Training and Development

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Training and development

Training and development involves improving the effectiveness of organizations and the
individuals and teams within them. Training may be viewed as related to immediate
changes in organizational effectiveness via organized instruction, while development
is related to the progress of longer-term organizational and employee goals.
While training and development technically have differing definitions, the two are
oftentimes used interchangeably and/or together. Training and development has
historically been a topic within applied psychology but has within the last two
decades become closely associated with human resources management, talent
management, human resources development, instructional design, human factors,
and knowledge management

Benefits

Training has been used in organizations for the past several decades. Although training and
development requires investments of many types, there are cited benefits to integrating
training and development into organizations:

 Increased productivity and job performance


 Skills development
 Team development
 Decreasing safety-related accidents
However, if the training and development is not strategic and pointed at specific goals, it can
lead to more harm than good. Needs assessments, especially when the training is being
conducted on a large-scale, are frequently conducted in order to gauge what needs to be
trained, how it should be trained, and how extensively. Needs assessments in the training and
development context often reveal employee and management-specific skills to develop (e.g.
for new employees), organizational-wide problems to address (e.g. performance issues),
adaptations needed to suit changing environments (e.g. new technology), or employee
development needs (e.g. career planning). The degree of effectiveness of training and
development programs can be predicted by the needs assessment and how closely the needs
were met, the execution of the training (i.e. how effective the trainer was), and trainee
characteristics (e.g. motivation, cognitive abilities).Effectiveness of training is typically done
on an individual or team-level, with few studies investigating the impacts on organizations

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