GASKET DESIGN

& BOLTING
Presenter Syed Arif
Applications Engineer

Sheration Brookhollow – Houston, TX

 Lamons Capabilities

Heat Exchanger Manufacturing Kammpro Manufacturing Spiral Wound Manufacturing

Soft Gasket Manufacturing Fastener Manufacturing API Manufacturing

Why is there so many different kinds of Gaskets???

There are so many different type of applications

that require to customize gaskets in order to seal
that application.
 Gaskets Vary on the Operating Conditions

 Gasket Are Design to suit for the different operating conditions:

Internal Pressure

Operating Temperature

Process/Media in the line

GASKET DESIGN BASED ON INTERAL PRESSURE

SOFT SEMI-
METALLIC
GASKETS METALLIC

INTERNAL PRESSURE
Soft/Sheet
GASKET
SOFT GASKETS BASED ON INTERAL PRESSURE

PTFE MATRIX
ELASTOMERS CNAF
/ GRAPHITE

INTERNAL PRESSURE
 L-100
Description:
L-100 is a high performance biaxally orientated PTFE gasket
material with the addition of a High Quality Silica filler system.
(C2F4)n + SiO2 =

Applications:
L-100 can be used to seal most chemicals except molten alkali metals, fluorine
gas and hydrogen fluoride. Please refer to Matrix chemical resistance data.
L-100 is approved for potable water service, complies with requirements of
FDA regulations and can be used at all concentrations of Sulfuric Acid.

Approvals:
Complies with the requirements of FDA21 CFR 177.1550
Test information is available for: ROTT, BAM for Oxygen

Matrix L-100 Thickness Range:

1/32” (0.8mm) to 1/4” (6.4mm)
 L-104
Description:
L-104 is a superior performance biaxally orientated PTFE gasket
material with the addition of Hollow Glass Microspheres.
(C2F4)n + =

Applications:
L-104 can be use to seal most chemicals except molten alkali metals, fluorine gas
and hydrogen fluoride. please refer to Matrix chemical resistance data.
L-104 is approved for potable water service, complies with requirements of FDA
regulations and has exceptional compression characteristics making it ideal for glass
lined flanges or where loading problems exist.

Approvals:
Complies with the requirements of FDA21 CFR 177.1550
Test information is available for: ROTT

Matrix L-104 Thickness Range:

1/32” (0.8mm) to 1/4” (6.4mm)
 L-104
L-104 Gasket
Glass Bubbles

Before the gasket is loaded

the glass bubbles are spherical
 L-104

After the gasket is compressed the Load

Load
glass bubbles become an ellipse.
The presence of load flexes the
glass bubbles.

Load
Load
 L-104
If there is any relaxation in the flanges /
fasteners then L-104 will recover to Relaxation
maintain the seal.
This is possible because the glass bubbles
recover back into there original spherical
shape.

Relaxation
 L-110
Description:
L-110 is a superior performance biaxally orientated PTFE gasket material
with the addition of a Barium Sulphate filler system. (C2F4)n + BaSO4 =

Applications:
L-110 is used in sealing food, pharmaceuticals and other chemical media, please refer
to Matrix chemical resistance data.
The material complies with the requirements of FDA regulations and is acceptable for
use in aqueous hydrofluoric acid below 49%, but is not suitable for sealing molten
alkali metals or fluorine gas.

Approvals:
Complies with the requirements of FDA21 CFR 177.1550, TA-LUFT
Test information is available for: HOBT, ROTT, EN 13555, BAM for Oxygen

Matrix L-110 Thickness Range:

1/32” (0.8mm) to 1/4” (6.4mm)
 FRP Flanges

• Fragile flanges can crack with

high loads
• Require low bolting
• Require softer gaskets to seal

http://www.hotfrog.com.br/companhia//fabrica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-flanges-de-fibra-norma-ansi-b-16-5-382141
 NEW! Corrugated PTFE Gaskets - CPG

Advantages:
 Minimum Temperature: -450F (-268oC).
 Maximum Temperature: 500F (260oC).
 Maximum Pressure: 1235 psi (85 Bar)
 Sizing to meet ASME B16.5 and special flanges

 Complies with the requirements of FDA21 CFR 177.1550.

 Test information is available for: HOBT, ROTT, EN 13555.

Matrix CPG® is ideal for glass

lined, plastic and FRP flanges
where high gasket stress are
not possible.
GASKET DESIGN BASED ON INTERAL PRESSURE

SOFT SEMI-
METALLIC
GASKETS METALLIC

INTERNAL PRESSURE
Spiral Wound
GASKET
 Spiral Wound Gasket Construction
Typically Inner ring composed of
similar metallurgy to the winding
material

Spiral wound sealing element

Gasket Constant
“M” - 3 Carbon steel outer guide ring
with corrosion inhibitor
“Y” - 10,000 PSI
(Minimum Stress)
Windings can only
handle maximum
stress of 40,000 PSI Metal winding

Soft filler material

KAMMPROFILE
GASKET
 Kammpro Gasket Features
Advantages:
 Soft sealing faces
 Flexible graphite facing material
 Serrated metal core
 Wide range of metal cores
 Sizing to accommodate application

 Minimum Gasket Stress:

 Lower M & Y factors
 M = 2.75
 Y = 3,700 PSI = 3700 PSI (Minimum Stress)
 Core can handle a maximum stress of 60,000 PSI
 ®
Lamons Kammpro
Styles Typical Applications
LP-1
Heat Exchangers

Class 150 - 2500lb

LP-2
Standard Pipe

Class 150 - 2500lb

LP-3
Standard Pipe
 Lamons Kammpro Milling Technology

• Cutting Tool is specifically

designed to accurately
achieve desired geometry
•All serrations are cut
simultaneously and on the
same fixed plane
•The height of the core and
cutting tool is constant during
the cutting phase
•The height of the table is the
only adjustment required for
operator, which minimizes
potential for error
Non-Circular Shapes

 Unprecedented
Kammprofile Technology
 Specific to Lamons’
Kammpro Milling Process
 Eliminated Buckling and
Winding deformation on
elliptical manways and
handhole spirals
 Valve Tongue and Groove Application
Like how Spiral wound thickness is a control crushed we can
customize the Kammprofile gasket thickness as needed.
SPIGOT TO RECESS

 Used with style W spiral wound gaskets

 Must have a compression stop
 Used on pumps/valve
bonnets/compressor housings
HIGH TEMPERATURE
GASKET - HTG
 Oxygen Attack at Elevated Temperatures
on a Spiral Wound Gasket

• Graphite usually goes from 850 F to 975 F but

what about applications higher than 975 F?

O2
O2
O2
 WRI-HTG

Advantages:
• combines the corrosion and oxidation
resistance of Mica and Flexible Graphite.
• The Mica acts as a barrier on the OD and ID to
protect graphite oxidation.
Lamons Kammpro-HTG®

Kammprofile facing (oxidation

inhibited flexible graphite with mica
phyllosilicate based shielding)

Flexible graphite is protected from oxidation by

mica phyllosilicate based oxidation shielding.
ALKYLATION UNIT
GASKET
 Alkylation Process

 A refining process used to enhance gasoline octane ratings

 Inherent in several of these process systems is the use of

(HF) hydrofluoric acid as a catalyst
Lamons WRI-LP Gasket

 Faced/filled with flexible

graphite or PTFE covering
layers

 PTFE is rigidly bonded and

completely
encapsulating carbon
steel inner ring (can
also be Monel for critical
®

service)

 Machined serrations create

“point contact” loading

 Basic spiral wound design is

consistent with standard
design practice
 Lamons Inhibitor Gasket

Advantages:
Supreme corrosion protection
to the bore
Fire Safe Design
Low loading requirements
THERMAL CYCLING
APPLICATIONS
 Corrugated Metal Gaskets - CMG

Advantages:
 High sealing ability
 Maintains high bolt loads in HE
when retightened
 Choice of metal and facing
material
 Sizing to meet ASME B16.5 and
special flanges
 Minimum Gasket Stress:
 Lower M & Y factors
 M = 2.75
 Y = 3,700 PSI
 CorruKamm™
 Maximum recovery from joint assembly relaxation
 Able to deflect and compress under load
 Maximum stability, resiliency, deflection and
conformance
 Heavy machined core
 Ideal for Heat Exchanger vessels, reactors or standard
flanges where thermo cycling is present

 M- 2.75
 Y- 3700psi
CONVERSION
RTJ to RF GASKET
 Mating a RF to RTJ assembly

Lamons Style WRI-RJ

Lamons Kammpro Adapter

Lamons Kammpro RTJ/RF Adapter
 WRI-RJ
(RTJ to RF connection)
 Lamons Kammpro-ORJ and Kamm-PEG

 Based on Octagonal standard

shape and completely
compatible with standard
flanges
 Creates a tight fugitive
emissions seal on
troublesome applications
 Adds surface conformity and
forgiveness in regards to
surface finish imperfections
 Helps protect flange facing
 Can be cleaned and reused
Dual Seal Kammpro
®
RFID TAGS
HIGH TECH TAGGING
 What is RFID?

 RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

 IGT – Intelligent Gasket Tagging

• Read Information Electrically Via Tag On Flange

• Use Tags on Hot Equipment up to 1000 F.
• Read tags about 25 ft away depending on the reader
• All UHF Gen2 RFID guns are compatible to read tag
Snap-On Metal and G10 Washers

• Easy Install
• No need to effect clamp
load
• Strong gripping and
locking ability
Cathodic Protection
Gasket Isolation
 Cathodic Protection

Dissimilar Metals – Galvanic Corrosion

Stainless steel valve

Carbon steel
piping
What are Isolation Products?
 Types of Isolation Gaskets

Phenolic RTJ Compressed Sheet Rubber Faced Phenolic

Incline Plane Spring Energized

Composite Steel Core
 Defender™ FS - FireSafe

• Two integral robust sealing elements for sealing and

isolating in an engineered Fire Safe design.
• Tested and Certified to API 6FP (Third
Edition).

• Incorporates industry proven Kammpro® sealing technology.

• Serves as a sealing/isolation for

Fire Safe Applications.
 Defender™ – Steel Core

• Tested to Shell Certification Standards

• Proven design based on the

industry leader

• Spring energized
seal element
• Press-n-Lock “Glue-Less
Seal Groove
Technology”.
An industry first!
The Evolution of the
LAMONS LP1 FIN FAN
Plug
 GENERATION 1
STANDARD FIN FAN PLUG & GASKET

FIN FAN GASKET

FIN FAN PLUG

 GENERATION 2
LAMONS LP1 FIN FAN PLUG & GASKET

FIN FAN GASKET

LAMONS LP1 G9 Gasket

Flexible Graphite Facing

FIN FAN PLUG
 GENERATION 3
LAMONS FIN FAN PLUG & GASKET

FIN FAN GASKET

• LP1 Substrate built into FIN FAN

plug for less chance of any leak

FIN FAN PLUG

Bolting & Lubrication
 Premium Lubricants
 Nickel 328
 Up to 2000F

 Nut factor = 0.14

 Moly-B
 Up to 1500F

 Nut factor =0.13

 Arctic Grade
 -30F to 450F

 Nut factor = 0.15

 GP-450
 Up to 450F

 Nut factor = 0.17

 Economical
TORQUE VALUE USING NO LUBRICATION
TORQUE VALUE USING GP-450 LUBRICATION
TORQUE VALUE USING PTFE LUBRICATION
Importance of Lubrication
 Hooke’s Law

Load Ultimate
Strength
Failure
Yield
Point

Target Load

Extension is
proportional to Applied Bolt Load
the applied
load

Extension
Resulting
Elastic
Extension
SPC4 – Load Indicating
Studs
Aspects of bolted flange connections

Despite many factors that

comprise the complexity of
bolted joints, performance
can be simplified by
concentrating on the Clamp
Load
All these factors impact on
Clamp Load
The most effective means to
ensure bolted joint
performance is to target and
maintain, accurate and
uniform Clamp Load
 Measuring Bolt Elongation
Non-Integral Systems for Determining Bolt Elongation
Strain Gauges
Incorporates a bonded device that is wired to a digital readout
Reports tension in the fastener through electrical resistance
Requires a high degree of operator expertise
Not well suited for a field environment
Must be reassembled to monitor load once placed in service Strain gauge
inserted into a
fastener
Ultrasonic
Incorporates an acoustic coupling device that uses a pulse-
echo technique
Measures time of flight of the loaded fastener and compares it
to that of the unloaded condition to give elongation
Coupled to an electronic device capable of converting the
pulse echo time of flights to load
Requires a high degree of operator expertise
Must be reassembled to monitor load once placed in service

Ultrasonic
tensioning setup
Applications
 Applications

Pump Application Transmission Coupling

Where uniformity of clamp load is essential…

 Principles of Operation
Displacement (Δl)

Calibrated ASTM 0.2% Yield Strength

Load
Displacement is a direct measure of
applied load
Linear scale (within yield point)
Bolt is now calibrated (±6% target
load)
 Accuracy of Clamping Method

SPC4

Hydraulic Tensioners

Torque Wrench

Operator ‘Feel’

-40% -30% -20% -10% +10% +20% +30% +40%

Target Clamp Load

 Applications

Rotating Flange Application

Leaking slurry and flange separation resulted in reoccurring bolt failures.

Applications
 Applications
R1 Reactor Nozzle (14” 1500, R- Recommended Loading of 50ksi
63 347 SS Ring)
 Applications

Heat exchanger EA-1703 leaked following plant trip

Load is now monitored and leakage has been prevented
 The balls embed into the
flange or the THSW and
keep the nut from turning

The three
balls mounted
in the washer
are thicker
than it, &
protrude
slightly on
each of its
sides.

The washer is placed between the

nut and the flange or between the
nut and a through-hardened steel
washer (THSW)

During tightening, the nut and Ball

Lock Washer are forced against the
flange.
 Ball Lock Washers
 . FLAT WASHER Apply Moly B here ONLY!
DO NOT APPLY TO WASHERS OR NUT!

F
L
A
N
G
E

BALL LOCK WASHER

MOLY B ON ALL SURFACES, THIS SIDE ONLY

 Fingersaver

Advantages:
 Safety is the first concern in any facility
Two Lengths available 14
 Protect your hands away from the impact of a hammer ¾” (37.46 cm) and 33 ½”
(85.09 cm)
 Questions?

Contact Lamons Technical Department:

TOLL FREE: 1 (800) 231-6906
EMAIL: [email protected]

Presenting Engineers:
Application Engineer [email protected]