Mqs Science Xii

MODEL PAPER
d{kk– XII
thofoKku (BIOLOGY)
le; % 3 ?kaVs $ 15 feuV (vfrfjDr) ] [ iw .kk±d % 70
Time : 3 Hrs. + 15 Minute (Extra)] [Total Marks : 70
lkekU; funsZ'k (General Instructions) :
z lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z gSa A (All Questions are compulsory)
z xyr mÙkj ds fy, fdlh rjg dh dVkSrh ugha gksxhA (There is No negative marking for any wrong answer.)
z iz'u&i=k nks [k.Mksa esa gS A (Questions are in two sections)
[k.M & I (SECTION-I)

oLrqfu"B iz 'u (Objective)
dqy vad (Total Marks) µ 28
dqy iz'uksa dh la[;k (Total No. of Questions) µ 25
[k.M & II (SECTION-II)
xS j &oLrq f u"B iz 'u (Non-Objective)
y?kq mÙkjh; iz'u (Short Answer type) µ 11 (iz R ;s d 2 va d )
nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'u (Long Answer type) µ 04 (iz R ;s d 5 va d )
4- dqN nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'uksa esa vkarfjd fodYi Hkh fn, x, gSa A vki oSls iz'uksa esa miyC/ fodYiksa esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk
gh mÙkj nsa A
(There are internal options is some of the long answer type questions. In such questions you have to answer
any one of the alternative.)
5- ;FkklaHko lHkh iz'uksa dk mÙkj viuh gh Hkk"kk esa nsa A
(Answer should be in your own language.)
6- ijh{kk ds nkSjku dydqyVs j lfgr fdlh Hkh rjg dk bysDVªkfW ud la;=a k (;Fkk eksckby] istj bR;kfn) dk iz;ksx loZFkk oftZr gS A
(No electronic gadgets like calculator, call phone, pager are allowed during exam.)
7- oLrqfu"B ç'uksa dk mÙkj fn, x, vksñ ,eñ vkjñ lhV esa mi;qDr fodYi dks uhys ;k dkys isu ls iwjh rjg Hkj dj nsa A
(mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn mÙkj (c) gks rks uhys ;k dkys isu ls ,sls fpfÉr djsa
(The answer of objective type question is to be given on supplied OMR sheet by completely darking the
appropriate answer option. For exmple if answer is (c) the you should fill it as shown by blue/black pen.
(a) (b) (Q) (d)

Bio-[ 1 ]
OMR ANSWER SHEET OMR mÙkj i=k OMR NO.
ijh{kk 2010
Instructions : funsZ' k %
1. All entries should be confined to the area provided. 1. lHkh çfof"V;k¡ fn;s x;s LFkku rd gh lhfer j[ksa A
2. In the OMR Answer Sheet the Question Nos. progress
from top to bottom. 2. OMR mÙkj i=k esa ç'u la[;k Øe'k% mQij ls uhps dh vksj nh xbZ gSA
3. For marking answers, use BLACK/BLUE BALL POINT 3. mÙkj dsoy dkys@uhys ckWy IokbaV isu }kjk fpfÉr djsa A
PEN ONLY.
4. Mark your Roll No. Roll Code No. Name of Exam. Centre 4. viuk jksy uañ jksy dksM uañ] ijh{kk dsUæ dk uke OMR mÙkj i=k ls
in the boxes/space provided in the OMR Answer Sheet. fufnZ"V [kkyh@LFkkuksa esa@ij fy[ksa A
5. Fill in your Name, Signature, Subject, Date of Exam, in 5. OMR mÙkj i=k esa fu/kZfjr LFkku ij viuk uke] gLrk{kj] fo"k; ijh{kk
the space provided in the OMR Answer Sheet.
dk fnukad dh iwfrZ djsa A
6. Mark your Answer by darkening the CIRCLE completely,
like this. 6. vius mÙkj ds ?ksjs dk iw.kZ :i ls çxk<+ djrs gq, fpfÉr djsa A
Correct Method Wrong Methods lgh fof/ xyr fof/;k¡
A B C D A C D A B C D A C D
A C D A C D
A C D A C D
7. Do not fold or make any stray marks in the OMR Answer
Sheet. 7. OMR mÙkj i=k dks u eksM+sa vFkok ml ij tgk¡&rgk¡ fpÉ u yxk,¡ A
8. If you do not follow the instructions given above, it may be 8. mQij fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa dk ikyu u fd, tkus dh fLFkfr esa mÙkj i=kksa dk
difficult to evaluate the Answer Sheet. Any resultant loss ewY;kadu djuk dfBu gksxk A ,sls esa urhts dh n`f"V ls fdlh Hkh çdkj
on the above account i.e. not following the instructions
dh {kfr dk ftEesnkj dsoy ijh{kkFkhZ gksxk A
completely shall be of the candidates only.
BIHAR SCHOOL EXAMINATION BOARD
1. Name (in BLOCK letters) / uke (Nkis ds v{kj esa) 7. Roll Code/ jksy dksM 7. Roll Code/ jksy dksM
2. Date of Exam / ijh{kk dh frfFk b b b b b b b b

c c c c c c c c
3. Subject / fo"k;
d d d d d d d d
4. Name of the Exam Centre / ijh{kk dsUæ dk uke e e e e e e e e
f f f f f f f f
5. Full Signature of Candidate / ijh{kkFkhZ dk iw.kZ gLrk{kj g g g g g g g g
h h h h h h h h
6. Invigilator's Signature / fujh{kd dk gLrk{kj i i i i i i i i
k k k k k k k k
For answering darken the circles given below / mÙkj ds fy, uhps vafdr ?ksjs dks çxk<+ djsa A
27. A B C D
1. A B C D 14. A B C D 28. A B C D
2. A B C D 15. A B C D 29 I. A B C D
3. A B C D 16. A B C D II. A B C D
4. A B C D 17. A B C D III. A B C D
5. A B C D 18. A B C D IV. A B C D
6. A B C D 19. A B C D 30 I. A B C D
9. A B C D 22. A B C D
10. A B C D 23. A B C D
11. A B C D 24. A B C D
12. A B C D 25. A B C D
13. A B C D 26. A B C D
Bio-[ 2 ]
MODEL SET ( iz k :i i=k ) –I
SECTION([k.M) –I
OBJECTIVE (oLrqf u"B)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28
le; % 1 ?ka V k + 10 fe- (vfrfjDr) ] [ iw .kk± d % 28
I. ç'u la [;k 1 ls 10 rd ds iz ' uks s a es a pkj fodYi fn, x, gS a ] ftues a ls ,d lgh gS A lgh fodYi dk pq u ko dj
mÙkj rkfydk es a fpfÉr djs a A 10 × 1 = 10
In following Questions Q. No.–1 to 10 there are only one correct answer. You have to choose that
correct answer.
1. GM ikS/s lgk;d gS\ (GM Plants are useful in)
(A) iQly&mRikn c<+kus esa (increasing crop yield )
(B) jksx&izfrjks/h ikS/ksa ds mRiknu c<+kus esa (producing disease resistant plants)
(C) lw[kk&fujks/h ikS/ksa dk mRiknu c<+kus esa (increasing dronght resistant plants)
(D) buesa lHkh (all of these)
2. izkd`frd pquko }kjk izkf.k;ksa ds fodkl dk fl¼kar izLrkfor fd;k x;k\
The theory of Origin of Species by natural selection was proposed by—
(A) pkYlZ MkfcZu }kjk (Charles Darwin) (B) ykekdZ }kjk (Lamarck)
(C) vULZV gSdsy }kjk (Ernst Hacckel) (D) ekYFkl }kjk (Malthus)
3. DNA dks dkVus esa O;gogkj fd, tkus okyk ,d ,atkbe gS\ (An enzyme used to cut DNA—)
(A) isfDVust (Pectinase) (B) ykbxst (Ligase)
(C) izfrca/u ,.MksU;wfDy,t (Restriction endonuclease) (D) ykblkstkbe (Lysozyme)
4. uhps n'kkZ, x, ,d vkgkj Ükà[kyk esa ck?k dk LFkku D;k gS\
What is the position of a tiger in a food cha in shown below ?
?kkl → fgj.k → ck?k (Grass → Deer → Tiger)
(A) mRiknd (Producer) (B) izkFkfed miHkksDrk (Primary Consumer)
(C) f}rh;d miHkksDrk (Secondary Consumer) (D) vi?kVudrkZ (Decomposer)
5. DNA izfrfyfidj.k ds fy, t:jr gksrh gS\ (Replcation of DNA needs)
(A) DNA ykbxst dh (DNA Ligase)
(B) DNA ikWfyesjst dh (DNA Ploymerase)
(C) DNA ikWfyesjst rFkk DNA ykbxst dh (DNA Polymerase and DNA Ligase)
(D) Vªkalyksdst rFkk RNA ikWfyesjst dh (Translocase and RNA Polymerase)
6. nw/ok jk"Vªh; m|ku fLFkr gS\ (Dudhwa National Park is situated in )
(A) vle (Assam) (B) mÙkj izns'k (U.P.)
(C) xqtjkr (Gujarat) (D) if'pe caxky (West Bengal)
7. iQyksa ds cht ifjofrZr Lo:i gSa\ (Seeds of fruits are transformed)
(A) nyiqat ds (Corolla) (B) ofrZdk ds (style)
(C) vaMk'k; fHkfÙk ds (wall of avary) (D) chtkaM ds (ovule)
Bio-[ 3 ]
8. fuEufyf[kr essa dkSu vaMiztd gS\ (Which one of the following is oviparous?)
(A) iq"ih; ikni (Flowering plants) (B) ?kfM;ky (Crocodile)
(C) L=kh (Woman) (D) canj (Monkey)
9. vf/PNn mQrd dk dSalj dgykrk gS\ (Cancer of epithelial tissue is called )
(A) fyEiQksek (Lymphona) (B) ykbikslk (Liposa)
(C) Y;wdfs e;k (Leukaemia) (D) dkjfluksek (Carinoma)
10. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu /ku ds [ksrksa esa tSo&moZjd dh Hkk¡fr dk;Z djrk gS\
Which are of the following works as biofertilizer in Paddy field ?
(A) uhy&gfjr 'kSoky (blue-grane algae) (B) ;hLV (yeast)
(C) iQatkbZ (funge) (D) dhV ihM+d (insect pest)
II. ç'u la [;k 11 ls 15 rd ds iz R;s d iz ' u es a nks dFku (dFku I ,oa dFku II) fn, x, gS a A bu dFkuks a ds vk/kj
ij fn, x, fodYiks a (a), (b), (c) ,oa (d) es a ls lgh fodYi dk pq uko djs a A
In each question from Q. No. 11 to 15 two statements (Statement I and Statement II) are given
choice the correct option for each question out of options (a), (b), (c) and (d) on the basis of given
statements. 5×1=5
(a ) vxj nksuksa dFku lgh gS vkSj dFku II dFku I dh gh O;k[;k gSA
If both the statements are true and statement Ii is the correct explanation of statement I.
(b) vxj nksuksa dFku lgh gS vkSj dFku II dFku I dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
If both the statements are true and statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I.
( c) vxj dFku I lgh vkSj dFku II xyr gSA (If statement I is true and statemejnt Ii is talse.)
(d) vxj dFku I xyr vkSj dFku II lgh gSA (If statement I is false and statement II is true.)
11. dFku (Statement)&I : viQhe ,d u'khyh nok gSA (Opium is a narcotic drug.)
dFku (Statement)&II : viQhe iSik;j lksEuhiQsje ikS/s ls izkIr gksrk gSA (Opium is obtained from a plant Papaver
sominiferum.)
12. dFku (Statement)&I : tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx ls rS;kj dh xbZ bUlqfyu áwewfyu dgykrk gSA ( Insulin produced by
the application of biotechnology is known as humulin.)
dFku (Statement)&II : bUlqfyu gkWeksZu dk ,d izdkj gSA (Insulin is a type of hormone.)
13. dFku (Statement)&I : vkfdZ;ksIVsfjDl i{kh ,oa Lru/kjh ds chp ,d ;kstd dM+h gSA (Archacopteryx is a
connecting link between-birds and mammals.)
dFku (Statement)&II : vkfdZ;ksIVsfjDl ,d foyqIr i{kh gSA (Archaeopteryx is an extinct bird.)
14. dFku (Statement)&I : gjs ikS/s mRiknd dgykrs gSaA (Green plants are known as producers.)
dFku (Statement)&II : gjs ikS/s izdk'k mQtkZ dks jklk;fud mQtkZ esa cnyrs gSaA (They convert light energy into
chemical energy.)
15. dFku (Statement)&I : uj ;qXed ,dxq.k dksf'kdk,¡ gSaA (Male gametes are haploid cells)
dFku (Statement)&II : uj ;qXed esa Øksekslkse dh la[;k n gksrh gSA (Male gametes have n number of chromo somes.)
III. ç'u la [;k 16 ls 18 rd ds ç'uks a ds pkj fodYi fn, x, gS a \ ftles a ,d ls vf/d mÙkj lgh gS a A lgh fodYi
dk pq uko djs a A
Q. No.16 to 18 is for right have more than one correct answer. Select the correct answer to each
questions. 3×1=3
16. tula[;k&fu;a=k.k ds fy, viuk;h tkus okyh lftZdy fcf/;k¡ gS\a (Surgical methods adopted for population control are)
(A) iq#"k ulcanh (Vasectomy) (B) L=kh ulcanh (tubeclomy)
(C) MTP (D) daMkse (Condom)
Bio-[ 4 ]
17. izksVhu la'ys"k.k dh fof/ esa lfEefyr gSa\ (Method of protein synthesis involves)
(A) jsIyhds'ku (Replication) (B) VªkalfØI'ku (Tanscription)
(C) Vªkalyksds'ku (Translocation) (D) f}xq.ku (Duplication)
18. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu i'kqikyu esa lfEefyr gS\
Which one of the following is included in animal husbandry?
(A) e/qeD[khikyu (Bee keeping) (B) dqDdqVikyu (Poultry farming)
(C) eRL;dh (Fish farming) (D) dkcZfud [ksrh (Organic farming)
IV. ç'u la [;k 19 ls 22 rd ds nks LrEHk-II ls lgh fodYi pq udj LrEHk-I ds lkFk 'kCnks a dk lgh feyku djs s a A
Q. No. 19 to 22 are of 2 column matching type. Match correctly. 4×1=4
dkWy e (Column)–I dkWye (Column)–II
19. HkweMa yh; rkiu (Global warming)` (A) gkbfczMksek izkS|ksfxdh (Hybridoma technology)
20. eksuksDyksuy ,aVhckWMht (Monoclonal antibodies) (B) cSDVhfj;k vkSj iQaxkbZ (Bacteria and Fungi)
21. DykbVksfjl (Clitoris) (C) CO 2
22. ,aVhck;ksfVDl (Antibiotics) (D) f'k'u ds letkr (Homologons to penis)
V. ç'u la [;k 23 ls 25 rd ds fy, ,d m¼j.k fn;k x;k gS m¼j.k dks è;ku ls i<+ s a ,oa mlds ckn fn, x, iz ' uks a
dk lgh mÙkj fn, x, fodYi ls pq us a A
Q. No. 23 to 25 are comprehensive type. Read carefully the passage and select one correct of given
four questions. 3×2=6
bl i`Foh ij ik, tkus okys leLr tho tuu }kjk gh viuh lrrrk cuk, gq, gSaA tuu fØ;k }kjk tho leku larfr
dk l`tu djrs gSAa ysfdu] fn[kus esa ,dleku gksrs gq, Hkh ;s fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa ,d nwljs ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA ;gh fofHkUurk
dgyrk gSA tSlk fd vki turs gSa] thoksas dh dksf'kdkvksa esa dsand z ds Hkhrj DNA ,oa izksVhu ls fufeZr
z ik, tkrs gSaA dsand
Øksekslkse jgrs gSAa ;gh Øksekslkse vkuqofa 'kd xq.kksa ds okgd gksrs gSaA tks tud (ekrk&firk) ls larfr esa tkrs gSaA
All the organisms found on the earth maintain their continuity by reproduction. By the proces of repro-
duction organisms produce same offsprings. Although the offsprings are similar in appearance. They differ
from each other at least in some characters. This is called variation. As you know in all organisms nucleus are
found in the cells Nucleus contains chromosomes made up of DNA and protect. These chromosomes are the
carrier of hereditary characters, which pass from parents to offsprings.
23. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu vkuqoaf'kd xq.kksa dk okgd gS\ (Which one of the following is the carrier of heredilary
characters ?)
(A) Øksekslkse (Chromosome) (B) ekbVksdkWfMª;k (Mitochondria)
(C) U;wfDy;ksyl (Nucleous) (D) izksVhu v.kq (Protein molecule)
24. ,d gh ekrk&firk ls mRiUu leku larfr;ksa esa ik;h tkus okyh fHkUurk dgykrk gS\
The differences found in the similar aftsprings reproduced by common parents are called
(A) fodkl (Evolntion) (B) fofHkUurk (Variation)
(C) E;wVs'ku (Mutation) (D) letkr jpuk,¡ (homologous structures)
25. fdl izØe }kjk izR;sd tho viuh lrrrk cuk, j[krk gS\
By which phenomenon each organism maintains its continuity ?
(A) fodkl (Evolution) (B) vkuqoaf'kdrk (Heredity)
(C) tuu (Reproduction) (D) fofHkUurk (Variation)
Bio-[ 5 ]
SECTION([k.M) –II
NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrqf u"B)

Time : 2 Hrs. + 5 Min (Extra) Total Marks : 42
le; % 2 ?ka V k + 5 feñ (vfrfjDr) dq y va d % 42
y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

ç'u la [;k 1 ls 11 rd y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u gS a A iz R;s d iz ' u 2 va d ds gS a A
Q. No. 1 to 11 are short answer typs questions. Each questioni carries 3 marks. 11 × 2 = 22
1. ikS/ksa esa ij&ijkx.k ds rhu ykHk ,oa rhu gkfu;ksa dk o.kZu djsAa
(Describe three advantages and three disavantages of cross-pollination in plants )
2. ekuo vaMk'k; ij ,d laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
(Write a short notes on human ovary.)
3. esaMy ds i`FkDdj.k ;k fola;kstu ds fu;e D;k gS\ le>k,a¡\
(What is Mendel's law of segregation? Explain)
4. ,aVhck;ksfVDl D;k gSa\ (What are antibiotics ?)
5. mQrd lao/Zu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
(What do you mean by tissue onlture?)
6. Lih'kht ,oa vkcknh esa var crk,¡A
(Describe the difference between species and population.)
7. ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k esa mRiknd dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
(What is the role of producer is an ecosystem?)
8. Hkksiky xSl =kklnh ds fo"k; esa vki D;k tkurs gSa\
(What do you know about Bhopal gas tragedy?)
9- ekuo IyklsUVk dks gheksdksfj;y uewuk D;ksa dgrs gS\a ,d gkeksuZ dk uke crk;sa tks cPps ds tUe dks vklku cukus ds fy,
blls lzkfor gksrk gSA
Why is human placenta referred to as haemochorial type ?
Name the harmone it secretes to facilitate parturition.
10- ijHk{kh ,oa ijthoh esa D;k varj gS\
Write down the differences between predators & parasites
11- dSaljdkjd D;k gSa\ nks jklk;fud dSaljdkjdksa ds uke fy[ksaA
Carcinogens are agents that tend to favour cancer development or produces cancer. They can be physical
irritants, chemical agents, radiations, or biological agents.
Two chemical carcinogens are-
(i) Cigarette smoke (N-nitrosodimenthylene) affect lungs.
(ii) Mustard gas also affects lungs.
Bio-[ 6 ]
nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'u (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
ç'u la [;k 12 ls 15 nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'u gS a A iz R;s d iz ' u 5 va d ds gS a s A 4 × 5 = 20
Q. No. 12 to 15 are of long answer questions. Each question carries 5 marks.
12. ekuo esa fyax fu/kZj.k dk o.kZu djsAa (Describe sex-determination in human being.)
Or,
ysekfdZTe dk C;ksjk nsAa (Give an account of Lamarckism.)
13. DNA dh lajpuk dk o.kZu djsaA (Describe the structure of DNA.)
14. e/qeD[kh ikyu ds fof/ dk o.kZu djssA bldk D;k egRo gS\
Describe the method of bee keeping. What are its importance ?
15. ty iznw"k.k D;k gS\ ty&iznw"k.k ds izHkkoksa dk o.kZu djsaA ty&iznw"k.k ds fu;a=k.k ds fy, D;k fd;k tkuk pkfg,\
What is water pollution? Describe the effects of water pollution. What measures should be adopted to check
the water pollution.
ANSWERS (mÙkj) )
SECTION ([k.M)–I :OBJECTIVE (oLrq f u"B ç'u )
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a)
16. (a, b, c) 17. (a, b) 18. (a, b, c) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (c)
Bio-[ 7 ]
SECTION([k.M) –II
NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j&oLrq fu"B)
y?kq mÙkjh; ç'uksÙkj (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

1. ij&ijkx.k ds rhu ykHk
(d) bl fof/ esa nks vyx&vyx oa'kkuqØe (hereditary Character) dk esy gksrk gS ftlls mRiUu larku ds vf/d LoLFk
gksus dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA
([k) bl fof/ ls ikS/ksa dh ubZ fdLesa iSnk dh tk ldrh gSA
(x) bl fof/ ls mRiUu cht vf/d thou{ke (Viable) gksrs gSaA
ij&ijkx.k ls gks u s okyh rhu gkfu;k¡ gS a µ
(d) liQy ijkx.k dh vfuf'prrk cuh jgrh gSA
([k) vusd ijkx.k O;FkZ pys tkrs gSaA
(x) blls izkIr cht fefJr xq.kksa okys gksrs gSaA
Advantages of cross pollination—
(A) It overcomes self-sterility. (B) It eliminates defective tracts
(C) It introduces variations due to genetic recembination.
(D) The offsprings are better adapted to changes in environment.
Disadvantage.
(A) It is highly wasteful process.
(B) There is always a chance factor for it.
(C) Good characters can be diluted and undesirable characters will enter in the progeny.
2. izR;sd L=kh esa ,d tksM+k vaMk'k; gksrk gSA ;s mnjxqgk ds fupys Hkkx esa fLFkr gksrs gSaA izR;sd vaMk'k; ,d vaMkdkj jpuk
gksrh gSA izR;sd vaMk'k; yxHkx 3cm yack rFkk 1.5 cm pkSM+k gksrk gSA vaMk'k; ds Hkhrj vaMtuu }kjk vaMk.kqvksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk
gSA izR;sd vaMk'k; la;ksth mQrd ds cus ,d ijr ls vPNkfnr gksrk gSA ;g ijr V~;wfudk ,Ycqftfu;k dgykrk gSA bl ijr ds uhps
tuu&,fiFkhfy;e dh dksf'kdkvksa ls vaMk.kq fodflr gksrs gSaA vaMk'k; dk vkarfjd Hkkx rarqvksa rFkk Liat la;ksth mQrd dk cuk
gksrk gSA ftls LVªksek dgrs gSaA tuu ,ihFkhfy;e foHkkftr gksdj dh dbZ iqVd fuekZ.k djrh gSaA blls ,d dksf'kdk cM+h gksdj
vaMdksf'kdk (oocyte) cukrh gSA buls fiQj izkFkfed iqVd] f}rh;d iqVd] gSaA ifjiDo iqVd dks xzkiQh dgrs gSaA
There is a pair of ovaries in jemales situated in the lower abdomen. Each ovary in 3 cm long and 1.5 cm wide.
Ovum is produced inside ovary by oogeneses Ovary in lined with a layer of connective tissue called tunica albuginea.
There is a germinal epithelium layer beneath it. Stroma is made of connective tissue & fibres present in cavity of
ovary, germinal epithelial cells form follicles by repeated division. One of its cell enlarge to form oocyte. It makes
primary, secondary and graafian follicle later on. The mature follicle is called gaafian follicl.
3- esMa y us vius iz;ksxksa ds fy, cxhps esa mxus okys lk/kj.k eVj ds ikS/ksa dk p;u fd;kA mUgksua s vius iz;ksx esa foijhr
y{k.kokys xq.k tSls yacs rFkk ckSus ikS/ksa ij fopkj fd;kA vius iz;ksx ls esaMy us fu"d"kZ fudkyk dh vizHkkoh xq.k (recessive trait)
tSls ckSuk iu esas u rks dksbZ cnyko vkrk gS vkSj u gh ,slk xq.k yqIr gksrk gSA ladj (hybrid) uLy dh ih<+h esa i`Fkd] vFkkZr
vyx&vyx gks tkrs gSaA ;g fu"d"kZ esaMy dk i`FkDdj.k dk fu;e dgykrk gSA
Mendel selected garden pea for his experiment. He experimented upon long and dwarf pea-plants and
concluded that recessive trait i.e. dwarfness do not change or is lost. It remain in the hybrid unit the dominant trait. It
reappears separats in the next generation. It is Mendel's law of regregation.
Bio-[ 8 ]
4. ;s lw{ethok.kqvksa }kjk cuk, x, jklk;fud inkFkZ gSA budk iz;ksx thok.kqvksa dh o`f¼ dks jksdus ;k mUgsa ekjus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA tSoizkS|ksfxdh }kjk cuk, tkusokys dqN izeq[k ,aVhck;ksfVDl isuhlhyhu] bfjFkzksekblh fliQSyksLiksfju] flizksÝyksDlkflu]
fuvksekblhu vkfn gSA
These are chemical, synthesized by microbes. They are used to check bacterial growth or their elimination.
Some important antibiotics made by bio technology are penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, Neomycin etc.
5. fdlh fuf'pr lao/Zu ekè;e (Culture medium) esa tc ikS/s ds fdlh Hkkx ds mQrd ds lao/Zu ls u, ikS/s mRiUu fd,
tkrs gSa] rc mls mQrd lao/Zu dgrs gSaA
ikS/s ds ftl Hkkx dks lao/Zu ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mls drksZÙkd ;k ,DlIykaV (Explant) dgrs gSaA ,DlIykaV tM+]
Rkuk ;k iÙkh dk dksbZ ,d Hkkx gks ldrk gSA buds vfrfjDr ;s cht] Hkzw.k] Hkzw.kiks"k] chtkaM dk;] chtkaM dks"k] ijkxdks"k Hkh gks ldrs
gSaA ,DlIykaV dks dYpj V~;wc ;k ÝykLd esa j[ks x, iks"k dkeè;e ij lajksfir (inoculate) dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;s lkjh fØ;k,¡
jksxk.kqjfgr d{kksa vFkok m"ek;u d{kksa (incnbation chamber) esa laiUu gksuh pkfg,A lajksfir dksf'kdkvksa dk lewg foHkkftr gksdj
mQrdksa dk ,d lewg cukrk gSA mQrdksa ds bl vlaxfz gr lewg dks dSyl (Callus) dgrs gSaA
Plant tissue culture is the technique of invitro maintainance & growth of plant cells, tissues or organs on a
suitable artificial culture medium contained in small containers under controlled conditions.
An excised fragment of tissue plant part used for raising a culture in called explant. It can be a part of root,
stem, leaf, seed, embryo, embryosac, ovary, anthers etc. Explant in inoculated in cultur tube with culture medium. It
is done in incubation chamber. These cells divide repcatedly & form a group of tissue. This undifferentiated group of
tissues is called callus.
6. ,d gh izdkj ds ,sls thoksa dks tks thou&fo"k;d dk;ks± esa ijLij lgk;d gksrs gSa vkSj varjtuu (Interbreeding) }kjk
vius gh tSlh larkuksa dh mRifÙk djrs gSa] tkfr ;k Lih'kht dgykrs gSaA
fdlh [kkl le; vkSj {ks=k esa ,d gh izdkj ds Lih'kht ds O;f"V;ksa ;k thoksa dh dqy la[;k dks vkcknh dgrs gSaA tSls 2003
esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k ls ,d fuf'pr le; ,oa LFkku ij ,d leqnk; fo'ks"k dh la[;k dks ml LFkku dh vkcknh dgrs gSaA
Species is a bigger aggregation of similar individuals. It is grouping of individuals of one of more population
which resemble one another in all characters besides ability to interbrced frecly. Like human beings present on earth
belong to same species. Homo sapiens. Population is an aggregation of individuals of the same species at the same
time in a particular area or space. e.g. fish in a pond etc.
7. fdlh Hkh ikjfLFkfrd ra=k esa oSls tho tks Hkkstu dk la'ys"k.k dj mQtkZ dk mRiknu djrs gSaA mRiknd dgykrs gSaA ;s
lkekU;r% gjs ikS/s gh gksrs gSaA D;ksafd gjs ikS/s gh izdk'kla'ys"k.k ds }kjk Hkkstu dk fuekZ.k Lo;a djrs gSaA vr% fdlh Hkh ikfjfLFkfrd
ra=k dh vkgkj Ükà[kyk dh izFke dM+h mRiknd gh gSA mRiknd ds vuqifLFkfr esa dksbZ Hkh ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k Loiksf"kr ugha gks
ldrk gSA
The organisms which synthesize food & produce energy in an ecosystem are called producers. They are
generally green plants as they synthesize food by an ecosystem in always a producer. In absence of producer, no
ecosystem can sustain on itself.
8. 3 fnlEcj 1984 dh eè;jkf=k dks Hkksiky fLFkfr feFkkby vkblkslkbusV ls lac¼ dhVuk'kd cukus okyh ;wfu;u dkckZbM
daiuh ds dkj[kkus ls ,d tgjhyh xSl dk fjlko gqvkA blls ml {ks=k dh ok;q iznwf"kr gks xbZA bl iznwf"kr ok;q ds dkj.k djhc
nks gtkj ls T;knk yksxksa dh lksrs gq, e``R;q gks xbZA cgqr ls yksx vlkè; fcekfj;ksa ds f'kdkj gks x,A gtkjksa yksxksa dh n`f"V pyh xbZA
yksx 'okl lacaf/r jksxksa ls ihfM+r gks x,A bl nq?kZVuk dks Hkksiky tSls =kklnh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
It was 3rd Dec. 1984 midnight, when a poisonous gas leaked from union carbide company factory making
methyl isocyanate related pesticides. It polluted the air of that area which caused the death of approx 2000 people
during sleep and many people are suffering from incurable disease. Many lost their eye-sight and respiratory disorder.
This accident is called Bhopal gas tragedy.
Bio-[ 9 ]
9- IyklsUVk Hkzw.k ,oa ek¡ ds chp ,d tksM+ gS tks xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku curk gS vkSj vLFkk;h laca/ ds :i esa gSA ;g Hkzq.k dks
fodkl ds nkSjku lg;ksx nsrk gSA Hkzw.kh; Hkkx dksfjvkWu ,oa ,ySuVksbl dk cuk gksrk gSA ek¡ ds Hkkx dks MsflMqvk cSlsfyl dgrsa gSaA
vr% bls gheksdksfj;y IyklsUVk dgrs gSaA ;g Hkzq.k ,oa ek¡ ds jDr ds chp inkFkksZ dk rhoz xfr ls fofue; djrk gSA vojks/
vfrlw{erj NUuk dk dke djrk gSA
IyklsUVk f'k'kq tUe ds le; fjySfDlu gkeksZu dk lzko.k djrk gS tks ;ksfu uyh] xHkkZ'k; xzhok ,oaa I;qchd fleiQkbfll dks
<hyk ,oa iQSykrk gSA
Placenta is foetomaternal connective that develops during pregnancy and forms a temporary association betwen
foetal & maternal tissues for supporting the foetus during development. Foetal part is made of chorion & allantois.
Maternal part is called decidua basalis. In the region of contact, the epithelial connective tissue & endothelial lining in
uterine mucosa get discarded so only foetal barriers persist. So it is called as haemochorial placenta. It provides for
rapid exchange of materials between foetal & maternal blood with barriers acting as ultrafilter.
Placenta secretes relaxin hormone at the time of paturitin which relaxes & dilates pubic symphysis, cervix &
vaginal tube.
10- ihMs V ~l Z (ijHk{kh) (Predators) ijthoh (Parasites)
(i) ;s cM+s rFkk etcqr tkuoj gSa tks f'kdkj dks NksVs lw{erj tho tks gksLV ij vkfJr gksrs gSaA
ekjdj xzg.k djrs gSa (These are larger & stronger Small or microscopic organisms depending on
animal which kill & consume prey the host.
(ii) ;s f'kdkj ij vkfJr ugha gksrsA ;s nwljs thoksa ij vkJ; ysrs gSaAS
They do not take shelter on the prey They take shelter on the host.
(iii) ;s xfr'khy gksrs gSa rkfd f'kdkj idM+ ldsaA buesa fodh.kZu dh de {kerk gksrh gSA
They are mobile to capture the prey They have poor means of dispersal
(iv) tSfod var% 'kfDr detksj gksrk gS buesa tSfod var% 'kfDr T;knk gksrh gSA
Biotic potential is low They have higher biotic potential.
(v) ;s f'kdkj ds izfr fuf'pr ugha gksrsA ;s thoksa ds izfr fuf'pr gksrs gSaA
They are not specific for the prey They are host specific.
11- dSaljdkj oSls dkjd gS tks dSalj ifjof/Zr ;k iSnk djrs gSaA ;s HkkSfrd mÙkstukdkjd] jklkfud dkjd] fofdj.k ;k tSfod
vfHkdrkZ gks ldrs gSaA (Carcinogens are agents that tend to favour cancer development or produces cancer. They can
be physical irritants, chemical agents, radiations, or biological agents.)
nks jklk;fud dSaljdkjd gSa& (Two chemical carcinogens are–)
1- flxjsV dk /q¡vk (,u&ukbVªkslksMkbZfeFkhyhu) iQsiQM+ksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA 2- eLVMZ xSl Hkh iQsiQM+ksa dks izHkkfor djrk
gSA (i) Cigarette smoke (N-nitrosodimenthylene) affect lungs. (ii) Mustard gas also affects lungs.
nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'uksÙkj (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

12. ekuo esa fyax fu/kZj.k dk o.kZu djsAa (Describe sex-determination in human being.)
euq";ksa esa uj fo"ke;qXedh gksrs gSAa budk xq.klq=kh; la?kVu 2 A + XY gksrk gSA eknk le;qXedh gksrh gS ftldk xq.klq=kh; la?kVu
2A + XX gksrk gSA (In human being, male is heterogametic and thus possesses AA & XY while female is homogametic
& has AA and XX.)
uj ;qXed (xSfeV) nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa&(The male gametes produced are of two types.)
A +X vkSj A +Y (1%1 vuqikr)A eknk ;qXed ges'kk A + X gksrk gSA tc iq:"k dk A + X ;qXed eknk ds A + X vaMs dks
fu"ksfpr djrk gS rks iq=kh iSnk gksrh gSA blds foijhr uj;qXed A + Yeknk ds vaMs A + Xdks fu"ksfpr djrk gS rks iq=k iSnk gksrk gSA
Bio-[ 10 ]
(One containing A+X & other containing A+Y chromosome (1:1 ratio) whereas female gamete is always A+X. When
male gamete (A+X) fertilizes an egg (A+X), 2A and XX individual is produced which is daughter. On the contrary, if
the A+Y male gamete fertilizes an egg ( A+X), the result is a son-)
AA + XX X AA + XY
Mother Father
gamete A + X egg A+X A + Y sperms.
AA + XX AA + XY
Daughter Son
fp=k&fu"ks p u ds le; euq ";ks a es a fya x fu/kZ j .k Fig : Sex determination in human being at the time of fertilization.
Or,
ysekdZ o knµysekdZ izQkal dk lSfud] ckn esa cSad deZpkjh fiQj fpfdRld vkSj var esa izd`frizseh FkkA bUgksaus fodkl dk iw.kZ
fl¼kar fn;kA lkjh ckrsa muds fdrkc esa nh x;h gSaA fdrkc dk uke gS&fiQyksLiQhd tqykSthD;q(1809)
ysekdZ dk fl¼kar µmuds pkj fl¼kar gSa&
(a) o`f¼ dk fl¼kar&thou dk vkarfjd cy muds vkdkj dks c<+krk gSA
(b) i;kZoj.k esa ifjorZu rFkk u;s vaxksa dh mRifÙk&i;kZoj.k esa cnyko ds dkj.k izkf.k;ksa esa mudh bPNk ls u;s vaxksa dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
(c) vaxksa dk mi;ksx ;k nq:i;ksx&vaxksa dk fodkl mi;ksx ls gksrk gS rFkk mudk u"V gksuk nq:i;ksx lsA
dqN mnkgj.kksa ls ;g ckr le> esa vk tkrh gSA&
1- lkai esa iSj dk u"V gks tkuk 2- fpiVh eNfy;ksa esa vk¡[kksa dk ,d rjiQ gks tkuk
3- nq:i;ksx ds dkj.k vo'ks"kh vaxksa dk fodkl
4- ftjkiQ esa ifÙk;ksa rd igqp ¡ us ds fy, xnZuksa dk yack gksukA
(d) izkIr y{k.kksa dh oa'kkxfr&tks y{k.k mi;ksx ds dkj.k vkrs gSa os vxyh ih<+h esa lapfjr dj fn;s tkrs gSaA
fojks/µ(i) mtys pwgksa ij iwN¡ dkVus dk iz;ksx ftls foteSu us fd;k FkkA ;gk¡ iwN ¡ dh vuqifLFkfr vxyh ih<+h esa ugha tk ldhA
(ii) d.kZ os/u dk lapj.k ugha gksukA
(iii) phuh vkSjrksa ds }kjk yksgs dk twrk iguuk rkfd iSj NksVk gks ldsA
(iv) lhvjphu vaMksa esa d`f=ke vfu"kspdtuu vxyh ih<+h rd ugha tk ldhA
MkfoZfuTe ds fl¼kar ls ftjkiQ dk yack xnZu le>k tk ldrk gSA yacs xnZu dk p;fur iQk;nk gS] vr% /hjs&èkhjs NksVs xnZu
okys ftjkiQ xk;c gks x;sA
lg;ks xµ cgqr lkjs iz;ksx fd;s x;s ysfdu bls iw.kZr;k lgh ugha dgk tk ldrkA
(a) eSdMkWxy us pwgksa ij HkwyHkqy; S k iz;ksx fd;k vkSj ik;k fd lh[k vxyh ih<+h esa lapfjr gks jgh gSA vxj vkSj mlds
lg;skfx;ksa us bldk [kaMu fd;kA
(b) leuj us pwgs ds yacs iwNksa ij rkih; izsj.k dk iz;ksx fd;kA rkiØe teZ dksf'kdkvksa dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gS vr% ;g
fu;e dk vPNk mnkgj.k ugha gSA
(c) dSejj us lkyeSUMj esa o.kZdksa ij iz;ksx fd;k ysfdu mlus pkbuk&L;kgh dk iz;ksx vius ckrksa dks Li"V djus ds fy, fd;kA
(d) X;qbj rFkk LekbFkµuj pwgksa esa ysaUl ds pkjksa vksj dk f'kjksNsnu dj fn;k vkSj lkekU; eknk pwgksa ds lkFk bldk iztuu
djk;kA ,slk ekuk x;k fd ysUl dk izfrtu izfrj{kh cuk;k tks fd Mh-,u-,- ls izfrØ;k dj va/kiu iSnk fd;kA vkj ,u , ls Mh-,u-,- dk
cuuk fjolZ Vªkla ØhiVst ,Utkbe ls laHko gSA vxj izkVs hu ls vkj ,u , dk fuekZ.k laHko gqvk rks ,slk gksuk lp gks ldrk gSA
fjolZ Vªka l fØIVs t µizfrj{kh (izksVhu)&&&&&&&&&&&vkj-,u-,- &&&&&&&&&Mh ,u ,
Bio-[ 11 ]
Lamarck was French Soldier turned Bank Employee turned Medical practitioner turned Naturalist and is
known for complete theory of evolution. He discussed this in his important publication - Philosophic Zoologique (1809)
Postulates of Lamarck : There are 4 postulates
(a) Growth Principle :- Internal forces of life tend to increase size of the organism.
(b) Change in environment and formation of organ–To fulfil new demands created by
environmental change individuals develop new organs at their will.
(c) Use and disuse of organ :- Organs develop by use and atrophy by disuse.
This is supported by following examples :
(i) LOSS of limbs in snakes..
(ii) Both eyes single-sided in flat-fish.
(iii) Vestigeal organs in animals due to disuse.
(iv) Lengthening of neck in Giraffe to reach to the leaves of tall plants.
(d) Inheritance of Acquired character :- Characters developed by use (acquired character) are transmit-
ted to next generation.
OBJECTIONS :
(i) Mutilation experiments by Weismann in which loss of tail in white rats is not transmitted,
(ii) Boring of ear not transmitted.
(iii) Wearing of Iron shoes by Chinese women to shorten their feet.
(iv) Artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchin eggs are not followed in later generation
(v) Inheritance of all characters mentioned in use & disuse can be explained scientifically on the basis of
Darwinism. Neck of Giraffe was lengthened because populations with long-neck had selective advantage over those
who had no long-necks Thus gradually long-necked Giraffe replaced short-necked Giraffe.
Support–Many experiments have been conducted but none is upto the mark.
(a) McDougall conducted experiment on maze-leaming in rats and found that learning is transmitted. It has
been contradicted by Agar et. al.
(b ) Sumner conducted experiment on thermal induction of long tails in rats. Temper ature effects germ cells
also hence it is not an example of the law.
(c) Kammerer conducted experiment on pigmentation in Salamanders but he used china-ink to prove his points.
(d) Lysenko conducted experiment on wheat cultivation in Russia and damaged us economy.
(e) Guyer & Smyth punctured vessels around lens in male rats and bred it with normal female rats. Many of
the progeny were blind. It is claimed that the lens antigen induced antibody formation which reacted with its respec-
tive DNA to bring about blindness-RNA to DNA is possible through reverse transcriptase. If protein to RNA be-
comes true this can happen .
13. DNA dk okVlu ,oa fØdekWMy (Waston and Cricks Model of DNA)—bjfou pkjxkiiQ (Erwin Chargaff) rFkk
jkstkfy.M izQ¡dfyu (Rosalind Franklin) o ekWfjl fcfYdUl (Morris Wilkins) }jk ,df=kr rF;ksa ds vk/kj ij tsEl okVlu
(James Watson)] izQkafll fØd (Francis Crick) vkSj fcyfdUl (Wilkins) us lu~ 1953 esa DNA v.kq dh lajpuk dk f=kfoe
ekWMy (three-dimensional model) izLrqr fd;kA blds fy, mUgasa lu~ 1962 esa ukscy s iqjLdkj izkIr gqvkA okVlu ,oa fØd }kjk
izLrqr DNA dh f}dq.Mfyr lajpuk esa vxzfyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ Fkhaµ
1. DNA v.kq nks ikWyhU;wfDyvksVkbM kÜ [ à kykvksa (Polynucleotide chains) dk cuk gksrk gS tks ,d v{k ds pkjksa vksj lfiZykdkj Øe
(spiral manner) esa nf{k.korZ (clockwise) dq.Mfyr gksrh gSAa bl izdkj DNA v.kq eas nks gsfyDl (double helix) gksrh gSAa
2. nksuksa ikWyhU;wfDyvksVkbM Ükà[kyk foijhr fn'kk esa dq.Mfyr ;k izfrlekukUrj (antiparallel) gksrh gSa vFkkZr~ bu Üka`[kykvksa
ds 'kdZjk iQkLiQsV naM (sugar phosphate backbone) dh /zqokRed fn'kk,¡ (polarities) izfreq[k (opposite) gksrh gSaA ,d
ikWyhU;wfDyvksVkbM Üka`[kyk essa 'kdZjk ds dkcZu 5’ → 3’fn'kk esa rFkk nwljh ds 3’ → 5’ fn'kk esa gksrs gaAS
3.izR;sd dq.Myh esa vusd U;wfDyvksVkby Üka`[kykc¼ gksrs gSaA
4. izR;sd U;wfDyvksVªkbM esa ukbVªkstuh {kkjd MhvkWDlhjkbckst (deoxyribose) uked iapdkcZuh 'kdZjk (pent.ose sugar) rFkk
iQkLiQksfjd vEy (phosphoric acid) dk ,d&,d v.kq gksrk gSA blesa ukbVªkstuh {kkjd dk MhvkWDlhjkbckst 'kdZjk ls vUnj dh vksj
C1 dkcZu ls rFkk iQkLiQsV v.kq blds ckgj dh vksj C5 dkcZu ls layXu gksrk gSA
Bio-[ 12 ]
5. ,d Ükà[kyk ds lHkh U;wfDyvksVkbM~l ds 'kdZjk v.kq iQkLiQsV v.kqvksa }kjk tqM+s jgrs
gSaA buds chp 5’→ 3’ iQkLiQksMkb,LVj cU/ (Phosphodiester bond) gksrs gSaA
6. nksuksa dq.Mfyfu;ksa (helix) ds U;wfDyvksVkbM~l Hkh vkil esa tqM+s jgrs gSaA buds
ukbVªkstuh {kkjdksa ds chp nqcZy (weak) gkbMªkstu cU/ (Hydrogen bond) gksrs gSaA
7. DNA dh nksuksa ukbVªkstuh Ükà[kykvksa esa I;wjhu rFkk fifjfeMhu (Purin and
pyrimidine) dh ek=kk cjkcj gksrh gS D;ksafd ,d Ükà[kyk ds I;wjhu {kkjd nwljh Üka`[kyk ds
fifjfeMhu {kkjd ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA vFkkZr~ ;fn ,d Üka`[kyk esa ,Msuhu (A) gS rks nwljh Üka`[kyk
esa blds lEeq[k Fkkbehu (T) gksxk vkSj lk;Vkslhu (C) ds lEeq[k Xokuhu (G) gksxkA ;g
pkjxkiQ dh /kj.kk% A = T, G = C ;k I;wjhu = fifjfeMhu dh iqf"V djrk gSA
8. ,Msuhu (adenine) o Fkkbehu (thymine) ds chp nks gkbMªkstu cU/ (double
hydrogen bond) rFkk lk;Vkslhu (cytosine) o Xokuhu (guanine) ds chp rhu gkbMªkstu
cU/ (triple hydrogenbond) gksrs gSaA
9. DNA dh nksuksa Üka`[kykvksa ds chp 20 Å gksrk gSA
10. ,d gh kÜ [ à kyk ds fdUgha nks U;wfDyvksVkbM ;qxyksa ds chp 3.4 Å dh nwjh gksrh gSA
11. gsfyDl dk ,d pDDj 37Å ds vUrj ij iw.kZ gksrk gS vr% izR;sd pDdj esa 10
U;wfDyvksVkbM tksfM+;k¡ gksrh gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd nks U;wfDyvksVkbM tksfM+;ksa ds chp dh nwjh
3.4 Å ;k 0.34 nm gksrh gSA
12. f}dq.Mfyuh (double helix) dh vkd``fr ,saBh gqbZ lfiZy lh<+h (twisted or spiral
staircase) ds leku gksrh gSaA 'kdZjk iQkLiQsV lewgksa ds iQkLiQksMkb,LVj cU/ksa ds tqM+us ls cuh nksuksa Üka`[kyk,¡ lh<+h ds ik'oZ n.Mksa
ds leku gksrh gSa vkSj buds chp gkbMªkstu cU/ksa }kjk tqM+s nksuksa {kkjdksa dh tksfM+;k¡ lh<+h ds ixn.Mksa (rungs) ds leku gksrh gSaA
13. dq.Myhdj.`k ds dkj.k DNA v.kq dh iwjh yEckbZ esas y?kq [kk¡ps (minor gooves) rFkk nh?kZ [kk¡ps (major grooves) ik;h
tkrh gSaA
14. DNA esa 'kdZjk rFkk iQkLiQsV v.kq leku vuqikr esa gksrs gSaA
Structure of DNA. DNA is long double chain on duplex ‘molecule’ formed of millions of deoxyribonucleotides.
Length of DNA is characteristic of prganism and its chromosomes. Bacteriophage Φ ×
174 has 5386 nucleotides. Bacteriophage lambda possesses DNA saving all502 base
pairs (bp). Escherichia coil has DNA consisting of 4.6 × 10º bp. A single genome, con-
sisting of 23 chromosomes, possesses 3.165 10º bp in case of human beings. Single-
stranded DNA molecules occur in some viruses, e.g., coliphage Φ × 174.
DNa duples has a diameter of 20Å. The duplex is cliled plectonemically in a right
handed manner just as a tope stair is twisted to form a spiral. This coiling produces
alternate major (length 22 Å) and minor (length 12 Å) genoves. Face turn of spiral has a
distance of 34 Å. This length contains 10 deoxyribonucleoudes in each chain so that the
average distance between adjacent deoxyribonucleotides is 3.4 Å.
Four types of ..accur in DNA—dAMP (deoxyadenoine monophosphate). dGMP
(deoxyguanosine monophosphate), dCMP (deoxycytidine monophosphate) and dtM1
(deoxythymidine monophoa phate) Each de .....is further formed of three components—
deoxyribose sugar (C5H10O4), phosphoric acid and nitrogen base. Nitrogen bases differ.
In the four types of deoxynbomcleoudes. Two of them are ...(A0 and gunnine (G). The
remaining two are 6-membered singel ring pyrimidines, cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
Out of the three components of a deoxyribonucleotide, sugar deoxyribose and
phosphorie acid form the back-bone of DNA strand while nitrogen base lies at right
Bio-[ 13 ]
angles to it. The back-bone is formed of alternate phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-residues. The nitrogen bases
project at right angles to the back-bone from the region of sugar residues. Since there are two strands of DNA, the
nitrogen bases of the two strands come to lie opposite each other and develop hydrogenbonds between.
The Nitrogen bases are attached in ..1 of douxye ...sugar though, a glyousidie bond (C—N—C) by either their
N-1 (in case of pyrimidine cytosine or thymine) or N-9 (in case of purine adenine or guanine) regions Deoxyribose
sugar is bonded to phosphate radieal of its nucleotide at its carbon 3’. A phosphodiester linkage (two ester formations
by same phosphate radical) is ...between sugar rosidues of adjacent nucleotides. In one chain of the DNA duplex the
last deoxyribose of one end has its carbon 5' free while in the other chain the last deoxyribose of this end has its
carbon3' free. The ..of the other and of the doplex is feverse. The direction of nucleoude chain is 5' Å → 3' in one and
3' → 5' in the other chain.
Nitrogen bases of the two chains lying opposite to each other are not similar but complementary wwith adenine
of one lying opposite thymine of the other and cytosine of one opposite guanine of the other. The opposite and
complementary nitrogen bases are held together by hydrogen bonds, two between A and T (at positions 1→3, 6→4)
and there between C and G (at positions 1→4, 2→6 and 6→2). Two types of forces stabilise the duplex and hold the
two DNA chains together : (i) Hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogen bases of the two chains (ii)
Hydropholie internetions between nitrogen bases. The latter are also kept stacked inside the helix whie the polar
groups are kept on the outside in contact with water.
Base Pairing. It is the pairing formed in DNA double helix between purine of one strand and pyrimidine of the
second strand. Base pairing is specifie with adenine lying opposite thymine and cytosine occurring opposite guanine.
A proper base pairing is required for two purposes. (i) The two DNA strands can remain exactly paralled only when
the space between them remains uniform. Presens of two purines as base pair will make the DNA double helix wide
due to bulging out while two pyrimidines as base pair will make the duples non rows (ii) Spase between the two DNA
strands of the duplex is 20Å. The one available for the two nitrogen bases is about 11Å. It can accommodate neither
two paurines, nor two pyrimidines. The space is sufficient for one pyriminline and one putine with a small area in
between for forming hydrogen bonds. (iii) Only adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine base paire have proper apatial
arrangements and configurations to develop hydrogen bonds, two between A and T and three between C and G.
Antiparallel strands. The two strands of DNA duplex are parallel but are oriented in opposite directions. Such
strands are called antiparallel. The 5' end of one strand lies opposite 3' end of the other. In one all and the ...I direction
while in the other strand the nucleotides ,
14. e/q e D[khikyu (Apiculture) 'kgn ds O;kikfjd mRiknu gsrq e/qefD[k;ksa ds O;kid iky (mass rearing) dk
eèkqefD[k;ksa (Apiculture) dgrs gSaA Hkkjr esa ;g ,d izeq[k dqVhj m|ksx gSaA
e/qeD[kh dh iztkfr;k¡ (Species of Honey Bees)—e/qeD[kh la?k vkFkzkWiksMk (Arthropoda) ds oxZ bUlsDVk (Insecta) dh
dhV gSA e/qefD[k;ksa dh dqN tkfr;ksa dks ns'kt rFkk dqN dks fons'kt :i esa tkuk tkrk gSa
Bio-[ 14 ]
(A) ns ' kt tkfr;k¡ (Indigenous Species)—
(i) ,fil ba f Mdk (Apis indica)— ;g lkekU;r% Hkkjrh; e/qeD[kh dgykrh gSA ;g
Hkkjr esa lkekU; :i ls ik;h tkrh gSA bls vklkuh ls ikyrw cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
(ii) ,fil Ýyks j h (Apis florae)— ;g lkekU;r;k NksVh e/qeD[kh dgykrh gSA ;g
cgqr vklkuh ls ikyrw cukbZ tk ldrh gS fdUrq blls mRiknu cgqr de gksrk gSA
(iii) ,fil MksjlsVk (Apis dorsata) — bls lkekU;r;k igkM+h eD[kh (rock bee) ;k
cM+h eD[kh (giant bee) dgrs gSAa ;g vf/d 'kgj mRiknu djus okyh gksrh gSa fdUrq bls vklkuh ls ikyrw ugha cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
(B) fons ' k tkfr;k¡ (Exotic Species) :
,fil es yhiQs j k (Apis mellifera)— ;g lkekU;r;k bVkfy;u eD[kh (Italian bee) dgykrh gSA ikyrw izkd`fr] mPp 'kgn
mRikndrk] vf/d moZj v.M mRiknu] de >q.M esa jgus okyh vkSj vf/d lqj{kk izfØ;k xq.k ;qDr gksus ds dkj.k bl iztkfr dks
vf/d ize[q krk nh tkrh gSA
e/qeD[kh dh fofHkUu Lrj efD[k;k¡ e/qeD[khikyu dk egRo (Importance of Apiculture)—e/qeD[kh ikyu ds
fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSaµ
1. e/q e D[kh ds mRikn (Bee Products)—e/qeD[kh ls fuEufyf[kr mRikn izkIr gksrs gSaµ
(i) 'kgn (Honey)—;g Jfedksa }kjk mRikfnr ehBs Lokn dk ,d xk<+k rjy inkFkZ gS tks jaxghu vFkok xgjs cknkeh jax dk
gksrk gSA 'kgn dk jklk;fud laxBu fuEu izdkj gksrk gSµ
la x Bu (Constituents) iz fr'kr (Percentage)
ty 17
izQDVkst (ysO;qykst) 38
Xywdkst 32
lqØkst 1.3
vU; 'kdZjk,¡ 9
vEy 0.17
,s'k 0.64
,Utkbe] foVkfeu] jax] yo.k vkfn 2.92
'kgn vR;f/d iks"kdeku okyk inkFkZ gSA blesa vf/d vkS"k/hu xq.k ik;s tkrs gSaA bldk iz;ksx vusd jksxksa ,oa [kk| inkFkks
esa fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii) e/q e D[kh eks e (Bee Wax)—bldk iz;ksx lkSUn;Z izlk/uksa] isUV~l] ysi] ikWfy'k cukus rFkk ekbØksVksuh esa fd;k tkrk gSA\
(ii) e/q e D[kh fo"k (Bee Venom) —;g vusd izdkj ds jksxksa tSlsµxkmV rFkk vkFkkZjkbfVl esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(iv) jkW ;y tS y h (Royal Jelly)—;g ân; jksxh ,oa cPpksa dh o`f¼ ds fy, VkWfud cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
2. e/qeD[kh ,d ljy dhV&ijkx.k dkjd Hkh gS vr% buds NÙkksa (hives) dks iQly ds :i esa yxkrs gSaA
3. e/qeD[kh ikyu ls fdlkuksa dks vfrfjDr vkenuh gksrh gSA
4. e/qeD[kh ikyu esa vf/d Je ugha djuk iM+rk gSA
'kgn dh vf/d mRikndrk ds fy, izcU/u (Management for High Yields for Honey)— e/qeD[kh ikyu izcU/u esa
os lHkh pj.k lfEefyr fd;s tkrs gSa tks e/qefD[k;ksa u;s j[k&j[kko] fiatM+k rS;kj djus] 'kgn dh gkosfZ LaVx] u;s NÙks dk fuekZ.k vkfn
ls lEcfU/r gksrs gSaA
1. e/q e D[kh Hkks t u (Bee Forage) —blesa os lHkh ikS/s lfEefyr gSa ftuls e/qefD[k;ksa dks ijkx ,oa edjUn (pollen and
nectar) i;kZIr ek=kk esa izkIr gks tk;s tSls—vke] ukfj;y] cknke] beyh] cjlhe] yhph] lsc] eNqvk] /fu;k¡] dikl] dktw] dkWiQh]
Bio-[ 15 ]
'kh'ke] ljlksa] ve:n] jcj IykaV] lw;Zeq[kh vkfnA bu ikS/ksa ds ijkx e/qefD[k;ksa ds fy, izksVhu eqDr vkgkj gksrs gSa rFkk edjUn 'kgn
dk la?kVd gksrk gSA
2. e/q e D[kh dk NÙkk (Bee Hive)—;g ydM+h dk cuk nqeaftyk cDlk gksrk gS ftlesa nks d{k gksrs gSaA fupys rhu&pkSM+kbZ
fgLls esa tuu d{k gksrk gS tcfd mQij ,d&pkSFkkbZ Hkkx esa 'kgn d{k gksrk gSA nksuksa d{kksa dks ,d&nwljs ls i`Fkd~ fd;k tk ldrk
gSA nksuksa d{kksa ds eè; jkuh viotZd (Queen exeluder) yxk jgrk gSA ;g cDlk ,d LVS.M ij j[kk tkrk gS ftlds ik;ksa dks
dVksjksa (bowls) esa ty Hkjd j[kk tkrk gS ftlls phafV;k¡ v.Mksa dks u"V u dj ldsaA
fupys Hkkx esa O;ofLFkr cM+s vkdkj ds tuu d{k (brood chamber) esa mQèookZ/j fLFkfr esa 5 ls 10 pkS[kVsa (frames)
,d&nwljs ls 0.96 lseh ds vUrj ij j[ks tkrs gSAa izR;sd izQse esa rkjksa dh lgk;rk ls ekseh NÙkk/kj (combfoundation) yxk;k tkrk
gS ftlesa cus "kV~dks.kh; fu'kkuksa (Hexangonal impressions) dks vk/kj cukdj Jfed NÙks dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA ;s NÙks dh nksuksa
fn'kkvksa esa cuk;s tkrs gSaA
mQijh Hkkx O;ofLFkr NksVs vkdkj ds 'kgn d{k (honey chamber) esa Hkh tuu d{k dh rjg NÙkk/j ;qDr pkS[kVsa yxh jgrh
gSa ijUrq bu pkS[kVksa dh xgjkbZ de gksrh gSA
tuu d{k esa NksVk izo's k fNnz gksrk gSa ftlds }kjk ,d le; esa ,d gh e/qeD[kh izo's k dj ldrh gSa ;k ckgj fudy ldrh gSAa
'kgn d{k dks mQij ls nks vkoj.kksa }kjk <¡dk tkrk gSA vUnj okys vkoj.k esa vusd fNnz gksrs gSa ftuds }kjk LoPN ok;q lapkfjr
gksrh jgrh gSA mQij okyk vkoj.k frjNk ;k <kyw gksrk gS tks o"kkZ gksus ij ty vUnj ugha tkus nsrkA
3. e/q e D[kh ikyus dk LFkku (Location of Apiary)— vf/d mRiknu dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, vusd fiatM+s ,sls LFkku ij
O;ofLFkr fd;s tkrs gSa tgk¡ izkd`frd iq"iksa dh Hkjekj gksrh gS vkSj mlds 1 ls 2 fdeh ds {ks=k esa vf/d ls vf/d iq"i ;qDr gksrs
ikS/s gksaA
4. 'kgn cuus dh Írq (Honey Flow Season)—'kgn dk mRiknu bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd fiatM+s okys LFkku ij
fdrus le; ds fy, iq"i ;qDr ikS/s miyC/ jgsA e/qefD[k;ksa dk edjUn ,d=k djus ds fy, ftruk vf/d le; feyrk gS] 'kgn
mRiknu mruk gh vf/d gksrk gSA izk;% olUrq Írq esa ikS/ksa esa vis{kkd`r vf/d iq"iu gksrk gSA vr% 'kgn fuekZ.k ds fy, ;g vPNk
le; gksrk gSA
5. Lokfe± x (Swarming)—;g og izfØ;k gS ftlessa iqjkuh jkuh eD[kh dqN Jfedksa ,oa MªksUl ds lkFk iqjkuh dkWyksuh dks
NksM+dj ubZ dkWyksuh cukus ds fy, >q.M ds lkFk fudy iM+rh gSA ;g izk;% ir>M+ ;k lnhZ izkjaHk gksus ij gksrk gSSA vf/d Lokfe±x
dk 'kgn mRiknu ij cqjk izHkko gksrk gSA vr% vf/d Lokfe±x ugha gksus nsuh pkfg,A
6. 'kgn fu"d"kZ d (Honey Extractor)—;g ,d ?kM+k cDk gksrk gS ftlds vUnj rd tkyhnkj fMCck yxk jgrk gS ftls
Mªe ds ckgj yxh ,d p[khZ }kjk ?kqek;k tkrk gSA Mªe dh iasnh ds vUnj dh vksj mHkjh jgrh gS rFkk 'kgn ckgj fudkyus ds fy,
,d VksaVh Hkh yxh jgrh gSA vUnj ds tkyhnkj fMCcs esa 'kgn ls Hkjs NÙks dks j[kdj fMCcksa dks ?kqek;k tkrk gS ftlls vidsUnzh cy
ds dkj.k d{kksas ls 'kgn ckgj vkdj tkyh ls gksrk gqvk Mªe esa ,df=kr gks tkrk gSA
Apiculture or bee keeping is the rearing, care and management of honey bees for obtaining honey and was.
The place were honey bees are reared is called apiary. The workers engaged in bee keeping are called bee keepers,
apiaalsts of aplenltuists.
Four species of Honey Been occur in India. One of them is exotic and is normally grown only in been boses or
artifical hives. It is Apis mellifera (Italian an Fumpean Bee) It vields good quality and quantity of honey Other three
species are Indian. They are A. dorsata (Rock Bee), A. indica (Idian Oriental
Bee) and A. Florea (Little Bee). Honey Bee belongs to family apidae of order
hymenoptera, class insecta. Rock Bee (Apis dorsata) is the largest. It occurs
only in the wild. Apis indica is docile bee which occurs both in the wild as well as
in domesticated state Apis florea (Little Bee) is low viehiling speeies.
Honey Bee is social, colonial and polymorphic insect. It lives in nests called
hives. Hives usually hang down from under surface of tree branches, roof of
eayes balconies and extensions of buildings where they are safe from their chenies.
Bio-[ 16 ]
A natural hive on nest of Honey Bee consists of a vertical sheet of wax having a number of hexagonal cells on its
sides for rearing young ones (brood cells), storing honey (storage cells), royal chamber and chambers for worker
bees. Honey Bee has three castes or types of bees gravid female in queen, males or drones and workers.
Queen secretes an antiqueen substance or pheromone from its mandibular glands. It inhibits the worker bees to
build any brood chamber for future queen of feed any ... royal jully. Queen receives all the sperms if requires for its
life time duirng nuptial flight. the same are stored in spermatheca. Eggs take about 3 weeks to hatch. At times the
colony overgrows. At this time the queen stops secreting antiqueen substance, so that a new queen can be reared. As
soon as the new queen is ready for its nuptial flight, the old queen along with numerous workers quit the hive. The old
queen and its workers seule down at a safe place and build up a new hive.
An artifical hive or bee box has a brood chamber, 1-2 smaller honey chambers, a lid at the top a a lit like
platform for cait or entry of worker bees at the base and a stand with legs kept in water for protection against ants.
Honey frames are taken out and placed in centrituge the frames are replaced. While taking out honey frames, the bee
keeper must cover every exposed part carefully to avoid possible attack by honey bees.
Bee keeping is quite easy as it does not require much care. Beehives can be kept at one's convenience, even in
courtyard, or verandah or roof. Some specialised knowledge is required which is imparted by agriculture extension
services and several other organisations. It is important to know :
(i) Nature and habits of bees. (ii) A proper location for beehive where bees are not disturbed. (iii) Technique to
catch and hive swarms. (iv) Management requirement for different seasons. (v) Filling of honey frames. (vi) Tech-
nique to extract honey and bees wax.
Economic Importance
1. Honey. It is a near neutral aromatic sweet syrup having 17—25% water, 70—80% sugars, 3.3% minerals
and vitamins (B1, B6, C and D). Sugars include laevulose (L-fructose, 41%), glucose (35%), ..........................
(1.9%) and destrini (1.5%)
(i) Honey is a natural sweetener.
(ii) It is laxative, expectorant and blood purifier.
(iii) Honey is a tonic and immediate source of energy. It is good for children and convalescing persons.
(iv) It is used in preparation of honey biscuits and honey bread.
2. Bees Wax. It is secretion of worker bees from their wax glands. Bees wax is used in cosmetics, creams,
ointments, paints and polishes. Candles are only occasionally produced because bees wax tends to crack in cold. The
candles are, however, smokeless.
3. Bee Venom. Venom from sting is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Propolis. It is resin derived from plants (axillary buds). Propolis has antiseptic and antibiotic properties.
5. Pollination. The biggest u se of Honey Bee is that it is the major pollinator of many crop plants, e.g.,
Sunflower, Brassica, Apple, Pear. Keeping beehives in or near fields during flowering of crop plants increases polli-
nation efficiency, crop yield as well as yield of honey.
15. ty iz nw "k.k (Water Pollution)—^^fdlh Hkh inkFkZ dh ty esa feykoV ;k ty ds HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud y{k.kksa
dk ifjorZu fdlh Hkh :i esa tks blds mfpr dk;ks± (legitimate purposes) ds fy, mi;ksx esa vUrj{ksi djrk gS** ty iznw"k.k
dgykrk gSA
iwohZ esa yxHkx 1.35 D;wfcd fdyksehVj ty gS ftldk 97% ty leqnkz sa esa gSA LFkyh; ty dk eq[; lzksr o"kkZ gSA ,d vuqeku
ds vuqlkj o"kkZ dk yxHkx 27% ty cgdj leqnkz sa esa igq¡p tkrk gS tcfd yxHkx 72 izfr'kr ty okf"ir gks tkrk gSA ty dh vYi
ek=kk gh /hjs&/hjs fjldj xq#Roh; ty curh gSA lrgh ty esa lw{e ek=kk esa fuyfEcr d.k gksrs gS]a tSlµ s dkcZfud o vdkcZfud
inkFkZ] lw{etho bR;kfnA bu inkFkks± dh vf/d lkUnzrk ds dkj.k ty iznwf"kr gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa ty iznw"k.k ,d LokLF; ?kkrd leL;k
gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 50—60% turk ty&tfur jksxksa ds dkj.k d"Ve; gS vkSj yxHkx 30—40% e`R;q iznwf"kr ty
ds dkj.k gksrh gSaA
16.4.3 ty iznw"k.k ds nq"izHkko (III-effects of Water Pollution)
Bio-[ 17 ]
A. dkcZ fud vif'k"Vks a ,oa ?kjs yw okfgr ey ds iz Hkkoµ
1. lw{etho dkcZfud inkFkks± ds vi?kVu esa vkWDlhtu dk iz;ksx djrs gSa ftlls ty esa fMvkWDlhftus'ku gks tkrk gS tks 'kSoky
LiqQVu dks mRiszfjr djrk gSA ;g vok;ohdj.k lM+h xU/ mRiUu djrk gS vkSj ty iz;ksx djus yk;d ugha jgrk gSA
2. okfgrey thok.kqvksa (LIkQhjksfVyl] csftvkVksvk] bZ'psfjfp;k)] dodksa (E;wdj Ý;wtsfj;e] ysIVksfeyl)] gjs 'kSokyksa
(DysekbMkseksukl] DysMksiQksl)] vkWflysVksfj;k o uhys&gjs 'kSoky rFkk lhost lfg".kq ikS/ksa (iQksUVhusfyl] iksVkeksthnku]) izkVs kstksvUl
(iSjkehf'k;e] dksfYifM;e] Xyksdksek) vkfn dh fØ;kvksa dks mn~nhfir djrs gSaA
3. iQkWLiQsV fMVtsZUV Hkh 'kSoky o`f¼ dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA
4. jksxtud lUnwf"kr ty fofHkUu izdkj ds tyks<+ jksxksa tSl—s dksyjs k] ihfy;k] VkbiQkWbM] isfp'k] fgisVkbfVl vkfn mRiUu djrk gSA
B. ty es a vkS |ks fxd vif'k"Vks a ds iz H kko —
1. edZjh] vklsZfud ,oa lhls ds ;kSfxd U;wjksVkWfDld izd`fr ds gksrs gSaA tSls vklsZfud dh yEcs le; ls mifLFkfr ls CySd
iqQV jksx gksrk gSA vklsZfud Mk;fj;k] isjhiQsjy U;wjkbfVl] iqQÝiqQl ,oa Ropk dSUlj vkfn mRiUu djrk gSA edZjh tSls fd feFkkby
edZjh U;wjksVkWfDlds.V gS vkSj Lej.k {kh.krk] n`f"V vfu;ferrk vkfn djrk gSA
2. feFkkby edZjh feuhekrk jksx mRiUu djrk gSA
3. ,LcsLVl js'ks ,DcsLVksfll mRiUu djrs gSa ;g ,d izdkj dk iqQÝiqQl dSUlj gksrk gSA
4. dSMfe;u iznw"k.k ls tkiku esa bVbZ&bVbZ (Itai-itai) jksx ik;k x;k Fkk tks dSaMfe;e lUnwf"kr pkoy ds iz;ksx djus ls gqvkA
5. ukbVªsV (90 ppm ls vf/d) lk;uksfll ;k Cyw csch mRiUu djrk gSA
6. ÝyqvksjkbM nUr isLV dk vf/d iz;ksx LDysVy Ýyqvksjksfll ;k ukWd Hkh uh fMlhl (skeletal fluorosis or knock knee
disease) dks tUe nsrk gS ftlesa tksM+ ,oa gfM~M;k¡ l[r ,oa dVksj gks tkrs gSaA Hkkjr ds 13 jkT; ihus ds ikuh esa ÝyqvksjkbM dh
mPp lkUnzrk (1.5 ppm vf/d) ys jgs gSaA Ýyqvksjksfll iqjkus tksM+ dk nnZ] vkfFkzfVd y{k.k rFkk Luk;qvksa ds dSYlhdj.k ds fy eq[;
:i ls ftEesnkj gSA
7. rsyh; rjy cgko tyh; thoksa vkSj eNfy;ksa dks ekj nsrk gSA
8. lhlk fo"kkDrrk vfrlfØ;rk] Lej.k {kfr ,oa ,uhfe;k mRiUu djrk gSA
9. lsysfu;e o`f¼ dks jksd nsrk gSA Hkw[k de djrk gS vkSj tUrqvksa esa ikpu vfu;ferrk,¡ mRiUu djrk gSA
10. mQ"eh; ty iznw"k.k ds dkj.k tyh; thoksa ij cqjk vlj gksrk gSA
1. vif'k"V ty dk mipkj (Treatment of Waste Water)µloZiFz ke iznwf"kr ty dks okfgrey mipkj la;U=k essa ys tk;k
tkrk gSA blesa vkS|ksfxd ,oa uxjh; vif'k"V ty dks izokgh mipkj la;U=k (Effluent Trentment Plant; ETP) }kjk mipkfjr djds
tyk'k;ksa esa izokfgr dj fn;k tkrk gSA ETP esa vif'k"V ty dk vxz izdkj ls mipkj fd;k tkrk gSµ
(i) iz k Fkfed mipkj (Primary Treatment)—;g ty esa fuyfEcr inkFkks± (suspended particles) dks HkkSfrd vFkok
;kfU=kd fof/ ls fudkyus dh izfØ;k gSA bl mipkj esa v?kqyu'khy d.k;qDr inkFkks± dks Nkudj] vo{ksfir djkdj ;k uhps cSBkdj
gVk fn;k tkrkgSA
(ii) f}rh;d mipkj (Secondary Treatment)—izkFkfed mipkfjr fd;k x;k ty vc vkWDlhtu ,oa ok;qoh; lw{ethoksa
ds lEidZ esa yk;k tkrk gSA ;s dkcZfud inkFkks± dk vi?kVu djds vgkfudkjd CO2 o H2O esa rksM+ nsrs gSAa blesa thok.kqvksa dks
ekjus ds fy, iqu% Dyksfjuhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA blesa nks fof/;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSµ
(a) fVªdfya x fiQYVj fof/ (Trickling Filter Method)—f}rh;d mipkj ds fy, Vidus okyk fiQYVj (trickling filter)
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa izkFkfed mipkj ds ckn ty dks cw¡n&cw¡n djds thok.kq ;qDr ck;ksfiQYe (Biofilm) ij fxjk;k tkrk
gSA ck;ksfiQYe iRFkj ds VqdM+ksa dk cuk gksrk gSA tSfod vi?kVu ds iQyLo:i ck;ksfiQYe] ck;ksekl rFkk CO2 curs gSaA mipkfjr
ty dks ck;ksekl lfgr ckgkj fudky fy;k tkrk gSA
Bio-[ 18 ]
(b) ,DVhcs V s M Lyt fof/ (Activated Sludge Method)—blesa okfgr ty dks ck;qoh; VSad esa iEi fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa
Lyt (thok.kq o 'kSoky ls cuk) Hkh gksrk gSA thok.kq vf/dka'k dkcZfud inkFkks± dk vi?kVu djus esa l{ke gksrs gSa tcfd 'kSoky
bldks vkWDlhtu miyC/ djkrk gS ysfdu ty esa vc Hkh Hkkjr ek=kk esa ukbVªsV~l ,oa iQkLiQsV~l gksrs gSaA
(iii) r` r h;d mipkj (Tertiary Treatment)—blesas ukbVªsV~l ,oa iQkLiQsV yo.k vo{ksi.k rduhd }kjk vyx dj fn;s tkrs
gSaA blls ty dkiQh gn rd 'kq¼ gks tkrk gSA
2. vif'k"V dk iq u% mi;ks x vkS j iq u% pØ.k (Routilisationi and Recycling of Waste)— uxjh; ckfgrey] lLrh
b±/u xSl vkSj fo|qr mRiknu ds fy, iqu% pfØr fd;k tk ldrk gSA xkscj xSl la;U=k }kjk ty iznw"k.k dks jksdk ,oa mipkj fd;k
tk ldrk gSA dqN izeq[k fof/;k¡ fuEu gSaµ
(i) twV ds vif'k"Vksa ls gkMZcksMZ cuk;s tk ldrs gSaA
(ii) iqjkuh IykfLVd dk iz;ksx iqu% pØ.k }kjk f[kykSus cukus eas fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(iii) dEiksfLaVx vf/dka'k jksxtudksa dks ekj nsrh gS vkSj idus ij xkscj [kkn cukrk gSA
(iv) ukfj;y ,oa vU; d`f"k vif'k"Vksa dk iz;ksx dkxt ,oa cksMZ cukus esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vr% ,sls inkFkks± dks ty lzksrksa esa ugha iQsaduk pkfg,A
3. ihM+ d ukf'k;ks a ,oa moZ j dks a ds iz ;ks x ij fu;U=k.k—ihM+dukf'k;ksa dh de ls de ek=kk dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,
rkfd ;s e`nk ij ugha cpsaA cgqr de LFkkbZ moZjdksa vkSj tho lgokldksa dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
4. tyh; gk;kflUFk (Aquatic Hyacinth)— tSfod ,oa jklk;fud iznw"kdksa dks gVkrk gSA ;g dqN Hkkjh /krqvksa tSlsµCd,
Hg, Pb ,oa Ni dks Hkh gVkrk gSA vr% bl ikS/s dks vf/d iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
5. O;q RØe ijklj.k (Reverse Osmosis)—bl rduhd esa [kkjs ty (brackish water) dks v[kfuthdj.k }kjk 'kq¼ fd;k
tkrk gSA blesa ty dks mPp nkc ij v¼Z&ikjxE; f>Yyh ls gksdj xqtkjk tkrk gSA
6. rkih; iz nw "k.k dks 'kq "d 'khru VkWo j rFkk vkæZ ' khru VkWo j (Wet cooling tower and dry cooling tower) yxkdj de
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
7. e` r iz kf.k;ks a dk fuLrkj.k ty es a ugha djuk pkfg,A
Water pollution is degradationi of quality of water due to addition of substant to be silo chemeals (e.g., metals,
Inorganic and Organic chemicals) of factors (e.g., heat) and depnvation that makes it a health hazard, unfit for human
use, use by animals and industries as well as growth of a quatic biota. Water pollutiojn is both natural and anthropo-
genic. (a) Natural Water Pollution. It is water pollution (b) Anthropogenic or Man-Made Pollution. It is water pollution
caused by human activities like industrial effluents, domestic sewage, waste from animal sheds and slaughter houses,
detergents, pesticides and fertilisers, oil spills, etc.
Water pollution is a serious problem in India. 50-60% of Indian population suffers from disorders and diseases
associated with it. 30-40% of all deaths are due to them. On the basis of their origin, sources of water pollution are of
two types, point and non-point.
Effects of Water pollution
Water pollution causes adverse changes in physical, chemical and bioligical characteristics of quatic ecosys-
tems as well as quality of ground water.
1. Changes in Physical Characteristics of Water. Pollutants change the quality of water by effecting its
taste, odour, colour, clarity, etc.
(i) Turbidity. Water becomes muddy or turbid due to suspensioni of mineral dust, silt and related collidal
particles. Turbidity hinders penetration of light. It causes clogging of gills in fishes. Therefore, 10th plant and animal
life is destroyed. Turbid water is also not suitable for drinking or inlustrial use.
Bio-[ 19 ]
(ii) Colour. Dyes, iron and chromium compounds, and anaerobic decomposition cause colouration of water.
The coloured water is not suitable for recreational, drinking and industrial uses.
(iii) Odour. Free chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, phenols, growth of algae and microorganisms produce
unpleasant odour.
(iv) Taste. It is impaired due to occurrence of pollutants like free chlorine, phenol, iron, manganese, detergents,
hydrocarbons, oils and decomposition products.
(v) Scum and Sludge. They are produced by organic wastes, especially H2S formed by them. The sulphide
combines with metallic ions and forms brownish or blackish substances that float over and inside water.
(vi) Foam. It develops over the surface of water due to mixing of detergents, soaps and alkalies. Foam makes
the water unfit for various human uses.
2. Effects on Aquatic Ecosystem. Pollutants affect the biotic community of the aquatic ecosystem either
directly or through depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO). The amount of dissolved oxygen depends upon (i) Surface
turbulence (ii) Photosynthetic activity (iii) Temperature (iv) Consumption by animals (v) Consumption by decompos-
ers. A healthy a quatic ecosystem has a dissolved oxygen (DO) content 14.0 mg/It. A DO content below 8 mg/It
indicates pollution. In heavily polluted waters, the DO content may fall below 4.0 mg/lt.
(i) Putrescibility–Domestic sewage or municipal waste water mainly consists of biodegradable organic wastes.
Putrescibility is the property of organic wastes in getting decomposed with the help of decomposer organisms.
Decomposer organisms involved in breakdown of organic matter are collectively called sewage fungus. It consists of
bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Beggiatoa), cyanobacteria (e.g., Oscillatoria, Microcystis), fungi (e.g., Mucor, Fusarium)
and green algae (e.g., diatoms, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus), Sewage contaminated water also has
blood worms and sludge worms at the bottom. A number of bacteria eating pollution tolerant protozoan protists (e.g.,
Colipidium, Paramecium) and some protozoan eating animals occur in such waters. Some plants can also tolerate a
good degree of sewage pollution, e.g., moss Fontinalis antipyretica and angiosperm potamogeton pectinatus.
For their activity decomposers requir oxygen. The amout of oxygen required for microbial breakdown of
organic matter is called biochemical oxygen demand. BOD or biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen
in milligrams required in 5 days for complete degradation of organic matter in one litre of water at 20ºC. Requirement
of less than 1500 mg/lt indicates low pollution, 1500-4000 mg/lt medium pollution and above 4000 mg/lt indicates high
organic pollution. As Do content is reduced, anaerobic breakdown begins with the help of anaerobic decomposers.
They produce pollutant by-products like ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, methane, organic sulphides, metallic sulphides,
etc. resulting in sludge and scum.
A related term to BOD is chemical oxygen demand. COD or chemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen
(mg/lt or ppm) required to oxidise the total reducing substances present in water. They include both biodegradable and
non-biodegradable substances. COD is generally measured with the help of potassium permanaganate or potassium
dichromate. Its value is higher than BOD. As the content of dissolved oxygen decreases, the amount of organic
wastes and toxic reducing chemicals accumulate. This results in elimination of sensitive organisms like plankton,
molluscs and fish. Such water bodies contain a few pollution tolerant animals like annelid Tubifex and insect larvae
like those of Chironomus. These animals are called pollution indicators. In such waters, green algae are replaced by
blue green algae.
It u ntreated domestic sewage is allowed to flow into a river, there will be immediate rise in BOD as the
decomposer microorganisms required a lot of oxygen. As a result, Do (dissolved oxygen) of water falls in the area of
sewage flow. Fish and other clean water organisms are killed. However, as organic matter is degraded, there is
increase in DO downstream. Fish and other cleanwater organisms reappear (Fig. 16.6)
(ii) Hot Water–Hot water is produced by thermal power plants, nuclear reactors and many industries. It is
poured into water bodies resulting in increase in temperature. Higher temperature reduces oxygen content of water,
Bio-[ 20 ]
e.g., 14 ppm at 0ºC and 6.4 ppm at 14ºC. There is increased BOD. Aerobic decomposition of organic matter is
stopped while anaerobic decomposition takes over. As a result there is increased organic loading which gives rise to
offensive odours, seum and sludge. Many fish are killed. Trouts eggs do not hatch while Salmon does not spawn at
temperature of 30ºC and above. Green algae are replaced by cyanobacteria.
3. Biomagnification (Bioconcentration)–Biomagnification or biological magnification is increase in concen-
tration of persistent pollutant (e.g., DDT) or other substances (e.g., toxic chemical, heavy metal) per unit weight of
the organism with the rise in trophic level. It is caused by non-utilisation of the substance in metabolism, accumulation
in fat and non-breakdown by decomposers. In one study in an island of USA where DDT was regularly sprayed for
a few years on water body for checking growth of mosquitoes, fish eating birds began to decline. Analysis of DDT
content in water and various organisms was carried out. Water body had a DDT concentration of 0.003 ppb, phy-
toplankton 2.5 parts per billion (0.002 ppm, 800 times concentration), zooplankton 40 ppb (= 0.04 ppm; 16 times
concentration over plhtoplankton), small fish 0.5 ppm (12 times over zooplankton), larger predatory fish 2.00 ppm (4.0
times the smaller fish) while the fish eating birds contained a DDT concentration of 25 ppm (a magnification of 12.5
times that of fish). There is total magnification of 8.3 million times. Due to the phenomenon of biomagnification, the
entry of non-biodegradable metals, toxins, pesticides and chemicals in food chains is highly dangerous. Extensive use
of DDT after World War-11 resulted in several disorders in higher tophic levels like thinning of egg shells, liver
cirrhosis, softening of brain. hypertension, cerebral haemorrhage, defective sex hormones, etc. Population of many
predator birds declined, e.g., Bald Eagle. Ultimately use of DDT was stopped. However, several other persistent
pestricides continue to be a use.
4. Eutrophication–It is a nutrient enrichment of water body resulting in increased growth of algae, other
plants and animals. Eutrophication is of two types, natural and cultural. Natural eutrophication occurs in all water
bodies but is so slow that it may not be noticeable within
our life time. Cultural or accelerated eutrophication is
caused by run-off of fertilizer rich agricultural fields and
discharge of sewage rich waste water into water bod-
ies. On decomposition organic wastes also release nutri-
ents. Nutrients cause profuse growth of planktoni algae
and higher plants. Algae, especially blue-green algae grow
in such abundance as to colour the surface water. It is
known as algal bloom. Bloom formation occurs both in
fresh water and sea water. The colour of the water de-
pends upon pigments present in algae. Bloom formation
reduces light to submerged plants which get killed. Or-
ganic loading increases which reduces contents of dis-
solved oxygen. Bloon forming blue-green algae also produce toxins which are extremely harmful to humans and
animals. Toxins and reduced oxygen content of water kill most of the aquatic animals, e.g., fish. There is loss of
species diversity. Due to increased organic loading, eutrophic water body starts stinking, becomes coloured and
turbid.
In some water bodies, eutrophication is accompanied by excessive growth of free floating plants. One such
plant is Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). It grows in ponds, lakes and rivers, choking other forms of life to
death.
5. Effects on Human Health. Municipal waste waters contain a number of pathogens, belonging to various
groups of organisms like viruses, bacteria, parasitic protozoa, worms, etc. They spread various water borne diseases
like jaundice, cholera, typhoid, amoebiasis, etc. Such sewage contaminated waters are unfit for
drinking, bathing, swimming, cattle and even irrigation. Industrial waters contain heavy metals which cause serious
Bio-[ 21 ]
health problems.
(i) Mercury. It is released by paper and paint industries, combustion of coal and smelters. In water, it is
changed to soluble dimethyl state, Hg(CH3)2. The latter enters food chains and gets concentrated with the rise in
trophic level. It poisons aquatic animals. Regular intake of meat from such poisoned animals causes minimata disease
(minamata disease), first reported in Japan in 1953. The disorder is characterised by impairment of various senses
(tactile, vision, speech and hearing), numbness of lips and limbs, repeated diarrhoea, haemolysis and meningitis. It
ultimately leads to death.
(ii) Cadmium. The metal is released by welding, electroplating, pesticide and metallurgical industries.In human
beings it accumulates in liver, kidneys and thyroid. The pollutant causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps, hyper-
tension, testicular atrophy, liver and lung cancers, skeletal deformities due to softening of bones and multiple frac-
tures. The disease is called itai-itai (ouch-ouch, I cannot-I cannot). (iii) Lead. The contaminant is released by battery,
pesticide, paint and chemical industries. The disorder produced by use of lead polluted water is called as plumbism. It
is characterised by colic, bluish lines around gums, anaemia, loss of appetite, convulsrons, irreparable damage to
kidneys, liver and brain.
6. Ground Water Pollution. Ground water is being polluted by percolation of water from agricultural runoff,
gravitational flow in fields, seepage from sanitary pits, sewerage channels and water bodies receiving municipal and
industrial waste waters. Three common diseases of ground water pollution are methaemoglobinaemia, fluorosis and
black foot disease.
(i) Methaemoglobinaemia. It is caused by presence of nitrate in drinking water. Nitrate is changed into nitrite
in alimentary canal. Nitrite passes into blood and oxidises ferrous iron of haemoglobin into ferric iron. The modified or
ferric haemoglobin is called methaemoglobin. It is unable to carry oxygen. Therefore, oxygen transport is impaired.
It results in cyanosis especially in infants where it is called blue-baby syndrome. In adults the disorder causes breath-
lessness, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness.
(ii) Fluorosis. It is caused by presence of excess fluorine or fluoride in drinking water. It causes motting of teeth if
the contamination occurs during enamel forming stage. Bones undergo both osteoselerosis and osteomalacia resulting in
hardening, stiffening and bending of bones that bring about painful joints. The disorder is called skeletal fluorosis.
(iii) Black Foot Disease. It is caused by arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic enters ground water either as
seepage from above or during weathering of bed-rock. Arsenic pollution causes repeated diarrhoea, hyperkeratosis
or skin thickening, peripheral neutritis (inflammation of peripheral nerves), lung and skin cancers. There is peripheral
vascular insufficiency and hyperpigmentation resulting in gangrenous condition known as black foot disease.
Waste Water Treatment
Major sources of water pollution are municipal waste waters and industrial effluents and waste waters. Both of
them should be treated in effluent treatment plants (ETPs) before discharging in water bodies.
Treatment of Municipal Waste Water
Municipal waste water is rich in sewage. It is freed of its contaminants by three step treatment—primary,
secondary and tertiary.
1. Primary Treatment (Physical Treatment). The treatment involves removal of grit and larger pieces of
organic matter. The various steps are (i) Shredding. Withe the help of cutting machines, larger pieces are cut into
smaller ones. (ii) Churing. The sewage is churned by means of machines so as to mix all the constituents thoroughly.
(iii) Setting. The shredded and churned sewage is passed into a tank having a gentle slope. Grit, sand and other
heavier particles settle down. (iv) Screening. The sewage is now passed through stationary or moving screens or
skimmers that remove all larger pieces of organic matter. It is collected as sludge. Sludge is used for preparing
compost and manure. It can also be burnt. The water after removing the sludge contains fine organic matter. It is
passed for secondary treatment.
Bio-[ 22 ]
2. Secondary (Biological) Treatment. In this step the organic matter is decomposed with the help of mi-
crobes. After decomposition the treated water is sterlised through chlorination.
(i) Decomposition of Organic Matter. It is carried out by one of the following three methods. (a) Water
Hyacinth Pond. The method is primitive. It liberates a lot of stench. Water having fine organic matter is allowed to
stay in ponds having good growth of Water Hyacinth or Eichhornia. Organic matter is decomposed by microbes. The
minerals released by decomposers are picked up by Water Hyacinth for its own growth. (b) Trickling Filter Method.
Waste water is allowed to trickle over a thick bed (2m or more) of gravel having sewage fungus. The organic matter
is completely decomposed. The growth of sewage fungus is monitored. It is thinned out at intervals. (c) Activated
Sludge Method. Waste water is passed through a series of four shallow tanks where anaerobic and aerobic decom-
position are carried out. They are commonly called stablisation or oxidation ponds. Algae are grown in the upper
lighted zone for providing aeration. Aeration is also carried out mechanically to provide extra oxygen. Anaerobic
decomposition produces CO2 and sludge or biosolid. Aerobic decomposition disposes off the same. The clear water
is allowed to pass out slowly for next step.
(ii) Chlorination. After having undergone decomposition, the waste water is quite clear. It is passed out into
chambers where chlorination is undertaken. Chlorination kills microbes of sewage fungus as well as some pathogens,
spores or cysts which have escaped early treatments. Chlorinated waste water is, however, rich in minerals like
nitrate, ammonia and phosphates. It should not be passed into water body where it will cause eutrophicationi. The
treated waste water is most suitable for irrigatioin where extra minerals will help to increase crop growth while the
extra water filters down for recharging the ground water.
3. Tertiary Treatment (Fig. 16.9). It is physico-chemical process for removing turbidity in treated waste
waters that also removes nutrients, dissolved organic matter and metals.Tertiary treatment is, however, costly and is
very rarely undertaken, that also where the water has to be reeycled. The various steps are as follows.
(i) Precipitation. The impurities present in treated waste water are flocculated or precipitated with the help of
(a) Alum, ferric chloride and lime. (b) Caustic soda, ferrous sulphate and lime. (c) Zirconium. The precipitate is
allowed to settle or undergo sedimentation.
(ii) Filtration. The clear water is allowed to pass through filters for removing any precipitate left in the water.
(iii) Activated Carbon. The filtered water is allowed to pass through activated charcoal which removes
dissolved organics.
(iv) Aeration and Desalination. Air is passed through water or strong oxidants (chlorine, perchlorate salts, O3, UV
radiation) added to oxidise any of the remaining impurity and make the water fit for any use. In order to ensure purity of
water for industrial use, mineral impurities are removed in treated waste water with the help
of reverse osmosis or ion exchange resins. Special treatment may be required for removal of such compounds as DDT.
After tertiary treatment, waste water can be used in irrigation, discharged into natural waters or used in industry.
1. Neutralisation. The effluents are first of all tested for pH and then neutralised with the help of opposing
chemical acid or alkali.
2. Precipitation. The chemicals contained in effluents are precipitated either electrostatically or with the help
of known chemical reactions.
3. Adsorption. It is carried out for removing coloured impurities and highly toxic chemicals.
4. Photocatalysis. It is a recent technique of splitting the chemicals so as to convert toxic materials into
harmless ones.
5. Ion Exchange and Reverse Osmosis. They are carried out for removing the remaining ions after precipi-
tation and photocatalysis.

Bio-[ 23 ]
MODEL SET (iz k :i i=k )–II
SECTION([k.M)–I
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqfu"B ç'u)

le; % 1 ?ka V k + 10 fe- (vfrfjDr) ] [ iw .kk±d % 28
correct answer.
1. tSo xSl mRiknu esa iz;qDr thok.kq dk lewg gS\
Group of bacteria used in biogas production is
(A) ;wcSDVhfj;k (Eubacteria) (B) vkxsZuksVªkiQ (Organotroph)
(C) esFksuksVªkiQ (Methanotroph) (D) esFksukstusZ (Methanogen)
2. csdj dk ;hLV gS\
Baker's yeast is
(A) ,l- lsjhokbulh (S. Cerevisae) (B) ,l- yqMfoUlh (S. Ludwingi)
(C) ,l- vkWDVksLiksjl (S. Octosporus) (D) 'kkbtkslSdsjksek;lht (Shizo saaharomyces)
3. vksjfuFkksfiQyh ........... }kjk ijkx.k dks dgk tkrk gsS\
Ornithophily is pollination by
(A) euq";ksa (Man) (B) iou (Wind)
(C) if{k;ksa (Birds) (D) pexknM+ksa (Bats)
4. ,d gh uLy ds i'kqvksa ds eè; tc iztuu gksrk og dgykrk gS
When breeding is bet ween animals of the same breed it is called
(A) var% iztuu (Inbreeding) (B) cfg% iztuu (Out breeding)
(C) cfg% ladj.k (Out crossing) (D) ladj.k (Cross breeding)
5. ,aFksfl dk vFkZ gSµ
Anthesis is a phenomenon which refers to
(A) vMi ds Hkhrj ijkxuyh dh o`f¼ (growth of pollen tube inside ovary)
(B) ijkxd.k dk cuuk (Formation of Pollen)
(C) iq"i dfydk dk [kqyuk (Opening of flower bud)
(D) ijkxdks'kksa dk cu dj fudyuk (Development of anther)
6. PCR fuEu ds fy, vko';d gSµ
PCR method is useful for
(A) DNA la'ys"k.k (DNA synthesis) (B) DNA lao/Zu (DNA amplification)
(C) izksVhu la'ys"k.k (Protein synthesis) (D) ,feuksvEy la'ys"k.k (Amino acid synthesis)
Bio-[ 24 ]
7. og RNA tks ,sehuks vEy ds fy, xzkgh v.kq ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS\
Which RNA is used as aminoacid acceptor ?
(A) m RNA (m RNA) (B) t RNA (t RNA) (C) hn RNA (hn RNA) (D) r RNA (r RNA)
8. lqiks"k.k (;wVªksfiQds'ku) fdlesa deh ykrk gS\ (Eutrophication causes decrease in )
(A) ?kqyh gqbZ gkbMªkstu (Dissolved hydrogen) (B) ?kqys gq, yo.k (Dissolved salts)
(C) ?kqyh gqbZ vkWDlhtu (Dissolved oxygen) (D) mi;qZDr lHkh (All of these)
9. VfeZu's ku dksMkWu gS\ (Termination codon is)
(A) UGG (B) GUG (C) UAG (D) AVG
10. dkSu lh xzhu gkml xSl ugha gS\ (Which in not green house gases ?)
(A) esFksu (Methane) (B) CO2 (CO2) (C) DyksjksÝyksjksdkcZu (Chlorofluorocarbon) (D) ukbVªkt s u (Nitrogen)
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : tSo vko/Zu (ck;kseSfXufiQds'ku) dk rkRi;Z gS Øfed iks"k.k Lrj ij vkfo"kkDr dh lkanzrk esa o`f¼] dk gksukA
dFku&II : bldk dkj.k tho }kjk laxzfgr vkfo"kkyq inkFkZ dk mRlftZr gksuk gSA
Statement-I : Biomagnification refers to increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels.
Statement-II : This happens because a toxic substance accumulated by an organism is easily excreted.
12. dFku&I : mRifjorZu ds iQyLo:i tho ds thuksVkbi ,oa iQhuksVkbi esa ifjorZu vk tkrk gSSA
dFku&II : mRifjorZu og fØ;k gS tks izksVhu vuqØe esa cnyko yk nsrh gSA
Statement-I : Mutation results in changes in the genotype and phenotype of an organism.
Statement-II : Mutation is a phenomenon which results in alteration of protein sequences.
13. dFku&I : vijk Hkwz.k dks vkWDlhtu rFkk iks"k.k dh vkiwfrZ djrk gSA
dFku&II : vijk ,d ukfHk jTtq }kjk Hkzw.k ls tqM+k gksrk gS tks Hkzw.k rd lHkh vko';d inkFkks± dks vanj ykus rFkk ckgj ys tkus
ds dk;Z esa enn djrk gSA
Statement-I : The Placenta facilitate the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo.
Statement-II : The Placenta is connected to the embryo through an umbilical cord which helps in the transport
of substances to and from the embryo.
14. dFku&I : vijn [kk| Ükà[kyk ?kkl ls izkjaHk gksrh gSA
dFku&II : vi?kVd vijnksa ds [kaMu }kjk visf{kr mtkZ ,oa iks"k.k izkIr djrs gSaA
Statement-I : The detritus food chain begins with grass.
Statement-II : Decomposers meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading organic matter.
15. dFku&I : chVh ,d izdkj dk thofo"k gS tks cSlhyl F;qjhuft,alhl ls fufeZr gksrk gSA
dFku&II : cSlhyl Fkqjhuft,alhl dkcksgZ kbMªsV dk fuekZ.k djrh gS tks fof'k"V dhVksa dks ekjus esa lgk;d gSA
Statement-I : Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis.
Statement-II : Bacillus thuringiensis produce carbohydrate that kill certain insects.
Bio-[ 25 ]
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. okrkoj.kh; ok;q iznw"k.k fuEu }kjk gksrk gS\ (Air pollution occurs by)
(A) CO (B) NO2 (C) SO2 (D) O2
17. izfrca/u ,atkbe gSa\ (Restriction enzymes are)
(A) ,DlksU;wfDy,st (Exonuclease) (B) ,UMksU;wfDy,st (Endonuclease)
(C) ykbxst (Ligase) (D) ikWyhejst (Polymerase)
18. DNA rFkk RNA esa ukbVªkt a (Nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA is)
s uh {kkj gSµ
(A) ,Msuhu (Adenine) (B) lkbVksflu (Cytosine) (C) Xokukslhu (Guanosine) (D) lkbVhMhu (Cytidine)
dkWy e (Column)–I dkWy e (Column)–II
19. oa'kkxfr ds fu;e (Laws of Genetics) (A) lVu ,oa cksojs h (Sutton and Boveri)
20. oa'kkxfr dk Øksekslkse fl¼kUr (Chromosomal theory of inheritance) (B) th-ts- essaMy (G.J. Mendel)
21. thu (Gene) (C) okV~lu ,oa Øhd (Watson and Crick)
22. DNA dh lajpuk (Structure of DNA) (D) tksgsUlu (Johannson)
Some of us are sensitive to some particles in the environment. The exaggerated response of the immune
system to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergy. The substance to which such an immune
response is produced are called allergens. The antibodies produced to these are of IgE type. Common example
of allergens are mites in dust, pollens, animal dander. Allergy in due to the release of chemicals like histamine
and serotonin from the mast cells. Symptoms of allergic reactions include sneezing, watery eyes, running nose
and difficulty in breathing. Modern day life style has resulted in lowering of immunity and more sensitivity to
allergens.
dqN yksx i;kZoj.k esa ekStwn dqN d.kksa ds izfr laosnu'khy gksrs gSaA i;kZoj.k esa ekStwn dqN izfrtuksa ds izfr izfrj{kk ra=k dh
vfrjaftr vuqfØ;k; ,ythZ dgykrh gSA ,sls inkFkZ ftuds izfr ,slh izfrj{kk vuqfØ;k gksrh gS] ,sytZu dykrs gSaA buds izfr
cuusokyh izfrjf{k;k¡ IgE izdkj dh gksrh gSA ,sytZu ds lkekU; mnkgj.k gSa&/wy esa fppM+h] ijkx] MSaMj vkfnA ,sythZ ekLV
dksf'kdkvksa ls fgLVSfeu vkSj lhjksVksfuu tSls jlk;uksa ds fudyus ds dkj.k gksrh gSA ,sythZ; vuqfØ;kvksa ds y{k.kksa esa Nhaduk]
iuhyh vk¡[ksa] cgrh ukd vkSj lk¡l ysus esa dfBukbZ 'kkfey gSaA vk/qfud thou'kSyh ds iQyLo:i yksxksa esa izfrj{kk ?kVh gS
vkSj ,ytZuksa ds izfr laosnu'khyrk c<+h gSaA
23. ,sls inkFkZ ftuds izfr izfrj{kk vuqfØ;k gksrh gS mls ............ dgrs gSaA
The substances to which an immune response is produced are called
(A) ,sytZu (allergens) (B) ,UVhtu (antigens) (C) Vhdk (Vaccine) (D) ,.VhckMh (antibodies)
24. a (The antibodies produced in allergy are of type)
,sythZ esa cuus okyh izfrjf{k;k¡ gSµ
(A) IgA (B) IgM (C) IgE (D) IgG
25. ,sythZ ds dkj.k fudyus okys jlk;u gSµ (Chemicals released due to allergy are)
(A) fgLVSfeu (Histamine) (B) lhjksVksfuu (Serotonine)
(C) nksuksa (Both) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
Bio-[ 26 ]
SECTION([k.M)–II

1. vkuqoaf'kd dksM ds y{k.kksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Discuss the characteristics of genetic code.
2. letkr ,oa le:i vaxksa esa vUrj Li"V djsaA tUrqvksa esa ik;s tkus okys rFkk ikS/ksa esa ik;s tkus okys letkr vaxksa dk mnkgj.k
nhft,A
Distinguish between homologous and analogous organs. Give examples of homologous organs, found is animals
and plants.
3. ySfa xd ,oa vySfa xd iztuu esa vUrj Li"V djsAa (Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.)
4. ifjHkkf"kr dhft, (Define) :
(a) ijkx.k (Pollination) (b) ijijkx.k (Cross Pollination) (c) vfu"ksdiQyu (Parthenocarpy)
5. dSalj dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A dSalj ds dkj.k ,oa mipkj ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
Define cancer what are the causes and treatment of cancer?
6. ikni iztuu esa Hkkx ysus okys fofHkUu pj.kksa dk la{ksi esa o.kZu dhft,A
Explain main steps in plant breeding.
7. vkuqoaf'kd :ikarfjr ikS/ksa ds mi;ksx ij laf{kIr fVIih fy[ksaA (Discuss the uses of Genetically modified plants.)
8. [kk| Üka`[kyk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk vijnu [kk| Üka`[kyk dk o.kZu dhft,A
Define food chain and explain the concept of detritus food chain.
9. Loijkx.k dh çeq[k 'krks± dks fy[ksa A
Enumerate the major criterias for self pollination.
10. ^gfjr x`g çHkko* D;k gS \ blds fy, ftEesnkj dkjd crk,¡ A
What is 'green house effect' ? Name the factors responsible for it.
11. dkcZfud [ksrh D;k gS \ le>k,¡ A
What do you mean by organic forming ?
12. euq"; esa 'kqØ tuu dh fØ;k dks le>k,¡ A (Describe the process of spermatogenesis in human beings.)
Or, vFkok]
euq"; esa 'kY; fØ;k }kjk xHkZ fujks/.k dks le>k,¡ A (Describe the various processes of contraception by operative method.)
13. ok;q iznw"k.k D;k gS\ ok;q iznw"k.k ds fofHkUu lzksrksa dks le>k,aA ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okys ok;q iznw"k.k ds izHkkoksa dks fy[ksaA
ok;q iznw"k.k dks fu;af=kr djus dh fof/;ksa dks fy[ksaA (What is air pollution. What are the different is sources of air
pollution? How does air pollution affect human beings and suggest measures to control air pollution.)
14. vkj- ,u- ,- dk i.kZu djsa\ rFkk blds izdkj dks fy[ksaµ (Describe RNA and its types.)
15. tSorduhdh D;k gS\ vkuqaof'kdh; vfHk;kaf=kdh esa iz;qDr vkStkjksa dk uke fy[ksaA mfprfp=k }kjk iqu;ksxZ t DNA rduhd dks
n'kkZ;saA (What is biotichnology ? (Name the tools used in genetic engineering. Show Recombinant DNA technol-
ogy with appropriate diagram.

Bio-[ 27 ]
MODEL SET (iz k :i i=k )–III
SECTION([k.M)–I
correct answer.
1. fuEu esa ls dkSu ;kSu&lapkfjr jksx gSµ (Which one of the following is a sexually transmitted disease?)
(A) Vk;iQkW;M (Typhoid) (B) fliQfyl (Syphilis) (C) gStk (Colera) (D) eysfj;k (Maleria)
2. fuEu chtkaM ds vk/kjh Hkkx dks n'kkZrk gS\ (Following is the basal part of ovule)
(A) fuHkkx (Chalaza) (B) chtkaMoàr (Hilum) (C) ukfHkdk (Nucellus) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
3. MkmUl flUMªkse esa xq.klw=kksa dh la[;k gksrh gS\ (The chromosome number is Doun's Syndrome is)
(A) 48 (B) 47 (C) 49 (D) 46
4. 'kqØk.kqizlw :ikarfjr gksdj fdrus 'kqØk.kq cukrs gSa\ (Spermatid transforms into following number of sperms—)
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
5. ikbfjehfMu gSa\ (Pyrimidine is )
(A) ,fMuhu (Adenine) (B) Xokfyu (Guanine) (C) ;wjsfly (Uracil) (D) lHkh (All)
6. vkfdZvkWIVsfjDl la;kstd dM+h gSµ (Archaeopteryx is the connecting link between—)
(A) amphibia and reptile (B) reptile and aves (C) Aves and mammals (D) b (N)
7. izksVhu la'ys"k.k esa izkjaHkd izdwV gS\ (The initiation codon in Translation process is )
(A) GUA (B) AUG (C) UGA (D) All
8. dod ewy mnkgj.k gSµ (Mycorrhiza is the example of)
(A) lgksikdkfjrk (Mutualism) (B) lgthfork (Commensalism) (C) ijthfork (Parasitism) (D) lHkh (All)
9. isafXou ,oa MkWfYiQu ds fÝyilZ n'kkZrs gSa\ (The flippears of penguin and dolphin show)
(A) letkrrk (homology) (B) vuq:irk (Analogy) (C) nksuks (both) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
10. yEcor f}&foHkktu ik;k tkrk gS\ (Longitudinal binary fission is found in )
(A) vehck (Amoeba) (B) iSjkehf'k;e (Paramecium) (C) ;wXyhuk (Euglena) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
statements. 5×1=5
Bio-[ 28 ]
11. dFku&I : ^lgsyh* uked xHkZ fujks/d xksyh ,d xSj&LVsjkW;y lkexzh gSA
dFku&II : ;g ^gÝrs esa ,d ckj* yh tkus okyh] de nq"izHkko okyh rFkk mPp fujks/d {kerk okyh gksrh gSA
Statement-I : ‘Saheli’ is a non-steroidel eoral contracept.
Statement-II : It is ‘once in a week’ pill with very few side effects and high contraeptive value.
12. dFku&I : lHkh thoksa esa ;qXed vxqf.kr gh gksrs gSaA
dFku&II : ;qXed fuekZ.k ges'kk v¼Zlw=kh foHkktu }kjk gh gksrk gS pkgs os tuukax Lo;a f}xqf.kr gksaA
Statement-I : Gametes are haploid in all organisms.
Statement-II : Gametes are produced by meiosis only whether the sex organs are diploid themselves
13. dFku&I : euq";ksa esa uj ;k eknk f'k'kq dk tUe eknk vfHkHkkod ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
dFku&II : fyax&fu/kZj.k dqN X-xq.klw=k ds tho rFkk dqN Y-xq.klw=k ds thu dh feyhtqyh izHkko ls gksrk gSA
Statement-I : Female parent is responsible for the birth of male or female child in human beings.
Statement-II : Sex determination is combined effect of some genes present on X-Chromosome and some on y-
chromosomes.
14. dFku&I : ;wdSfj;ksfVd DNA eSdsftax esa fgLVksl
a uked {kkjh; izksVhu dh eq[; Hkwfedk gSA
dFku&II : fgLVksal ik¡p izdkj ds gksrs gSaA H1, H2A, H2B, H3 & H4.
Statement-I : The basic proteins called ‘histones’ has a vital role in eukaryotic DNA-packaging
Statement-II : Histones are of 5-types- H1, H2A, H2B, H3 & H4.
15. dFku&I : ykbdsu cM+s 'kgjksa esa ikl ugha mxrs gSaA
dFku&II : os ok;q iznw"k.k ds izfr dkiQh laosnu'khy gSaA
Statement-I : Lichens never grow near metropolitan.
Statement-II : They are very sensitive to wind pollution.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. tyh; ijkx.k ik;k tkrk gS\ (Hydrophily is found in )
(A) leqnzh ?kkl (Zostera) (B) dSyksVªksfil (Calotropis)
(C) oSfylusfj;k (Vallisneria) (D) fiQx (Fig)
17. euq";ksa esa vo'ks"kh vax gSa\ (Following are vestigeal organs in human beings )
(A) vxzikn (Forelimbs) (B) d.kZ&isf'k;k¡ (Ear-Muscles)
(C) d`fe:i ifj'ksf"kdk (Vermiform-appendix) (D) mnj isf'k;k¡ (Abdominal Muscles)
18. ekuo&vijk L=kkfor djrk gS\ (Human Placenta secretes)
(A) HCG (B) HPL (C) androgen (D) Vesopressin
19. CO 2 (A) Mercury (ikjk)
20. CFC (B) Bhopal tragedy (Hkksiky =kklnh)
21. Minimata (C) Ozone depletion (vkstksu {k;)
22. Methyl Isocyante (D) Green house gas. (xzhu gkml xSl)
Bio-[ 29 ]
dqN fo'ks"k jlk;uksa tSls fofHkUu vEy] ,Ydksgy] ,atkbe rFkk vU; tSo lfØ; v.kq ds vkS|ksfxd mRiknu esa lw{ethoksa dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,sFkkukWy dk mRiknu ;hLV }kjk gksrk gSA LVªsIVksdkbust uked tSo v.kq LVSIVksdksdl thok.kq }kjk mRiUu
gksrk gS ftlds :ikarfjr :i dk mi;ksx jksfx;ksa essa ^FkDdk LiQksVu* ds :i esa gksrk gSA VªkbdksMekZ ikWyhLiksje uked dod
ls izkIr ^lkbDyksLiksfju ,* dk iz;ksx izfrj{kk fujks/d ds :i esa gksrk gSA eksukWLdl ijI;wjhvl uked ;hLV ls mRiUu LVSfVu
dk mi;ksx jDr&dksysLVªkWy dks de djus okys dkjd ds :i esas gksrk gSA
Some important chemicals like various acids, alcohols, enzymes and other bio-active molecules need micro-
organisms for their industrial production. Yeast is used to produce ethanol. A biomolecule ‘streptokinase’ is
obtained by streptococus sp. Which is modified and used as ‘clot buster’ in heart patients. ‘Cyclosporin A’ is
obtained from a fungus, Trichoderma polysporum. It is used as immuno suppressive. Some ‘statins’ synthe-
sized by yeast Monascus purpureus are used to lower the LDL Cholesterol level.
23. VªkbdksMekZ uked dod ls izkIr gksrk gSµ
Following is obtained from fungus ‘Trichoderma’—
(A) LVSfVu (Statin) (B) lkbDyksLiksfju , (Cyclosporin ‘A’)
(C) LVªsIVksdkbust (Streptokinase)) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
24. LVSfVu dk iz;ksx gksrk gS\
Statin is used as
(A) jDr&dksysLVªkWu dks de djus gsrq (Low LDL Cholesteral Level)
(B) FkDdk&LiQksVu (Clot-buster)
(C) izfrj{kk fujks/d (immunosuppressive) (D) lHkh (All)
25. fuEu dk iz;ksx vax&izfrjksi.k ds nkSjku djrs gSa\
Following is used during organ-transplanation
(A) LVªsIVksdkbust (Streptokinase) (B) isfulhfyu (Penicillin)
(C) lkbDYksLiksfju , (Cyclosporin ‘A’) (D) LVSfVu (Statins)
SECTION([k.M)–II

1. dkf;d izo/Zu ds ykHk ds rhu fcUnqvksa dks fy[ksAa
Write threre points of advantages of vegetative propagation
2. ifo=k miou D;k gksrs gSa\ oU;&tho laj{k.k esa mudk D;k ;ksxnku gS\
What are sacred groves ? What is their role in conservatioin ?
Bio-[ 30 ]
3. euq";ksa esa XXY O;fDr ds cuus dh izfØ;k dk laf{kIr fooj.k nsaA
Explain briefly how an XXY individual arise in humans.
4. dSalj izHkkfor dksf'kdk ,oa lkekU; dksf'kdk esa varj Li"V djsaA
How is a cancerous cell different from a normal cell?
5. tsy bysDVªksiQksjsfll dk laf{kIr fooj.k nsaA
Explain briefly the gel electrophoresis
6. fofHkUu izdkj ds vkjú ,uú ,ú ds uke ,oa dk;Z crkb,\
Name the different types of RNA with their function.
7. ,dy dksf'kdk izksVhu fdls dgrs gSa\ blds egRo ,oa euq"; ds fy, mi;ksx dh foospuk djsaA
What is singel cell protein (SCP)? Describe its importance and human use.
8. ^ØkbZ* izksVhu D;k gS \ bls iSnk djus okys tho dk uke crkb,A euq"; bls vius iQk;ns ds fy, dSls mi;ksx esa ykrk gS\
What are ‘Cry’ proteins? Name the organism that produces it. How has man exploited it for his benefit?
9. vfu"ksd tuu ls D;k le>rs gSa \ ,d iQy dk mnkgj.k nsdj le>k,¡ A
What is parthenocarpy ? Name a fruit developed by this process.
10. mQtkZ çokg ds 10% fu;e dks fy[ksa A
State the 10% rule of energy flow in short.
11. esMa y us 'kks/ gsrq eVj ds ikS/s dks D;ksa pquk \
Why did Mendel chose garden Pea plant for his research ?
12. tSo&fofo/rk ds mRLFkkus laj{k.k ij fVIi.kh fy[ksa A
Write a note on ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Or,
iquZ;ksxt DNA çkS|ksfxdh ds fofHkUu çØeksa dk o.kZu djsa A
Describe various process of recombinant DNA Technology.
13. iqu;ksxZ t Mh ,u , izkS|ksfxdh dk vkS"kf/ {ks=k esa vuqi;z ksx dh O;k[;k djsAa
Describe the applications of recombinant DNA technology in therapeutics.
Or, ;k
thu&fpfdRlk D;k gS\ ,fMuksflu fM,feust (, Mh ,) dh deh dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, bldk o.kZu djsaA
What is gane therapy ? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase. (ADA) deficiency.
14. v¼Z&laj{kh DNA izfrd`fr;u fdls dgrs gSa\ bls izk;ksx }kjk dSls vkSj fdlus fl¼ fd;k\ O;k[;k djsaA
What do you mean by semi-conservative DNA replication ? Who and how was it proved through an experiment?
Explain.
Or, ;k
MkfoZuokn ij ,d fucU/ fyf[k,A
Write an essay on Darwinism.
15. tSo&fofo/rk ds laj{k.k ds dkj.kksa dh foLr`r foospuk dhft,\
Enumerate the reasons why should we conserve biodiversity ?
Or, ;k
e#n~fHkn ikniksa esa ikfjfLFkfrd vuwdy
w u dk mnkgj.k lfgr O;k[;k djsAa
Write down the ecological adaptations in xerophytic plants with proper examples.

Bio-[ 31 ]
MODEL SET (iz k :i i=k )–IV
SECTION([k.M)–I

correct answer.
1. Perisperm is the remained portion of —
(A) chtkaMdk; (Nuclleus) (B) Hkzq.k (Embryo) (C) Hkzw.kizks"k (Endosperm) (D) vè;koj.k (Integument)
2. buesa ls dkSu ijcgqxfq .krk dks n'kkZrk gS\ Which one of the following would represents allotrioploid —
(A) vvvcc (AAABB) (B) vvvv (AAAA) (C) ,,cc (AABB) (D) chchchch (BBBB)
3. buesa ls dkSu esa fu"kspu vkarfjd gksrs gSaµ (In which of following fertilization is internal—)
(A) eNyh (Fish) (B) mHkjpj (Amphibians) (C) 'kSrky esa (Major of algae) (D) ,ath;ksLiZe esa (Angiosperm)
4. uo&MkfoZfu;ul dk MkfoZfuTe esa fl¼kar dk eq[; va'ktu D;k gS\
What is the main contribution of Neo-Darwinians to theory of Darwinism ?
(A) izdk'k'olu (Photorespiration) (B) 'olu (Respiration)
(C) izdk'k la'ys"k.k (Photosynthesis) (D) iÙkh dh vkarfjd lajpuk (Leaf anatomy)
5. rkykc@ou ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k esa mQtkZ dk fijkfeM gksrk gSµ (In pond/forest ecosystem pyramid of energy is)
(A) ges'kk lh/k fijkfeM (Always upright) (B) ges'kk mYVk (always inverted)
(C) lh/k vkSj mYVk nksuksa (Both upright & inverted) (D) /qj vkdkj (shaped)
6. xzke iksflfVo ,oa xzke fuxsfVo cSDVhfj;k esa eq[; vUrj gksrk gS] mlds µ
The main difference between gram positive (+) and gram negative (–) bacteria lies in
(A) fiYyh (Pili) (B) dksf'kdk f>Yyh (Cell Wall) (C) ÝyStsyk (Flagella) (D) IyktfeM (Plasmidis)
7. ySEicz'k xq.klw=k tks fd mH;pj ds fMEcdksf'kdk esa ik;k tkrk gS dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSµ
Lampbrush chromosomes found in the oocytes of amphibians are seen in —
(A) ysIVksVhu esa (Leptotene) (B) MhIyksVhu esa (Diplotene)
(C) iSdhVhu esa (Pachytene) (D) buesa ls fdlh esa ughaA (None)
8. esaMy ds fu;e dk viokn gSµ (An exception of Mendel's law is —)
(A) izHkkfork (Dominance) (B) ;qXed dh 'kq¼rk (Purity of gamete)
(C) lgyXurk (Linkage) (D) Lora=k viR;qgu (Independent assortment )
9. Balance between CO2 & O2 is maintained due to—
(A) izdk'k'olu (Photorespiration) (B) 'olu (Respiration)
(C) izdk'k la'ys"k.k (Photosynthesis) (D) iÙkh dh vkarfjd lajpuk (Leaf anatomy)
Bio-[ 32 ]
10. g~;wefyu 'kCn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSµ (The term humulin is used for—)
(A) ,d izdkj ds dkbfVu ds :i esa (A firm of chitin) (B),d ikpd batkbe ds :i esa (A digestive enzyme)
(C) ,d 'kfDr'kkyh ,UVhck;ksfVd ds :i esa (A powerful antibiotics)
(D) ekuo bUlwfyu ds :i esa (human insulin)
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : izkFkfed mRikndrk dsoy mPp Js.kh ds ikS/ksa dh fo'ks"krk gksrh gSA
dFku&II : jlk;u la'ys"k.k dks izkFkfed mRikndrk Hkh dgrs gSaA
Statement-I : Primary productivity is characteristic of higher plants only.
Statement-II : Chemosynthesis is also known as primary productivity.
12. dFku&I : oSf'od rkieku esa o`f¼ dk ,d cM+k dkj.k ouksa dh dVkbZ gSA
dFku&II : Co2 ds vfrfjDr nks vU; xSls Øe'k% feFksu vkSjDyksjks Iyksjks dkcZuy Hkh gfjr x`g izHkko ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA
Statement-I : Deforestation is one main factor contributing to global warming.
Statement-II : Besides Co2. Two other gases methane and cfcs are also included under green house effects.
13. dFku&I : Øefodkl orZeku esa ugha gksrk gSA
dFku&II : Øefodkl gksus esa ,d yECkh vof/ yxrh gSA
Statement-I : Evolution is not occurring at present.
Statement-II : Evolution takes a long time to occur.
14. dFku&I : HIV dks fjVªksokbjl dgk tkrk gSA
dFku&II : HIV Lo;a RNA VseysV ij u, thuksfed RNA dk la'ys"k.k dj ldrk gS blesa eè;orhZ dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA
Statement-I : HIV is called a retrovirus.
Statement-II : Bond between them fails to break.
15. dFku&I : layXu tho] lkFk&lkFk oa'kxfr djus dks vfHkdfYir gksrs gSaA
dFku&II : mu nksuksa ds chp dk ca/u VwV ugha ikrk gSA
Statement-I : The linked genes tends to get inherited together.
Statement-II : Bond between them fails to break.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. ok;jl j[krk gSµ
Viruses possess—
(A) RNA (RNA) (B) DNA (DNA)
(C) RNA ;k DNA (RNA or DNA)
(D) u RNA ugha DNA (neither RNA or DNA)
(E) RNA vkSj deh DNA nksuksa (RNA and Some times DNA both.)
Bio-[ 33 ]
17. tsusfVd dksM ds vfo"dkjd gSaµ
(Genetic Code was discovered by—)
(A) gkWyh vkSj vksdksvk (Holley and Ochoa) (B) gkWyh vkSj [kqjkZuk (Holley and Khorana)
(C) eSFksbZ (Mathaei) (D) fujsucxZ vkSj gkWyh (Nirenberg and Holley)
18. Which of the following control the cotton bollworms ?
(A) ØkbZ IAC (Cry IAC) (B) ØkbZ II Ab (Cry II Ab)
(C) ØkbZ IAb (Cry IAb) (D) ØkbZ IAC vkSj dksbZ IIAb (Cry IAC and Cry IIAb)
19. dksf'kdk iV~fVdk (Cell Plate) (A) 'kh"kZ (Axis)
20. ekul (Manas) (B) o`"k.k (Testis)
21. ykbafMx dksf'kdk (Ley dig cells) (C) ikni dksf'kdk (Plant cell)
22. fgj.k (Deer) (D) vle (Assam)
;ku foyeV vkSj blds lg;ksfx;ksa us iQjojh] 1997 esa bM+us cxZ jkslfyu la[;k esa fo'o dk igyk O;Lr Dyksu rS;kj fd;kA
;g Dyksu ,d HksM+ dk Fkk ftls ,d nqX/xzafFk dkf;d dks'kk ds dsUnzd dks fudkydj ,d vU; dsUnzd foghu v.Mk.kq esa
izos'k djkdj rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA v.Ms ds Hkzw.k esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;kA blds i'pkr~ ,d HksM+ ds cPps dk tUe gqvk
ftls MkWyh dgk x;k fd firk ugha FksA Bhd N% o"kZ ckn] iQjojh 2003 dks laØe.k ds dkj.k MkWyh dks i'kq fpfdRldksa yk[k
dksf'k'kksa }kjk Hkh ugha cpk;k tk ldrk gSA ekuo dk lEiw.kZ fo'o esa frjLdkj fd;k tk jgk gSA
Ian wilmut and coworkers in February, 1997 produced the world's first clone of an adult produced the world's
first clone of an adult at Edinburgh's Rosun instyitute. The clone is a sheep developed from an enucleated egg
into which the nucleus of a somatic (udder) cells was introduced. The egg turned into an embryo which was
then transplanted in a surrogate mother i.e. substitute mother. The latter gare birth to a baby shep as Dolly as
she has on February 14, 2003 by veter9inarians after they failed to cure h er from infection. Human cloning is
being opposed all over the world.
23. MkWyh ds Dyksu dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k Fkksµ (A Clone of shee Dolly has been made by —)
(A) thu LFkkukarj.k (Gene transfer) (B) dkf;d dks'kk Dyksfuax (Somatic cell cloning)
(C) Hkzwf.k; dks'kk Dyksafuax (Germinal cell cloning) (D) dsUnzd LFkkukarj.k (Nucleus Transfer)
24. Dyksfuax dk mís'; gSµ (The purpose of cloning is —)
(A) dksf'kdk ds thuksVkbi dk laj{k.k (Preserving genotype of a cell)
(B) dksf'kdk ds iQhuksVkbi dk laj{k.k (Preserving phenotype of a cell)
(C) Rojd thoksa ds thuksVkbi dk laj{k.k (Preserving genotype of a cell or organism)
(D) dksf'kdk ;k thoksa ds thuksVkbi dk laj{k.k (Preserving genotype of a cell or organism.)
25. Dyksafuax loZizFke fodflr fd;k x;k Fkkµ
(Cloning was first developed by—)
(A) bMokbZ vkSj LVsiVksbZ }kjk (Edward and Steptoe)
(B) ;ku foyeV vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa }kjk (Ian wilmut and worker)
(C) f'kyMWu ,oa Loku }kjk (Schleiden and Schwann)
(D) lHkh }kjk (All of the above)
Bio-[ 34 ]
SECTION([k.M)–II
1. jslVªhdlu baMksU;wDyh;kst D;k gS\ (What are restriction endonucleses ?)
2. ,fefu;kslsaVsfll D;k gS\ (What are aminocentesis ?)
3. ifjfLFkfrdh dh ifjHkk"kk fy[ksaA (Write the definition of Ecology?)
Or, (;k) Vuqdwyu D;k gS\ ikuh esa ik, tkus okys thoksa esa fdl izdkj dk vuqdwy ik;k tkuk gS\
What is adaptation? What type of adaptation is found in organisms of water ?
4. vkWiju D;k gS\ mu rhu rjg ds thu dk o.kZu djsa tks vkWiju dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa\
What is an operon? Name the three types of genes, whichmake up an operon ?
5. tSofofo/rk dk D;k egRo gS\ (What is biodiversity?)
Or, (;k) tSo izkS|ksfxdh gekjs fy, fdl izdkj ykHknk;d gS\ (How is biotechnology useful for us?)
6. gfjrx`g izHkko D;k gS\ (What is Green house effect ?)
7. cg~o`Ùkh; dkjd ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ ,d mnkgj.k nsaA (What is meant by polygenic trait? Write an example.)
8. thu fpfdRlk D;k gS\ (What is Gene therapy?)
Or, (;k) varj crk,¡A (Give the difference between.)
9. vUrj crkos a (Differentiate between) : (d) le;q Xeth ,oa fo"ke;qXeth (Homozygous & Heterozygous)
([k) Loijkx.k ,oa ijijkx.k (Self pollination & Cross pollination)
10. e#LFkyh; ,oa tyh; ikS/ksa esa ik;k tkusokyk nks&nks vuqdwyu fy[ksa A (Name two adaptation each of Xerophytic &
Hydrophytic plants.)
11. ekuo 'kqØk.kq dk lqUnj fpfUgr fp=k cukosa A (Draw a well labelled diagram of human system.)
12. chVh dikl D;k gS \ blds iQk;ns le>k,¡ A (What is BT cotton ? State its advantages.)
Or, fpfdRlk ds {ks=k esa tSo çkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx dk fooj.k nsa A (Describe the application of biotechnology in the field or medicines.)
13. ijkx.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A ikS/s esa iuj&ijkx.k dh fof/;ksa dk o.kZu djsaA
What is pollination? Give an account of the varied means of cross pollination in plants.
14. tuu D;k gS\ tuu ls D;k ykHk gS\a (What is reproduction? What are the advances of reproducton ?)
Or, (;k) esaMy ds oa'kkxfr ds fu;eksa dh foospuk djsaA (Discuss the Mendel's law of inheritance.)
15. DNA dh lajpuk dk lfp=k o.kZu djsaA (Discribe the structure of DNA with the help of diagram.)
Or, (;k) ty&iznw"k.k ds eq[; dkjdksa vkSj izHkkoksa dh foospuk djsaA (Explain the main factor or water pollution.)
Or, (;k) tyok;q laca/h dkjdksa dks vkcknh ij iM+us okys izHkkoksa dh foospuk djsaA (Describe the effects of climate
factors on population.)

Bio-[ 35 ]
MODEL SET (iz k :i i=k )–V
SECTION([k.M)–I

correct answer.
1. (eksuksgkbfczM ØkWl) ,dladj Økl esa thuksVkbi vuqikr gksrk gSA
The genotypic ratio in monohybrid cross is
(A) 3 : 1 (B) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(C) 1 : 2 : 1 (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
2. eysfj;k dk dkj.k gksrk gS\ (Malaria is caused due to )
(A) izksVkstksvk (Protoza) (B) ,Yxh (Algae)
(C) dod (Fungi) (D) dqiks"k.k (Malnutrition)
3. [kk|& Üka`[kyk esa fuEufyf[kr esa lcls vf/d vkcknh fdl dh gS\
Which one of the following has largest population in a food-chain
(A) mRiknd (Producer) (B) izkFkfed miHkksDrk (Primary Consumer)
(C) f}rh; miHkksDrk (Secondary consumer) (D) vi?kVudrkZ (Decomposer)
4. esUMy ds vulkj dkSu lk xq.k izHkkoh gksrk gSA
According to mendalism which characters are dominant :
(A) yEck ikS/k] >qjhZnkj cht (Tall plant, wrinked seed)
(B) yEck ikS/k] xksy cht (Tall plant, round seed)
(C) ukVk ikS/k] >qjhZnkj cht (Dwarf plant, wrinkled seed)
(D) ukVk ikS/k] xsky cht (Dwarf plant, round seed)
5. vehfc;ksfll dk dkjd gksrk gS\
Amoebiasis is caused due to
(A) ,UVvehck fgLVksfydk (Entamoeba histolitica) (B) IykTeksfM;e (Plasmodium)
(C) LVªsIVksdksDdl (Streptococcus) (D) okmpsfj;k cSUØkÝVh (Wuchareia bancrofti)
6. gksekslksfi,Ul dk fodkl dgk¡ gqvk\
Home sapiens arose in
(A) vizQhdk (Africa) (B) ,f'k;k (Asia)
(C) ;wjksi (Europe) (D) vkLVªsfy;k (Australia)
Bio-[ 36 ]
7. ml dFku dk pquko djsa tks lcls mÙke ijthfork dks n'kkZrk gks (Select the statement which explains best parasitism :)
(A) ,d tho ykHkkfUor gksrk gS (One organism is benefited)
(B) nksuksa tho ykHkkfUor gksrs gSa (Both the organism are benefited)
(C) ,d tho ykHkkfUor gksrk gS] nwljs ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk (One organism are benefited other is not affected.)
(D) ,ld tho ykHkkfUor gksrk gS vkSj nwljs ij Hkh izHkko iM+rk gSA (One organism is benefited, other is affected)
8. uj ;qXed dk f}rh; dsUnzd ls la;kstu dgykrk gS\ (The fusion of male gamete with secondary nucleus is known as)
(A) lay;u (Syngamy) (B) thuksxSeh (Xenogamy) (C) fizlay;u (Triple fusion) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
9. DyhusiQsYVlZ flMªkse esa xq.klw=k dh la[;k D;k gksrh gS\
The chromosomal constitution of klinefelter's syndrome is
(A) 2A + XY (B) 2A + XO (C) 2A + XX (D) 2A + XXY
10. thok.kq ds }kjk mRiUu ch-Vh- VkWfDlu dk LiQfVd mlh thok.kq dks ugha ekjrk gS D;ksafd \
Crystals of Bt toxins produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because
(A) thok.kq VkWfDlu ds izfr izfrjks/d gksrk gS (Bacteria are resistant to the toxin.)
(B) VkWfDlu ifjiDo ugha gksrk gS (Toxin in not muatured.) (C) VkWfDlu dk fØ;k'khy ugha gksuk (Toxins are inactive)
(D) thok.kq VkWfDlu dks fo'ks"k FkSyh esa j[krk gS (Bacteria incloses toxins in a special sac.)
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : t RNA vMkWIVj v.kq Hkh dgykrs gSaA
dFku&II : RNA esa ,aVhdksMksu ywi ds lkFk vehuks ,flM ,DlsIVj Nksj Hkh gksrs gSasA
Statement-I : t RNA is also called adaptor molecules.
Statement-II : t RNA has anticodonloop and also amino-acid acceptor end.
12. dFku&I : vletkr vax dk leku mn~Hko gksrk gSA
dFku&II : i{kh dk ia[k ,oa tUrq ds ikn vletkr vax gSaA
Statement-I : Analogous organs have common origin.
Statement-II : Feathers of the birds and limbs of the animals are analogous organs.
13. dFku&I : fMiQkWjsLVs'ku Xykscy okfe±x ds dkjdksa esa ls ,d izeq[k dkjd gSA
dFku&II : CO2 ds vykok Hkh nks vU; xSls feFksu vkSj DyksjksÝyksjks dkcZu Hkh gfjr x`g izHkko mRiUu djrs gSaA
Statement-I : Deforestation is one main factor contributing to global warming.
Statement-II : Besides CO2 two other gases methane and chloro floro carbons also cause greenhouse effect.
14. dFku&I : de xgjsikuh esa gksus okyh tM+;qDr ikS/ksa dks tyiYyo dgrs gSaA
dFku&II : de xgjs ikuh esa Hkh izeq[k mRiknd gSaA
Statement-I : Shallow—water rooted plants are called phytoplankton.
Statement-II : They are the dominant producers in shallow—water.
Bio-[ 37 ]
15. dFku&I : ijkx.k dks jksdus ds fy, foiql
a u rduhd dks iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dFku&II : ifjiDork ds igys ijkxdks"k dks dkVdj gVk nsus dh izfØ;k dks foiqalu dgrs gSaA
Statement-I : The technique emasculation is used to prevent pollination.
Statement-II : Emasculation is the removal of anther before maturity.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. buesa ls fdu thok.kqvksa dk iz;ksx vkS|ksfxd :i ls vEy cukus esa gksrk gS\
Which of the microbes are used in commercial production of acids
(A) ,LiftZyl ukbtj (Aspergillus)
(B) bfLpfjf'k;k dksykbZ (Escherichia coli)
(C) DykfLVªfM;e C;wVfs yde (Clostridium butylicum)
(D) czholZ ;hLV (lsdjksekbfll lsjsohlh) (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)
17. vySafxd iztuu ds jpukvksa dk mnkgj.k gS\
Asexual reproductive structures are
(A) dfydk (Bud) (B) cht (Seed) (C) dksuhfM;k (Conidia) (D) dksbZ ugha (Ovum)
18. ekbVksfll ds fy, mi;qDr dFku gSa\
For mitosis the correct statements are :
(A) ;qXet mRiknu ds le; ;g gksrk gS (It Occurs during gamete production.)
(B) iq=kh dksf'kdkvksa esa xq.klw=kksa dh la[;k ekr` dksf'kdkvksa ds cjkcj gksrh gSA (Daughter cells have same no. of
chromosome as of parent cell.)
(C) ,d ekr` dksf'kdk ls nks iq=kh dksf'kdk,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSA (Two daughter cells are produced from one parent cell.)
(D) mi;qDr lHkh lgh gS (All statements are true.)
19. ijthoh tarq (Transgenic animal) (A) jkbtksch;e (Rhizobium)
20. chúVhú dikl (Bt Cotton) (B) mRifjorZu (Mutation)
21. s u fLFkjhdj.k (Nitrogen-fixation)
ukbVªkt (C) oSlhyl Fkqjhuft,afll (Bascillus thuringiensis)
22. Mhú ,uú ,ú ohU;kl dh kÜ à[kyk esa ifjorZu (D) tUrq ftuesa cká Mhú ,uú ,ú gksrs gSAa
(Alteration of DNA sequence) (Animal having foreign DNA)
m¼j.kµlw{e tho i`Foh ij thou dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA lHkh lw{e tho jksx dkjd ugha gksrs gSaA vusd lw{e
tho euq";ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA ge vius nSfud thou esa lw{e] thoksa dh enn ls cuk, x, inkFkks± dk mi;ksx djrs
gSaA ySfDVd vEy thok.kq (LAB) uked thok.kq nw/ ls ngh cuus dh izfØ;k esa enn djrk gSA vkVs ls czMs cukus ds fy,
Bio-[ 38 ]
vkVs esa [kehjhdj.k dh izfØ;k dks lSdsjksekblsl lfoZlh uked ;hLV rst djrk gSA bMyh rFkk Mksl tSls O;atu cukus dh
izfØ;k esa [kehjhdj.k lw{e thoksa }kjk gh djk;k tkrk gSA cSDVhfj;k rFkk iQUtkbZ }kjk iuhj ds :i] Lokn vkfn dks csgrj
cuk;k tkrk gSA thok.kqvksa dk mi;ksx dj vusd vkS|ksfxd mRikn (tSls ySfDVd vEy ,flfVd vEy rFkk vYdksgy) izkIr
fd, tkrs gSa] ftudk mi;ksx vusd vkS|ksfxd izfØ;kvksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA vusd lw{e thoksa dk mi;ksx djds fofHkUu
,fUVck;ksfVd nok;sa (tSlsµ isfuflyhu) cukbZ tkrh gS] ftudk mi;ksx vusd jksxksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA fMIFkhfj;k] U;weksfu;k
rFkk dqdqj[kk¡lh tSls laØed jksxksa ds fuokj.k esa ,UVhck;ksfVd dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA lkS lkyksa ls Hkh vf/d le;
ls lw{e thoksa dk mi;ksx djds iznwf"kr O;FkZ ty dks iqu% mi;ksx ds yk;d cuk ldrs gSa] ftlls ty ds iqu% pØ.k esas
lgk;rk feyrh gSA feFksu mRiknu thok.kq (feFksukstsu) ikni vof'k"Vksa dk vi?kVu dj feFksu xSl (ck;ksxSl) cukrs gSaA
thok.kqvksa }kjk fufeZr bl ck;ksxl
S dk mi;ksx xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa mQtkZ lzksr ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA lw{e thoksa }kjk gkfudkjd
dhVksa dks Hkh u"V fd;k tkrk gS] ftl fØ;k dks ^^ck;ksdUVªksy** dgrs gSaA ^^ck;ksdUVªksy** ds lk/uksa dk mi;ksx djds ge
dhVksa dks u"V djus esa iz;ksx fd, tkus okys gkfudkjd fo"kkDr dhVuk'kdksa ds mi;ksx dks de dj ldrs gSaA vktdy
jklk;fud moZjdksa ds LFkku ij tSfod moZjdksa dh vko';drk c<+ xbZ gSA vusd mi;ksxksa ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd lw{e thoksa
dk euq"; dds fgr esa vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
Microbes are very important component of life on earth. Not all microbes are pathogenic. Many mi-
crobes are very useful to human being. We use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day.
Bacteria called latic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk to Convert it into curd. The dough, which is used to make
bread, is fermented by yeast called saccharomyces cerevisiae. Certain dishes such as idli and dosa, are made
from dough fermented by microbes. Bacteria and fungi are used to impart particular texture, taste and flavour
to cheese. Microbes are used to produce industrial products like lactic acid, acetic acid and alcohol, which are
used in a variety of processes in the industry. Antibiotics like penicillin's produced by useful microbes are used
kill disease— causing harmful microbes. Antibiotics have played a major role in controlling infectious diseases
like diphtheria. Whooping cough and pneumonia. For more than a hundred years, microbes are being used to
treat sewage (waste water) by the process of activated sludge formation and this helps in recycling of water in
nature. Methanogens produce methane (biogas) wile degrading plant waste. Biogas produced by microbes is
used as source of energy in rural areas. Microbes can also be used to kill harmful pests, a process called as
biocontrol. The biocontrol measures help us to avoid heavy use of toxic pesticides for controlling pests. There
is a head need these days to push for use of biofertilisers in place chemical fertilizers, it is clear from the diverse
uses human beings have put microbes to that they play an important role in the welfare of human society.
23. ml cSDVhfj;k dk uke crk,¡ tks nw/ ls ngh cuus dh izfØ;k esa enn djrk gS\
Name the bacteria which help conversion of mile into curd.
(A) lkbfVªd vEy thok.kq (Citric acid bacteria)
(B) ySfDVd vEy thok.kq (lactic acid bacteria)
(C) vYdksgfyd thok.kq (Alcoholic bacteria) (D) ;hLV (yeast)
24. ck;ksxl
S ds fuekZ.k esa fdl izdkj ds lw{etho lgk;rk djrs gSa\
Which type of molecule help in the formation of biogas.
(A) fo"kk.kq (Virus) (B) thok.kq (Bacteria)
(C) ;hLV (Yeast) (D) iQUtkbZ (Fungi)
25. vkVs ls czMs cukus dh izfØ;k esa dkSu lk lw{etho [kehjhdj.k esa enn djrk gS\
Which microbe helps in process of fermentation during bread formation from flour
(A) feFksukstsu (Methanogens)
(B) ySDVkscSflyl (Lacto Bacillus)
(C) lSdsjksekblsl lfoZlh (Sacchromyces cerevisiae)
(D) iQUtkbZ (Fungai)
Bio-[ 39 ]
SECTION([k.M)–II

Q. No. 1 to 11 are short answer typs questions. Each questions carries 3 marks. 11 × 2 = 22
1. lh/k fijkfeM vkSj mYVk fijkfeM eas D;k varj gS\ mnkgj.k ds lkFk fy[ksa\
What is the difference between upright pyramide and inverted pyramide. Explain it with example.
2. lsc dks dwV iQy D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\ iwQy dk dkSu lk Hkkx iQy fuekZ.k djrk gS\
Why is apple alled a false fruit? Which part of the flower forms the fruit ?
3. ,d f'k'kq dk jDr lewg ‘O’ gSA ;fn mlds firk dk jDr lewg ‘A’ rFkk ekrk dk jDr lewg ‘B’ gks rks crk,¡µ
f'k'kq ds ekrk&firk dk thuksVkbi D;k gS\ muds vfHkHkkodksa dh vU; lUrkuksa dk lEHkkfor thuksVkbi D;k gksxk\
A Child has blood, group O. If the father has blood group A and the mother has blood group B. Work out the
genotypes of the parents and the possible genotype of the other offsprings.
4. iQkLiQksjl pØ dks laf{kIr esa o.kZu djsaA (Discuss in brief the phosphorus cycle.)
5. Mhú ,uú ,ú dh Ükà[kyk dk Øe foU;kl fuEufyf[kr gSA
‘5 ATC GAC TGACAGTCGATC 3’ Mhú,uú,ú ds iwjd Ükà[kyk 5'→8' fn'kk esa fy[ksaA
If the sequence of one strand of DNA is written as follows.
‘5 ATC GAC TGACAGTCGATC 3’
Write down the sequence of complementary strand in 5' → 3' direction.
6. U;wDykLkkse D;k gS\ bldh jpuk dh laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA (What is nucleosomes briefly describe its structure.)
7. 'kjkc o u'khyh nokvksa ds lsou ls gksus okys gkfudkjd izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa fy[ksaA (Write three harmful effects caused
by Drug abuse/Alcohol.)
8. fuEufyf[kr inks dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA
(A) ck;ksikbjslh (Biopiracy) (B) Dyksfuax (Cloning)
(C) tsfuVdyh eksfMiQkbM vkWxfZ uTe (vuqofa 'kdr% :ikarfjr tho (thú ,lú vksú) (Genetically modified Organism (GMO)
9. letkr vax D;k gS \ mnkgj.k lfgr crk,¡ A (What are homologous organs ? Give some examples.)
10. DNA vaxqyh Nkih D;k gS \ blds nks mi;ksx crk,¡ A (What is DNA fingerprinting ? State its two uses.)
11. f=klay;u D;k gS \ blds }kjk fdl lajpuk dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS \ (What is triple fusion ? Name the structure made by it.)
12. fdlh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k ds lHkh vo;oksa dk o.kZu djsa A (Describe all the factors of an ecosystem.)
Or,
fdlh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k esa dkcZu pØ dk o.kZu djsa A (Explain the carbon-cycle in an ecosystem.)
13. ,d LoPN fp=k }kjk ,d izk:fid vko`rthch vksO;wy ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dks n'kkZ;saA
With a neat diagram explain the 7 celled, 8 nucleate nature of the female gametophyte.
14. fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fy[ksaA (Write Critical notes on the following.)
(A) ;wVªks&iQhds'ku (Eutropication) (B) Mhú ,uú ,ú (DNA) (C) lgthfork (Commensalism)
15. tsfufVd bUthfu;fjax D;k gS\ ;g euq"; dY;k.k ds fy, dSls mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS\
What is genetic engineering ? How can it work for human welfare ?

Bio-[ 40 ]
MODEL PAPER
d{kk– XII
jlk;u'kkL= (CHEMISTRY)

oLrq f u"B iz ' u (Objective)
xS j &oLrq f u"B iz ' u (Non-Objective)
gh mÙkj nsa A
(a) (b) (Q) (d)

Chem.-[ 1 ]
ijh{kk 2010
PEN ONLY.
A C D A C D
A C D A C D

c c c c c c c c
3. Subject / fo"k;
d d d d d d d d
f f f f f f f f
h h h h h h h h
k k k k k k k k
27. A B C D
1. A B C D 14. A B C D 28. A B C D
2. A B C D 15. A B C D 29 I. A B C D
6. A B C D 19. A B C D 30 I. A B C D
9. A B C D 22. A B C D
10. A B C D 23. A B C D
11. A B C D 24. A B C D
12. A B C D 25. A B C D
13. A B C D 26. A B C D
Chem.-[ 2 ]
MODEL SET (iz k :i i=k )–I
SECTION([k.M)–I
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqf u"B ç'u)

correct answer.
1. [Ni(CO)4] esa fudsy dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k gSµ (The oxidation state of Nickel in [Ni(CO)4] is :)
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2
R R
2. fuEu esa fdldk iz;ksx C = O ls CH2 ds vodj.k esa mi;ksx ugha gksrk gSA
R R
R R
Which one of the following cannot be used for the reduction of C = O to CH2
R R
(A) Dyhes'ku izfrfØ;k (Clemmensen) (B) oqtZ izfrfØ;k (Wurtz Reaction)
(C) oksYiQ fd'kuj izfrfØ;k (Wolf-Kishner reaction ) (D) HI/yky P (HI/red P)
3. ;fn fMlilZu isQt nzo gS vkSj fMliu ekè;e Bksl gS rc dksykbM tkuk tkrk gSA
If dispersed phase is liquid and dispersion medium is solid, the colloid is known as:-
(a) lkWy (A Sol) (b) tsy (A gel) (c) beylu (An emulsion) (d) iQkse (A foam)
4. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu la?kud cgqyd ugha gS (Which of the following is not a condensation polymer :)
(A) XykbiVy (Glyptal ) (B) ukbyksu (Nylon – 6, 6)
(C) MkbØksu (Dacron ) (D) PTFE
5. xeZ NaOH ds ?kksy ls Cl2 xSl izfrfØ;k dj cukrk gSA (The reaction of Cl2 with hot NaOH gives)
(A) NaCl, NaClO3 (B) NaCl (C) NaCl, NaOCl (D) NaClO3
6. izFke Øe dh izfrfØ;k ds fy, osx fLFkjkad dh bdkbZ gksrh gSA
The unit of rate constant of First order reaction is
(A) le;µ1 (Time -1) (B) eksy yhVjµ1lsds.Mµ1 (Mole litre -1 sec -1)
(C) yhVj eksyµ1 lsds.Mµ1 (Litre mole -1 sec -1) (D) yhVj eksyµ1 lsds.M (Litre mole -1 sec )
7. CHI3 ds ,UVhlsIVhd fØ;k dk dkj.k gS& (The antiseptic action of CHI3 is due to )
(A) vkbMksiQkeZ (Iodoform)
(B) vk;ksMhu eqDr gksdj fudyuk (Liberation of free iodine)
(C) vkaf'kd vk;ksMhu vkSj vkaf'kd vk;MksiQkeZ (Partially due to iodine and partially due to CHI3 itself)
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (None of these)
Chem.-[ 3 ]
8. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk jlk;u dk mi;ksx csgkslh ds fy, gksrk gSA (Which of the following chemicals are used as
anaesthetic)
(A) CCl4 (B) (C) CHCl3 (D)
9. VhVSfu;e vius ;kSfxd esa pqEcdh; vk?kq.kZ 1.73 B.M. iznf'kZr djrk gSA VhVSfu;e dk vkWDlhdj.k la[;k bl ;kSfxd esa D;k gS&(Tita-
nium shows magnetic moment of 1.73 B.M in its compound. What is the oxidation number of Ti in the compound.)
(A) +1 (B) +4 (C) +3 (D) +2
10. feFkkby ,ehu dks cuk;k tk ldrk gSµ (Methylamine can be prepared by :)
(A) owtZ izfrfØ;k (Wurtz reaction ) (B)iQkbMy ØkÝV izfrfØ;k (Friedel- craft’s reaction)
(C) gkWiQesUl czksekbM izfrfØ;k (Hofmann’s bromamide reaction)
(D) DyhesUlu izfrfØ;k (Clemmension reaction)
statements. 5×1=5
(b ) vxj nksuksa dFku lgh gS vkSj dFku II dFku I dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(c) vxj dFku I lgh vkSj dFku II xyr gSA (If statement I is true and statemejnt Ii is talse.)
( d) vxj dFku I xyr vkSj dFku II lgh gSA (If statement I is false and statement II is true.)
11. dFku (Statement)&I : ckWDlkbV ,sY;qfefu;e dk v;Ld gksrk gSA (Bauxite is an ore of aluminium.)
dFku (Statement)&II: ckWDlkbV dk lq=k Al2O3 gksrk gSA ( The formula of bauxite is Al2O3)
12. dFku (Statement)&I : DyksjksiQkWeZ AgNO3 ds lkFk AgCl dk liQsn vo{ksi ugha nsrk gSA (Chloroform does not give
white ppt. of AgCl with AgNO3)
dFku (Statement)&II : CHCl3 esas eqDr Dyksjhu ugha gksrk gSA (CHCl3 does not contains free chlorine.)
13. dFku (Statement)&I : lHkh v;Ld [kfut gksrs gSaA (All ores are minerals.)
dFku (Statement)&II : lHkh [kfut v;Ld gksrs gSaA (All minerals are ore.)
14. dFku (Statement)&I : fgekad esa voueu v.kql[ a ; xq.k gksrk gSA (Depression in freezing-point is a colligative property)
dFku (Statement)&II : DoFkukad esa mUu;u v.kqla[; xq.k gksrk gSA (Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property.)
15. dFku (Statement)&I : yksgk ue ok;q esa 'kh?kz la{kkfjr gksrk gSA (Iron get corroded readily in moist air.)
dFku (Statement)&II : bl izfØ;k dh eqDr mQtkZ /ukRed gksrh gSA (Free energy of the process is positive.)
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. MksykekbV [kfut esa ik;k tkrk gSµ (Dolamite mineral contains.)
(A) Mg (B) Al (C) Ca (D) K
17. csUtkby DyksjkbM dks fdlls Dyksjhuhdj.k ds }kjk VkWybu ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA
Benzyl chloride can be prepared from toluene by chlorination with.
(A) SO2Cl2 (B) SOCl2 (C) Cl2 (D) Naocl
Chem.-[ 4 ]
18. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu dksykbM gSµ (Which of the following are colloids?)
(A) nw/ (Milk) (B) vkbl&Øhe (Ice-cream) (C) ;wfj;k foy;u (Urea solution) (D) jDr (Blood)

19. fxzxukMZ vfHkdeZd (Grignard reagent) (A) Protective colloid
20. fizQ;kWu (Freon) (B) R Mg X
21. beY'ku (Emulsion) (C) CF2Cl2
22. ftysfVu (Gelatin) (D) Milk
fdlh vfHkfØ;k dh dksfV mu lkUnz.k inksa dk ;ksx gksrh gS ftu ij izk;ksfxd :i ls vfHkfØ;k osx okLrfodr% fuHkZj djrk gSA
vfHkfØ;k dh dksfV 'kwU;] iw.kk±d ;k izHkkth gks ldrh gSA (Order of the reactioni is the sum of concentration terms on which
the rate of a reaction actually depends as observed experimentally. Order can be zero, whole number or in fraction.)
23. ,d vfHkfØ;k ds osx fLFkjkad dh bdkbZ vfHkfØ;k ds osx ds leku gSA vfHkfØ;k dh dksfV gSA
In a reaction the units of rate constant are equal to the rate of reaction. The order of reaction is.
(A) 'kwU; dksfV (Zero order) (B) izFke dksfV (First order)
(C) f}rh; dksfV (Second order) (D) Nne~ ,dk.kqd (Pseudo unimolecular)
24. vfHkfØ;k 2NO + O2 → 2NO2 ds fy, osx fLFkjkad dh bdkbZ gaSA (In the reaction 2NO + O2 → 2NO2 the unit of
rate constant is.)
(A) MoIL–1 S–1 (B) Mol–1 LS–1 (C) bar–1 S–1 (D) Lit2 Mol–2 Sec–1
25. Nne~ ,dk.kqd vfHkfØ;k dh mnkgj.k gSaA (One example of pseudo unimolecular reaction.)
(A) H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl H+
(B) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ⎯⎯ → CH3COOH + C2H5OH
(C) CH3CHO → CH4 + CO (D) 2NO + O2 → 2NO2
SECTION ([k.M )–II

1. cgqyhdj.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, (Define Polymerization.)
2. fuEufyf[kr ladqyksa esa dsUnzh; /krq vk;u dh mi&lgla;kstu la[;k D;k gS\ (What is the co-ordination number of the
central metal ions in the following complexes ?)
(i) K2 [Ni (CN)4] (ii) [Co (NH3)6] Cl (iii) [Ag (CN)2 ]
Chem.-[ 5 ]
3. izkFkfed] f}rh;d rFkk r`rh;d ,sYdksgkWy D;k gksrs gSa\ izR;sd dk ,d mnkgj.k nhft,A
What are primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols? Give one example of each.
4. fuEufyf[kr ds bysDVªkWfud foU;kl fyf[k,! (Write down the electronic configuration of )
(i) Cr 3+ (ii) Cu+ (iii) Mn2+
5. lkcquksa dh vis{kk la'ysf"kr viektZd fdl izdkj vf/d vPNk gS\
How are synthetic detergents better than soaps ?
6. dkfLVd lksMk ds 4 xzke (v.kqHkkj = 40) dks ty esa ?kksydj 200 cm3 foy;u cuk;k x;k foy;u dh eksyjrk Kkr dhft,µ
4g of caustic soda (molar mass = 40) is dissolved in water and the solution is made to 200 cm3. Calculate the
molarity of the solution.
7. as kas dks iw.kZ djsa & (Complete the following chemical reactions:-)
fuEukfdar jlk;fud izfrfØ;ksv
(i) Ca3P2 + 6H2O → _________ + _________
(ii) 6XeF4 + 12 H2O → _________ +________+________
8. fuEufyf[kr ;kSfxdksa ds vkbZú;wúihú,úlhú uke fyf[k,µ (Write I.U.P.A.C. name of the following compounds.)
(i) (CH3)2CHNH2 (ii) CH3 (CH2 )2NH2 (iii) C6H5CH2NH2
9. Give one example of a neutral amino acid. Why is it neutral in nature.
,d mnkflu ,sehuks vEy dk uke fy[ksAa ;g D;ksa mnklhu gksrk gSA
10. D-ÚqDVkst dk mi;ksx B.<s is; dks ehBk djus esa gksrk gS ysfdu xeZ is; ds fy, ugha] D;ksa \
Why D-fructose used for sweetening cold drink but not hot ones ?
11. vkd`fr p;fur mRiszjd dk lksnkgj.k O;k[;k djsaA (Explain shape selectivity catalyst with a suitable example.)

12. veksfu;k dk vkS|ksfxd] mRiknu dSls fd;k tkrk gS\
How is ammonia manufactured industrially?
Or,
(A) NH3 gkbMªkstu cU| cukrh gS] ijUrq PH3 ugha cukrh D;ksa\
Why does NH3 from hydrogen bond but PH3 does not?
(B) gSykstu izcy vkWDlhdkjd D;ksa gksrs gSa\
Why are halogens strong oxidizing agents ?
13. fxzxukMZ vfHkdeZd D;k gksrk gS\ fxzxukMZ vfHkdeZd ls fuEu dh fØ;k gksus ij D;k mRiknu izkIr gksrs gSa\
What is Grignard reagent ? What are the products formed when Grignard reagent react with.
(A) IkQkesZfyMkgkbM (Formaldehyde) (B) ,slhVksu (Acetone)
Or,
fuEukafdr dks ifjofrZr fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk gSµ
Convert the following
(A) ,slhfVd vEy ls ,slhVksu (Acetic acid to acetone)
(B) ,slhfVyhu ls ,slhfVd vEy (Acetylene to acetic acid)
(C) csUtksbd vEy ls cSUtSfYMgkbM (Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde)
Chem.-[ 6 ]
14. (A) 298 K ij 0.020 M KCl foy;u dh pkydrk 0.248 S cm–1 gSA bldh eksyjpkydrk dk ifjdyu dhft,A
The Specifit onductivity of 0.020 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.0248 S cm–1 Calculate its molar
cunductivity.
(B) vfØLVyh; in dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A vfØLVyh; Bkslkssa ds dqN mnkgj.k nhft,A
Define the term a morphous’ Give a few examples of amorphous solids.
15. fuEufyf[kr dh O;k[;k djsa
Account for the following:-
(a) PCl5 curk gS ysfdu NCl5 ughaA
PCl5 is known but NCl5 is not known.
(b) ok"ih; voLFkk esa lYiQj ijkpqEcdh; gSA
Sulphur in the vapour state exhibits paramagnetism.
(c) Ýyksjhu dsoy -1 vkDlhdj.k voLFkk iznf'kZr djrk gS tcfd nqljs gSykstu +1, +3, +5 vkSj +7
Fluorine exhibits only -1 oxidation state whereas other halogens exhibit +1, +3, +5 and +7 oxidation state.
(d) vfØ; xSl dsoy Ýyksjhu vkSj vkWDlhtu ds lkFk ;kSfxd cukrk gSA
Noble gases form compounds with fluorine and oxygen only.
(e) Dyksjhu }kjk iQqyks dk fojatd LFkkbZ gS tcfd SO2 }kjk vLFkk;h] D;ksa\
Bleaching of flowers by chlorine is permanent while that by sulphur dioxide is temporary why?
ANSWERS (mÙkj) )
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (A)
6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (C)
16. (A), (C) 17. (A), (C) 18. (A), (D) 19. (B) 20. (C)
21. (D) 22. (A) 23. (A) 24. (D) 25. (B)
Chem.-[ 7 ]
NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrq fu"B)
1. cgqyhdj.k ,d ?kVuk gS ftlesa nks ;k nks ls Polymer vf/d NksVs&NksVs v.kq vkil esa tqVdj cM+s v.kq dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA
bl fuekZ.k ds Øe esa H2O or HCl v.kq dk mRltZu gks Hkh ldrk gS ugha HkhA cM+s v.kq dks cgqyd rFkk NksVs v.kq dks ,dyd
n ( CH 2 = CH 2 ) m|rki ,oa ncko ( CH 2 – CH 2 – )
dgrs gSaA tSls ,dyd cgy
q d
n
mRizjs d
Cl Cl
n(CH2 – CH) n(– CH2 – CH–)n
,dyod cgqyod
Polymerisation is a process in which macro molecule is formed as a union of smaller molecules with or without
elimination of a molecule like H2O, HCl simaller molecule is known as monomers. and bigger one is polymer.
n ( CH 2 = CH 2 )
ethylene
High tempadpresm (
CH 2 – CH 2 –
n
)
(monomer) Catalyst (Polymer Opolyethylene)
Cl Cl
n(CH2 – CH) n(– CH2 – CH–)n
mononer Pve
2. (a) =4 (b) = 6 (c) – 2
3- R – CH2 OH, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH

(H)
R’ CH3 CH3
CH– OH CHOH, CHOH,
R CH3 CH3
R'' C– OH CH3 C2 H 5 C3H 2

COH, C–OH, C–OH,
R' CH3 CH3 C2 H 5
R CH3 CH3 CH3
In Case of 2º and 3º R = R' R'' or R ≠ R' ≠ R''

4. (A) Cr3+ — 1S2, 2S2, 2P6, 3S2, 3P6, 3d3 (B) Cu+ — 1S2, 2S2, 2P6, 3S2, 3P6, 3d10
(C) Mn2+ — 1S2, 2S2, 2P6, 3S2, 3P6, 3d5
5. lkcqu dh rqyuk esa la'ysf"kr fMVts.Z V dk O;okgj fueZyu fØ;k esa Js"B gksrk gSA lkcqu dh rqyuk esa la'ysf"kr fMVtss.Z Vksa ds
ykHk fuEuor~ gS (i) vEyh;] ekè;e esa lkcqu eqDr vEyksa esa ty vi?kfVr gks tkrs gSaA ysfdu la'ysf"kr fMVts.Z Vksa dk iz;ksx
vEyh; ekè;e esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA (ii) lkcqu dk iz;ksx dBksj ty esa ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] tcfd dBksj ty esa Hkh
fMVtsZUV vlkuh ls iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA (iii) lkcqu ckbfMxzaMscy gS tgk¡ fMVtZsUV ugha gSA vr% iznw"k.k dk leL;k jgrk gSA
Soap is a good cleaning agent and is 100% biodegradable Hence does, not creat any pollution problems.
Disadvantage (i) Soap may not be used in hard water since calcium and Magnesium ion present in hard water
produce crude white ppt of calcium (ii) Soap can not be used in acidic solutions since acid precipitate the
insoluble free fatty acids which adhere lo the fabrics and thus block the ability of soap to remove oil and grease
from fabrics.
Where as in detergents, there is only one disadvantage which are not completely biodegredable.
Chem.-[ 8 ]
6. 1000 cc – 40gm – N Solution Approach-2
1000 cc – 4 gm – N/10 Solution Calculation-1
N N
∴ 200cc – 4gm – ×5= Ans
10 2
7. (i) Ca3P2 + 6H2O → 3Ca (OH)2 + 2PH3
(ii)6XeF4 + 12H2O → 4Xe +2XeO3 + 24 HF + 3O2
8. (A) CH3 – CH–NH 2 – Methylethanamine (B)CH3CH2CH2NH2 – Propanamine
CH3
(C) C6H5CH2 NH2 – Bezylamine
9. Xykblhu ,d mnklhu ,ehuks vEy gS (H2N – CH2 - COOH (Glycine is a neutral amino acid H2N – CH2 - COOH)
;g mnkflu gS D;ksafd blesa leku la[;k esa vEyh; COOH leqg vkSj cslhd NH2 lewg gSA
It is neutral because it contains equal number of acidic COOH and basic NH2 group.
10. izQqDVksikbjkukst ehBkl :i gS] tks izQjkukst ds lkFk lkE;koLFkk esa jgrk gS vf/d rki ij lkE; de ehBkl okys izQjkukst dh
vksj vxzlkfjr gks tkrk gSA (The sweeter form is fructopyranose on high temperature causes a shift in the
equilibrium towards less sweet furanose. )
Ikkb;ukst (Pyranose) Úqjkukt (Furanose)
11. mRizsjdh; izfrfØ;k tks fuHkZj djrk gS Mkys x;s mRizjs d dh lajpuk vkSj izfrdkjd rFkk izfriQy dh vkf.od vkdkj ij] vkd`fr
p;fur mRizsjd dgykrk gSA ft;ksykbV vkd`fr p;fur mRizsjd gS D;ksafd bldk guh&dkWEo (da?kh) lajpuk gSA ZSM-5 dk
mi;ksx feFksukWy ls xSlksyhu (isVªky
S ) cnyus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
The catalytic reaction that depends upon the pour structure of catalyst and molecular size of the reactant and
product is called shape selective catalyst.
Zeolites are shape selective catalyst due to their honey-comb structure. ZSM-5 in used to convert methanol
into gasoline (Petrol)

12. veksfu;k v.kq esa ukbVªkt
s u vkSj gkbMªkt
s u ds chp fo|qr&Í.kkRedÙkk esa vUrj dk eku bruk vf/d gksrk gS ftlls gkbMªkt
s u
cU/u vklkuh ls cu tkrk gSA tcfd iQkLiQhu esa ;g ckr ugha gSA
In Case of NH3, there is sufficient electronegative. difference between N and H for the formation of hydrogen
bond where as the electronegativaty difference, between P and H is very less.
Or,
(A) CH COOH + Ca(OH) → (CH3COO)2Ca
3 2
drydistallation
CH3CO CH3 + CaCO 3

1% HgSO 4 ( 0)
CH ≡ CH CH3CHO ⎯⎯ → CH3COOH
20% H 2SO 4
COOH COCl CHO
Pd/BaSO4
PCl5 + H2
Rose mund Reduction
Chem.-[ 9 ]
(B) gSykstu vkDlhdkjd gS D;ksafd mldk vip; bysDVªksMfcHko dk eku mPp gksrk gS ;k gSykstu vklkuh ls nwljs inkFkks±
ls bysDVªkWu Lohdkj djrk gSA (Halogen is oxidising agent because of its high reduction potential or Halogens
rechadily accept electron from other substanses.)
O/MgX
| H O/H+
H-C = O + RMgX H–C–R 2 R–C–OH + Mg (OH)X
13.
| | |
H H H
R
+
H2O/H
C = O + RMgX Mg(OH)X + Mg(OH)X
all the step should be mentioned.

Step– I – 1 marks }in each case
II – 1 marks
1000L
14. (A) λm = Where L = Specific conductivity C = Concentration
C
1000× 0.0248 248
= = =1245 cm–2 mol –1
0.2 2
Formula = 2 marks Calculation = 1 marks
(B) vfØLVyh; inkFkZ % µ vfØLVyh; Bksl os inkFkZ gksrs gSa ftuds vo;oh d.kksa (ijek.kqvksa rFkk vk;uks) dk dksbZ
fuf'pr T;kferh; fcU;kl ugha gksrk gSA tSls dk¡p] flYdk] IykfLVd vkfnA
Solid which unlike crystalline solid, do not have an ordered arrangement of their constituent atom or ion,
but have disorder or random arrangement are called amorphous solid .
Example : Ordinary glass, Rubber, Silca, Plastic.
15. (a) Nitrogen can not extend its valence from 3 to 5 due to absence of d-orbital while phosphorous shows
pentavalence as d-orbital are present in its valence shell.
(b) In vapour State (~1000k), Sulphur partly exists as S2 molecule like O2 has two unpaired electrons in the
anti-bounding π molecular orbital and exhibits Paramagnetism.
(c) Electronic Configuration of fluorine is 1s22s22px22py22pz1. It has only one orbital half filled and no d-orbital.
The orbital cannot be unpaired. Being highly electronegative, it shows only -1 oxidation state as it saturates
its valence shell by accepting one electron.
In all other halogen d-orbital are present and ns and p –orbital can be unpaired and the electrons are
accommodated in d-orbitals, i.e. showing +3, +5 and +7 oxidation states.
(d) It is because F2 and O2 are the best oxidizing agents :
(e) In presence of moisture, chlorine acts as an oxidizing agent and a bleaching agent
Cl2 + H2O → HCl + HOCl
Unstable
HOCl → HCl + O (Nascent oxygen)
Coloured mater +O → Colourless matter.
The bleaching action is permanent due to nascent oxygen. Bleaching action of SO2 in presence of moisture
is due to nascent hydrogen. 2SO2 + 2H2O→H2SO4 +2H
Coloured matter +H→ colourless matter.
Therefore bleaching action of SO2 is temporary.

Chem.-[ 10 ]
SECTION([k.M)–I

correct answer.
1. fØLVy esa laHkkfor vkdk'kh; tkyd ds fdrus izdkj gSa\ (How many kind of space lattices are possible in a crystal.)
(A) 23 (B) 7 (C) 230 (D) 14
2. dqgklk dksykbMh foy;u dk dkSu mnkgj.k gS\ (Fog is an example of colloidal solution of.)
(A) ifj{ksi.k ekè;e xSl esa nzo ifj{ksfir gS (Liquid dispersed in gas)
(B) ifj{ksi.k ekè;e xSl esa xSl ifj{ksfir gSA (Gas dispersed in gas)
(C) ifj{ksi.k ekè;e xSl esa Bksl ifj{ksfir gSA (Solid dispersed in gas)
(D) ifj{ksi.k ekè;e nzo esa Bksl ifj{ksfir gSA (Solid dispersed in liquid)
3. iSQjkMs dk fo|qr foPNsnu fu;e lacaf/r gS (Fardays laws of Electrolysis are related to)
(A) ?kuk;u ds ijek.kq la[;k ls (Atomic No. of the cation)
(B) Í.kk;u ds ijek.kq la[;k ls (Atomic no. of the cation)
(C) oS|qr vi?kVu ds lerqY; Hkkj ls (Equivalent weight of electrolyte)
(D) ?kuk;u ds osx ls (Speed of cation)
4. dkSu cgqy mi;ksxh ,saVhck¡;ksfVd gSA (A broad spectrum antibiotic is.)
(A) ikjkflVkeksy (Paracetamol) (B) isUlhfyu (Peniciline)
(C) ,lihjhu (Aspirin) (D) Dyksj,EiQhlhukjse (Chloramphenicol)
5. tc vf/d ek=kk esa oS|qr vi?kVd dks dksykbM esa fudkyrs gSa] rc ;gµ
When excess of an electrolyte is added to a colloid it–
(A) te tk;sxk (Coagulates) (B) foy; gks tk;sxk (gets diluted)
(C) vo{ksi cu tk;sxk (Precipitates) (D) dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksxk (does not change)
⎛ Eo ⎞
6. vkgsZfu;l lehdj.k (In Arhenius Equation,) K = A exp ⎜ − ⎟ A dks osx fLFkjkad dg ldrs gSa (may be termed as
⎝ RT ⎠
rate constant at)
(A) cgqr fuEu rki ij (very low temperature) (B) fLFkj rki ij (Constant temperature)
(C) 'kwU; lfØ;.k ÅtkZ ij (Zero activation energy)
(D) vfHkfØ;k feJ.k ds viorZukad (Boiling temperature of the reaction mixture)
Chem.-[ 11 ]
7. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu ikjkpqEcdh; gSA (Which is paramagnetic in the following )
(A) Zn+2 (B) Cu+2 (C) Sc+3 (D) Mn+2
8. ukbVªkstu isaVkgSykbM ugha cukrk gS D;ksafd (Nitrogen doesnot form pentahalide because)
(A) vkdkj NksVk gS (Its size is small)
(B) bldk vk;ru foHko vf/d gS (Its ionisation energy is high )
(C) blesa ‘d’ vkfcZVy ugha gS (No ‘d’ orbital is available)
(D) bldk En vf/d gS (Its En is high.)
9. K+ ion fdldk vkblksbysDVªkWfud gSµ (K+ ion is isoeletronic with—)
(A) Na + (B) Ne (C) Ar (D) Cs+
10. lksfM;e gkbMªksvkWDlkbM vf/d ek=kk esa Zn ls izfrfØ;k dj cukrk gSA
Excess of sodium hydroxide react with Zn to form
(A) ZnH2 (B) Na2ZnO2 (C) Zno (D) Zn(OH)2
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : mRizjs d dh mifLFkfr esa vfHkxkeh (forward) vkSj izfrxkeh (backward) vfHkfØ;k dk osx dqN gn rd c<+ tkrk gSA
dFku&II : vfHkxkeh vkSj izfrHkkxh nksuksa vfHkfØ;k dks lfØ;.k ÅtkZ dqN gn rd de gks tkrk gSA
Statement-I : The presence of a catalyst increases the speed of the forward and backward reaction to the same
extent.
Statement-II : Activation energies for both the forward and backward reaction is lowered to the same
extent.
12. dFku&I : KMnO4 ,d jaxhu ;kSfxd gSA
dFku&II : KMnO4 dk jax vkos'k LFkukUrj.k ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
Statement-I : KMnO4 is a coloured compound.
Statement-II : Colour of KMnO4 is due to charge transfer.
13. dFku&I : ÚsUdy nks"k ds dkj.k] fØLVyh; Bksl ds ?kuRo ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk gS A
dFku&II : ÚsUdy nks"k esa ?kuk;.k vkSj Í.kk;.k] fØLVy dks ugha NksM+rk gSA
Statement-I : Due to Frenkel defect there is no effect on the density of the crystalline solid.
Statement-II : In Frenkel defect no anion or cation leaves the crystal.
14. dFku&I : lsUMes;j izfrfØ;k esa Mk;,uksfu;e yo.k dks dkWij ikmMj ds lkFk xeZ djrs gSa \
dFku&II : lssUMes;j izfrfØ;k Lora=k ewyd esdsfuTe ds }kjk gksrk gSA
Statement-I : In Sandmeyer reaction diazonium salt is heated with Cu power.
Statement-II : Sandmeyer's reactin occurs by a free radical mechanism.
Chem.-[ 12 ]
15. dFku&I : iQkWLiQksjl dk isaVkgSykbM gksrk gS tcfd ukbVªkstu dk ugha gksrk gSA
dFku&II : iQkWLiQksjl dk fo|qr Í.kkRedrk ukbVªkstu ls de gksrk gSA
Statement-I : Pentahalides of phosphorus are known but not those of nitrogen.
Statement-II : Phosphorus has lower electronegativity than nitrogen.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. cstyfMgkbM ls lacaf/r dkSu fuEufyf[kr dFku lR; gS (Which of the following statements are true about
benzaldehyde)
(A) ;g VkWysUl izfrdj.k dks vod`r djrk gS (It reduces Tollen's reagent)
(B) ;g dSfutkjh izfrfØ;k nsrk gS (It undergoes Cannizzaro reaction)
(C) ;g ,YMkWy la?kuu nsrk gS (It undergoes Aldol condensation)
(D) ;g lksfM;e ckblYiQkbV ,MDV cukrk gS (It forms sodium bisulphite adduct)
17. B. C. C. ;wfuV lsy ds ckjs esa lgh gSA (What is true about B. C. C. unit cell.)
(A) ;wfuV lsy esa ijek.kq la[;k nks gS (Number of atom in unit cell is 2)
(B) ;wfuV lsy esa ijek.kq la[;k pkj gS (Number of atom in unit cell is 4)
(C) ;wfuV lsy esa dsUnz ij ,d ijek.kq (In addition to an atom at the centre of the body in the unit cell, there are
eight atoms at eight corners.)
(D) buesa lHkh (All of these)
18. RCONH2 dh izfrfØ;k Br2 ,oa KOH ds feJ.k ls djkus ij RNH2 eq[Õk izfriQy cukrk gSA bl izfrfØ;k esa baVjfefM;V
la;qDr jgrk gSA (Reaction of RCONH2 with a mixture of Br2 and KOH gives RNH2 as the main product. The
intermediates involved in the reaction are.)
(A) RCONHBr (B) R – N = C = O (C) RCONBr2 (D) RNHBr
19. fiQykWLiQj Åy (Philosphors Wool) (A) AgNO3
20. ywuj dkfLVd (Lunar Caustic) (B) PbO
21. dSyksesy (Calomel) (C) ZnO
22. fyFkktZ (Litharge) (D) Hg2Cl2
feFkkby fdVksuhd xzqi dh mifLFkfr dh tk¡p KOH ;k NaOH tSls {kkj dh mifLFkfr esa l2 ls dh tkrh gSA bl
ifjfLFkfr esa igys VªkvkbMks fdVksu izfriQy curk gS tks tyk'k; ds ckn varr% vkbMksiQkWeZ cukrk gSA vfYMgkbM xzqi dh tk¡p]
VkWysUl izfrdkjd ds lkFk tks pk¡nh niZ.k cukrk gS rFkk isQgfyax ?kksy ds lkFk tks dkWij (1) vkWDlkbM dk yky vo{ksi nsrk
gS] ls dh tkrh gSA VkWysDl izfrdkjd ,fyiSQfVd ,oa ,jksesfVd vfYMgkbM nksuksa dks vkWDlhd`r dj nsrk gS ijarq isQgfyax ?kksy
dsoy ,fyissQfVd vfYMgkbM dks vkWDlhd`r djrk gSA
The presence of the methyl ketonic group is tested with l2 in presence of an alkali like NaOH or KOH.
Under these conditions, the product trioidoketone first formed hydrolyses to give iodoform finally. Aldelyde
group is tested by Tollen's reagent which gives silver mirror or by Fehling solution which gives red precipitate of
Cu (I) oxide. Tollen's reagent oxidises both aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde but Fehling solution oxidises alliphatic
aldehyde only.
Chem.-[ 13 ]
23. dkSu vkbMksiQkWeZ tk¡p nsxk \ (Which will give iodoform test.)
O O O O
|| || || ||
(A) CH3 – C – CH 2 – C – CH3 (B) CH3 – C – C – CH 3
O O
|| ||
(C) CH3 – C –OH (D) CH 3 – C –Cl
24. isQgfyax ?kksy vkWDlhd`r ugha djsxk A
Fehling solution will not oxidise
(A) CHO (B) CH – CH3 (C) CH2CHO (D) HCHO
|
OH
25. vfYMgkbM isQgfyax foy;u ds lkFk nsxkA (Aldehyde will give with Fehling solution. )
(A) mtyk vo{ksi (White precipitate) (B) yky vo{ksi (Red precipitate)
(C) gjk vo{ksi (Green precipitate) (D) uhyk vo{ksi (Blue precipitate)


1. gkbiksiQkLiQksjl vEy vodkjd gS tcfd iQkLiQksfjd vEy ugha] O;k[;k djsaA
Explain, hypophosphorous acid acts as a reducing agent but phosphoric acid does not.
2. NO3– ,oa lajpukRed :i ls dSls fHkUu gSA
How do NO3– and PO3– differ structurally ?
3. vkWDlhtu dk v.kq lw=k O2 gS tcfd lYiQj dk S8, O;k[;k djsAa
Explain oxygen molecule has formala O2 but sulphur is S8.
4. NaCl esa iM+kslh vk;u ds chp varjukfHkdh; nwjh 0.282 nm ,oa Bksl NaCl dk ?kuRo 2.17 × 103 Kg/m3 gS rks ,osxknzks
la[;k (fLFkjkad) dh x.kuk djsa A (Calculate the value of Avogadro constant from the internuclear distance of
adjacent ion in NaCl is 0.282 nm and the density of soild NaCl formula units is 2.17 × 103 kg/m3)
5. fuEukafdr izekf.kd bysDVªksM foHko 25ºC ij fn, x, gSa A
From the following standard electrode potentials at 25ºC. Cu2+ + 2e = Cu, Eº = + 0.34 V Cu2+ + e = Cu+, Eº = + 0.15 V
lehdj.k Cu + Cu2+ = 2Cu+ ds fy, lkE; fLFkjkad dh x.kuk djsa A
Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction Cu + cu2+ = 2Cu+
6. izFke Øe ds izfrfØ;k ds fy, nj fu;rkad dk lehdj.k izkIr djsa rFkk lkfcr djsa fd bldh v/Z vk;q izkjafHkd lkanz.k
ij fuHkZj ugha djrh gSA (Derive an equation for the rate constant of a first order reaction and show that its half
life is independent of initial concentration.)
Chem.-[ 14 ]
7. ,MtkWiZlu vkblkscklZ D;k gS \ jklk;fud ,MtkiZlu esa igys ,MtkiZlu c<+rk gS vkSj rc ?kVrk gS] D;ksa \ O;k[;k djsa A
What are adsorption isobars? In case of chemical adsorption, explain why adsorption first increases and then
decreases.
8. fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kksa dks iw.kZ djsa A (Complete the following reactions.)
(a) XeF4 + H2O → (b) l2 + S2O32– → (c) PCl3 + H2O →
9. O;k[;k djsaµVsVªkgksMªy Ni (II) dEiysDlsl ikjkeSXusVhd gksrk gS ijarq LDok;j Iysuj Ni (II) dEiysDlsl Mk;eSXusfVd gksrk gSA
Explain tetrahedral Ni (II) complexes are Paramagnetic but squaire planar Ni (II) complexes are diamagnetic.
10. dSls ifjofrZr djsaxs A (How would you convert)
(a) ,flfVd vEy dks feFkkbZy czksekbM esa (Acetic acid to methyl bromide)
(b) bFkkby DyksjkbM dks C;qVus esa (Ethyl chloride to butane)
(c) ,fufyu dks czksekcsfa tu esa (Aniline to bromobenzene)
11. fuEukafdr lehdj.k dks iw.kZ djsa A
Complete the following reactions
HI + H O
(a) CH 3CH 2OH ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
2 →
I + NaOH (b) CH 3OC ( CH 3 )3 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
2 →

12. dksgykts fu;e dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA bldh enn ls (i) fucZy bysDVªksykbV dh λº dh x.kuk djsa (ii) fucZy bysDVªksykbV dk
fo?kVu dk Øe (fMxzh) fudkysaxsA
Define kohlrausch's law. How does it help in (a) Calculation of λº for a weak electrolyte and (b) degree of
dissociation of a weak electrolyte ?
13. jkmYV ds fu;e mM+u'khy ,oa vmM+u'khy ?kqY; inkFkks± ds fy, fy[ksa vkSj O;k[;k djsa A vkn'kZ vkpj.k ls /ukRed fopyu
dh O;k[;k mfpr mnkgj.k ,oa xzkiQ ds lkFk djsa A
State and explain Roult's law for volatile and nonvolatile solute. Explain the positive deviation from ideal behaviour
with proper example and graph.
14. cgqyhdj.k D;k gS \ ;ksx'khy cgqyhdj.k ,oa la?kuu cgqyhdj.k in dh ifjHkk"kk ,oa O;k[;k ,d&,d mnkgj.k ds lkFk djsaA
What is polymerisation ? Define and explain the term-Addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation
with one example each.
15. (a) ekukslsdsjkbM~l D;k gS\ ;s fdl izdkj oxhZd`r fd;s tkrs gSa A
What are monosaccharides ? How are they classified ?
(b) O;k[;k djsaµD;ksa Xyqdkst vkWDtkbe cukrk gS ijarq Xyqdkst isaVk,flVsV ugha A
Explain why glucose forms an oxime but glucosepentaacetate does not.

Chem.-[ 15 ]
SECTION([k.M)–I

correct answer.
1. ;fn bysDVªksykbfVd foy;u dks ukS xq.kk ruq dj fn;k tk; rks mldk daMDVsUl
If an electronic solution is diluted to 9 times then its conductance
(A) ukSxq.kk c<+ tk,xk (increases by 9 times)
(B) ukSxq.kk ?kV tk,xk (decreases by 9 times)
(C) vifjofrZr jgsxk (remains constant)
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (None of these)
2. daMDVsUl lsy esa yxs nksuksa Pt-bysDVªkM 1.5 cM dh nwjh ij gS tcfd izR;sd bysDVªkWM dk Økl&lsDluy {ks=kiQy 0.75 cm2
gSA lsy fu;rkad D;k gS \
The two electrodes of Pt fitted in a conductance cell are 1.5 cm apart while the cross - sectional area of each
electrode is 0.75 cm2. What is cell constant ?
(A) 0.2 cm–1 (B) 0.5 cm–1
–1
(C) 2.0 cm (D) 1.125 cm–1
3. f}rh; Øe izfrfØ;k dh nj 3 × 10–5 mol L–1 5–1 gSA nj fu;rkad (K) D;k gS izkjafHkd lkUnz.k 0.2 mol L–1 gSA
The rate of second order reaction is 3 × 10–5 mol L–1 5–1. What is the rate consant K, when the initial concen-
tration is 0.2 mol L–1 .
(A) 1.5 × 10–4 (B) 7.5 × 10–4
(C) 7.5 × 10–3 (D) 1.5 × 10–3
4. AlCl3 ds ?kksy ls 1 eksy Al dks tek gksus esa fo|qr dh vko';drk gksxh\
The amount of electricity required to deposite 1 mole of Al from a solution of AlCl3 will be
(A) 0.33 F (B) F
(C) 3F (D) 1 ,Eih;j (1 Ampere)
5. ySfDVd vEy esa dkbjy dkcZu dh la[;k gS
The no of chiral carbon in Lactice aid is.
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 3
6. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldk ty'kks"k.k rhozrk ls gksxk A
Which can readily undergo dehydration.
(A) CH 3 OH (B) C 6H5OH (C) (CH3)3 COH (D) CH3COOH
Chem.-[ 16 ]
7. csUtksvk;y DyksjkbM dks Pd/BaSO4 dh mifLFkfr esa vodj.k djus ls curk gSµ
The reduction of Benzoyl chloride with Pd and BoSO4 produces.
(A) csUtksvk;y DyksjkbM (Benzoyl chloride) (B) csUty DyksjkbM (Benzal chloride)
(C) csUtksbd vEy (Benzoic Acid) (D) mi;qDZ r esa dksbZ ugha (None of above)
8. dkWij ik;jkbV dk lw=k gSµ (The formula of copperpyrite is )
(A) Cu2S (B) CuFeS (C) CuFeS2 (D) Cu2FeS2
9. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu lcls vf/d vEyh; gSµ (Which the following is most acidic—)
(A) H 2 O (B) CH3OH
(C) C2 H5 OH (D) CH3 (CH2)2 CH2OH
10. vkf.od lw=k C2 Br ClFI esa fdrus vkblksej gksxµ
s
The number of isomers of the compound with moleculars formula C2Br ClFI is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : ?kukRed mRizsjd izfrfØ;k dh nj dks c<+krk gSA
dFku&II : mRizsjd ∆Gº ds eku dks ?kVkrk gSA
Statement-I : Positive catalysis increases the rate of reactions.
Statement-II : Catalyst decreases the value of ∆Gº.
12. dFku&I : yksgk dks lkUnz HNO3 vØh; cuk nsrk gSA
dFku&II : yksgk HNO3 izfrfØ;k dj izQsfjd ukbVªsV cukrk gSA
Statement-I : Conc. HNO3 makes passive.
Statement-II : Iron racets with HNO3 to form feric nitrate
13. dFku&I : lHkh /krqvksa dks dkcZu vodj.k fof/ ls izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
dFku&II : dkcZu ,d izcy vodkjd gS] ysfdu dkcZu vkWDlhtu dh rqyuk esa /krq ls vf/dLusg j[krk gSA
Statement-I : All metals cannot be obtained by carbon reduction.
Statement-II : Carbon is very strong reaction agent, but oxygen may have less and with metals than carbon.
14. dFku&I : vØh; xSlsa jlk;fud :i ls vØh; gSA
dFku&II : vØh; xSlksa dh vk;fud mQtkZ vf/d gksrh rFkk bysDVªkWu ca/qrk 'kwU; gksrh gSA
Statement-I : Inert gases are chemically inert.
Statement-II : I.E. of Inert gases is high and Elactron affinity is zero.
15. dFku&I : isUVsu&2-vksu vkSj isUVsu&3&vksu dks vk;MksiQkeZ ijh{k.k ls igpkuk tk ldrk gSA
dFku&II : isUVsu&2 vksu feFkkby fdVksu gS ysfdu isUVsu&3 vksu ughaA
Statement-I : Pentan-2-one can be distinguished from pentan-3-one, by iodoform test
Statement-II : Pentan-2-one is a methyl ketone while pentan-3-one is not.
Chem.-[ 17 ]
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. gsyksiQkWeZ ifj{k.k dkSu nsrk gSA (Hologorm test is given by)
(A) bFksuy (Ethanal) (B) izksisukWu (Propanone) (C) C;qVus kWu (Butanone) (D) izksisukWy&2 (Propnol-2)
17. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu izfr pqEcdh; gSA
Which of the following are diamagnetic.
+2 −2 +2 +3
(A) ⎡ Ni ( H 2 O ) ⎤
⎣ 6⎦
(B) ⎡⎣ Ni ( CN )4 ⎤⎦ (C) ⎡⎣ Zn ( NH3 )4 ⎤⎦ (D) ⎡⎣ Co ( NH 3 )6 ⎤⎦
18. izkFkfed] f}rh;d vkSj r`rh;d ,ehu esa foHksn fdlds izfrfØ;k ls dj ldrs gSa A
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary amine can be distinguished by the action of
CS 2
(A) HgCl2 (B) NaNO2 (C) CHCl3 (D) X 2
HCl KOH NaOH

19. lkbDyks&izksisu (Cyclopropane) (A) leryh; ugha gS (Non-planar)
20. lkbDyks&C;qVsu (Cyclobutane) (B) leryh; gS (Planar)
21. lkbDyks&isUVsu (Cyclopentane) (C) vfrfuEu LFkk;h lkbDyks ,Ydsu (Least stable cyclo alkane)
22. lkbDyks&gsDlsu (Cyclohexane) (D) duiQkWesZ'ku n'kkZrk gS (Shows conformation)
x|ka'kµ jheu&Vheku vfHkfØ;k esa ,yfMgkbM ewyd dk izos'k fiQukWy ds ,jksesfVd oy; ds vkWFkksZokyh txg ij
gksrk gSA ;g vfHkfØ;k bysDVªkWu Lusgh izfrLFkkiu izfrfØ;k esa 'kkfey gksrk gSA ;g izfrLFkkfir lsfylkbyy fMgkbM cukus dh
lekU; fof/ gS tks uhps fn;s x;s gSaA
PARAGRAPH–Riemer-Tiemann reaction introduces an aldehyde group on to the aromatic ring of
phenol,ortho to the hydroxyl group. This reaction involves electrophilic aromatic substitution. This is a general
method for the synthesis of substituted salicyldehydes as depicted below.
–+
OH ONa OH
CHO CHO
Aq.KOH
(1)
(eè;orhZ)
CH3 CH3 CH3

(I) (II) (III)
Chem.-[ 18 ]
23. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl izfrdkjd dk mi;ksx Åij fn;s x;s vfHkfØ;k esa gqvk gS\
Which of the following reagents is used in the above reaction?
(A) aq. NaOH + CH3Cl (B) aq. NaOH + CH2Cl2 (C) aq. NaOH + CHCl3 (D) aq. NaOH + CCl4
24. bl vfHkfØ;k esa dkSu bysDVªkWu Lusgh gSA (The electrophile in this reaction ?)
(A) : CHCl (B) +CHCl2 (C) : CCl2 (D) .CCl3
25. izFke eè;orhZ (Intermediate) dh lajpuk dkSu lk gS\ (The structures of the intermediate I is?)
– + – + – +
– + O Na O Na
O Na O Na
CHCl2 CCl3 CH2OH
CH2Cl
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3


1. ,d ?kuh; Bksl nks rRo P vkSj Q ls cus gq, gSaA ftlesa Q ds ijek.kq ?ku ds dksuksa ij gksrk gS vkSj P ds ijek.kq mlds var%dsUnz
ij gksrk gSA rc ;kSfxd dk v.kqlw=k vkSj lgla;kstu la[;k D;k gSA
A cubic solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atom of Q are at the corners of the cube and P at the body
centre. What is the formula of the compound ? What is the coordination numbers of P and Q.
2. ikuh dk DoFkukad 750 mm Hg ij 99.63ºC gSA rks 500 xzke ikuh esa fdruk lqØkst feykos fd mldk DoFkukad 100ºC gks
tk;A (Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg, is 99.63º C. How much sucrose is to be added to 500 g of waters
such that it boils at 100ºC.)
3. fuEukafdr dks dSls foHksn djsxAas (How will you distinguish between the following.)
(A) ?kksy vkSj ik;l (Solution and emulsion)
(B) yk;ksiQkWfod dksykbM vkSj yk;ksfiQfyd dksykbM (Lyophobic colloid and Lyophilic colloid.)
4. fuEufyf[kr ds dkj.k nsaA (Give reasons for the following.)
(A) lYÝ;qjl vEYk vkDlhdkjd vkSj vodkjd nksukssa dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA (Sulphurous acid acts both as an
oxidising and reducing agent.)
(B) Dyksfju dk fojatd xq.k LFkk;h gS tcfd lYiQj&Mk;DlkbM dk vLFkk;h gSA (Bleaching action of chlorine is
permanent where that of sulphur dioxide is temporary).
Chem.-[ 19 ]
5. fuEukafdr cgqyd ds fuekZ.k esa fdl eksuksej dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
(Give the monomers used for preparing the following polymers.)
(A) iksyhfoukbyDyksjkbM (Polyvinylchloride) (B) VsiQyku (Teflon)
(C) csdsykbV (Bakelite) (D) iksyhLVhujhu (Polystyrene)
6. fuEufyf[kr dk ,d izeq[k mi;ksx cukosaA (Give one important use of each of the following)
(A) DyksjksekbflVhu (Chloramycetin) (B) LVªsiVksekblhu (Streptomycin)
(C) VsVªklkbDyhu (Tetracycline) (D) isfuflfyu (Penicellin)
7. fuEufyf[kr dh O;k[;k djsa\ (Explain the following terms.)
(A) TohVj vk;u (Zwitter ion) (B) vkblks bysDVªhd IokabV (Isoelectic point)
8. fuEufyf[kr ifjorZu dSls izkIr djsaxs\ (How can the following conversions be carried out—)
(A) bFkkby,ehu (Ethylamine) µ bFkkby vYdksgy (Ethyl alcohol)
(B) ,uhfyu (Aniline) – Dyksjkscsaftu (Chlorobenzene)
9. vk;ksfMu ikuh dh vis{kk KI esa vf/d ?kqyu'khy gS] O;k[;k djsAa (Iodine is more soluble in KI than in water exaplain.)
10. HI dk tyh; ?kksy HCl dh rqyuk esa vf/d vEyh; gS] O;k[;k djsAa
HI in aqueous solution is a stronger acid than hydrohloric acid, Explain.
11. dkWij ds mRiknu esa dSYdkslkbV dks tkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA u fd dSYlkbUM] D;ksa\
Why is Chalcocite roasted and not calcined in the recovery of copper ?

12. (A) ,d bZFkj (vkf.od nzO;eku = 74) dk ok"inko 293ºK ij 442 mm Hg gSA ;fn 3 xzke ,d uequs A dks 50g xzke bZFkj
eas blh rki ij ?kqykus gSa rks ok"inko fxjdj 42.6 mm of Hg gks tkrk gSA rc vkf.od nzO;eku dh x.kuk djsa (?kksy
dkiQh ruq gSa) (The vapour pressure of ether (md ut = 74) is 442 mn of Hg at 293º K. If 3g of a sample A
is dissolved in 50g of ether, at this temperature, the vapour pressure falls to 426 mm Hg. Calculate, the
molecular mass of A, assuming that the solution is very dilute.)
(B) Xyqdkst dks ikuh esa feykus ls ?kksy dk ck"inko ikuh ls de D;ksa gks tkrk gSA (Why is the vapour pressure of a
solution of glucose in water is lower than that of water.)
Or,
(A) izFke dksVh vfHkfØ;k dk v¼Zthou dky 60 feuV gSA rks blds vfHkdkjd dks 90% fdrus le; esa u"V gks tk;sxkA
(The Half-life time of a first order reaction is 60 minutes. How long will it take to consume 90% of the
reaction.)
(B) fuEufyf[kr vfHkfØ;k ds osx dks n'kkZosa 2 N2O5→ 2N2O4 + O2
mi;ksx djsa % (i) N2O5 dk lkUnz.k ifjorZu (ii) O2 dk lkUnz.k ifjorZu
Express the rate of reaction of the following reaction : 2 N2O5 → 2N2O4 + O2
Using : (i) Concentration change of N2O5 (ii) Concentration change of O2
+2 +
13. (A) lsy] Ni(s) |Ni (aq 0.01 M)| |Ag (aq 0.1 M)| Ag (s) ds fy, uLVZ lehdj.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djsa vkSj lsy foHko
dk Hkh eku Kkr djsaA (Derive Nerst equation for the cell, Ni(s) |Ni+2 )aq 0.01 M)| |Ag+ (aq 0.1 M)| Ag (s)
Also find the cell potential Given :)
2+
EºAg+/Ag = 0.80V and Eº Ni 1/Ni = – 0.25V
Chem.-[ 20 ]
(B) fuEufyf[kr esa ls izR;sd dk fo|qr foPNsn mRikn dks n'kkZosa
(i) AgNO3 dk tyh; ?kksy] Ag bysDVªksM ds lkFk (ii) AgNO3 dk tyh; ?kksy] Pt bysDVªksM ds lkFk
Predict the products of electrolysis is each of the following.
(i) an aqueous solution of AgNO3 with Ag electrodes. (ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum.
Or,
(A) (i) O;k[;k djsa] D;ksa veksfu;k T;knk {kkfj; gS tcfd BiH3 cgqr de {kkfj; gSA
Explain why NH3 is basic while BiH3 is only feebly basic.
(ii) NH3 dk DoFkukad T;knk gS PH3 ls
Explain why NH3 has highes boiling point the PH3.
(B) fuEufyf[kr ;kSfxd esa lYiQj ds ladj.k vkSj lajpuk dks cukosaA
Discuss the hybridisation Sulphur and structure of the following molecules—
(i) SF6 (ii) SF4 (iii) SCl3
14. (A) vYdksgy ls bZFkj cukus ds nks fof/ dk o.kZu djsaA lkFk gh jlk;fud lehdj.k Hkh fy[ksA
Give two Methods of preparation of ethers from alcohol with chemical equations.
(B) fofy;elu la'ys"k.k ij fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
Write short not on Williamson synthesis.
(C) bZFkj ftldk vkf.od lw=k C4H10O gSA
Write the structural formula of all possible ethers having the molecular formula C4H10O and name them.
Or,
(A) D;k gksrk gS tcfd
What happens when—
(i) VkWyfou dh izfrfØ;k FeCl2 ds mifLFkfr esa Cl2 ls gksrh gSA
Toulben reacts with Cl2 in presence of FeCl2
(ii) bFksuy dh izfrfØ;k lw[kk HCl xSl dh mifLFkfr esa bFkkby vYdksgy ls gksrh gSA
Ethanal is treated with ethanol in the presence of dry HCl gas.
(iii) csutkby ,ehu dh izfrfØ;k nks eksy CH3Cl ls gksrh gSA
Benzyl amine reacts with two moles of CH3Cl.
(B) O;k[;k djsaA D;ksa ,yfMgkbM T;knk fØ;k'khy gksrk gSA fdVksu ls
Explain why aldehydes are more reactive than ketones.
15. bUVªkWih dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA ;g voLFkk dk iQyu gS D;ksa\ fdlh oLrq ds bUVªkWih ij c<+s gq, rki dk izHkko fy[ksaA
Define entropy. Why is it a state function ? Explain the effect of in areased temperatures on the entropy of a
substance.

Chem.-[ 21 ]
SECTION([k.M)–I

correct answer.
1. fuEu esa ls dkSu ,d f}rh; laØe.k Js.kh dk rRo ugha gS \
Which one of the following is not an element of the second transition series.
(A) ekWfyCMsue (Molybodenum) (B) pk¡nh (Silver)
(C) IysfVue (Platinum) (D) ftdkWfu;e (Zirconium)
2. 4 M + 8 CN + 2H2O + O2 → 4 [M(CN)2 + 4OH /krq M gS A
– –
4 M + 8 CN– + 2H2O + O2 → 4 [M(CN)2 + 4OH– the metal M is

(A) Ag (B) Fe
(C) Cu (D) Zn
3. fXyljkWy ,dµ
Glycerol is a–
(A) izkbejh vYdksgy (Primary alcohol) (B) eksuksgkbMªhd vYdksgy (Monohydric alcohol)
(C) lsdsUMªh vYdksgy (Secondary alcohol) (D) VªkbZgkbMªhd vYdksgy (Trihydric alcohol)
4. C3H5Cl3 ds fdrus lajpukRed lek;o gksaxs A
The number of structural isomers of C3H5Cl3 is.
(A) nks (Two) (B) rhu (Three)
(C) pkj (Four) (D) ik¡p (Five)
5. lksfM;e dk lgla;kstu la[;k NaCl esa fdruk gksrk gSA
Coordination number of sodium ion Na+ in NaCl is
(A) pkj (Four) (B) rhu (Three)
(C) N% (Six) (D) ik¡p (Five)
6. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk /krq dk vk;u izfr pqEcdh; gSA
Which one of the following metal ions is diamagnetic.
(A) Ca 3+ (B) V3+
3+
(C) Ti3+ (D) Sc
7. iksVkfl;e iQsjkslkbukbM esa fyxsaMl gS\
The ligand in potassium ferrocyanide is
(A) K + (B) CN– (C) Fe3+ (D) (CN)6 –
Chem.-[ 22 ]
8. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu v.kqla[; xq.k/eZ ugha gSA
Which of the following is a non-colligative property.
(A) fgekad dk voueu (Depression in freezing point) (B) DoFkukad mUu;u (Elevation in boiling point
(C) izdk'kh; fØ;kf'kyrk (Optical activity) (D) ok"inkc dk vkisf{kd voueu (Relative lowering of V.P.)
9. vfHkfØ;k A→B, vfHkfØ;k dk nj nqxwuk gks tkrk gS vxj izfrdkjd dk lkanz.k pkj xquk dj fn;k tkrk gSA vfHkfØ;k dh
dksVh gksxh
In reaction A→B, the rate of reaction increases two times on increasing concentration of reactant four times,
the order of reaction is
1
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) (D) 4
2
10. R2NH ds N ds lkFk dkSu&lk izladj.k gS?
Which of the following hybrid state of N in R2NH is—
(A) sp3 (B) sp2 (C) sp (D) dsp2
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : ?kksy ds dqy vo;oksa dk eksyizHkkx bdkbZ gSA
dFku&II : eksy izHkkx rkiØe ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
Statement-I : The sum of mole fraction of all the components of a solutioin is unity.
Statement-II : Mole fraction is temperature dependent.
12. dFku&I : eqDr mQtkZ ?kVus ls vfHkfØ;k yxkrkj jgrh gSA
dFku&II : yxkrkj gksus okyh vfHkfØ;k m"eknks"kh gksrh gSA
Statement-I : Decrease in free energy comes spontaneons reaction.
Statement-II : Spontaneous reactions are exothermic.
13. dFku&I : eksyj pkydRo] oS|qr vi?kV~; dk ruq?kksy cukus ds c<+rk gSA
dFku&II : ruq?kksy esa vk;u rsth ls ?kwers gSaA
Statement-I : Molar conductance of an electrolyte increases with dilution.
Statement-II : Ions move faster in dilute solution.
14. dFku&I : D;wil
z yo.k izfr pqacdh; inkFkZ gksrs gSaA
+
dFku&II : Cu vk;u esa Hkjk gqvk d-lcHkksx gSA
Statement-I : Cuprous salts are diamagnetic.
Statement-II : Cu+ ion has filled d-subshell.
Chem.-[ 23 ]
15. dFku&I : fiQuksy ds lkFk dksYos vfHkfØ;k gksrh gS ysfdu bFksukWy ds lkFk ugha
dFku&II : fiQukWDlkbM vk;u] bFkkDlkbM vk;u ls vf/d Hkf"kue gksrk gSA
Statement-I : Phenol undergos kolbey's reaction but Ethanol does not.
Statement-II : Phenoxide ion is more basic tham ethoxide.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu ,fUVlsIVhd tSlk dk;Z djrk gS\
Which of the following act as antiseptic ?
(A) vk;ksMhu (Iodine) (B) isUlhyhu (Penicilline)
(C) eksjiQhu (Morphine) (D) okbFkkbuy (Bithional)
17. fUkEufyf[kr esa dkSu lg la;kstd cU/u okyk ;kSfxd gSµ
Which of the following compounds are covalent—
(A) CaCl2 (B) CaO
(C) HCl (D) CO2
18. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu&dkSu ikWfyLVj gSµ
Which of the following is/are polyester.
(A) csdsykbV (Bakelite) (B) Vsjhfyu (Terylene)
(C) XykbIVy (Glyptal) (D) Bun

19. ysohl {kkj (Lwise Base) (A) CaO
20. uhyk dlhl (Blue Vitrol) (B) C6H5NC
21. dyh pwuk (Quick lime) (C) NH3
22. dkckZby vfeu (Carbylamine ) (D) CuSO4. 5H2O
ukfHkdh; foLFkkiu izfrfØ;k ds fy, dkcZu gSykstu ca/u dh /qzoh;rk mÙkjnk;h gS] vkYdkby gSykbM esa vf/dka'kr%
ukfHkdh; foLFkkiu izfrfØ;k SN2 fØ;k fof/ }kjk gksrh gSA SN2 izfrfØ;k nj lewg ds vkdk'kh; vkdkj okys dkjd ij
fuHkZj djrk gSA tcfd SN1 izfrfØ;k fuHkZj djrh bUVjehfM;V ds LFkkf;Ro ij SN2 izfrfØ;k dkbjy vYdkby gSykbZM esa
buHkjlu vkWiQ dUÝ;wxjs'ku gksrk gS tcfd SN1 izfrfØ;k esa jslsekbts'ku gksrk gSA
The Polarity of carbon-halogen bond is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl
halide which mostly occur by SN1 and SN2 mechanism the rate of SN1 reaction among other thing is governed
by steric factors while that of SN1 reactions are governed by the stability of intermediate carbocations. Chirality
has a profound role in undergoing the mechanism of SN1 and SN2 reaction whereas SN2 reactions of chiral
alkyl halides are accompained by inversion of Configurationi, SN1 reactions are charaterised by racemisation.
Chem.-[ 24 ]
23. fuEu esa ls dkSu lk dFku SN1 izfrfØ;k ds fy, lgh ugha gSµ
Which of the following statement regarding the SN1 reaction shown by alkyl halide is not correct?
(A) Mkyk x;k ukfHkd Lusgh SN1 izfrfØ;k dh xfrfd esa Hkkx ugha ysrk gSA
(The added nucleophile plays no kinetic role in SN1 reaction.)
(B) SN1 izfrfØ;k ds buHkjlu vkWiQ dUiQhxjs'ku ls tqM+k gSA
(The SN1 reaction involves the inversion of configuration of the optically active substrate.)
(C) dkcksZdVkbu bUVjesfM;V ds LFkkf;Ro ls SN1 izfrfØ;k rhoz gksrk gSA
(The more stable carbocation intermed intermadiate the faster is the SN1 reaction.)
(D) SN1 izfrfØ;k fdjy dkcZu ds mRikn ds jSlekbts'ku ij [kRe gksrk gSA
(The SN1 reaction on the chiral starting material ends up with recemisation of the product.)
24. An SN2 reaction at an asymmetric Carbon of a compound always gives.
(A) lcLVªsV dk bukufl;ksej
(An enantiomers of the substrate.)
(B) ,d mRikn ftldk vfIVdy jksVs'ku mYVk gS
(A product with opposite optical rotation)
(C) Mk;LVhjh;ksejl dk feJ.k
(A mixture of diastereomers.)
(D) ,d LVªh;ksejl
(Single stereoisomer)
25. vkWfIVdyh ,fDVo vYdkby gsYkkbM dh SN1 izfrfØ;k fdlls tqM+k gSµ
SN1 reaction of optically active alkyl halide leads to.
(A) jhVsU'ku vkWiQ dUiQhxzs'ku (Retention of configuration)
(B) jSle s kbts'ku (Recemisation)
(C) buHkj'ku vkWiQ dUiQhxzs'ku (Inversion of configuration)
(D) dksbZ ugha (None)


1. fuEufyf[kr esa izR;sd dh O;k[;k djsAa
Explain each of the following.
(A) ikjkpqEcdh; xq.k (Paramagnetism) (B) izQsdy nks"k (Frenkel defect)
(C) ifjlkjd nkc dk ncko (Osmotic pressure)
Chem.-[ 25 ]
2. fuEufyf[kr ds ckjs esa crk;sa
Account for following :
(A) bZFkj DoFkukad vYdksgy ls dkiQh de gksrk gS
(The boiling points of ethers are much lower than those of alcohols)
(B) iQsukWy] vYdksgy ls vf/d vEyh; gksrs gSaA
(Phenols are much more acidic than alcohols.)
3. fuEufyf[kr ds izeq[k v;Ldksa ds uke lw=k lfgr fy[ksaµ Hg, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg vkSj Na
Write the name and chemical formula of the main ores of the following metals : Hg, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Na.
4. fuEufyf[kr ds IUPAC ukekdj.k djsaA
Write the IUPAC Name of the following—
(A) CH3 —CH—CONH 2 (B) CH3 —CH 2—CH–CH2—CH 3
|
|
COOH
CH3
Cl
|
(C) CH3 —CH 2—C= CH–CH 3
5. fuEufyf[kr ifjorZuksa dk lehdj.k fy[ksa %
Write the equations of the following conversion.
(A) iQsukWy ls VkWybq u (Phenol to Toluene) (B) csUthu ls ,uhyhu (Benzene to Aniline)
(C) iQsukWy ls lfylkbYlMhgkbM (Phenol to salicy ladehyde)
6. dksYgk:l fu;e fy[ksa rFkk fof'k"V pkydrk dh ifjHkk"kk nsaA
Write Kohlrausch's law and define specific conductivity.
7. fuEufyf[kr ds ckjs esa crk,¡µ
Account for the following —
(A) PH3, NH3 ls detksj Hk"e gSA (PH3 is a weaker base than NH3.)
(B) Ýyksjhu ds bysDVªkWuizhfr (Ea) dk eku Dyksjhu ls de gSA (The electron affinity of Fluorine is less than that
of chlorine.)
(C) HI, HF ls lcy vEy gSA (HI is strong than HF acid)
8. uVZl lehdj.k fy[ks rFkk fuEufyf[kr lsy ds fy, e.m.f. dh x.kuk djsaµ
Mg/Mg+2 (0.001M) // Cu+2 (0.0001M)/Cu. fn;k x;k gSµ Eºcu+2/cu = 0.337 V Eº Mg+2/Mg = – 2.37 V
Write Nernst equation and calculate e.m.f. of the following cell.
Mg/Mg+2 (0.001M) // Cu+2 (0.0001M)/Cu. fn;k x;k gSµ EºCu+2/Cu = 0.337 V Eº Mg+2/Mg = – 2.37 V
9. Cu2+ ds vEyh; ?kksy esa H2S xSl izokfgr djus ij vo{ksi nsrk gS tcfd Zn2+ ugha] D;ksa\
Why does only Cu2+ form precipitate by passing H2S gas through an acidified solution but not Zn2+?
10. O;k[;k djsa [Fe(CN)6]3– fucZy ijkeSxusfVd gS tcfd [Fe(CN)6]4– Mk;keSxusfVd gSA
Explain [Fe (CN)6]3– is a weakly paramagnetic while (Fe (CN)6]4– is diamagnetic.
11. la;ksth ca/ fl¼kar dh enn ls [(Cr (NH3)6]3+ esa ca/u dh O;k[;k djsAa
Discuss the bonding in [Cr (NH3)6]3+ complex with the help of valence bond theory.
Chem.-[ 26 ]
12. vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ izk;% jaxhu D;ksa gksrs gSaA ukfHkdLusgh izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k D;k gksrh gSA PCl5 dh jpuk fy[ksAa
Why are paramagnetic substances usually coloured ? What is nucleophilic substitution reaction ? Draw the
structure of PCl5.
Or,
êksyy voueu (fgekad&fHkÙkh;) fLFkjkad* in dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A fdlh inkFkZ ds 4.0 gm. dks 80.0 gm ikuh esa ?kksyus
ij ikuh ds fgekad esa 1.5k dk voueu gqvkA inkFkZ dk v.kq nzO;eku ifjdfyr dhft,A [fn;k x;k gS % ikuh ds fy, kf
= 1.85 [kg mol–1]
Define the term ‘molal depression constant’. 4.0g of a substance dissolved in 80.g of water produced a depres-
sion of 1.5 k in the freezing point of water. Calculate the molecular mass of the substance. (Given : kf H2O
= 1.85 [kg for mol–1]
13. fuEufyf[kr inksa dh O;k[;k djsaA
Explain each of the following terms :—
(A) vf/'kks"k.k (Adsorption) (B) lkSji'ku (Sorption)
(C) fMlkSji'ku (desorption and) (D)vkd`fr p;fur mRiszjd (Shape-Selective catalyst.)
Or,
fuEufyf[kr dks jklk;fud lehdj.k nsdj fy[ksaA
Write giving chemical equations.
(A) vYMksy dUMsuls'ku (Aldol condensation)
(B) dSfutkjks izfrfØ;k (Cannizzaro's reaction)
(C) dkckZby vehu izfrfØ;k (Carbyl amine reaction)
(D) csUthu dk ukbVªhdj.k (Nitration of benzene)
14. (A) fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kksa dks iwjk djsaA
(Complete the following reaction)
K Cr O + H SO
aq. NaOH
(i) CH3CH2Br ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ [ A ] ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
2 2 7 2 4 → [ B]
Zn /HCl(heat) [B]
heat → [A] ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
(ii) (CH3COO)2 Ca ⎯⎯⎯ →
(B) 1º 2º vkSj 3º vehu eas vUrj Li"V djsAa

(Explain the difference of 1º, 2º and 3º Amines.
(C) 15% (nzO;eku) H2SO4 ?kksy dh eksyyrk Kkr djsaA
(Find out the molality of 15% solution of H2SO4 by mass.
15. vlkekU; v.kq Hkkj ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ vlkekU;rk ykus okys dkjdksa dh O;k[;k mnkgj.k ds lkFk djsaA
What do you mean by abnormal molecular mass? Explain the factors with suitable examples which bring about
the abnormality?

Chem.-[ 27 ]
SECTION([k.M)–I

correct answer.
1. ftudk ;wfuV lsy ifjek.k a = 0.352 nm, b = 0.352 nm. c = 6.498 nm, α = β = 90º ,oa γ = 120º gSA
The crystal System of a compound with unit cell dimension a = 0.352 nm, b = 0.352 nm, c = 0.498 nm
α = β = 90º ,oa γ = 120º gSA
(A) D;wfcd (Cubic) (B) gsDlkxksuy (Hexagonal)
(C) vkFkksZjkWefcd (orthorhombic) (D) jkWEcksgsMªy (rhombohedral)
2. rkts vo{ksi dks dkWykWcMy foy;u esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA
The fresh precipitate can be transformed in colloidal solution by
(A) dksxy q 's ku (Coagulation) (B) isIVkbts'ku (Peptization)
(C) fMÝ;wtu (Diffusion) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (None of these)
3. ,M~l jksdus ds fy, iz;qDr nok gS
The drug used against AIDS is
(A) ,y- ,l- Mh- (L. S. D.) (B) ch- ,p- ,- (B. H. A.)
(C) ,- tsM- Vh- (A. Z. T.) (D) ckbFkkWuk;y (Bithional)
4. pØh; esVkiQkWLiQkfjd vEy esa P-O-P ca/ dh la[;k gS
The number of P-O-P bonds in cyclic metaphosphonic acid is
(A) 'kwU; (Zero) (B) nks (Two)
(C) rhu (Three) (D) pkj (Four)
5. LesyfVax esa /krq ds vkWDlkbM ds vodj.k esa la;qDr gSA
Smelting involves reduction of metal oxide with.
(A) C (B) CO (C) Mg (D) Al
6. fdlh ?kksy dk ijklj.k tc fu#fir fd;k tkrk gS \
Osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the relation.
ST CT
(A) π= (B) π =
C S
SC π
(C) π= (D) = ST
T C
Chem.-[ 28 ]
7. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lcls de {kkjh; gS A
Which of the following is least alkline.
(A) NO2 NH2 (B) CH3O NH2
(C) C 6H5 NH2 (D) EtO2C NH2

8. iQkWfeZd vEy dks tc H2SO4 ds lkFk xeZ fd;k tkrk gS rc ;g nsrk gSµ
Formic acid when heated with H2SO4 gives–
(A) (COOH)2 (B) CH3COOH
(C) C2 H5 OH (D) CO
9. ØhLVy ds ?kuRo dk lw=k gSµ
The density of a crystal is given by Thue formula.
a 3M NoM
(A) (B)
ZNo Za 3
ZM a 3 No
(C) (D)
a 3 No ZXM
10. izfrfØ;k H+ + OH– → H2O gSµ
Reaction H+ + OH– → H2O is—
(A) cgqr /heh (Very slow) (B) /heh (Slow)
(C) rst (Fast) (D) eksMjsV (Mode rate in speed.)
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : csatksbd vEy iQkWfeZd vEy ls T;knk fucZy vEy gSA
dFku&II : dkWcksfuy xzqi ls tc fiQukbZy xzqi tqM+k jgrk gS rc bysDVªkWu nkrk dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gSA
Statement-I : Benzoic acid is a weaker acid than formic acid
Statement-II : Phenyl group when attached to carbonyl group becomes electron donating.
12. dFku&I : Pb4+ dks Pb2+ esa vklkuh ls vod`r fd;k tk ldrk gSA
dFku&II : Pb2+ ikjkeSxusfVd gSA
Statement-I : Pb4+ can be reduced rasily to Pb2+
Statement-II : Pb2+ is paramagnetic.
13. dFku&I : HNO3, HNO2 dh rqyuk esa lcy vEy gSA
dFku&II : HNO3 esa nks N-O ca/ gS tcfd HNO2 esa dsoy ,d gh N– O ca/ gS
Statement-I : HNO3 is stronger acid than HNO2.
Statement-II : In HNO3 there are two N – O bonds whereas in HNO2, there is only one N – O bond.
Chem.-[ 29 ]
14. dFku&I : Zn2+ Mk;kesXusfVd gSA
dFku&II : Zn2+ cukus ij 4s – orbital ls bysDVªkWu fudyrk gSA
Statement-I : Zn2+ is diamagnetic.
Statement-II : The electrons are lost from 4s – orbital to form Zn2+.
15. dFku&I : ,flVkbys'ku }kjk – NH2 dks lqjf{kr j[krs gq, ,fufyu dk ukbVªs'ku fd;k tkrk ldrk gSA
dFku&II : ,fufyu dk ,flykbys'ku csfa tu fjax esa bysDVªkWu ?kuRo c<+rk gSA
Statement-I : Nitration of anilline can be done by protecting – NH2 group through acetylation.
Statement-II : Acetylation of aniline results in the increase of electron density in the benzene ring.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
tax yxus ds eq[; dkj.k dkSu gSa\
The main factor which affect corrosion are
(A) fo|qr jlk;fud Js.kh esa /krq dk fLFkfr (Position of metal in electrochemical series.)
(B) ty esa CO2 dk gksuk (Presence of CO2 in water.)
(C) /krq esa v'kqf¼;ksa dk gksuk (Presence of impurities in metal)
(D) cpkonkj irr dk gksuk (Presence of protective coating.)
17. dkSu LiAlH4 ls vodj.k ds ckn bFkkby ,Ydksgy nsxk\
Which of the following on reduction with LiAlH4 will give ethyl alcohol.
(A) (CH3 CO)2 O (B) CH3COCl (C) CH3 CONH2 (D) CH3 COOC2 H5
18. fdldk ca/u dksVh 2½ gS
Species having bond order 2½ is/are
(A) N 2 + (B) O2 + (C) O2–2 (D) N2–2

19. dk¡p ,oa flfydk (Glass and fused silica) (A) izdk'k la'ys"k.k (Photosynthesis)
20. DokaVe la[;k dk vk/kj (Basis of quantum Number) (B) bFkj $ yqbl vEy (Ether + Lewis acid)
21. vDlksfu;e yo.k (Oxonium salt) (C) lzksMhtaj (Schrodinger)
22. LVkpZ (Starch) (D) csjosnkj Bksl inkFkZ (Amorphous solid)
Nucleic acid is the prosthetic groups of nucleo proteins. These are natural bio-polymers made of nucle-
otide units i.e. polynucleotides. They are present in all living cells and direct protein synthesis. They are respon-
sible for transfer of genetic information. Nucleic acid are of two types DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids are made
up of three units namely nitrogeneons bases sugar and phosphates.
23. DNA esa Fkkbehu nks gkbMªkstu ca/u ls fdl&HkLe ls tqM+k gqvk gS\
In DNA thyamine is held by two hydrogen bonds with the base.
(A) ,Msuhu (Adenine) (B) lkbVkslhu (Cytosine) (C) Fkkbehu (Thyamine) (D) xqvkuhu (Guanine)
Chem.-[ 30 ]
24. ^,Msukslhu* fuEufyf[kr esa fdldk mnkgj.k gS
Adenosin is an example of
(A) U;wDyh;ksVkbM (Nucleotide) (B) U;wDyh;kslkbM (Nucleoside)
(C) I;wjhehu Hk"e (Purimenbase) (D) ikbjhehMhu Hk"e (Pyrimidine base)
25. buesa ls dkSu ikbVhehMhu Hk"e ugha gS\
Which is not a pyrimidine base ?
(A) Fkkbehu (Thyamine) (B) ;wjklhy (Uracil) (C) xqvkuhu (Guanine) (D) lkbVkslhu (Cytosine)

1. ?kksy esa mifLFkr vok"i'khy foys; ds fy;s jkmYV ds fu;e dk o.kZu djsa\
State and derive Roault's Law for a solution containing non-volatile solutes.
2. Mk;xzke dh enn ls rhuksa ?kukdkj fØLVyksa ds chp vUrj dks fn[kk,¡\
Explain with the help of diagram, the difference between three types of cubic crystals.
3. fuEufyf[kr Msuh;y lsy dk v¼Z vfHkfØ;k ,oa lsy vfHkfØ;k fy[ksa \
Zn (S)| Zn+2 (aq) (IM) || Cu+2 (aq) (IM) | Cu(S)
Write down the half reactions and cell reaction for the Daniel cell.
Zn (S)| Zn+2 (aq) (IM) || Cu+2 (aq) (lM) | Cu(S)
4. vfHkfØ;k dh dksVh ,oa v.kqdrk ds vUrj dks crk,¡\
What is the difference in between molecularity and order of reaction.
5. fuEufyf[kr dk dkj.k crk,¡\
Account for the followiong?
(A) CO2 xSl gS ysfdu SiO2 Bksl gS (CO2 is gas, but SiO2 is a solid.)
(B) CCl4 dk tyh; vi?kVu ugha gksrk gS tcfd SiCl4 dk gksrk gSA (CCl4 is resistant to hydrolysis, but SiCl4 is
hydrolysed)
6. fiQukWy dh rS;kjh fuEufyf[kr ls dSls gksrk gS\ (How is phenol prepared from ?)
(A) csaUthu (Benzene) (B) DyksjkscsUthu (Chlorobenzene)
7. inkFkZ A dk fo?kVu izFke dksVh vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA izkjaHk esa [A] = 2.00 M, 200 fueV ds ckn [A] = 0.250 M.
1
bl vfHkfØ;k ds fy;s I + II K dh x.kuk djsaA
2
A substance A decomposes by first order reaction starting initially with [A} = 2.00 M, after 200mins [A]
1
= 0.250 M. For this reactioin what is I + II K ]
2
Chem.-[ 31 ]
8. iQkfeZd vEy] ,lhVhd vEYk ls izcy vEy gSA O;k[;k djsaA
Formic acid is stronger than CH3COOH explain.
9. [Co (en)2Cl2]+ tfVy vk;u ds leko;oh dks fy[ksaA
Draw isomers of the complex ion [Co (en)2Cl2]+
10. f=kT;k vuqikr D;k gS\ bldh izeq[krkvksa dks fy[ksaA
What is radius ratio ? What is its significance.
11. fdlh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds ∆H rFkk ∆S /ukRed gSA fdlh ifjfLFkfr essa ;g vfHkfØ;k Lor% gksxh] O;k[;k djs\a
∆H and ∆S are positive for a chemical reaction. Under what condition is the reaction expected to occur
spon taneonsly ? Explain.

12. cgqyhdj.k D;k gS\ ;ksx'khy cgqyhdj.k ,oa la?kuu cgqyhdj.k dh O;k[;k djsaA izR;sd dk mnkgj.k nsaA
What is polymerisation ? Define and explain the term addition polymensation and condensation polymersiaton.
Give one example of each.
13. fuEufyf[kr dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dk IUPAC i¼rh essa ukekdj.k djsAa
Write IUPAC names of.
CH3
|
I. CH 3 —CO—CH– CH 3 II. CH3 —CH—CH2– CHO III.
|
CH3
IV. CH3 CH2CHOH CH2 CH2 COOH
14. fuEufyf[kr vfHkfØ;k ds fy;s lkE; fLFkjkad dh x.kuk djsaA
Fe+2 + Cu+4 Fe+3 + Ce+3
fn;k gqvk gS Eº Co+4|Ce+3 = 1.44V, Eº Fe+3 | Fe+2 = 0.68 V
Calculate the equilibrium const. for the reaction Fe+2 + Ce+4 Fe+3 + Ce+3
Given Eº Co+4|Ce+3 = 1.44V, Eº Fe+3 | Fe+2 = 0.68 V
15. laØe.k rRo dk fuEu lanHkZ esa lkekU; xq.kksa dh foospuk djs\sa
Describe the general characteristics of transition elements with special reference to the following.
(A) jaxhu yo.k dk fuekZ.k esa
formation of coloured salt.
(B) fofHkUu vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk
Variable oxidation state.

Chem.-[ 32 ]
MODEL PAPER
d{kk– XII
xf.kr (MATHEMATICS)
[k.M& I (SECTION-I)
oLrqfu"B iz' u (Objective)
[k.M& II (SECTION-II)
xSj &oLrqf u"B iz' u (Non-Objective)
gh mÙkj nsa A
(a) (b) (Q) (d)

Math–[1]
ijh{kk 2010
PEN ONLY.
A C D A C D
A C D A C D

c c c c c c c c
3. Subject / fo"k;
d d d d d d d d
f f f f f f f f
h h h h h h h h
k k k k k k k k
27. A B C D
1. A B C D 14. A B C D 28. A B C D
2. A B C D 15. A B C D 29 I. A B C D
6. A B C D 19. A B C D 30 I. A B C D
9. A B C D 22. A B C D
10. A B C D 23. A B C D
11. A B C D 24. A B C D
12. A B C D 25. A B C D
13. A B C D 26. A B C D
Math–[2]
MODEL SET (iz k :i i=k )–I
SECTION ([k.M )–I

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrq f u"B ç'u)
I. From Question No. 1 to 25 there is one correct answer. In each question you have to mark that
correct option from the given options.
ç'u 1 ls 25 rd fuEu es a fn, x, pkj fodYiks a es a ls ,d gh mÙkj lgh gS A çR;s ç'u ds lgh mÙkj dks mÙkj rkfydk
es a fpfUgr djs a A 28 × 1 = 28
1. x x
Derivative of x with respect to x is (x ds lkis{k x dk odyt gksxk)
(a) xx (log x + 1) (b) x / xx–1 (c) x. xx (d) (1 + log x)
2. The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/s. What is the rate of increase of its circumference ?
(0.7 cm/s dh nj ls o`Ùk dh f=kT;k c<+ jgk gSA o`Ùk dh ifjfèk ds o`f¼ dk nj D;k gksxk\)
(a) 2π cm/s (b) 0.7 π cm/s (c) 1.7π cm/s (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
dy
3. If (;fn) x = a cos θ, y = b sin θ then (rks) find (fudkys) a = ............
dk
–b b –b
(a) cot θ (b) 0 (c) tan θ (d) tan θ
a a a
∫
1 – sin x
4. d x is equal to (cjkcj gksxk)µ
cos 2 x
(a) tan x – sec x + c (b) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
(c) tan x + sec x + c (d) sec x – tan x + c
π/2 π/2
⎛ 4 − 3 s in x ⎞
5. The value of ∫
⎛ 4 – 3 sin x ⎞
lo g ⎜
⎝ 4 + cos x ⎠
⎟ dx is ∫ lo g ⎜
⎝ 4 + 3 cos x ⎠
⎟ dx dk eku gksxkA
0 0
3 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 0 (d)
4 4
6. If E and F are events such that P (E/F) = P (F/E) then
(;fn E vkSj F ?kVuk,a bl çdkj gks fd P (E/F) = P (F/E) rks)
(a) P (E) = P (F) (b) E = F (c) E ⊂ F but E ≠ F (d) E ∩ F = φ
7. If P and Q are symmetric matrices of same order then PQ – QP is a
(;fn P vkSj Q leku Øe ds lefer vkO;wg gks rks PQ – QP gksxk)
(a) Zero Matrix ('kwU; vkO;wg) (b) Identity Matrix (,dkad vkO;wg)
(c) Skew-symmetric Matrix (fo"ke lefer vkO;wg) (d) Symmetric Matrix (lefer vkO;wg)
8. Let A be a square matrix of order 3 × 3 then |KA| is equal to
(ekuk fd A ,d 3 × 3 Øe dk oxZ vkO;wg gS rc |KA| cjkcj gksxk)
(a) 3K|A| (b) K3 |A| (c) K|A| (d) k 2 |A|
Math–[3]
9. The Parameter on which the value of the following determinant is not dependent
(fuEufyf[kr lkjf.kd dk eku fdl çkpy ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA)
1 m m2
cos( p – d ) x cos px cox( p + d ) x
sin(b – d ) x sin px sin( p = d ) x
(a) d (b) x (c) m (d) p
a11 a12 a13

10. If (;fn) ∆ = a21 a22 a23 and Aij is the Cofactor of aij then D = ....(aij dk lg [kaM Aij gks rks ∆ = ....)
a31 a32 a33
(a) a11 A11 – a21 A21 + a31 A31 (b) a11A12 + a21A22 + a31A32
(c) a11A11 + a21A21 + a31A31 (d) A11 + A12 + A13
11. The area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines y = 2x + 3, y = 0, x = 4, x = 6 is
(js[kk) y = 2x + 3, y = 0, x = 4, x = 6 ls cus prqHkqt
Z dk {ksñ gksxk)
(a) 26 square unit (oxZ bdkbZ) (b) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
(c) 20 square unit (oxZ bdkbZ) (d) 24 square unit (oxZ bdkbZ)
12. The degree of the diff. equation (vodyt lehñ dk ?kkr gksxk)
2
⎛ d3y ⎞ dy ⎛ dy ⎞
⎜ 3⎟ + + cos ⎜ ⎟ + 7 = 0
⎜ dx ⎟ dx ⎝ dx ⎠
⎝ ⎠
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) Not defined (vifjHkkf"kr)
xe x
13. ∫ (1 + x)2 dx is equal to (cjkcj gksxk)
ex –e x ex
(a) +c (b) +c (c) ex (x + 1) + c (d) +c
1+ x (1 + x) 2 1 + x2
14. The direction ratio of a line are 2, 3, 7 then its direction cosines are
(fdlh ljy js[kk ds fnd~ vuqikr 2, 3, 7 gS rks bldk fnd~ dksT;k gS)
1 1 7 2 3 7 2 3 7 2 3 7
(a) , , (b) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
6 4 12 62 62 62 62 62 62 12 12 12
x x– y
15. tan –1 – tan –1 = .............
y x+ y
π π π –3π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 2 4
16. Let A be a non-singular matrix of the order n × n the |adj A| = ..................
;fn A ,d O;RØe.kh; vkO;wg gS ftldk Øe n × n gS rks |adj A| = .................
(a) n |A| (b) |A|n – 1 (c) |A| (d) |A|n
Math–[4]
17. If A ={1, 2, 3}, B = {5, 6, 7} and f : A →B is a function such that f(x) = x + 4 then what type of a function is f?
;fn A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {5, 6, 7} rFkk f : A → ,d iQyu gS rks fd f(x) = x + 4 rks f fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl çdkj dk iQyu gS\
(a) many-one-onto (vuSdSd vkPNknd) (b) constant function (vpj iQyu)
(c) One-one-onto (,dSd vkPNknd) (d) into (var{ksih)
18. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, ........n}. How many bijective function f : A → A can be defined?
(ekuk fd A = {1, 2, 3, 4........n} rks fdrus bijective iQyu f : A → A ifjHkkf"kr gks ldrs gSa\)
1
(a) (n !) (b) (n – 1) ! (c) n! (d) n
2
19. The point with position vectors (2, 6), (1, 2) and (p, 10) are Collinear if the value of p is
(fLFkr lfn'k (2, 6), (1, 2) vkSj (p, 10) okys fcanq ,d jSf[kd gksaxs] ;fn p dk eku gS)µ
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) 12 (d) 6
–1 –1
20. The differential equation coresponding to curve y = e p cos x is (oØ y = e p cos x dk vodyt lehñ gksxk)
(a) (1 – x2) yn – xy' – p2 y = 0 (b) (1 – x2) y" – xy' + p2 y = 0
(c) 1 – x 2 y ' = py (d) (1 – x2) y" + xy' – p2 y = 0
II. In the following questions (21-25) there are two statements. Statements I follows Statement II. You
have to go through these statement and mark you answer from the givn options.
(fuEufyf[kr (21-25) ç'uks a es a nks dFku fn;s x, gS ] dFku&I ds ckn dFku&II dks è;ku ls i<+ s rFkk fn, x,
fodYiks a es a ls lgh fodYi dks mÙkj rkfydk es a fpfUgr djs a A)
(a) ;fn nksuksa dFku lgh gS rFkk dFku&II, dFku&I dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
If both the statements are correct ant statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
(b) ;fn nksuksa dFku lgh gS ijUrq dFku&II, dFku&I dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
If both the statements are correct but statement Ii is not the correct explanation of statement I.
(c) dFku&I lgh gS ijUrq dFku&II xyr gSA
Statement I is correct but statement Ii is wrong.
(d) dFku&II lgh gS ijUrq dFku&I xyr gSA
Statement is wrong but statement II is correct.
21. Statement (dFku) I : p, q, r are non-coplaner vectors and (uSdryh; lfn'k gS rFkk) a, b, c are scalars such.that(vfn'k
bl çdkj gS fd) pa + qb + rc = 0
Statement (dFku) II :–a = b = c = 0
π
22. Statement I : f(x) = sin x is increasing function in ]o, [
2
π
Statement II : f (x) = sin x is decreasing function in ] , π[
2
π
dFku I : iQyu f(x) = sin, varjky ]o [ esa o¼Zeku iQyu gSA
2
π
dFku II : iQyu f(x) = sinx, varjky ] , π[ esa ßkleku iQyu gSA
2
Math–[5]
23. A line is drawn in the direction (iˆ + ˆj – 2kˆ) and it passes through a point with position vectors ( (2iˆ + ˆj – 4kˆ)
(,d js[kk (iˆ + ˆj – 2kˆ) ds fn'kk esa [khaph tk jgh gS vkSj ;g fLFkr lfn'k (2iˆ + ˆj – 4kˆ) ds fcanq ls xqtjrh gSA
→
Statement I : Vector equation of line is r (2iˆ – ˆj + 4kˆ) + λ (iˆ + ˆj – 2kˆ)
x – 2 y +1 z – 4
Statement II : Certesian form of the line is = =
1 1 –2
→
dFku I : js[kk dk lfn'k lehñ gS r (2iˆ – ˆj + 4kˆ) + λ (iˆ + ˆj – 2kˆ)
x – 2 y +1 z – 4
dFku II : js[kk dk dkrhZ; lehñ :i gS = =
1 1 –2
24. If A = [aij]mxm is a square matrix
(;fn ,d A = [aij]mxm oxZ vkO;wg gSA)
Statement (dFku) I : A (adj A) = |A| lm
Statement (dFku) II : (adjA) A = |A| lm
25. Statement (dFku) I : Binary operation * on N (family of natural numbers) defined as (f}pj lafØ;k N (çkÑr
la[;kvksa dk lewg ij ifjHkkf"kr gS] bl çdkj) a* b = a + b + 3 has no identify element.(ftls rRled
vo;o ugha gSA)
Statement (dFku) II : For x ∈ N (ds fy;s) a*x= x*a = a ∀a∈N
III. In the following questions (26 to 28) there may be more than one correct answers. You have to mark
all the correct answers.
fuEuka fdr ç'uks a (26 ls 28) es a ,d ls vfèkd fodYi lgh gks ldrs gS A ,s l s ç'uks a es a lHkh lgh fodYiks a dks mÙkj
rkfydk es a va fdr djs a A
⎡1 2 3⎤
A= ⎢⎢ 2 3 2 ⎥⎥
26. Let (ekuk) fd) then (rks)
⎢⎣ 0 3 4 ⎥⎦
(a) A13 = 6 (b) A13 = –6
(c) A11 = –3 (d) A11 = 6
27. A function g(x) is said to bhe Continuous at a point x = a if
(iQyu g(x) fcanq x = a ij larr dgk tkrk gS ;fn)
(a) g(a) is defined (g(a) ifjHkkf"kr gSA)
(b) xlim g ( x) ≠ g ( a) (c) xlim g ( x) = g (a)

→a →a
(d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha
∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx is ( ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx

1 1
28. The value of dk eku gksxk)
(a) tan x + cot x + c (b) –2 cot 2x + c

(c) tan x – cot x + c (d) 2 cot 2x + c
Math–[6]
IV. In the following question 29 there are two column. You have to match Column I to Column II
correctily. 4×1½ = 6
ç'u la[;k 29 esa nks dkWye fn, x, gS dkWye I dh çfof"V;ksa dks dkWye II esa fn, x, fodYiksa ls lgh&lgh ;qfXer djsaA
29. Column (LrEHk)µ I Column (LrEHk)µ II

π 1
I. If (;fn) sin–1 (1 –x) –2 sin–1 x = Then (rks) x is (gS) (a)
2 2
⎡ 3 –2 ⎤ ⎡1 0 ⎤
II. If (;fn) A= ⎢ ⎥ and (vkSj) I= ⎢ ⎥ Such that (bl çdkj) (b) –1
⎣ 4 –2 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦
A2 = λ A – 2I then (rks) the value of l is (l dk eku gS)

π/ 2⎛ 2 x⎞
∫0
2x
III. ( ⎜ sin – cos ⎟ dx (c) 1
⎝ 2 2⎠
IV. A Coin is tosses 5 times independently. The probability of getting head most of (d) 0
the times.(,d flDdk 5 ckj Lora=k :i ls mNkyk tkrk gSA
vfèkdrj ckj 'kh"kZ ikus ds çkf;drkA)
V. There is a paragraph for question 30. You have to understand the paragraph and then mark your
answer from given options. 3×2 = 6
ç'u la [;k 30 ds fy, ,d m}j.k fn;k x;k gS a lkoèkkuh ls bl m}j.k dks i<+ dj le>s rFkk mlds ckn uhps fn,
x, rhu ç'uks a ds lgh mÙkj fn;s x, fodYiks a es a ls fpfUgr djs a A
30. The integral ∫ e ax cos bx dx and ∫ e ax sin β x dx can be solved by using integration by parts. We get.
lekdyu ∫ e ax cos bx dx vkSj ∫ e ax sin β x dx [kaM'k% lekdyu ds ç;ksx }kjk Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ge ikrs gSA
e ax (a cos bx – b sin bx) eax (α sin βx – β cos β x)

∫e
ax
cos bx dx = + C and (rFkk) ∫ e
ax
sin βx dx = +C
a 2 + b2 α 2 + β2
5x
I. ∫e cos(12 x ) dx is equal to (cjkcj gS)
e5 x e5 x
(a) (12cos12 x + 5sin12 x) + C (b) (5cos12 x + 12sin12 x) + C
169 34
e5 x
(c) (5cos12 x + 12sin12 x) + C (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
169
II. ∫ e 4 x sin 3 x dx is equal to (cjkcj gS)
e4 x e4 x
(a) (4sin 3x – 3cos3x) + C (b) (4sin 3x – 3cos3x) + C
14 25
e4 x
(c) (4sin 3x + 3cos3x) + C (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
25
Math–[7]
III. ∫ e 2 x sin x dx is equal to (cjkcj gS)
e2 x e2 x
(a) (sin x – cos x) (b) (cos x – 2sin x) + C
5 5
e2 x
(c) (– cos x + 2sin x) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
5


I. Question No. 1 to 8 carry 4 marks each. These questions are of short answer type.
ç'u la [;k 1 ls 8 rd y?kq m Ùkjh; dks fV ds gS A çR;s d ç'u ds fy, 4 va d fuèkkZ fjr gS A 8 × 4 = 32
1. Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all triangles as R = {(T1, T2) : T1 is similar to T2} is an
equivalence relation.
fl¼ dhft, fd leLr f=kHkqtksa ds leqPp; A esa R = { (T1, T2) : T1, T2 ds le:i gS} ds }kjk ifjHkkf"kr lacaèk R ,d
rqY;rk lacaèk gSA
3 8 84
2. Show that (fn[kk,¡ fd) sin –1 – sin –1 = cos –1
1
5 17 85
∫ 5x
4
3. Solve (gy djsa) % x5 + 1 dx
−1
Or, (vFkok)
1
2
Evaluate (eku fudkysa) % ∫ xe x dx
0
4. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of a function f given by f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1 on the
interval [1, 5]
fn, x, iQyu f, f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1 dk vUrjky [1, 5] ij fujis{k egÙke rFkk fujis{k U;wure eku fudkysAa
Or, (vFkok)
1
x2
∫ xe dx
0
5. Integrate (lekdfyr djsa) ∫ x sin –1 xdx
6. Find the general solution of the differential equation y dx – (x + 2y2) dy = 0
vody lehñ y dx – (x + 2y2) dy = 0 dk O;kid gy fudkysaA
→ →
7. Fine the angle between the planes r ⋅ (2iˆ – ˆj + kˆ) = 6 and r ⋅ (iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 5
→ →
leryksa r (2iˆ – ˆj + kˆ) = 6 vkSj r ⋅ (iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ) = 5 ds eè; dk dks.k Kkr djsaA
Math–[8]
Or, (vFkok)
1 x yz
A=1 y zx
Evaluate (eku fudkysa)
1 z xy
8. Find the mean and variance for the following probability distribution.
fuEuffy[kr çkf;drk caVu ds fy, ekè; rFkk çlj.k fudkysa A
Xi 0 1 2 3
1 3 3 1
pi
8 8 8 8
Or, (vFkok)
⎡7 0⎤ ⎡3 0⎤
Find X and Y if x vkSj y dk eku fudkysaA (;fn) x + y = ⎢ ⎥ and x – y = ⎢0 3⎥
⎣2 5⎦ ⎣ ⎦
II. From question no 9 to 12 carry 7 marks each. These questions are of long answer type.
ç'u la [;k 9 ls 12 nh?kZ mÙkjh; dks fV ds gS A çR;s d ç'u ds fy, 7 va d fuèkkZ fjr gS A 4 × 7 = 28
9. The cost of 4 kgs; Onion, 3 kgs; Whaeat and 2 kgs; Rice is Rs. 60. The Cost of 2 kgs. Onion, 4 kgs. Wheat and
6 kgs. Rice is Rs. 90. The cost of 6 kgs. Onion, 2 kgs. Wheat and 3 kgs rice is Rs. 70. Find the xost of each item
per kg. by matrix method.
(4 fd-xzk- I;kt] 3 fd-xzk- xsgw¡ vkSj 2 fd-xzk- pkoy dh dher 60 :ñ gSA 2 fd-xzk- I;kt] 4 fd-xzk- xsgw¡ vkSj 6 fd-xzk- pkoy
dh dher 90 :ñ gSA 6 fd-xzk- I;kt] 2 fd-xzk- xsgw¡ vkSj 3 fd-xzk- pkoy dh dher 70 :ñ gSA vkO;wg fofèk ls çR;sd dk
çfr fd-xzk- ewY; KKr djsaA)
10. Prove that the functions (lkfcr djs fd iQyu)
1
f(x) = x sin when x ≠ 0 when x = 0, is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 (ij larr gS ysfdu vodyuh;
x
ugha gSA)
Or, (vFkok)
dy dy cos x
Find ( fudkysa) (i) sin2 x + cos2y = 1 (ii) y = log x , x > 0 (iii) xy = yx
dx dx
11. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2iˆ – 4 ˆj + 5kˆ and iˆ – 2 ˆj – 3kˆ, find the unit vector parallel to its
diagonal. Also find its area.
,d lekUrj prqHkqZt dh layXu Hkqtk,a 2iˆ – 4 ˆj + 5kˆ vkSj iˆ – 2 ˆj – 3kˆ, gSA blds fod.kZ ds lekUrj ,d ek=kd lfn'k Kkr
dhft,A bldk {ks=kiQy Hkh Kkr dhft,A
Or ^vFkok*
The surface area of a balloon being inflated changes at a constant rate. If initially its radius is 3 units and after
2 second, it is 5 units find the radius after 1 second.
,d xqCckjs dk {ks=kiQy vpj nj ls ifjo£rr gksrk gSA ;fn çkjEHk esa bldh f=kT;k 3 bdkbZ vkSj ckn esa 2 lsds.M mijkUr ;g
5 bdkbZ gks tkrh gS] 1 lsds.M ds mijkUr f=kT;k Kkr djsaA
Math–[9]
12. One kind of cake requires 200 g. of flour and 25 g. of fat, and another kind of cake requires 100 g. of flour and
50 g. of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 5 kg. of flour and 1 kg. of fat. It has
been assumed that there is no shortage of other ingradients used in making cakes.
,d çdkj ds dsd dks 200 xzk- vkVk vkSj 25 xzk- olk dh vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk nwljh çdklj ds dsd ds fy,
100 xzk- vkVk vkSj 50 xzk- olk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA dsdksa dh vfèkdre la[;k crk,¡ tks 5 fd-xzk- vkXs rFkk 1 fd-xzk-
olk ls cu ldrs gSA ;g eku fy;k x;k fd dsdksa dks cukus ds fy;s vU; inkFkks± dh deh ugha jgsxhA
Or ^vFkok*
Using integration find the area of the region enclosed between the circles x2 + y2 = 4 and (x – 2)2 + y2 = 4.
lekdyu dh lgk;rk ls o`rksa x2 + y2 = 4 ,oa (x – 2)2 + y2 = 4 ls c¼ {ks=kiQy dk eku Kkr dhft,A
ANSWERS (mÙkj) )
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (a)
26. (c, d) 27. (d) 28. (a, b)
29. I–(d) II–(c) III–(b)
30. I–(c) II–(b) III–(c)
Math–[10]
SECTION ([k.M)–II
1. The given relation R = {(T1, T2) : T1 is similar to T2}
fn;k x;k lacaèk R = {(T1, T2) : T1 le:i gS T2 ds}
Since every triangle is similar to itself, therefore
pw¡fd çR;sd f=kHkqt Lo;a dk le:i gksrk gS blfy, (T, T) ∈ R = T ∈ A ⇒ R is reflexive 1
Again, If T1 is similar to T2 then T2 is also similar to T1
fiQj ;fn T2 le:i gS T1 dk rks T1 Hkh le:i gS T2 dk
So, (blfy,) (T1, T2) ∈ R ⇒ (T2, T2) ∈ R is R is symmetric (R lefer gS) 1
Simally (vUrr%) It T1 is similar to T2 and T2 is similar to T3 then T1 is also similar to T3.
(;fn T1 le:i gS T2 dk rFkk T2 le:i gS T3 dk rks T1 Hkh le:i gksxk T3 dk)
So (blfy,) (T1, T2) ∈ R and (vkSj) (T2, T3) ∈ R ⇒ (T1, T3) ∈ R is R3 is transitive 1
Hence (bl çdkj) R is an equivalence relation. lacaèk R ,d rqY;rk lacaèk gSA 1
–1 3 8
2. Let (ekuk fd) sin = α and (vkSj) sin –1 = β ½
5 17
3 8
Therefore (blfy,) sin α = and (vkSj) sin β = ½
5 17
9 16 4
Now (vc) cos α 1 – sin α = 1 –
2
= = 1
25 25 5
64 225 15
and (vkSj) cos β 1 – sin β = 1 –
2
= = 1
289 289 17
4 15 3 8 12 24 84 60 + 24 84
∴ cos (α – α)= cosα . cosβ + sinα. sinβ = × + × = + = = =
5 17 5 17 17 85 85 85 25
–1 84
∴ α – β = cos 1
85
–1 3 8 84
Hence (bl çdkj) sin – sin –1 = cos –1
5 17 85
3. Puts (j[kus ij) x5 + 1 = t then (rks) 5x4dx = dt 1
2 2
∴ ∫ 5x
4
x5 + 1 dx = ∫ t dt = ∫ t1/ 2 dt = t 3/ 2 = ( x5 + 1)3/ 2
3 3
2
Hence (bl çdkj)
2⎡ 5
( ) ( )
2⎡ 5 1 3/ 2 3/ 2 ⎤
( x + 1)3/ 2 ⎤ = ⎢ 1 + 1 (–1)5 + 1
1
∫ –1
5x4 x 5 + 1 dx =
3⎣ ⎦ –1 3 ⎣ ⎥
⎦
2 ⎡ 3/ 2 3/ 2 ⎤ 4 2
= 2 –0 = 1
3⎣ ⎦ 3
Math–[11]
Or ^vFkok*
1 2
Let (ekuk fd) I = ∫ xe dx
x
0
dt
Let (ekuk fd) x2 = t then (rks) 2x dx = dt ∴ xdx = 1
2
When (tc) x = 0 then (rks) t = 0; When (tc) x = 1 then (rks) t = 1 1
( )
1 1
t dt 1 t 1 ⎡ t ⎤1 1 1 0
∴ I = ∫ e 2 = 2 ∫ e dt = 2 ⎣ e ⎦ 0 = 2 e – e = (e – 1)
1
1
0 0 2
4. Given function (fn;k x;k iQyu) f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1
then (rks) f'(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 6(x – 3) (x – 2) 1
Now (vc) f '(x) = 0
∴ x = 2 and (vkSj) x = 3 1
Now we evaluate the value of f at these points and at the end points of the interval [1, 5] i.e., at x = 1, x = 2, x
= 3 and at x = 5 (vc ge varjky [1, 5] ds vafre fcanq rFkk bu lc fcanv q ksa ij iQyu f dk eku fudkyrs gSA vFkkZr~ x
= 1, x = 2, x = 3 rFkk x = 5 ij
f(1) = 2.(1)3 – 15.(1)2 + 36 × 1 + 1 = 2 – 15 + 38 = 24
f(2) = 2.(2)3 – 15.(2)2 + 36 × 2 + 1 = 16 – 60 + 73 = 27
f(3) = 2.(3)3 – 15.(3)2 + 36 × 3 + 1 = 54 – 1356 + 109 = 28
f(5) = 2.(5)3 – 15.(5)2 + 36 × 5 + 1 = 250 – 375 + 181 = 56 2
Thus (bl çdkj) The absolute max. value of f on [1, 5] is 56 at x = 5.
varjky [1, 5] ij iQyu f dk fujis{k egÙke eku 56, x = 5 ij gSA
And absolute min. value of f on [1, 5] is 24 at x = 1 (varjky [1, 5] ij iQyu f dk fujis{k U;wure eku 24, x = 1 ij gSA
∫ x sin
–1
5. Let (ekuk fd) I = x dx Integrating by parts method, taking sin–1x as first function and x as second
⎧d ⎫
∫ xdx – ∫ ⎨⎩ dx (sin x) ∫ x dx ⎬ dx
–1
function we have I= sin–1x 1
⎭
[k.M'k% fl¼kUr ls lekdfyr djus ij sin–1x dks çFke iQyu rFkk x dks f}rh; iQyu ysrs gq, ge ikrs gSA
x2 1 x2 x2 1 – x2 x2 1 (1 – x 2 – 1)
2 ∫ 1 – x2 2 2 ∫ 1 – x2 2 ∫ 1 – x2
I= sin –1
x ⋅ – dx = 2 sin –1
x + dx = 2 sin –1
x + dx 1
x2 1 ⎛ 1 – x2 1 ⎞ x2 1 ⎧⎪ 1 ⎫⎪
= 2 sin x + 2 ∫ ⎜⎜ ⎟ dx = sin –1 x + ⎨ ∫ 1 – x 2 dx – ∫
–1
– dx ⎬ 1
⎟ 2 2 ⎪⎩
⎝ 1– x
2
1 – x2 ⎠ 1 – x 2 ⎭⎪
x2 1 ⎧x 1 ⎫ 2
= sin –1 x + ⎨ 1 – x 2 + sin –1 x – sin –1 x ⎬ = 1 (2 x 2 – 1)sin –1 x + x 1 – x + C 1
2 2 ⎩2 2 ⎭ 4 4
Where C is any constant (tgk¡ C ,d vpj gS)
6. The given differential equation can be written as (fn, x, vody lehñ fuEu çdkj ls fy[kk tk ldrk gS)
dx x
–
dy y = 2y ...(i)
Math–[12]
dx dx
This is a linear diff. equation of the form dy + P1x = Q1. (;g dy + P1x = Q1 ds çk:i esa ,d jSf[kd vody lehñ gS)
1
Where (tgk¡) P1 = – y and (rFkk) Q1 = 2y 1
1 1
Therefore (vr%) I.F.= ∫ P1dy ∫ – dy –1 = 1
e = e y = e – log y = elog( y ) y
Equation (i) is multiply by I.F. both sides and integrating.
⎧ dy x⎫1 2y
lehñ (i) ds nksuksa i{kksa dks I.F. ls xq.kk dj lekdfyr djus ij ∫ ⎨ dx – y ⎬ y dy =
⎩ ⎭
∫ y
dy 1
1 x
y = ∫
∴ x. 2dy + C or, ∴ x = 2y2 + cy
y = 2y + C 1
This is a general solution of the given diff. equation. (;g fn, x, vody lehñ dk O;kid gy gSA)
→ →
n1⋅ n2
7. Let the angle between planes be θ. (ekuk lery ds eè; dk dks.k θ gSA) cos θ = → → 1
| n1 || n2 |
→ → → →
Where (tgk¡) n = 2iˆ – ˆj + kˆ and (vkSj) n = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ] n ⋅ n = (2iˆ – ˆj + kˆ) ⋅ (iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ)
1 2 1 2
= (2 – 1 + 2) = 4 – 1 = 3 1
iˆ ⋅ iˆ = ˆj ⋅ ˆj = kˆ ⋅ kˆ = 1 , iˆ ⋅ ˆj = ˆj ⋅ kˆ = kˆ ⋅ iˆ = 0
→ 2 2 2 → 2 2 2
| n1 | = | 2iˆ – ˆj + kˆ |= (2) + (–1) + (1) = 4 + 1 + 1 = 6 , | n2 | = | (iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ) |= (1) + (1) + (2) = 6 1
3 3 1 π
cosθ = = = ⇒θ= 1
6× 6 6 2 3
Or, ^vFkok*
1 x yz
Given (fn;k x;k gS fd) A = 1 y zx
1 z xy
Applying R2 → R2 – R1 and R3 → R3 – R1 we get (R2 → R2 – R1 rFkk R3 → R3 – R1 ds ç;ksx ls ge ikrs gSA 2
1 x yz
0 y – x z ( x – y)
A =
0 z – x y( x – z)
1 x yz
0 1 –z
= (y – z) (z – x) = (y – x) (z – x) × [1 (–y + z) + 0 + 0) = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) 2
0 1 –y
1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3
8. Mean (ekè;) µ = E(X) = ∑ xi pi = 0 × + 1× + 2 × + 3 × = 0 + + + = = 1.5 1
8 8 8 8 8 4 8 2
Math–[13]
2 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 9 24
Again (fiQj) E(X2) = ∑ xi2 pi = (0) × + (1) × + (2) × + (3) × = 0 + 1 × + 4 × + = =3 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Variance (çlj.k) s2 = E(X2) – {E(X)}2 = 3 – (1.5)2 = 3 – 2.25 = 0.75
Or, ^vFkok*
⎡7 0⎤ ⎡3 0⎤
X+Y = ⎢ ⎥ ...(i) X–Y = ⎢ ⎥ ...(ii)
⎣ 2 5⎦ ⎣0 3⎦
⎡7 0 ⎤ ⎡ 3 0 ⎤ ⎡10 0 ⎤ ⎡5 0 ⎤
Solving (i) & (ii) we get ((i) rFkk (ii) dks gy djus ij ge) 2X= ⎢ ⎥+⎢ ⎥= ⎢ ⎥ ⇒X= ⎢1 4 ⎥ 2
⎣ 2 5 ⎦ ⎣0 3⎦ ⎣ 2 8 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡7 0⎤ ⎡ 3 0⎤ ⎡ 4 0 ⎤ ⎡2 0⎤
∴ 2Y= ⎢ ⎥–⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥⇒ Y= ⎢1 1 ⎥ 2
⎣ 2 5 ⎦ ⎣0 3⎦ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
9. Let the cost of 1 kg. of onion (ekuk fd 1 fdxzk- I;kt dh dher) = Rs. x
The cost of 1 kg of wheat (1 fdxzk- xsgw¡ dh dher) = Rs. y andthe cost of 1 kg of Rice (rFkk 1 fdxzk- pkoy dh
dher) = Rs. z then in equation form we have (rc lehñ ds :i esa ge ikrs gSA 1
4x + 3y + 2z = 60 2x + 4y + 6z = 90 6x + 2y + 3z = 70 1
⎡ 4 3 2 ⎤ ⎡ x ⎤ ⎡60 ⎤
⎢ 2 4 6 ⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢90 ⎥
In matrix form we have (vkO;wg ds :i esa ge ikrs gS) ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 1
⎢⎣ 6 2 3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ z ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣70 ⎥⎦
⎡4 3 2⎤ ⎡ x⎤ ⎡60 ⎤ ⎡4 3 2⎤
A = ⎢ 2 4 6 ⎥ , X = ⎢⎢ y ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢90 ⎥ |A| = ⎢ 2 4 6 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Let (ekuk) AX = B and (vkSj) B = 2
⎢⎣ 6 2 3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ z ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣70 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 6 2 3 ⎥⎦
–3 +2
4 6 2 6 2 4
= 4 = 4 (12 – 12) – 3(6 – 36) + 2(4 – 24) = 0 + 90 – 40 = 50
2 3 6 3 6 2
The co-factors of the elements of |A| are
⎡ 0 –5 10 ⎤ ⎡ 60 ⎤ ⎡x⎤ ⎡ 250 ⎤ ⎡5⎤
1 ⎢
30 0 –20 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢90 ⎥⎥ ⎢ y⎥ 1 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
We have (ge ikrs gS) X = A–1B = 50 ⎢ ⎢ ⎥ = 50 ⎢ 400 ⎥ = ⎢8⎥ 2
⎢⎣ –20 10 10 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 70 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ z ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 400 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣8⎥⎦
∴ x = 5, y = 8, z = 8
1
10. For Continuity (larr ds fy,) We have (ge ikrs gS) f(x)= x sin , x ¹ 0 = 0 x=0 Here (;gk¡) f(0) = 0
x
lim f ( x ) = lim f (0 + h) 1 1⎤ 1 ( h) = 0 = 0
R.H.L.= = lim (0 + h)sin = lim (h sin ⎥ –1³ sin ≤ 1 and hlim
x →0+ h→0 h→0 0 + h h→0 h⎦ h →0
R.H.L. = xlim f ( x) = lim f (0 – h) = lim (0 – h)sin ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ = lim (– h) × ⎛⎜ sin 1 ⎞⎟ = 0

→0 h→0 h→0 ⎝ 0 – h ⎠ h→0 ⎝ h⎠
∴ L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(0)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (bl çdkj iQyu f x = 0 ij larr gSA Proved (lkfcr) 4
Math–[14]
For Diff. (vodyt ds fy,)
1 1
f (0 + h) – f (0) h sin – 0 h sin 1
Now (vc) Rf'(0)= lim = lim h = lim h = lim sin which does not exist 2
h →0 h h →0 h h →0 h h →0 h
(bldk vfLrRo ugha gS) Similary (blh çdkj) Lf'(0) does not exist (vfLrRo ugha gS)
Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0 (bl çdkj f(x), x = 0 ij vodyuh; ugha gSA)
Finally (vUrr%) given function is continuous but not diff. at x = 0 fn;k x;k iQyu f, x = 0 ij larr gS ysfdu
vodyuh; ugha gSA 1
Or ^vFkok
2 2
(i) sin x + cos y = 1 Differentiating both sides w.r.to 'x' we get nksuksa rjiQ x ds lkis{k vodfyr djus ij gesa feyrk gS
d d dy d
(sin 2 x) + cos 2 y × = (1) or, 2sinx.cosx + (–2 cosy.siny) dy = 0 or, sin2x – sin 2y. dy = 0
dx dy dx dx dx dx
dy sin 2 x
∴ = sin 2 y 2
dx
cos x
(ii) y = log x Differentiating both sides w.r. to 'x' we get (nksuksa rjiQ x ds lkis{k vodfyr djus ij gesa feyrk gS)
d d
dy d ⎛ cos x ⎞ (log x) (cos x) – cos x (log x) ( x sin x.log x + cos x)
= ⎜ ⎟ = dx dx = – , x>0 2
dx ⎝ log x ⎠ 2
dx (log x) 2 x (log x )
(iii) xy – yxtaking legarithm both sides, we get (nksuksa rjiQ y?kqx.kd ysus ij ge ikrs gS)
y logx = x logy
Differentiating both sides w.r. to 'x' we get (nksuksa rjiQ x ds lkis{k vodfyr djus ij ge ikrs gS)
dy 1 1 dy
log x. + y. = 1.log y + x. .
dx x y dx
x dy y x log y – y dy y ( x log y – y )
or, (log x – ) = log y – = or, = 3
y dx x x dx x ( y log x – x)
11. Let ABCD is a parallelagram (ekuk ABCD ,d lekUrj prqHkqZt gS)
→ → → → →
and (vkSj) AB = 2iˆ – 4 ˆj + 5kˆ , BC = iˆ – 2 ˆj – 3kˆ , AC = AB + BC = 3iˆ – 6 ˆj + 2kˆ 1
→ →
now α = a iˆ + a ˆj + a kˆ is a unit vector which is parallel to diadonal AC also.
1 2 3
→ →
vc α = a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3kˆ ,d bdkbZ lfn'k gS tks fod.kZ AC ds leku gS) 1
→ →
α is a unit vector ( α ,d bdkbZ lfn'k gSA) ⇒ α1 + α 2 + α 3 = 1
2 2 2 ...(i)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
→ → → → → →
α and AC are parallel then α× AC = 0 α× AC = α1 α 2 α3 1
3 –6 2
= iˆ(2α 2 + 6α3 ) – ˆj (2α1 – 3α3 ) + k ( 6α1 – 3α 2 ) = 0
ˆ
3
2α2 + 6α3 = 0 ⇒ α2 = –3α3; 2α1 – 3α3 = 0 ⇒ α1 = α3
2
Math–[15]
9 2 49 2 4 2
From (i) we get α3 + 9α32 + α32 = 1 or, α3 = 1 ⇒ α32 = ∴ α3 = ±
4 4 49 7
3 3 6
α1 = α3 = ± α 2 = –3α3 = ±
2 7 7
→ 1 → →
Hence the required vector α = (±3iˆ ± 6 ˆj ± 2kˆ ) ; Now the area of parallelogram | AB× AC | 2
7
iˆ ˆj kˆ
→ →
AB × BC = 2 –4 5 = iˆ(12 + 10) – ˆj (6 – 5) + kˆ(–4 + 4) = 22iˆ + 11 ˆj
1 –2 –3
→ →
Area | AB × BC | = | 22iˆ + 11 ˆj |= (22)2 + (11)2 = 484 + 121 = 605 = 11 5 square unit (oxZ bdkbZ) 2
Or ^vFkok*
Let r be the radius and S be the surface area of balon at any time 't' then (ekuk xqCckjs dh f=kT;k r rFkk fdlh le;
ds dr dr
t ij lrg dk {ks=kiQy S gS] rc) S = 4πr2 ⇒ = 4πr × 2 = 8πr ...(i) 2
dt dt dt
ds ds
It is given that = constant = k (fn;k gS = vpj = k)
dt dt
ds ds dr
Putting = k in (1) we get ( = k (1) esa j[kus ij) k = 8πr.. or, 8πr dr = k dt
dt dt dt
Integrating both sides we get (nksuksa i{kksa dk lekdyu djus ij ge ikrs gS) 2
r2
8π ∫ rdr = k ∫ dt or, 8π ×= kt + C ∴ 4π r2 = kt + C ...(2)
2
Given that (fn;k x;k gS fd) at t = 0, r = 3 and (rFkk) at t = 2, r = 5
By (2) 4π × (3)2 = k × 0 + C ∴ C = 36π
Again by (2)(fiQj (2) ls) 4π × (5)2 = k × 2 + C = 2k + 36π ⇒ 2k = 100π – 36π = 64π ∴ k = 32π 3
Putting these value in (2) (bu ekuksa dks (2) esa j[kus ij) 4πr2 = 32πt + 36π
∴ r2 = 8t + 9 ∴ r = 8t + 9
12. Let the no. of cakes produced of type first are x and that of type
second are y.
(ekuk çFke çdkj dk x dsd rFkk f}rh; çdkj dk y dsd mRikfnr gksrk fig. 2
gS)
Then we have (rc ge ikrs gS) Max (vfèkdre) z + x + y
constraints are (caèku gS)
200x + 100y≤ 5000 (Flour conspaints mYVk çfrcaèk) 1
25x + 50y≤ 1000 (Fat copnstrains olk çfrcUèk
Hence mathematically we have
(vr% xf.krh; :i esa ge ikrs gS) max. (vfèkdre) z = x + y
2x + y ≤ 50
x + 2y ≤ 40
x ≤ 0, y ≤ 0 non-negative conspaints 2
Math–[16]
Now drawing the graph of the graph of the equation. For this we consent (½.kksÙkj çfr) the inequallty into
corresponding equations and draw the corresponding lines. The feasible region of L.P.P. is shaded in the figure
OABC.
(vc lehñ dk xzkiQ [khprs gSA blds fy, gesa vlfedkvksa dks lehñ esa ifjo£rr djrs gS vkSj laxr js[kkvksa dks [khprs gSA
2x + y = 50 .....(i), x + 2y = 40 ....(ii)
we get, (ge ikrs gS) x = 20, y = 10
The feasible region is shaded the corner points are 0(0, 0), A(25, 0) B (20, 10) and C(0, 20)
lEHkkO; {ks=k fp=k esa Nk;kafdr :i esa fn[kk;k x;k gS ftlds dks.kh; fcanq 0(0, 0) A(25, 0), B(20, 10) rFkk C(0, 20) gSA
The value of z = x + y (dk eku)
at 0(0, 0) = 0 + 0 = 0 at A (25, 0) = 25 + 0 = 25; at B (20, 10) = 20 + 10 = 30; at C (0, 20) = 0 + 20 = 20
Clearly max. z is 30 at x = 20 and y = 10 (Li"Vr% vfèkdre z = 30 tks x = 20 rFkk y = 10) 2
Or ^vFkok*
Given (fn;k x;k gS) x2+ y2=4 ...(1)
and (rFkk) (x – 2)2 + y2 = 4 ...(2)
From (1) we have (lehñ (1) ls gesa Kkr gS)
equation (1) is a circle of radius 2 units and having centre (0, 0) As fig. 2
equation (2) is a circle of radius 2 units but centre at (2, 0).
lehñ (1) esa o`Ùk dh f=kT;k 2 bdkbZ ,oa dsaæ (0, 0) gS rFkk lehñ (2) esa f=kT;k
% bdkbZ fdUrq dsUæ (2, 0) okys o`Ùk dks çn£'kr djrk gSA
Now solving (1) & (2) we get the points of intersections as (1, ± 3 )
ikrs gSA 1
Required Area = area of OBCAC (vHkh"V {ksñ = {ks=kiQy OBCAO)
= 2 × area ODCAO
curve is symmetrical about x-axis (oØ x-v{k ds lkis{k lefer gS)
1
= 2 ∫ ydx for II circle (o`Ùk II ds fy,) 2
0
2 1 2
2 2
+ 2 ∫ y dx for Ist circle (o`Ùk I ds fy,) = 2 ∫ 4 – ( x – 2) dx + 2 ∫ 4 – x dx
1 0 1
1 2
⎡1 2 4 –1 ⎛ x – 2 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡1 2 1 –1 x ⎤
= 2 ⎢ ( x – 2) 4 – ( x – 2) + ⋅ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ + 2 ⎢ x 4 – x + ⋅ 4sin
⎣2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦0 ⎣2 2 2 ⎦⎥1
1 2
⎡ 2 –1 ⎛ x – 2 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ 2 –1 x ⎤
= ⎢( x – 2) 4 – ( x – 2) + 4sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ + ⎢ x 4 – x + 4sin
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦0 ⎣ 2 ⎦⎥1
⎡ –1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ –1 ⎤ ⎡ –1 –1 1 ⎤
= ⎢ (– 3 + 4sin ⎜ – ⎟ – 4sin (–1) ⎥ + ⎢ 4sin (1) – 3 – 4sin
2 ⎦⎥
2
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣
⎡ π π⎤ ⎡ π π⎤ ⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞
= ⎢(– 3 – 4 × ) + 4 × ⎥ + ⎢ 4 × – 3 – 4 × ⎥ = ⎜ – 3 – + 2π ⎟ + ⎜ 2 π – 3 – ⎟
⎣ 6 2⎦ ⎣ 2 6⎦ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
8π ⎛ 4π ⎞
= – 2 3 = 2⎜ – 3 ⎟ square unit (oxZ bdkbZ)
3 ⎝ 3 ⎠

Math–[17]
SECTION ([k.M)–I

1. The angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equation l + m + n = 0. l2 + m2 – n2 = 0 is given
by (mu js[kkvksa ds chp dk dks.k ftudh fnd~&dkT;k,¡ l, m, n, lehdj.kksa l + m + n = 0 rFkk l2 + m2 – n2 = 0 dks larq"V
djrh gSA)
5π π 2π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 3 6
⎛ sin x ⎞ dy
2. If (;fn) y = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ , then (rks) =
⎝ 1 + cos ⎠ dx
1 1 1
(a) 1 + cos–2x (b) – (c) (d)
4 4 2
3. 2 2
Area lying between the curves y – 4x and y = 2x is (oØ y – 4x rFkk y = 2x js[kk ds chp f?kjs {ks=k dk {ks=kiQy gS)
1 3 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 3 3
+1
4. ∫ | x | dx cjkcj gS
−1
1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) none of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
2
5. The function (iQyu) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 18 is
(a) Increasing on ]–a, 0[ and decreasing on ]0 ∞,[ (]–∞, 0[ esa o`f¼eku vkSj ]0 ∞,[ esa ßkl)
(b) Monotonic increasing for all x (∀ x ∈ R esa ,d fn"V o`f¼eku gS)
(c) Monotonic decreasing for all x (∀ x ∈ R esa ,d fn"V o`f¼eku gS)
(d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
x +1 y + 3 x – 4 x – 4 y + 4 z +1
6. The angle between two lines (nks js[kkvksa) – – and (rFkk) – – is ds chp dk
2 2 –1 1 2 2
dks.k gS)
–1 3 –1 4 –1 1 –1 2
(a) cos (b) cos (c) cos (d) cos
9 9 9 9
Math–[18]
7. The slope of the tangent to the curve x – t2 + 3t – 8, y – 2t2 – 2t – 5 at the point (2, –1) is
(oØ x – t2 + 3t – 8, y – 2t2 – 2t – 5 ds fcUnq (2, –1) ij Li'kZ js[kk dh ço.krk gS)
7 6 22 6
(a) (b) – (c) (d)
6 7 7 7
10 x9 + 10 x log e10
8. ∫ x10 + 10 x
dx is equal to (cjkcj gS)
(a) (10x – x10)–1 + c (b) log[10x – x10] + c (c) 10x – x10 + c (d) 10x + x10 + c
9. Smaller area bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the line x + y = 2 is
(o`Ùk x2 + y2 = 4 rFkk ljy js[kk x + y = 2 ds chp f?kjs NksVs Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy gksxkA
(a) 2p – 1 (b) 2(p + 2) (c) 2 (p – 2) (d) p – 2
3
∫
x
10. dx (cjkcj gS)
2
5– x+ x
1
(a) (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 2
2
→ → →
11. The area of a parallelogram having diagonals (ml lekarj prqHkqZt dk {ks=kiQy ftlds fod.kZ) 3 i + j – k and
(rFkk) →i – 3 →j + 4 →
k ( gS)
3
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 30 (d) 5 3
2
2
3
∫ 4 + 9 x2
dx
12. is equal to (cjkcj gS)
0
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
24 4 6 12
13. Two events A and B have probabilities 0.25 and 0.50 respectively. The probability that both A and B occur
simultaneously is 0.14. Then, the probability that neither A nor B occurs is
(nks ?kVukvksa A ,oa B dh çkf;drk Øe'k% 0.25 ,oa 0.50 gSA nksuksa ?kVukvksa A vkSj B ds lkFk&lkFk ?kVus dh çkf;drk 0.14
gSA rd nksuksa A vkSj B esa ls fdlh ds ugha ?kVus dh çkf;drk gSA
(a) 0.11 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.39 (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
14. 2
The slope of the normal to the curve y = 2x + 3sinx at x = 0 is
(oØ y = 2x2 + 3sinx ds fcUnq x = 0 ij vfHkyac dh <ky gS)
(a) –3 (b) –1/3 (c) 3 (d) 1/3
15. A plane passes through (1, –2, 1) and is perpendicular to the planes 2x – 2y + z = 0 and x – y + 2z = 4, then the
distance of the plane from the point (1, 2, 2) is
(fcUnq (1, 2, 2) ls ml ry dh nwjh tks fcUnq (1, –2, 1) ls xqtjrh gS 2x – 2y + z = 0 rFkk x – y + 2z = 4 ryksa ,oa ij
yEc gS)
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 0 (d) 1
Math–[19]
16. tan –1 3 – sec –1 (–2) is equal to (cjkcj gS)
π 2π π
(a) (b) (c) π (d) –
3 3 3
x 3 7
17. If –9 is the root of the equaton (;fn lkjf.kd dk ,d ewy) 2 x 2 = 0, then other two roots are (gks rks vU;
7 6 x
nks ewy gksaxsA)

(a) –2, –7 (b) 2, – 7 (c) 2, 7 (d) –2, 7
18. Let E = {1, 2, 3, 4} and F = {1, 2}, then number of onto functions from E to F is
(ekuk fd E = {1, 2, 3, 4} ,oa F = {1, 2} rks E ls F esa vkPNknd iQyuksa dh la[;k gSA
(a) 12 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 14
π
19. If θ + Φ = then sinθ.sinΦ has a maximum value at θ equal to
3
π
(;fn θ + Φ = rks sinθ.sinΦ dk vfèkdre eku gksxk tc θ dk eku gksxk)
3
π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
4 3 6
1
20. If (;fn) P(A) = , P(B) = 0, then (rks) ( P ⎛ A ⎞ is (gS)
2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝B⎠
1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) not defined (ifjHkkf"kr ugha)
2
(a) If both the Assertion and Reason are corredt and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(nksuksa dFku lgh gS rFkk dFku&II dFku&I dh lgh O;k[;k gSA)
(b) If both the Assertiona nd Reason are correct but Reason is not the explanation of the Assertion.
(nksuksa dFku lgh gS ijUrq dFku&II dFku&I dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA)
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong. (dFku&I lgh gS ijUrq dFku&II xyr gSA
(d) Assertion is wrong but Reason is correct. (dFku&I xyr gS ijUrq dFku&II lgh gSA)
1 1 1
21. Statement (dFku) : I. Let (ekuk fd)P (A ∩ B) = , P(A) = and (rFkk) P(B) = . Then the event A and B
4 2 2
are independent events. ( rc ?kVuk A ,oa B Lora=k ?kVuk,¡ gSaA)
Statement (dFku) : II. P(A ∩ B) ≠ P(A) . P(B)
Math–[20]
→ → → → → → → →
22. Statement (dFku) : I. The vector (lfn'k) a = 2 i + 3 j + k and (rFkk) b = 5 i + 2 j + 4 k are perpendicular
to each other. (,d nwl
w js ij yEc gSA)
→ → → →
Statement (dFku) : II. The vector (lfn'k) a ,oa b yEcor gksxk ;fn a × b = 0 )
23. Statement (dFku) : I. Rolle's Theorem apply for f(x) = x2 + 2x – 8 on [–4, 2]

(iQyu f(x) = x2 + 2x – 8 vUrjky [–4, 2] esa jkWys çes; dh 'kÙkZ dks larq"V djrk gSA
Statement (dFku) : II. f '(x) exists on [–4, 2] (vUrjky [–4, 2] esa f '(x) dk vfLrRo gS)
24. Statement (dFku) : I. For the function f(x) = 4x3 + 9x2 – 12x has local maxima at x = –2
(iQyu f(x) = 4x3 + 9x2 – 12x dks fcUnq x = –2 ij egÙke eku gSA)
Statement (dFku) : II. f '(–2) = 0 and f ' (–2) > 0 (D;ksafd f '(–2) = 0 rFkk f ' (–2) > 0)
25. Statement (dFku) : I. If (;fn) A = {1, 2, 3} and (rFkk) R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2) (2, 1)} then R is reflexive relation.
(rks R ,d LorqY; lEcUèk gSA)
Statement (dFku) : II.The relation R is symmetric and transitive. (lEcUèk R lefer ,oa laØed gSA)
π
4
∫ tan
n
26. Let In ekuk fd = x dx , n ∈ I, then (rc)
0
1 1
(a) In + In–2 = (b) In + In – 2 =
n –1 n
(c) I1 = I3 + 2I5 (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
3
27. At (fuEu dk eku) x = the value is real for (ij okLrfod gksxk)A
2
(a) cos–1 2x (b) cosec–1 x (c) tan–1 x (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
→ → → → π → →
28. If | a |= 4 | b | = 2 and the angle between a and b is then, ( a × b ) 2 is equal to
6
→ → → → π → →
(;fn | a |= 4 ,oa | b | = 2 rFkk a vkSj b ds chp dk dks.k gS rks ( a × b ) 2 dk eku gksxk)
6
→
(a) (b) 16 (c) 48 (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
a2
Math–[21]
π π
I. If (;fn) tan–1 2x + tan–13x = then (rc) x = (a) – log 2
4 2
π
2
II. ∫ log sin x.dx = (b) 2
0
III. The value of λ for which planes (;fn ry) 2x – 4y + 3z = 7 and (,oa)
1
x + 2y + λz = 18 are perpendicular to each other18 yEcor gksa rks λ dk eku gksxk) (c)
6
⎧ kx + 1, x ≤ 1
IV. If (;fn) f(x) = ⎨ Is continuous at x = 5, then value of k is
⎩3 x – 5, x > 0
9
ij larr gks rks k dk eku) (d)
5
30. Paragraph : A square matrix A is called (,d oxZ vkO;wg A dgk tkrk gS)
(i) Idempotent if A2 = A (oxZ le ;fn A2 = A (ii) Involuntary if A2 = I (varoZyuh ;fn A2 = I)
(iii) Nilpotent matrix of index K if AR = O and Ak – 1 ≠ O, K ≥ 2
(k ?kkrkad dk 'kwU; Hkkoh vkO;wg ;fn Ak = 0 ('kwU; vkO;wg) rFkk Ak – 1 ≠ 0, K ≥ 2)
⎡ 2 –2 –4 ⎤
⎢ –1 3 4 ⎥
I. Matrix ⎢ ⎥ is (gS)
⎢⎣ 1 –2 –3⎥⎦
(a) Nilpotent of order 2 (2 ?kkrkad dk 'kwU;Hkkoh) (b) Idempotent (oxZ le)

(c) Involuntary (varoZyuh) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
⎡ –5 –8 0 ⎤
⎢3 5 0⎥
II. Matrix (vkO;wg) ⎢ ⎥ is (gS)
⎢⎣ 1 –2 –3⎥⎦
(a) Nilpotent of order 2 (2 ?kkrkad dk 'kwU;Hkkoh) (b) Idempotent (oxZ le)

(c) Involuntary (varoZyuh) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
Math–[22]
⎡ 1 –3 –4 ⎤
⎢ –1 5 0 ⎥
III. Matrix (vkO;wg) ⎢ ⎥ is (gS)
⎢⎣ 1 –3 –4 ⎥⎦
(a) Nilpotent of order 2 (2 ?kkrkad dk 'kwU;Hkkoh) (b) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
(c) Involuntary (varoZyuh) (d) Idempotent (oxZ le)


π
1. In any triangle ABC, if A = tan–1 2 and B = tan–1 3 then Prove that C =
4
O r,
⎡ 1 3 2⎤ ⎡1 ⎤
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
For what value of x : [1 x 1] ⎢ 2 5 1 ⎥ ⎢ 2⎥ = O
⎢⎣15 3 2⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦
2. Find the value of k so that the function f(x) = kx + 1, if x ≤ π = cos x, if x ≥ π Is continuous at x = π.
dy sin 2 (a + y )
3. If siny = x sin(x + y), prove that =
dx sin a
Or,
d2y dy
If y = (tan–1 x)2, prove that (1 + x2)2 + 2 x(1 + x 2 ) =2
2 dx
dx
3x – 1
4. Find (Kkr djsa) ∫ ( x – 1)( x – 2)( x – 3) dx
O r,
π
2
∫ 1 + sin x dx
0
x ⎛ 1 + sin x ⎞
5. Find (Kkr djsa) ∫ e ⎜ ⎟ dx
⎝ 1 + cos x ⎠
Or,
1 n
∫ x (1– x ) dx
0
Math–[23]
6. Find the area of triangle whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors (ml f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy fudkysa
→ → → →
ftldh yxkrkj Hkqtk,¡ gSa) → → →
a – 2 i – 5 k and b = – i – 2 j – k
dy ⎧ ⎛ θ ⎞⎫
7. Find (Kkr djsa) where (tgk¡) x = a ⎨cos θ + log ⎜ tan ⎟ ⎬ and y = a sin θ
dx ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
O r,
dy
If y = xx + x1/x, find :
dx
8. A couple has two children. Find the probability that both children are boys if it is known that at least one of the
children is a boy.
Or,
A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet considered a success, find the probability of getting 2
success
II. From question no 9 to 12 carry 7 marks each. These questions are of long answer type.
(b + c) 2 a2 a2
b2 (c + a ) 2 b2 = 2abc(a + b + c)3
9. Show that (lkfcr djsa)
c2 c2 ( a + b) 2
10. Prove that the curves (lkfcr djsa fd oØ) x = y2 and (rFkk) xy = k cut at right angles if 8k2 = 1
Or,
2
Find (Kkr djsa) ∫ ( x 2 + 3)dx as the limit of sum ? (nks fyfuV ds tksM+ ds :i esa)
0
11. Find the equation of the line of intersection of planes 4x + 4y – 5z = 12 and 8x + 12y – 13z = 32 in the symmetric
form ?
Or,
→ → → → → →
The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2 i – 4 j + 5 k and – i – 2 j – 3 k . Find the unit vector parallel
to its diagonals. Also find its area.
12. One kind of cake requires 200g of flour and 25g of fat and another kind of cake requires 100g of flour and 50g
of fat. Find the maximum number of cake which can be made from 5kg of flour and 1kg of fat assuming that
there is no shortage of the other ingredients used in making the cakes.

Math–[24]
SECTION ([k.M)–I

1. Value of c for lagrange's mean value theoren for the function f(x) = 3x2 + 5x + 7 in the intervol [4, 3] is
(iQyu f(x) = 3x2 + 5x + 7 ds fy, ySxjk¡ts ds ekè;eku çes; dk c, vUrjky [1, 3] esa eku gksxkA)
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 1
→ → → → → →
2. If (;fn) | a + b | = | a – b | then (rks) the angle between (ds chp dk dks.k a and (vkSj ) b is gksxkA)
π π π
→→→
–i–2–
j 3.k
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
4 6 2
2 ⎛ 2 ⎞ 3
⎛ dy ⎞ d y
3. The order of the differential equation (vody lehdj.k dh dksfV ) 1 + ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ is ( gSA)
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
dy
4. The solution of the differential equation (vody lehdj.k) + y tan x = sec x is (dk lekèkku gSµ)
dn
(a) y = tanx + cotx + c (b) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
(c) y = sinx + c cos x (d) y = sinx – c cos x
→ → → → → → → → →
5. If 3 i + j – 2 k , – i + 3 j + 4 k and a i – 2 j – 6 k are coplanar then a =
→ → → → → → → → →
(;fn 3 i + j – 2 k , – i + 3 j + 4 k vkSj a i – 2 j – 6 k leryh; gks rks a =)
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) –2 (d) 2
6. 3 1/3
If f(x) = 8x and g(x) = x then gof is
(;fn f(x) = 8x3 vkSj g(x) = x1/3 rks gof =)
(a) 2x (b) 6x (c) 8x (d) 4x
7. The radius of a circles is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/sec. Then rate of increase in circumference is
(,d o`Ùk dh f=kT;k 0.7 cm/sec dh nj ls c<+ jgh gSA bldh ifjfèk dh o`f¼ dh nj gksxhA)
(a) 0.7π cm/sec (b) π cm/sec (c) 2.1 π cm/sec (d) 1.7 π cm/sec
Math–[25]
8. The slope of the tangent to the curve x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 at the point (2, –1) is.
(oØ x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 ds fcUnq (2, –1) ij Li'kZ js[kk dk <+ky gSµ)
7 –6 22 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 7 7 7
dx
9. Value of ∫ is (dk eku gksxk) :
x2 – a2
(a) log | x + x 2 + a 2 | + c (b) log | x + x 2 – a 2 | + c
–1x
(c) sin +c (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
a
10. The equation of the plane through the origin and passing through the line of intersection of the planes x + y + z
= 4 and 5x – 2y + z = 2 is— (ryksa vkSj dh dkVu js[kk vkSj ewyfcanq ls xqtjusokys ry dk lehdj.k gksxk)
(a) 4x – 3y = 0 (b) 9x – 5y + z = 0
(c) 6x – y + 2z = 0 (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
11. If A and B aree mutually exclusive events then (;fn A vkSj B nks ijLij viothZ ?kVuk,¡ gks rks]
⎛A⎞ ⎛ B⎞
(a) P ⎜ ⎟ =0 (b) P ⎜ ⎟ =0 (c) P(A ∪ B) = 0 (d) P (A ∩ B) = 0
⎝ B⎠ ⎝A⎠
x x– y
12. tan –1 – tan –1 =
y x+ y
π π –3π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 4 2
13. –1
If f(x) = sin x, then domain of f(x) is :
(;fn f(x) = sin–1x rks f(x) dk çkIr gksxk %)
(a) x ≥ 1 or x ≤ –1 (b) –1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (c) x ≥ 1 (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
1
(27 – 2 x) 3 –3
14. The value of f(0), so that the function (dk eku D;k gksxk ;fn iQyu) f ( x) = 1
( x ≠ 0) is contineory
9 – 3(243 + 5 x) 5
at x = 0 is given by ij larr gks %)
2
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) (d) 6
3
⎡1 0 ⎤ ⎡ –1 1 ⎤
15. If (;fn) A+B= ⎢ ⎥ and (vkSj) A – 2B= ⎢ ⎥ then (rks ) A =
⎣1 1 ⎦ ⎣ 0 –1⎦
⎡ 2/3 1/3⎤ ⎡1/3 1/3⎤ ⎡1 1⎤

(a) ⎢ ⎥ (b) ⎢ 2/3 1/3⎥ (c) ⎢ ⎥ (c)None (dksbZ ugha)
⎣ 2/3 1/3⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 2 1⎦
16. Let (ekuk) A = {(1, 2) (1, 1) (2, 2) (2, 1)}. Let (ekuk) R be a relation on (ij ,d laca¼ gS) A then ( rks) R is
(a) Transitive (laØked) (b) Reflexive (LorqY;) (c) Symmetric (lefer) (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
Math–[26]
17. Let A = {1, 2} how many binary operations can be defined on this set.
(ekuk fd A = {1, 2} bl leqPp; ij fdrus f}pj lafØ;k,¡ ifjHkkf"kr gks ldrs gSA
(a) 16 (b) 20 (c) 8 (d) 10
18. 3 2
For what values of x, the function x + 3x + 3x + 7 is increasing.
(x ds fdl eku ds fy;s iQyu f(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 7 oèkZeku gksxk%)
(a) x > 0 (b) x = 0 (c) for all x (lHkh x ds fy;s) (d) x<0
19. If A and B are two events such that P(A ∪ B) = P(A) then–
(;fn A vkSj B nks ?kVuk,¡ bl çdkj gksa rkfd P(A ∪ B) = P(A) rks)
⎛A⎞ ⎛B⎞ ⎛B⎞ ⎛A⎞
(a) P ⎜ ⎟ = 1 (b) P⎜ ⎟ =1 (c) P ⎜ ⎟ = 0 (d) P⎜ ⎟ = 0
⎝ B⎠ ⎝A⎠ ⎝A⎠ ⎝ B⎠
20. If a * b = a + b – 2 and if x * 3 = 7 then what is the value of x–1 ?
(;fn a * b = a + b – 2 vkSj x * 3 = 7 rks x–1 dk eku gksxk)
(a) 6 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) –2
21. If f : A → B and g : B → C are one one onto function.
(;fn f : A → B vkSj g : B → C ,dSd vkPNkfnd dyu gSA
Statement (dFku)I : gof : A → C is one one (Hkh ,dSd gksxk)
Statement (dFku) II : gof : A → C is onto (Hkh vkPNkfnd gksxkA)
1 1
22. Let (ekuk fd) A and (vkSj) B be two events such that (nks ?kVuk,¡ gS rkfd) P(A ∩ B) = , P(A) = and (vkSj)
4 2
1
P(B) =
2
Statement (dFku) I : A and B are independent events (A vkSj B Lora=k ?kVuk,¡ gSA)
Statement (dFku) II. : P(A ∩ B) ≠ P(A).P(B)
a+b a+b
23. Let a * b = ekuk fd a * b =
2 2
Statement (dFku) I : * is commulative but not associative (Øefofues; gksxk ijUrq lkgp;Z ughaA)
Statement (dFku) II : * is a binary operation (* ,d f}pj lafØ;k gSA)
Math–[27]
π/4
24. Let (ekuk fd) In = ∫0 tan n xdx where (tgk¡) n ∈ N.
π/ 4 1
Statement (dFku) I : ∫0 tan 9 x dn = (3π – 8)
12
1
Statement (dFku) II : In + In –2 =
n –1
→ → → → → → → →
25. Statement (dFku) I : 4 a + 5 b + c , – b – c and (vkSj) 5 a + 9 b + 4 c are coplanar, where (,dryh; gS] tcfd)
→ → →
a , b , c are non coplanar. (uSdryh; gSA)
→ → → → → →
Statement (dFku) II : If (;fn) p = λ ( q × r ) then (rks) p , q , r are non coplonar. (,dryh; ugha gSA)
1
26. ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x dx =
sec 2 x 3 sec2 x tan 2 x tan 2 x
(a) 9 + (b) – (c) –5 (d) 3–
2 2 2 2 2
→ → → → →
27. If (;fn) a + b = c , then (rks) a × b =
→ → → → → → → →
(a) c × a (b) a × c (c) b × c (d) c × b
28. If the direction ratio of a line are 1 + λ, 1 – λ, 2 and it makes an angle of 60° with the y-axis then l is.
;fn fdlh ljy js[kk ds fnd~ vuqikr 1 + λ, 1 – λ, 2 gks tks y v{k ds lkFk 60° dk dks.k cukrk gS] rks λ =
(a) 1 – 3 (b) 2 – 5 (c) 1 + 3 (d) 2 + 5
⎡1 –1 2 ⎤
I. If A = ⎢⎢ 0 2 –3⎥⎥ then (rks) |adj A| (a) 6
⎢⎣ 3 2 4 ⎥⎦
II. Minimum value of f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + x + 6 (dk fuEu"B eku gksxk) (b) 12
→ → → → → → → →
III. ( i – 2 j + 3 k ) × (2 i + j – k ) ⋅ ( j + k ) (c) 1
IV. The experiment is done 10 times. The most propable no. of success
of getting white ball is (ç;ksx 10 ckj fd;k tkrk gSA lokZfèkd ckj laHko (d) 7
liQsn xsan ikus dh liQyrk dh la[;k gksxh)
Math–[28]
If A is a non empty set, then R ⊂ A × A is said to be a relation on A. A relation R on 'A' is said to be
(;fn A ,d vfjDr lkeqP; gks ,oa R ⊂ A × A rks R dks leqPp; esa (f}vkèkkjh laca¼ dgrs gS)
fdlh leqPp; A esa lacaèk R dks dgrs gSµ
(i) Reflexive if aRa, i.e. (a, a) ∈ R ≠ a ∈ A. (LorqY;] ;fn aRa, vFkkZr (a, a) ∈ R ≠ a ∈ A
(ii) Symmetric if aRb then bRa i.e. if (a, b) ∈ R then (b, a) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R then (a, c) ∈ R. ≠ a, b, c ∈ A.
(lefer] ;fn aRb rks bRa vFkkZr (a, b) ∈ R rks (b, a) ∈ R, ≠ a, b ∈ A
(iii) Transitive if aRb and bRc then aRc i.e. if (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R then (a, c) ∈ R. ≠ a, b, c ∈ A.
(laØed ;fn aRb vkSj bRc rks aRc vFkkZr ;fn (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R rks (a, c) ∈ R. ≠ a, b, c ∈ A.
30. Relation R on A is an equivalence relation if R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Now answer the question.
(leqPp; A esa lacèa k R dks ,d rqY;rk lacèa k dgrs gS ;fn R, LorqY;] lefer vkSj laØed gksAa vc fuEu ç'uksa ds mÙkj nksA
I. The relation = (equals to) on the set of all integers Z is (iw.kk±dksa ds leqPp; esa '=' (cjkcj) lacaèk gSA
(a) reflexive and symmetrici but not transitive (LorqY; ;k lefer fdarq laØed ugha)
(b) equivalence relation (rqY;rk oxZ)
(c) reflexive but not symmetric (LorqY; fdarq lefer ugha)
(d) symmetric but not transitive (lefer fdarq laØed ugha)
II. On the set of all integrs Z, the relation '>' (greater than) is (iw.kk±dksa ds leqPp; esa '>' (cM+k gS) lacaèk gSA
(a) transitive (laØed) (b) equivalence relation (rqY;rk oxZ)
(c) reflexive (LorqY;) (b) symmetric (lefer)
III. On the set of all integers Z, the relation '<' (less than) is : (iw.kk±dksa ds leqPp; esa '<' (NksVk) gS) lacaèk gSµ)
(a) symmetric but not tronsitive (lefer fdarq laØed ugha) (b) trorsitive (laØed)
(c) reflexive but not symmetric (LorqY; fdUrq lefer ugha)
(d) symmetric but not reflexive (lefer fdarq LorqY; ugha)


1. A binonial variate X has mean = 6 and varionce = 2. What is the probability 5 ≤ X ≤ 7?
,d f}in pj X dds fy;s ekè; = 6 vkSj çlj.k = 2 gSA D;k çkf;drk gS fd 5 ≤ X ≤ 7\
Or, ^vFkok*
Find the probability distribution of the numbers obtained in throwing a die once ?
,d ikls dh ,d iQsd
a esa çkIr la[;kvksa dk çkf;drk caVu Kkr djksA
Math–[29]
dy 1 + y 2
2. solve the differential equation (vodyt lehdj.k dks gy djsa ) % =
dx 1 + x 2
3. Using properties of determinant show that (lkfj.kd ds xq.kksa dk ç;ksx dj fl¼ djsaµ)
x x2 yz
y y2 zx = ( x – y )( y – z )( z – x)( xy + yz + zx)
z z2 xy
π π
4. Find k, if 'f' is contineour at x = (k, dk eku fudkysa rkfd iQyu 'f' x = ij lar gksA)
2 2
⎧ k cos x π⎫
⎪⎪ π – 2 x , if x≠ ⎪
2⎪
f ( x) = ⎨ ⎬
⎪ 3, if π if (;fn)
x= ⎪
⎪⎩ 2 ⎪⎭
Or, ^vFkok*
dy ⎛ dy ⎞
Find if/ ⎜ ⎟ Kkr djks ;fn xy + yx = 1
dx ⎝ dx ⎠
5. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (–1, 2, 3) which is perpendicular to the lines fcUnq
k y –1 z + 2 x + 3 y + 2 z –1
(–1, 2, 3) ls tkrs gq, ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks js[kkvks)a = = and (rFkk) = = .
2 –3 2 –1 2 3
(ij yac gksA)
6. Using properties of definite integrals, evaluate (fuf'pr lekdyu ds xq.kksa dh enn ls] eku fudkyksa)
8
I = ∫ | x – 5 | dx
2
Or ^vFkok*
Evaluate the definite Integrals as limit of sum. ( lekdyu dks Js.kh ds ;ksx dh lhek ls Kkr djsaA)
8
I = ∫ | x – 5 | dx.
2
⎡ 3 –2 ⎤ ⎡1 0 ⎤ 2
7. If (;fn ) A= ⎢ ⎥ and I= ⎢ ⎥ , find k, so that (eku Kkr djks ;fn) A = kA –2I.
⎣ 4 –2 ⎦ ⎣ 0 1 ⎦
Or ^vFkok*
⎡ 0 1 –1⎤
Show that (fl¼ djs) a A= ⎢⎢ –1 0 1 ⎥⎥ is a skew symmetric matrix. (,d fo"ke lefer gSA)
⎢⎣ 1 –1 0 ⎥⎦
–1 x – 1 x +1 π
8. If (;fn) tan + tan –1 = , find the value of x ? (dk eku Kkr djsaA)
x–2 x+2 4
Math–[30]
II. From question no 9 to 12 carry 7 marks each. These qu3stions are of long answer type.
9. Prove that the rectangle of greatest area inscribed in a circle is a square.
fl¼ djs fd ,d o`Ùk ds varxZr o`gre {ks=kiQy okyk vk;r ,d oxZ gSA
x2 y2 x2 y 2
10. Find the area of Ellipse + = 1 (nh?kZo`Ùk + = 1 dk {ks=kiQy fudkysA
a2 b2 a2 b2
Or, ^vFkok*
dx
Integrate (lekdyu djsa) ∫ ( x + a)( x – b)( x + c)
11. How far is the point (4, 1, 1) from the line of intesection of the planes x + y + z = 4, x – 2y – z = 4?
ryksa x + y + z = 4, x – 2y – z = 4 dh çfrPNsn js[kk ls fcUnq (4, 1, 1) fdruh nwjh ij fLFkr gS\
Or, ^vFkok*
A furniture dealer deals in only two items, tables and chairs. he has Rs 5000 to invest and a space to store at
most 60 pieces. A table costs him Rs. 250 and a chair Rs. 50, he can sell a table at a profit of Rs. 50 and a chair
at a profit of Rs 15. Assuming that he can sell all the items that he buys how should he invest his money in order
that he may maximize his profit.
,d iQuhZpj O;kikjh ek=k nks oLrq,¡ est vkSj dqlhZ csprk gSA mlds ikl fuos'k ds fy, 5000 #ñ gS ,oa dsoy 60 oLrqfvksa
dks j[kus dk LFkku gSA ,d est ij 250 #ñ vkSj ,d dqlhZ dks 15 #ñ ykHk ds lkFk csprk gSA ;g ekurs gq, fd og ftruh
oLrq,¡ [kjhnrk gS mUgsa csp ldrk gS] mls viuk èkuf dl çdkj fuosf'kr djuk pkfg, fd mls vfèkdre ykHk gksA
12. Find the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operation. (fuEuffy[kr vkO;wg dk çfrykse çkjafHkd
lafØ;k dk ç;ksx dj fudkys)
⎡ 1 3 –2 ⎤
A= ⎢⎢ –3 0 –5 ⎥⎥
⎣⎢ 2 5 0 ⎥⎦
Or, ^vFkok*
Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix. (fuEufyf[kr vkO;wg dks
,d lefer vkSj ,d fo"ke lefer vkO;wg ds ;ksx ds :i esa O;Dr djsa A)
⎡ 1 3 –2 ⎤
A= ⎢⎢ –3 0 –5 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣ 2 5 0 ⎥⎦

Math–[31]
SECTION ([k.M)–I

1. A Matrix has 18 elements, then possible orders of a matrix are (;fn matrix A ds 18 lnL; gS] rks A ds lHkh lEHko
dksfV dh la[;k gSA)
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 4
⎡ 3 1⎤
2. If (;fn) A = ⎢ ⎥ then (rc) A2 –5A – 7I is (dk eku gS)
⎣ –1 2 ⎦
(a) diagonal matrix (fod.kZ vkO;wg) (b) anidentity matrix (le bdkbZ vkO;wg)
(c) zero matrix ('kwU; vkO;wg) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
⎡1 2 ⎤
3. If (;fn) A = ⎢ ⎥ then (rc)
⎣2 4⎦
(a) A2 = 2A (b) A–1 exists (A–1 dk vfLrRo gS) (c) |A| = 0 (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
4. If f ( x ) = { x; x is an integer
0; x is not an integer
then at x = 2, f(x) is
(;fn f(x) = x, x ,d iw.kk±d la[;k gS = 0, x ,d iw.kk±d la[;k ugha gS rks f(x), x = 2 ij)
(a) not defined (ifjHkkf"kr ugha gS) (b) discontinuous (larr ugha gS)
(c) continuous (larr gS) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
dy
5. If (;fn) y= cosex (cot–1x) then =
dx
x –x x
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
1– x 1+ x 1 + x2
x
⎛1⎞
6. The maximum value of (dk egÙke eku) ⎜ ⎟ is (gS)
1 ⎝ x⎠
1 ⎛1⎞
(a) e (b) ⎜ ⎟ e (c) e (d) e e
e ⎝e⎠
7. The value of c of Rolle's theorem for the function f(x) = x2 – 1 is interval [–1, 1] is
(iQyu f(x) = x2 = 1 vUrjky [–1, 1] esa Rolle's çes; ds vuqlkj c dk eku gS)
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
4 2
Math–[32]
1 – cos x
8. ∫ 1 + cos x dx = ..............
2 tan x x x
(a) x + (b) x – 2 tan + c (c) x + 2tan + c (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
2 2 2
π/ 2
sin x
9. ∫ sin x + cos x
dx equal to (dk eku gS)
0
π π
(a) π (b) (c) (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
2 4
1
10. ∫ 4 + 9 x 2 dx equal to (cjkcj gS)
1 –1 ⎛ 3x ⎞ 1 2 1 3x
(a) tan ⎜ ⎟ + c (b) tan –1 + c (c) tan –1 + c (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
6 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 3x 3x 2
→ → → → → → → → → →
11. If (;fn) a = 2 i – 3 j + 6 k ; b = 3 i – 2 j + 1 k then (lfn'k rc) a ⋅ b =
(a) 6 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
12. If A and B are such events that P(A) > 0 and P(B) ≠ 1 then P( A ) is equal to
B
(;fn A vkSj B ,sls gSa fd P(A) > 0 vkSj P(B) ≠ 1 rc P(A/B) cjkcj gS)
1 – P(A ∪ B) P(A)
(a) P(B) (b) P(B) (c) 1 – P (A/B) (d) 1 – P (B/A)
13. If A and B are two events associated with same random experiment such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B/
A) = 0.6 then P(A/B) is (;fn A vkSj B nks ?kVuk,¡ ,d gh ;kn`fPNd ç;ksx ls tqM+s gks rkfd P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8
vkSj P(B/A) = 0.6 rks P(A/B) gS) A
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.6 B(c) 0.3 (d) 0.4
14. Area of the region bounded by the curve y = cosx between x = 0 and x = 2π is
(fdlh oØh; {ks=k dk {ks=kiQy tks fd oØ y = cos x caèkk gqvk (f?kjk gqvk) gks x = 0 vkSj x = 2π gksxk)
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 3
15. Let f : N → N be defined by f(x) = 2x + 3 ∀ x ∈ N then 'f ' is (;fn f : N → N bl çdkj gks fd f(x) = 2x + 3
∀ x ∈ N rks f)
(a) one-one onto (,dSdh&vkPNknd gS) (b) into (vukPNknd) (c) onto (vkPNknd) (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
16. Let f : R → R is defined as f(x) = 2x3 – 1. Then f–1 is
(;fn f : R → R bl çdkj ifjHkkf"kr gks fd f(x) = 2x3 – 1 rks f dk çfrykse gksxk)
1
1 + x ⎞3
(a) (1 – 2x)3 (b) ⎛⎜ ⎟ (c) 2x3 + 1 (d) (2x)3 + 1
⎝ 2 ⎠
17. A function 'f ' is ssid to be continuous as x = a if
(,d iQyu 'f ' x = a ij larr dgk tkrk gS ;fn)
(a) f(a) exists (f(a) lEHko gS) (b) xLt
→a
f ( x) exists ( Lt f ( x) dk vfLrRo gS)
x →a
(c) xLt
→a
f ( x) does not exists ( Lt f ( x) dk vfLrRo ugha gS)
x →a
(d) None (dksbZ ugha)
18. The binary operation * on Z is defined as a * b = a + b + 1 ∀ a, b ∈ z, then the identity element in Z is
(;fn Z ij f}vkèkkjh lafØ;k * bl rjg ls ifjHkkf"kr gks a * b = a + b + 1 ∀ a, b ∈ z rks Z esa rRled vo;o gksxkA
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
19. {
If f : R → R be a function defined as f ( x ) = −1; x is rational Then f(π) is equal to
1; x is irrational
(;fn f : R → R bl çdkj ifjHkkf"kr gks f(x) = 1 ;fn x ifjes; gS = –1 ;fn x vifjes; gS rks f(π) cjkcj gksxk)
(a) 1 (b) can't be found (ugha fudky ldrs gS) (c) 0 (d) –1
Math–[33]
20. f : A → B will be onto mapping if (f : A → B ,d vPNknd iQyu gksxk ;fn)
(a) f(A) ⊆ f(B) (b) f(A) ⊆ B (c) f(A) = B (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
1 1 1
21. Statement (dFku) I : Let (ekuk fd) P(A ∩ B = , P(A) = and (rFkk) P(B) = then the events A and B
4 2 2
are independent. (rks ?kVuk,¡ A rFkk B Lora=k gSA)
Statement (dFku) II : P(A ∩ B) ≠ P(A) .P(B)
22. Statement (dFku) I : Let f : N → Y be a function defined 7. as f(x) = 9x + 3 where Y = {y : y = 9x + 3, x ∈ N},
then f is one-one. (ekuk fd f : N → Y ,d iQyu gS tks f(x) = 9x + 3 ifjHkkf"kr gS] tgk¡ Y = {y :
y = 9x + 3, x ∈ N}, rks f ,dSdh iQyu gSA)
Statement (dFku) II : For (ds fy,) x1, x2 ∈ N we ahve f(x1) = f(x2) ⇒ x1 = x2
→ → → → → → → →
23. Statement (dFku) I : If (;fn) a = 3 i – 2 j + k and (rFkk) b = 2 i – 4 j – 3 k
→ →
Statement (dFku) II : | a – 2 b |= 86
24. Statement (dFku) I : Let R be a relation over set A = {1, 2, 3} defined as R={(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1)}
then R is an equivalence relation. (eku fy;k fd R leqPp; A = {1, 2, 3} ij ,d lEcUèk gS tgk¡
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1)} rc rqY;rk lEcaèk gS)
Statement (dFku)II : R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive (R LorqY;] lefer ,oa laØkRed lEcUèk gS)
dy dy
25. For the differential equation + py = Q ( vodyu lehdj.k + py = Q ds fy,)
dx dx
Statement (dFku) I : I.F. = e ∫ pdx
Statement (dFku) II : Solution is Ye ∫ pdx = Q e ∫ pdx dx + c (gy gSA)
26. The tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = 25, which parallel to the line 2x – y + 1 = 0 are
(o`Ùk x2 + y2 = 25 ij ljy js[kk 2x – y + 1 = 0 ds lekukarj Li'kZ js[kk gS)
(a) y = 2 x + 4 5 (b) y = 2 x – 4 5 (c) y = 2 x + 5 5 (d) y = 2 x – 5 5
2 –2
27. Let (ekuk fd) A = then (rc)
1 –1
(a) |A| = 0 (b) A–1 exists (A–1 dk vfLrRo gS) (c) A2 = A (d) A2 = I
28. The direction cosines of a line equally inclined with the co-ordinate axes are
(funsZ'kakd v{kksa ds lkFk leku :i ls >qds ljy js[kk dh fnd~ f=kT;k,¡ gSa)
–1 –1 1 1 1 1 1 –1 1 1 –1 –1
(a) , , (b) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Math–[34]
1
I. (g * f)–1 is equal to (g * f)–1 cjkcj gS) (a) 1 –
2
→ →
II. tan–1 (cot θ) = 2θ then θ is equal to (;fn tan–1 (cot θ) = 2θ rks θ =) (b) r = λ i
π/ 4 π/ 4
III. The value of ∫ sin x dx is ( ∫ sin x dx dk eku gksxk) (c) f–1 * g–1
0 0
+π
IV. Vector equation of x axis is (x-v{k dk lfn'k lehdj.k gksxk) (d)
6
dy
30. A differential equation of the form + py = Q where P and Q are functions of x only is called a linear
dx
differential equation in y. Integrating factor of this differential equation is e ∫ pdx and solution is given by
y.e ∫ pdx = ∫ Qe ∫ pdx dx + c.
dy
(vody lehdj.k + py = Q tgk¡ P rFkk Q fliQZ x dk iQyu gS] y esa jSf[kd vodyu lehdj.k dgykrk gSA bl
dx
vody lehdj.k ds fy, lekdyu xq.kkad e ∫ pdx gS rFkk bldk gy y.e ∫ pdx = ∫ Qe ∫ pdx dx + c. }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA)
dy
I. The integrating factor of the differential equation x – y = x 2 is
dx
dy
(vody lehdj.k x – y = x 2 dk lekdyu xq.kkad gSA)
dx
1 1
(a) (b) – (c) –x (d) x
x x
dy y
II. The solution of the differential equaiton – = x is
dx x
dy y
(vody lehdj.k – = x dk gy gSA)
dx x
(a) y = 2x2 + ex (b) y = –x2
(c) y = x3 + ex (d) y = x2 + ex
dy π
– (sec2 x) y = sin x;0 < x < is
III Integrating factor for the differential equation tan x
dx 2
dy π
(vody lehdj.k tan x – (sec2 x) y = sin x;0 < x < ds fy, lekdyu xq.kkad gSA)
dx 2
(a) cot x (b) –tan x
(c) tan x (d) –cot x
Math–[35]
NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrq f u"B)

1. Show that the function f : R → R defined by f(x) = |x| is neither one-one nor onto.
(lkfcr djsa fd iQyu f : R → R tks fd ifjHkkf"kr gS f(x) = |x| u rks ,dSd vkSj u gh vPNknd gSA)
Or, ^vFkok*
1 1 1
a b c = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a)
Prove that
bc ca ab
1 1 1
(lkfcr djsa fd a b c = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a)

bc ca ab
2. A die is thrown. Find the probability of the occurence of a number more than 5. It is known that only odd
number occur.
(,d ikls dh iQsad esa ;fn fo"ke la[;k mij vkrh gS rks mls 5 ls vfèkd vkus dh D;k çkf;drk gSA)
–x
x y
3. Show that + = 1 touches the curve y = be a at the point where the curve crosses the axis of y.
a b
–x
x y
(fn[kkosa fd + = 1 oØ y = be a dks ml fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrh gS tks y-v{k dks dkVrh gSA)
a b
dy
4. xmyn = 1 find
I f
dx
dy
(vxj xmyn = 1 gks rks dk eku fudkysa)
dx
5. Evaluatge ∫ x cos x dx
(eku fudkysa % ∫ x cos x dx )

dy
6. Solve the differential equation = e x+ y + x 2e y
dx
dy
(vody lehdj.k = e x + y + x 2e y dk gy fudkysa)
dx
→ → → → → →
7. If a = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and b = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj – kˆ find the value of ( a + 3 b ) ⋅ (2 a – b ).
→ → → → → →
(;fn a = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ rFkk b = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj – kˆ rks ( a + 3 b ) ⋅ (2 a – b ). dk eku fudkysa\)
x+3 y –6 z x+2 y z–7
8. Find the shortest distance between the lines = = and = =
–4 3 2 –4 1 1
Math–[36]
x+3 y –6 z x+2 y z–7
(nks ljy js[kkvksa = = rFkk = = ds chp dh U;wure nwjh Kkr djsa\)
–4 3 2 –4 1 1
⎡ 3 –1 –2 ⎤
A= ⎢⎢ 2 0 –1⎥⎥
9. Find the inverse of the matrix (Kkr djsa) A, where (tgk¡ )
⎢⎣ 3 –5 0 ⎥⎦
Or ^vFkok
x y –1 z – 2
Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line = =
1 2 3
x y –1 z – 2
(ljy js[kk = = esa fcUnq (1, 6, 3) dk çfrfcEc Kkr djsa\)
1 2 3
10. Solve graphically and find the maximum values of z = 5x + 2y subject to the constraints 2x + 3y ≥ 6; x – 2y ≤
2; 6x + 4y ≤ 24; x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(vfèkdre eku Kkr djsa z = 5x + 2y tcfd 2x + 3y ≥ 6; x – 2y ≤ 2; 6x + 4y ≤ 24; x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0)
dy 1 – y2
11. If x 1 – y 2 + y 1 – x 2 = 1 Prove that =–
dx 1 – x2
dy 1 – y2
(;fn x 1 – y 2 + y 1 – x 2 = 1 rks lkfcr djsa fd =–
2
)
dx 1– x
Or, ^vFkok*
dy sin 2 (a + y )
If (vxj) sin y = a sin (a + y), Prove that (rks lkfcr djsa fd) =
dx sin a
dx a
12. Evaluate ∫ a + b cos x . Find the area of the smaller part of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 cut of by the line x=
2
dx a
(eku fudkysa ∫ a + b cos x ljy js[kk x=
2
}kjk o`Ùk x2 + y2 = a2 ij dkVs x, y?kqrj [k.M dk {ksñ fudkysaA)
Or, ^vFkok*
π/ 2
sin x π
Prove that (lkfcr djsa fd) ∫ sin x + cos x
dx =
4
0

Math–[37]
SECTION ([k.M)–I

1. The area bounded by parabola y2 = 4ax and its latus recturn is
(ijoy; y2 = 4ax vkSj mlds vfHkyEc ls f?kjs {ks=k dk {ks=kiQy gksxk)
8a 2 4a 2
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units
3 3
2a 2
(c) sq. units (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
3
dy
2. 1 – x 2 + 1 – y 2 = a( x – y ) then is equal to
dx
dy
(;fn 1 – x 2 + 1 – y 2 = a ( x – y ) rc dk eku gksxk)
dx
⎛ 1 – x2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 – y2 ⎞ 1 – x2 1 – y2
(a) ⎜⎜ 2⎟
⎟ (b) ⎜⎜ 2⎟
⎟ (c) (d)
⎝1– y ⎠ ⎝1– x ⎠ 1 – y2 1 – x2
3. If a relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive then the relation is
(vxj ,d lacaèk R, LorqY;] lefer rFkk laØked gks rks] lEcUèk dgykrk gS)
(a) Binary (f}&vkèkkjh) (b) Conuugate (la;Xq e)
(c) Equivalence (rqY;rk) (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
–2
4. Slope of normal to the curve x3 = 8a2y, a > 0 at the point in the first quadrant is , then the point is
3
–2
(oØ x3 = 8a2y, a > 0 ds fdlh fcUnq ds vfHkyEc dh çFke in esa ço.krk , gS rks og fcanq gksxk)
3
(a) (a, 2a) (b) (a, a) (c) (2a, –a) (d) (2a, a)
5. Let A = {1, 2, 3} then number of equivalence relations containing (1, 2) is
(;fn A = {1, 2, 3} gks rks vo;o (1, 2) okys rqY;rk lacaèkksa dh la[;k gSA)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2
Math–[38]
π
6. The maximum value of sinx + cosx, 0 < x < is
2
π
(sinx + cosx dk 0 < x < varjky esa egÙke eku gksxk)
2
3
(a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
1 ⎛1⎞ 1 ⎛1⎞
7. If f ( x) = x – then f ⎜ ⎟ is (;fn f ( x) = x – rks f ⎜ ⎟ gksxk)
2 ⎝ x⎠ 2 ⎝ x⎠
(a) 0 (b) f(x) (c) –f(x) (d) none
∫ tan x dx is equal to ( ∫ tan 2 x dx

2
8. cjkcj gksxk)
(a) xtanx + c (b) x tanx + x + c (c) tanx + x + c (d) tanx – x + c
9. If f : R → R is defined by f(x) = x – 3x + 2, then the value of f(2) is
2
(;fn f : R → R tgk¡ f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2 }kjk ifjHkkf"kr gks rks f(2) dk eku gksxk)
(a) 0 (b) –4 (c) 2 (d) 4
dy d2y
10. If a and b are the order and degree of the differential equation y + x3 + sy = cos x, then
dx dx 2
dy d2y
(;fn a rFkk b vodyu lehdj.k y + x3 + sy = cos x, dk dksfV rFkk ?kkr gks rks)
dx dx 2
(a) a > b (b) a = b
(c) a < b (d) None (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
11. If f : R → R such that f(x) = x then what type of a function is f ?
2
(;fn f : R → R tgk¡ f(x) = x2 rks f dSlk iQyu gS\

(a) bijective (,dSd)
(b) neither injective nor surjective (u ,dSd vkSj u vkPNknh)
(c) injective, not surjective (,dSd] vkPNknh ugha) (d) surjective, not injective (,dSd vkPNknh)
12. The value of iˆ ⋅ ( ˆj × kˆ) + ˆj ⋅ (iˆ × kˆ) + kˆ ⋅ (iˆ × ˆj ) is (dk eku gS)
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) –1
1
13. The binary operation * is defined on the set R of real numbers is a * b = (a + b). Which of the following laws
2
do not hold for this operations ?
1
(okLrfod la[;kvksa ds leqPp; R esa f}pj lafØ;k * bl çdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd a * b = (a + b). bl lafØ;k ds fy,
2
dkSu lk fu;e vlR; gS\)
(a) associative law (lkgp;Z fu;e)
(b) closure law (laojd fu;e)
(c) commutative (Øefofues; fu;e)
(d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
Math–[39]
14. The direction cosines of a line equally inclined with the coordinate axes are
(funsZ'kkad v{kksa ds lkFk leku :i ls >qds ljy js[kk dh fnd~ dksT;k,¡ gSA)
1 1 1 1 –1 –1 1 –1 1 –1 –1 1
(a) , , (b ) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
15. The value of the determinsnt having two rows (or columns) identical is
(fdlh lkjf.kd] ftldh dksbZ nks iafDr;k¡ (;k LrEHk) leku gS] dk eku gksrk gS)
(a) 0 (b) –1
(c) 1 (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha
16. A and B are two independent events then P(A Ç B) is equal to
(A vkSj B nks Lora=k ?kVuk,¡ gS rks P(A Ç B) is equal to
⎛B⎞
(a) P(A)P ⎜ ⎟ (b) P(A + B) (c) 0 (d) P(A).P(B)
⎝A⎠
1 w w2
17. The value of (lkjf.kd) w w2 1 is equal to (dk dku gksxk)
w2 1 w
(a) w (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
18. Distance between the two planes 2x + 3y + 4z = 4 and 4x + 6y + 8z = 12 is
(leryksa 2x + 3y + 4z = 4 vkSj 4x + 6y + 8z = 12 ds chp dh nwjh gS)
2 2
(a) 8 units (8 bZdkbZ) (b) units ( bZdkbZ)
29 29
(c) 2 units (2 bZdkbZ) (d) 4 units (4 bZdkbZ)
19. Let A be a square matrix of order 3 × 3, then |kA| is equal to
(;fn A ,d 3 × 3 dksfV dk oxZ vkO;wg gS rks |kA| dk eku gksxk)
(a) k 3 |A| (b) 3k |A| (c) k |A| (d) k 2 |A|
20. The maximum value of z = 4x + 2y subjected to the constraints 2x + 3y ≤ 18, x + y ≥ 10 x, y ≤ 0 is
(vfèkdre eku z = 4x + 2y çfrcUèk 2x + 3y ≤ 18, x + y ≥ 10 x, y ≤ 0 ds vUrxZr gSA)
(a) 30 (b) 40 (c) 36 (d) None (dksbZ ugha)
21. Statement (dFku) I : If A be the set of all lines in the plane then the relation parallel is an equivalence relation.
(lery ds ljy js[kkvksa ds leqPp; A esa lacaèk 'II' rqY;rk lacaèk gSA)
Statement (dFku) II : Relation parallel is not transitive.(lacaèk 'II' laØed ugha gSA)
Math–[40]
22. Statement (dFku) I : Let (ekuk) A = R – {3} and (rFkk) B = R – {1}. Consider the function (iQyu ) f : A →
x–2
B defined by ( tks ls ifjHkkf"kr gS) f ( x) = then f(x) is rc f ,dSd&,dSd gSA
x–3
Statement (dFku) II : f(x) is onto.(vkPNknd gSA)
1
∫x
3
23. Statement (dFku) I : dx = 0
–1
a
Statement (dFku) II : ∫ f (a )dx = 0 where f(x) is an odd function. (tcfd f(x) ,d fo"ke iQyu gSA)
–a
→ → → → → → → →
24. Statement (dFku) I : Vector (lfn'k ) a = 2 i – 3 j + k and (rFkk) b = 5 i + 2 j – 4 k are perpendicular to
each other. (ijLij yEc gSA)
→ →
Statement (dFku) II : a ⋅ b = 0
1 1 1
25. Statement (dFku) I : Let P(A ∩ B) = , P(A) = , P(B) = then evemts A and B are independent
4 2 2
1 1 1
(ekuk fd P(A ∩ B) =
, P(A) = , P(B) = rc A vkSj B Lora=k gSA)
4 2 2
Statement (dFku) II : P(A ∩ B) ≠ P(A) P(B)
2
dy ⎛ dy ⎞
26. For differential equation y = x + a 1+ ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ dx ⎠
2
dy ⎛ dy ⎞
(vodyu lehdj.k y = x + a 1+ ⎜ ⎟ ds fy,)
dx ⎝ dx ⎠
(a) degree is 1 (?kkr 1 gS) (b) degree is 2 (?kkr 2 gS)
(c) order is 2 (dksfV 2 gS) (d) order is 1 (dksfV 1 gS)
⎡ 2 –2 ⎤
27. Let (ekuk fd) A = ⎢ ⎥ then (rc)
⎣ 1 –1⎦
(a) |A| = 0 (b) A–1 exist (A–1 dk vfLrRo gS)
2
(c) A = A (d) A2 = I (unit matrix) (A2 = I bZdkbZ vkO;wg)
28. If z is the set of integers a relation R is defined by xRy Þ (x – y) = odd number then R is :
(;fn iw.kk±dksa dk leqPp; z ij xRy Þ (x – y) = ,d fo"ke iw.kk±d }kjk ifjHkkf"kr ,d lacaèk gS] rks R gS
(a) Not transitive (laØked ugha) (b) equivalence relation (rqY;rk lacaèk gS)
(c) symmetry (lefefr) (d) reflexive (LorqY;)
Math–[41]
1
I. The range of the function f ( x) = is (a) 0
2 – cos3 x
1
(iQyu f ( x) = dk ijkl gS)
2 – cos3 x
π
2 π
II. ∫ log tan x dx (b)
2
0
⎡1 ⎤
III. sin–1x + cos–1x (c) ⎢ , 1⎥
⎣3 ⎦
IV. The maximum value of f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 15 (d) 19
(f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 15 dk egÙke eku gksxk)
dy
30. A differential equation of the form + py = Q where P and Q are functions of x only is called a linear
dx
differential equation is y. Integrating factor of this differential equation is e ∫ pdx and solution of the differential
dy
equation is given by ye ∫ pdx = ∫ Qe ∫ pdx dx + c (vodyu lehdj.k + py = Q tgk¡ P rFkk Q fliQZ x dk iQyu
dx
gS] y esa jSf[kd vodyu lehdj.k dgykrk gSA bl vodyu lehdj.k ds fy, lekdyu xq.kkad e ∫ pdx gS rFkk bldk gy
ye ∫ pdx = ∫ Qe ∫ pdx dx + c }kjk fn;k tkrk gS)
dy
I. The integrating factor of the differential equation x + y = tan x is
dx
dy
(vodyu lehdj.k x + y = tan x dk lekdyu xq.kkad gSA)
dx
(a) x3 (b) 2x (c) x2 (d) e x2

2 dy
II. The solution of the differential equation cos x + y = tan x is
dx
dy
(vodyu lehdj.k cos2 x + y = tan x dk gy gSA)
dx
(a) y = tanx + ce–tan x (b) y = (tanx + 1) + cetanx
(c) y = (tanx – 1) + ce tanx (d) y = (tanx – 1) + ce–tanx
Math–[42]
dy π
III. The solution of the differential equation + 2 y tan x = sin x, y = 0 at x =
dx 3
dy π
(vodyu lehdj.k + 2 y tan x = sin x, y = 0, x = dk gy gSA)
dx 3
(a) y = cosx – 2 cos2x (b) y = cosx + 2cos2x
(c) y = cosx + cos2x (d) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)

1+ a 1 1
⎛ 1 1 1⎞
1 1+ b 1 = abc ⎜1 + + + ⎟
1. Prove that (fn[kk;sa fd) ⎝ a b c⎠
1 1 1+ c
Or, ^vFkok*
⎡a b ⎤
If vxj A = ⎢ ⎥ such that (bl çdkj) ad – bc ≠ 0 then find A–1. (Kkr djsAa )
⎣c d ⎦
2. Discuss the continuity of the function f given by f(x) = x3 + x2 + 1
(fn;s x, iQyu f, f(x) = x3 + x2 + 1 dk lkarR; fuèkkZj.k djsaA)
Or ^vFkok*
Consider (eku yhft,) f : N → N, g : N → N and h : N → R defined by (ifjHkkf"kr gS) f(x) = 2x
g (y) = 3y + 4 and (vkSj) h(z) = sinz ∀ , x,y,z, in N. Show that (fn[kk,¡ fd)(hog)of = ho(gof).
sin(log x)
3. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 2x in the interal [0, 2] or ∫x
dx
sin(log x)
(varjky [0, 2] esa jkSyst çes; dh lR;rk tk¡ps] ;fn f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 2x, or ∫ dx )
x
{
4
2 x + 8; 1 ≤ x≤ 2
4. Evaluate (eku fudkysa) ∫ f ( x)dx where (tgk¡) f ( x ) = 6 x;2 ≤ x≤ 4
1
1 θ
5. If â and b̂ are unit vectors and θ is the angle between them, prove that | aˆ – bˆ |= sin
2 2
1 θ
(;fn â vkSj b̂ dks ,dkad lfn'k gS vkSj θ muds eè; dk dks.k gks rks fl¼ djsa | aˆ – bˆ |= sin )
2 2
6. Prove that the lines x = ay + b, z = cy + d and x = a ' y + b ' , z = c ' y + d ' are perpendition if a a ' + b b ' = –1.
(fn[kk;sa fd js[kk;sa x = ay + b, z = cy + d rFkk x = a ' y + b ' , z = c ' + d ' yEcor gS ;fn a a ' + b b ' = –1)
Math–[43]
7. Define independent events and prove that if A and B are independent events, then P(A ∪ B) = 1 – P(A') P(B')
(Lora=k ?kVuk dh ifjHkk"kk nsa ,oa fl¼ djsa fd ;fn A vkSj B Lora=k ?kVuk,¡ gks rks P(A ∪ B) = 1 – P(A') P(B'))
–1 ⎛ 2 x ⎞
⎛ 1 + x2 ⎞ dy ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎛ 1 + x 2 ⎞ dy
8. If y = sin ⎜ ⎟ + sec –1 ⎜ ⎟ find y = sin –1 ⎜ ⎟ + sec –1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 + x2 ⎠ ⎜ 2⎟ dx
(;fn
⎝ 1 + x2 ⎠ ⎜ 1 – x 2 ⎟ dx çkIr djsa)
⎝1– x ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
9. A manufacturing company makes two models A and B of a product. Each piece of model A requires 9 labour
hours for fabricating and 1 labour hour for finishing. Each piece of model B requires 12 labour hours for
fabricating and 3 labour hours for finishing for fabricating. The maximum labour hours available are 180 and 30
respectively. The company makes a profit of Rs. 8000 on each piece of model and Rs. 12000 on each piece of
model B. How many piece of model A and model B should be manufactured per week to get a maximum profit
and what is the maximum profit per week ?
(,d fuekZ.kdÙkkZ daiuh ,d mRikn ds nks uewus (çfreku) A rFkk B cukrh gSA uewuk A ds çR;sd ux cukus ds fy,
9 Je ?kaVs vkSj 1 ?kaVk ikWfy'k djus ds fy, yxrk gS tcfd uewuk B ds çR;sd ux cukus esa 12 Je ?kaVs rFkk ikWfy'k djus
esa 3 Je ?kaVksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA cukus rFkk ikWfy'k djus ds fy, miyCèk vfèkdre Je ?kaVs Øe'k% 180 rFkk 30
?kaVs gSA daiuh uewuk A ds çR;sd ux ij 8000 #i;s rFkk uewuk B ds çR;sd ux ij 12000 #is; dk ykHk dekrh gSA uewuk
A vkSj uewuk B ds fdrus uxksa dk vfèkdre ykHk dekus ds fy, çfr lIrkg fuekZ.k djuk pkfg,\ çfr lIrkg vfèkdre
ykHk D;k gS \
1– x
10. ∫ 1+ x
dx
Or, ^vFkok*
π
2
Evaluate (eku fudkysa) ∫ log sin x dx
0
11. Find the area bounded by the curve y = cos x between x = 0 and x = 2π
(x = 0 ,oa x = ;k ds eè; oØ y = cos x ls f?kjs {ks=k dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsAa )
1 1 1 1
12. Prove that if a plane has intercepts a, b, c and is a distance p units from the origin, then + + =
2 2 2
a b c p2
1 1 1 1
(;fn ,d lery ds var%[kaM a, b, c gS vkSj bldh ewy fcanq ls nwjh p bZdkbZ gS rks fl¼ djsa fd + + =
2 2 2
a b c p2
Or, ^vFkok*
A die is thrown 6 times if getting an odd number is a success. What is the probability of at least 5 success.
(,d iklk dks 6 ckj mNkyk x;kA ;fn fo"ke la[;k dk vkuk liQyrk gS rks U;wure 5 liQyrk çkIr gksus dh çkf;drk Kkr
djsaA)

Math–[44]
MODEL PAPER
d{kk– XII
HkkS f rdh (PHYSICS)
lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z gSa A (All Questions are compulsory)
xyr mÙkj ds fy, fdlh rjg dh dVkSrh ugha gksxhA (There is No negative marking for any wrong answer.)
iz'u&i=k nks [k.Mksa esa gS A (Questions are in two sections)

oLrq f u"B iz ' u (Objective)
xS j &oLrq f u"B iz ' u (Non-Objective)
gh mÙkj nsa A
(a) (b) (Q) (d)
Ph-[ 1 ]
ijh{kk 2010
PEN ONLY.
A C D A C D
A C D A C D
2. Date of Exam / ijh{kk dh frfFk
3. Subject / fo"k;
4. Name of the Exam Centre / ijh{kk dsUæ dk uke
5. Full Signature of Candidate / ijh{kkFkhZ dk iw.kZ gLrk{kj
6. Invigilator's Signature / fujh{kd dk gLrk{kj
27. A B C D
1. A B C D 14. A B C D 28. A B C D
2. A B C D 15. A B C D 29 I. A B C D
6. A B C D 19. A B C D 30 I. A B C D
9. A B C D 22. A B C D
10. A B C D 23. A B C D
11. A B C D 24. A B C D
12. A B C D 25. A B C D
13. A B C D 26. A B C D
Ph-[ 2 ]
MODEL SET ( iz k :i i=k ) –I
SECTION([k.M) –I

correct answer.
1. ÝyDl dk S.I. ek=kd gksrk gS A (S.I.unit of flun is)
(A) vkse (Ohm) (B) osoj (Weber) (C) Vslyk (Tesla) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
2. pqEcd dh T;kferh; yEckbZ (Lg) rFkk pqEcdh; yEckbZ (Lm) esa laca/ gksrk gSµ
The relation between geometric lenth (Lg) and magnetic lenth (Lm) is–
5 6
(A) Lm = Lg (B) Lm = Lg (C) L m = L g (D) L m = 2 L g
6 5
3 4
3. ikuh rFkk lhlk dk viorZukad Øe'k% rFkk gSA lhlk ls ikuh tkrh gqbZ ,d izdk'k fdj.k ds fy, Økafrd dks.kA
2 3
3 4
Reflactic index of glasses and water are and respectively for say of light going to water for glan, the
2 3
critical only will be
⎛8⎞ ⎛9⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛2⎞
(A) sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ −1
(B) sin ⎜ ⎟
−1
(C) sin ⎜ ⎟
−1
(D) sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝9⎠ ⎝8⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝3⎠
4. vk;ke ekMqyslku lwpukadµ (The modulation Index in amplitude modulation is–)
(A) lnk 'kwU; gksrk gS (Always zero) (B) ds chp gksrk gS (Between 0 & 1)
(C) 1 rFkk ∞ ds chp gksrk gS (Between 1 & ∞ ) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (None of these)
5. fdl dkj.k ls ikuh ds vanj vofLFkr gy dk cqycqyk pedrk utj vkrk gS \ (Air bulbla inside water shines due to?)
(A) viorZu ls (Reflaction) (B) ijkorZu ls (Reflution)
(C) iw.kZ vkarfjd ijkorZu ls (T.I.R.) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (None of these)
6. ,d ijkoS|rq lekUrj lapkfj=k ds IysVksa ds chp Mky nsu ij /kfjrk dk eku %
When a dielectric in introduced into the gap of a parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance of the capacitor :
(A) ?kVrk gS (Decreases) (B) c<+rk gS (Increases)
(C) leku jgrk gS (Remains same) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (None of these)
Ph-[ 3 ]
7. ;ax ds fNnz iz;ksx esa fLyV dh pkSM+kbZ 1 mm rFkk fLyV ls insZ dh nwjh 1 m gSA ;fn izdk'k dh rjax yEckbZ 6000Å gks rks
fÚat dh pkSM+kbZ gksxh % (In a double-sit experiment the distance between the slits is 1 mm and the distance of the
screen from the slit is 1 m. If light of wavelength 6000Å is used, then the fringe width ( β ) is– )
(A) 0.4 nm (B) 0.5 nm (C) 0.6 nm (D) 0.8 nm
8. ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks=k esa ,d vkfo"V d.k ds iFk dh f=kT;k lhps lekuqikrh gS % (The radius of curvature of the path
of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field is directly proportional to the–)
(A) vkos'k ds (Charge on the particle) (B) laosx ds (Momentum of the particle)
(C) ÅtkZ ds (Energy of the particle) (D) {ks=k dh rhozrk ds (Strength of the field)
9. UHF vko`fÙk ds rjax izk;% fuEu fof/ ls lapfjr gksrs gSa % (Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by
means of–)
(A) xzkm.M rjax (Ground waves) (B) vkdk'k rjax (Sky waves)
(C) lrg rjax (Surface waves) (D) Lis'k rjax (Space waves)
10. fn;k x;k ladsr fu#fir djrk gS % GAGE. (The given symbol represents the GATE. )
(A) AND (B) OR (C) NAND (D) NOR

statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : P. N. taD'ku Mk;ksM VªkaftLVj dh Hkk¡fr dk;Z djrk gSA
dFku&II : P. N. taD'ku Mk;ksM vxzvfHkufr esa dk;Z djrk gS i'p esa ughaA
Statement-I : A P. N. Junction diode acts as a natural transister.
Statement-II : P. N. Juction diode operates in the forward bias and does not operate in the reverse bias.
12. dFku&I : iSQjkMs ds fo|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k ds fu;ekuqlkj] pqEcdh; ÝyDl ifjorZu dh Í.kkRed nj oS|qrokgd cy ds
rqY; gSA
dFku&II : ysat fu;e ls Í.k fpÉ dh O;k[;k ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds vk/kj ij gksrh gSA
Statement-I : According to faraday's electromagnetic induction, the negative rate of change of magnetic flux is
equal to the induced emf.
Statement-II : Lenz's explains the negative sign on the basis of conservation of energy.
13. dFku&I : tc Hkkjh ukfHkd fo[kaMu ;k gYds ukfHkd lay;u gksrk gS rks ÅtkZ mRiUu gksrh gSA
dFku&II : Hkkjh ukfHkd dh ca/u ÅtkZ izfr U;wfYdvkWu Z ds lkFk c<+rh gS tcfd gYds ukfHkdksa dh ?kVrh gSA
Statement-I : Energy is released when heavy nuclei undergo fission or light nuclei undergo fusion.
Statement-II : For heavy nuclei, binding energy per nucleon increases with Z while for light nuclei it decreases
with increasing Z
Ph-[ 4 ]
14. dFku&I : tc 'osr izdk'k Xykl fizTe ls xqtjrk gS rks ?kVd jaxksa esa VwV tkrk gSA
dFku&II : ifj{ksi.k dk dkj.k vioÙkZukad dk rjaxnS?;Z ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
Statement-I : When a beam of white light passes through a glass, the light splits into constitutent colours.
Statement-II : The dispersion of light takes place because the refractive index of a medium depends on the
wavelength of light.
15. dFku&I : ;fn x pqEcdh; izo`fÙk rFkk T fujis{k rki gks rks x ~ T xzkiQ izfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ ds fy, T v{k ds lekUrj ljy
js[kk gksxhA
dFku&II : izfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ D;wjh fu;e dk ikyu djrs gSa A
Statement-I : If x is suseptibility and T is absolute temperature, the x-T graph of a diatomic substance is a
straight line parallel to T-axis.
Statement-II : Diamagnetic materials follow curie law.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. s u dh ijek.kq f=kT;k % (Radius of Hyderogen atom.)
gkbMªkt
(A) Z ds lekuqikrh gS ( ∝ Z) (B) n2 ds lekuqikrh gS ( ∝ n2)
(C) Z ds O;qRØekuqikrh gS ( ∝ Z–1) (D) n ds lekuqikrh gS ( ∝ n)
18. 15 cm iQksdl nwjh ds ,d vory niZ.k ls fdruh nwjh ij oLrq j[kus ij rhu xquk fo'kkfyr izfrfcEc curk gS \
The distance of object from concave mirror of focal lyth 15 cm. so that image is there times magnified.
(A) 7.5 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 17.5 cm (D) 20 cm.
17. pksd dq.Myh ,d izsj.k dq.Myh gS ftldk % (Choke coil is an inducter of)
(A) izfr?kkr mPp gS (High reactance) (B) izfr?kkr fuEu gS (Low induction)
(C) izfrjks/ mPp gS (High resistance) (D) izfrjks/ fuEu gS (Low resistance)
dkWy e (Column)–I dkWy e (Column)–II

19. okLrfod oLrq dh dkYifud izfrfcEc (A) rjax izd`fr oLrq ds vkdkj dk rjaxnS?;Z
(Virtual imge of real object) Wave, wavelength of the size of the object
20. iw.kZ vkarfjd ijkorZu (Total internal reflection) (B) vkdk'k dk uhyk jax (Blue colour of sky)
21. izdh.kZu (Scatting) (C) izdk'k rUrq (Optical Fibre)
22. foorZu (Diffraction) (D) mÙky niZ.k (Convex Mirrore)
12 V dh ,d vkn'kZ cSVjh dh Js.kh R1 = 2Ω ,oa R2 = 4Ω ds nks cYc tqM+s gq, gSa rks %
23. ifjiFk esa fo|qr /kjk gS % (The current in the circuit is)
(A) 2A (B) 2.5 A (C) 3 A (D) 3.5 An
Ph-[ 5 ]
24. cYc R2 ds fy, foHkokUrj gS % (The potential difference across the both with R2 = 4Ω is.)
(A) 2V (B) 4 V (C) 6 V (D) 8 V
25. izR;sd cYc esa 'kfDr {k; gS % (The power dissipation in each bulb is :)
(A) 4 W, 6 W (B) 4W, 8 W
(C) 8W, 16 W (D) 8W, 12 W


1. oSdqvk taDlu D;k gS \

What is Vacus Junction ?
2. czwLVj dks.k dh ifjHkk"kk fy[ksa rFkk czqLVj dks.k ,oa viorZukad ds chp laca/ fy[ksa A
Define Brewster's angle and write down the relationship between Brewster's angle and refractive index.
3. fn[kk,¡ fd ,d fo;qDr xksyh; pkyd dh /kfjrk mldh f=kT;k ds lekuqikrh gSaA
Show that the capacitance of an isolated charged spherical conductor is directly proportional to its radius.
4. fdl ;a=k dh enn ls izdk'k dk /zoqhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA ,d lapkfjr izdk'k dh rhozrk ,d /zqod o ,ukykbtj ds chp
ds dk.k ls dSls lacaf/r gSaA bls xzkiQ ds ekè;e ls fn[kk,¡ A
Name the device for producing polarised light. How does the intensity of transmitted light depend uopn the
angle between the polariser and the analyser ? Show it graphically.
5. fn[kk,¡ x, ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks=k esa ifjHkze.k djrs vkosf"kr d.k ds lk;DyksVªhu vko`fÙk mlds nzO;eku ds O;qØekuqikrh
gksrh gSA
Show that the cyclotron frequency is inversely proportional to the mass of the orbiting charge in a uniform
magnetic field.
6. lksfM;e dk dk;ZiQyu 2.3 eV gSA D;k ;g 680 nm ds izdk'k ds fy, izdk'kfo|qr izHkko iznf'kZr djsxk \
The work function of sodium is 2.3 eV. Does sodium show photoelectric effect for light of wavelength 680 nm?
7. ,d 8Ω ds izfrjks/ okys rkj dks eè; ls 1800 eksM+ fn;k tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa Hkkx dks ,d lkFk ,saB fn;k tkrk
gSA vc bl u;s vkd`fr ds rkj ds izfrjks/ dh x.kuk djsaA
A 8 Ω resistance wire is bent at the middle by 1800. Both the halves are twisted together. what is the new
resistance?
8. bysDVªkWu ekbØksLdksi izdk'kh; ekbØksLdksi ls csgrj gSA ,d eq[; dkj.k nsa A
Electron microscope is considered better instrument than optical microscope. Give one single reason.
Ph-[ 6 ]
9. pqEcdh; {ks=k ls mnklhu fcUnq ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \
What do you mean by neutral point ?
10. O;frdj.k ,oa foorZu esa varj Li"V djsa A
What are the point of differences in inpreference and diffraction of light ?
11. ,d vkn'kZ ifjufydk dk LoizsjdRo izkIr djsa A
Obtain an expression for the chapacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.

12- ifjiFk&fp=k.k ds ekè;e ls P-N laf/ ds

(i) vxz vfHkufr 1½+1½+1+1=5 mark
(ii) i'p vfHkufr dks le>k;saA rFkk vfHky{k.k oØ [khaps ifjiFk fp=k.k ds lgkjs P-N laf/ dk iz;ksx ,d fn"Vdkjh ds
:i esa Li"V djsaA
Or, vFkok
mQtkZ&iV~Vh D;k gS\ blds vk/kj ij pkyd] v¼Zpkyd o dqy pkyd esa varj djsaA fdlh v¼Zpkyd ds izfrjks/ rkieku
esa ifjorZu ds lkFk fdl rjg cnyrk gS] le>k,¡A 1+3+1=5 mark
Explain : (i) Forward biasing (ii) reverse biasing of a p-n junction diode and draw characteristic curve. With
the help of a circuit
diagram, explain the use of this device as a rectifier.
Or, vFkok
oksj ds ijek.kq lajpuk ds vfHkx`grksa dks le>k;sa rFkk fdlh d{kk esa ?kqeus okys bysDVªkWu ds mQtkZ dh x.kuk
djsa \ dqy mQtkZ ds ½.kkRed gksus dk vfHkizk; Li"V djsaA
State Bohr’s postulates for an atom? Calculate energy of moving electron for nth orbit? What is the significance
of negative energy? 2+2+1=5 mark
13. fNnz iz;ksx esa dks.kh; fÚat pkSM+kbZ dk O;atd izkIr djsa A 5 mark
Or, vFkok
1 ⎛1 1 ⎞
ysalesdj lw=k f = ( n − 1) ⎜ R − R ⎟ LFkkfir djsa % (tgk¡ ladsrksa ds vFkZ lkekU; gSa A) 5 mark
⎝ 1 2 ⎠
Derive an expression for angular fringe width in Young double-stet experiment.

Or, vFkok
1 ⎛1 1 ⎞
Establish Lense Maker's formula = ( n − 1) ⎜ − ⎟
f ⎝ R1 R2 ⎠
(Where n is the refractive index of the material of the lens, R1 is the radius of curvature facing the object and
R2 that of the other surface.)
Ph-[ 7 ]
14. foHkokUrjksa V1 ,oa V2 rd vfo"V la?kkfj=kksa] ftudh /kfjrk,¡ C1 ,oa C2 gS] ds lekUrj la;kstu ls O;; ÅtkZ dk O;atd
izkIr djsa A 5 mark
Or, vFkok
L-R ifjiFk esa fn[kk,¡ fd /kjk pjokrkadh :i ls c<+rh gSA
Find the loss of electrical potential energy when two charged capacitors are connected in parallel. 3 mark
Or, vFkok
In a L-R circuit, show that current grows exponentially.
15. ,d oS|qr f}/qzo ds dkj.k fuj{kh; fcUnq (fo"kqor~ fcUnq) ij oS|qr {ks=k dh rhozrk dk O;atd izkIr djsa A 5 mark
Or, vFkok
,d izR;korhZ /kjk ds fy, oxZ ekè; ewy /kjk f'k[kj /kjk ,oa rF;fud /kjk dks le>k,¡ rFkk muds chp laca/ LFkkfir djsaA
Find an expression for electric field intensity at an equatorial point of an electric dipole.
Or, vFkok
Define instructions, rms and peak value of a.c. and also establish relation between them. 5 mark
ANSWERS (mÙkj) )
SECTION ([k.M)µI :OBJECTIVE (oLrq f u"B ç'u )
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c)
16. (b) 17. (a, c) 18. (b, d) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (c)
Ph-[ 8 ]

1. bl ;qfDr ls A. C. rFkk D. C. nksuksa dh eki dh tk ldrh gSA blesa eq[; :i ls
contant dk rkj MN gksrk gS] ftlds fcUnq C ij Vsyqfj;e µ foler ls fufeZr Fkeksd
Z iqy ds lkFk
laf/ gksrh gSA ;g iwjh O;k[;k lhls ds ,d fuoZfrr xksys ea ca/h jgrh gSA
Z iqy ds Js.khØe esa xSYosuksehVj (G) tqM+k jgrk gSA tc rkj ls /kjk izokfgr gksrh gS
Fkeksd
rks fcUnq C Hkh xeZ gks tkrk gSA rki oS|qr&;qXe dh laf/;ksa ds chp rkikUrj gksus ds dkj.k See
back effect ls ifjiFk esa fo|qr&/kjk mRiUu gksrh gS] ftls xSYouksehVj ds fo{ksi ls ns[kk tk
ldrk gSA
This device measure A.C. and D.C. both. It consists of a wire MN of constant
at with a thermocouple junctions of Tellarium – Bismuth at C. This entire arrangement
is enclosed in an evacuatial sphere. 1 mark
A galvanometer is allowed to flow though wire the point C luomer hot. Due to
genested temparature difference current flows in the circuit as on seaback effect. Which is exhibited by diflection in
the galvanometer. 1 mark
2. czw L Vj dks .k % v/zqfor izdk'k fdj.k dk lery ij og vkiru dks.k ftlds fy, vofrZr fdj.k ,oa ijkofrZr fdj.ksa ijLij
yEc ls czwLVj dks.k dgykrk gSA 1 mark
fp=k esa ;g dks.k θ p gSA
sin θ p
fp=k ls] viorZukad µ = ⇒ µ = tan θ p
(
sin Π − θ p
2
)
;g lEcU/ czwLVj&fu;e dgykrk gSA 1 mark
Brewster's angle ( ip ) is defined as the ancidence angle at
which the reflectd ray and refracted ray are perpendicular to
each other, as show in the fig. i.e.
3- fo;qDr xksyh; pkyd ij vkos'k Q nsus ij foHko V gksxk A
The potential of an isolated capacitor having changes Q is).
Q
The capacitance of it is pkyd ds /kfjrk V= 1 mark
4Π ∈ G.R
Q Q
C= = = 4Π ∈0 R ⇒CαR 1 mark
V ⎛ Q ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4Π G.R ⎠
4. Calcite Prism or Nicol Prism : 1 mark
According to Malus law, when a completely plane polarised light is incident
Io
on an anlyser, the intensity I of the transmited light is proportional to the square of
I
cosine of the angle θ between the planes of transmission of analyser and polariser..
So. I = Io Cos2 θ Io represents maximum intensity of the transmitted light.
figure shows the variation of intensity (I) with θ θ
Graph 1 mark
Ph-[ 9 ]
2π r 2π r 2π m
5. The period (vr% vkorZdky) T = = = 1 mark
V V qB
1 qB
vko`fÙk (Frequency) ν= =
T 2π m
1 1
vr% vko`fÙk α Hence frequency is α 1 mark
m m
A charge q as projected with speed v and is perpendicular to the megnatic field B, as shown in the fig.
Since the magnetic does no work, hence the speed will not change. Force experenced by the speeding change
is F = q ∪ B . Which acts perpendicular to both v and B. This force will more the particle along a circle of radius r
(say).
tc fdlh vkos'k q dks v pky ls pqEcdh; {ks=k B ds yEcor~ isQdk tkrk gS] rks vkos'k dh pky ugha cnyrh gS tcfd mlij
cy F = q v B ykHk gSA ;g cy
Thus, v rFkk B nksuksa ds yEcor~ gksrk gS] vr% vkos'k o`rh; xfr djus yxrh gS] rFkk
mν 2 mν
qvB= ⇒ r= 1 mark
r qB
hc 1242
6. λ 0 , nsgyh rjaxnSè;Z (there hold) = = nm = 540 nm 1 mark
φ 2.3
Given wavelenth of incident radiation.
nh xbZ rjax yEckbZ = 680 nm.
vr% izdk'k fo|qr izHkko yf{kr ugha gksxkA (Hence no photo dictic effect will be observed) 1 mark
ρl
7. R = , When ρ = Resitivity; l= length; A= Cross-section 1 mark
A
In given question the length is halved and cross-sctional area is doubled. (fn;k x;k gS fd pkyd dh yEckbZ vkèkh
dh tkrh gS rFkk vuqizLFk dkV dk {ks=kiQy nqxquk gSA) 1 mark
l/2 1 l 1
∴ R1 = ρ = * ρ = *8Ω = 2Ω
2A 4 A 4
8. pw¡fd bysDVªkWu ekbØksLdksi dh fØ;k cksyh rjax ij vk/kfjr gSA 1 mark
bysDVªkWu dh rjax yEckbZ dh vko';drkuqlkj lek;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gS tcfd izdkf'kd lw{en'khZ fuf'pr rjaxnSè;Z
ij gh dke djrk gS A 1 mark
Because of the fact the the working of electron microscope is based on de Broglie wave, which implies the
wavelangth can be adjusted according to the need, where as optical microscope works on fixed wavelength.
9. ftl fcUnq ij dqy iszj.k 'kwU; gks] og fcUnq mnklhu fcUnq dgykrk gSA ftl pqEcdh; {ks=k esa cy js[kk,¡ [khaph tkrh gS
og lk/kj.kr;k nks pqEcdh; {ks=kksa ls cuk gksrk gSA igyk i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks=k dh rhozrk dk {kSfrt ?kVd (Bn) vkSj nwljk pqEcd
;k pqEcdh; {ks=kA vr% {ks=k esa cy js[kk,¡ [khapus ij dqN LFkku izkIr gksrs gSAa ftu ij nksuksa cyksa ds eku cjkcj fdUrq foijhr fn'kk
esa gks tkrh gSaA bu LFkkuksa ij nksuksa cy ,d&nwljs dks larqfyr dj nsrs gSaA ftlls ml LFkku ls dksbZ cy js[kk ugha xqtjrh gSA ogk¡
pqEcd j[kus ij dksbZ fo{ksi ugha gksrk gSA 1 mark
mnklhu fcUnq ij pqEcd ds {ks=k dh rhozrk rFkk i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks=k dh rhozrk dk {kSfrt ?kVd cjkcj o foijhr
gksrk gSA 1 mark
Ph-[ 10 ]
10. O;frdj.k ,oa foorZ u es a va r jµ
O;frdj.k (Interference of Light) foorZ u (Diffraction of Light)
(i) O;frdj.k dh ?kVuk nks lEc¼ lzksrksa ls pyus okys foorZu ml O;frdj.k dk izHkko gS tks ,d gh rjaxkxz ds
nks i`FkDd`r rjaxkxzks ds chp gksrh gSA fofHkUu fcUnqvksa ls pyusokyh f}rh;d rjafxdkvksa ds chp
gksrk gSA
(ii) O;frdj.k fp=k esa lHkh nhIr fÚat ,d leku rhozrk tcfd foorZu fp=k esa fÚat fofHkUu rhozrkvksa dh gksrh gSA
dh gksrh gSA
(iii) O;frdj.k fp=k esa fÚat leku pkSM+kbZ dh gksrh gSA tcfd foorZu fp=k esa fÚat dHkh Hkh leku pkSM+kbZ dh ugha
gksrh gSA
(iv) O;frdj.k fp=k esa fufEu"B izk;% iw.kZ va/dkje; tcfd foorZu fp=k esa ,slk ugha gksrk gSA
(dkys) gksrs gSaA
Difference between interference and differaction of light :
(i) The phenomenon of interference place between Diffraction is the effect of interference taking place
two sparate wavefronts starting from coherent between the secondary wavelets starting from
sources. different points of the same wavefront.
(ii) All the bright fringes in the interference pattern But diffraction fringese are of different intensity.
are of equal intensity.
(iii) In the interference pattern, all the fringes are of In diffraction it is found that all the fringes are not of
equal width. the same width.
(iv) In the interference pattern, the minima is atmost It is not so in the diffraction pattern.
dark. 1 mark each (with any two)
11. vkn'kZ ifjufydk esa Loizsj.k %
ekufy;k fd n = izfr ,dkad yEckbZ esa isQjksa dh la[;k_ q = izokfgr /kjk_ A = vuqizLFk dkV dk {ks=kiQy
B, pqEcdh; izsj.k = µ0 n2 1 mark
,ufodk dh yEckbZ l ls lEc¼ ÝyDl φ = BA (nl) = (µ0 ni A) (nl) = (µ0 n i Al) 2
φ µ0 n 2i Al
Loizsj.k] L= = = µ0 n 2 Al 1 mark
i i
izfr ,dkad vk;ru dk izsjdRo = µ 0 n 2

12. vfHkur p-n laf/ %
tc p-n laf/ ij ckgjh foHkokarj vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gS rks bl laf/ dks ¶vfHkur p-n laf/¸ dgrs gSa A p-n laf/ ij nks
izdkj dh vfHkufr;k¡ laHko gSµ vxz vfHkufr laf/ ,oa i'p vfHkufrA
tc p-v¼Zpkyd mPp foHko ij rFkk n-v¼Zpkyd fuEu foHko ij la;ksftr fd;k tk;
r
rks p-n laf/ vxzvfHkur dgh tkrh gS A bl vfHkufr esa fMIyh'ku {ks=k esa ^jks/h fo|qr {ks=k* ( Eb )
r
ds foijhr ckgjh fo|qr {ks=k ( E1 ) yxrk gS tks dqy fo|qr {ks=k ds eku dks E b ls de dj
nsrk gS A blds dkj.k iwoZ dh larqyu dh fLFkfr Fkh] vc cny tkrh gS rFkk vc vkos'k folfjr
gksus yxrk gSA fMªÝV ?kjk bl le; Hkh iwoZor~ gh cgrh jgrh gS A vr% dqy /kjk P ls N dh
vksj tkrh gS A
Ph-[ 11 ]
bl /kjk dk foHkokarj ds lkFk xzkiQ lh/h js[kk ugha vkrk A vr% p-n laf/ vkse ds fu;e dk ikyu ugha djrh èkkjk&foHkokarj oØ
ls laf/ ds xq.k dk irk pyrk gS] vr% bls vfHkyk{kf.kd oØ dgrs gSa A fp=k esa bls OA-Hkkx }kjk lwfpr fd;k x;k gS A 1½ mark
;fn n-v¼Zpkyd dks mPp foHko ij rFkk p-v¼Zpkyd ds fuEu foHko ij la;ksftr djsa rks p-n laf/ i'p vfHkur dgh
→ ρ
tkrh gS A bl fLFkfr esa jksèkh fo|qr {ks=k E dh gh fn'kk esa ckgjh fo|qr {ks=k E 1 Hkh yxrk gS
b
ftl dkj.k cgqla[;d folj.k fcYdqy can gks tkrk gS rFkk fojku {ks=k dh pkSM+kbZ c<+ tkrh gSA
;gk¡ folj.k rks :dk jgrk gS ij vYi la[;dksa ds izokg ls fMªÝV /kjk curh gS tks N ls P dh
vksj taD'ku gksdj pyrh gS A fp=k esa ;g OP }kjk iznf'kZr gS A ;gk¡ FkksM+h&lh tks Hkh /kjk fn[krh
gS og vYila[;dtfur gS A ;g µA ds Øe dh gksrh gS A 1½ mark
vfHkyk{kf.kd oØµP-N laf/ ds vkM+s vfHkufr foHkokarj V ,oa I /kjk ds chp oØ lkekU;r% vkse dk fu;e dk ikyu
ugha djrh D;ksafd I-V oØ lh/h js[kk ughas gksrh gSA
fp=k esa OA vxzvfHkuhr] OB i'p vfHkuhr rFkk BC mPp i'p vfHkufr ds I-V- xzkiQ gSaA 1 mark
pn-laf/% ,d fn"Vdkjh ds :i esa µ izR;korhZ Ïksr ls ,d nSf'kd /kjk Ïksr izkIr djuk fn"Vhdj.k gS A p-n laf/
}kjk vxzvfHkuhr esa vR;Ur de izfrjks/ rFkk i'p vfHkufr esa vR;ar vf/d izfrjks/ n'kkZus ds pyrs bl ls ge izR;korhZ /kjk dks
fn"V ;k ,dnSf'kd /kjk esa ifjorhZr dj ldrs gSaA vr% p-n laf/ fn"Vdkjh ds :i esa iz;qDr gks ldrk gS A
1 mark
pn-laf/ ,d iw.kZ fn"Vdkjh ds :i esaµiw.kZ fn"Vdkjh esa ygj xq.kkad 40.6% rFkk iw.kZfn"Vdkjh esa 81.2% gksrk gSA
Energy bands in solids
Forward biasing of PN junction diode.
A pn junction is said to be forward if an external battery of emf greater
than the potential barrier (Vb) is connected to pn junction in such a way that +ive
terminal of teh external batter is connected to p-side and -ve terminal to n-side
of teh junction diode.
In forward biasing, applied forward potential establishes an electric field
which acts opposite to field due to potential barrier. Therefore resultant field is
weak end due to which potential barrier is considerably reduced and hence the
depletion layer becomes thin. As a result a low resistance path is established for
Ph-[ 12 ]
entire circuit. Thus current flows in the circuit. This current is called forward
current.
Reverse biasing of pn junction diode :-
A pn junction is said to be reverse viased if the +ve terminal of external
battery is connected to n-side of the junction on diode and -ve terminal is con-
nected to p-side of diod.
In reversbiasing, applied reverse voltage establishes an electric field in
same direction of potential barrier. The reverse voltage supports it, as a result
majority charge carriers are pulled a way from the junction and hence depletion layer increases. Therefore a high
resistance path is established for the entire circuit and hence no current flows in the
circuit. i.e. in reverse biasing of diode no current does not flows in the circuit.
PN Junction diode as half wave rectifier :
The rectifier, which converts only one half of a.c. intput into d.c. is called half
wave rectifier.
During +ve half cycle of the a.c. input voltage the diode is forward biased and current flows through load
RL. This current develops a voltage across load PL.
During -ve half cycle pf the a.c. input, diode is reverse biased. No current flows in the circuit and hence no
voltage is developed across load RL
Thus alternating voltage fed to primary coil (P) of transformer (Tr) appears as pulsating d.c. across the output load
RL. Since voltage across the load appears only during +ve half cycle of the input a.c.the other half is missing, thus
this process is called half wave rectification and the arrangement used is called half wave rectifier.
Or,
Lo;a vH;kl djsa (Self Practice)
Or,
cksj dk ijek.kq&ekWM y (Bohr's Atomic Model)
1913 esa uhYl cks j us jnjiQksMZ ds ijek.kq&ekWMy esa Iykad ds DokaVe fl¼ka r dks yxkdj gkbMªkstu&ijek.kq ds
LisDVªe dh liQy O;k[;k dh rFkk ijek.kq dk ,d u;k ekWMy fn;k A bl ekWMy dks cksj dk ijek.kq&ekWM y dgk
tkrk gS] tks cksj ds fuEufyf[kr vfHkx`ghrksa ij vkèkkfjr gSµ
(a) ijek.kq ds dsanz ij /ukosf'kr ukfHkd gksrk gS ftldk vkos'k Ze ds cjkcj gksrk gS] tgk¡ Z ijek.kq&Øekad rFkk
e bysDVªkWu ds vkos'k ds ifjek.k dk /u vkos'k gS A
(b) bysDVªkWu] ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj o`Ùkh; d{kkvksa esa ?kwerk jgrk gS A bu d{kkvksa esa ?kweusokys bYksDVªkWu fofdj.k
ugha mRiUu djrs gSa A bu d{kkvksa dks LFkk;h d{kk,¡ dgk tkrk gS A
(c) fdlh Hkh LFkk;h d{kk ds fy, bysDVªkWu vkSj ukfHkd ds chp fØ;k'khy vkd"kZ.k&cy vko';d vfHkdsanz cy
iznku djrk gS A
Ph-[ 13 ]
bysDVªkWu dsoy mUgha d{kkvksa esa ?kwe ldrs gSa ftuesa mudk
(d) bysDVªkWu dh lHkh d{kk,¡ laHko ugha gksrh gS A
dks.kh; laosx h / 2π dk iw.kk±d xq.kt gksrk gS] tgk¡ h Iykad dk lkoZf=kd fLFkjkad gS A bls cksj DokaVhdj.k
izfrca/ dgk tkrk gS A ;fn bysDVªkWu dk nzO;eku me gks rFkk og v osx ls r f=kT;k dh o`Ùkh; d{kk esa ?kwe jgk gksa]
h
rks mldk dks.kh; laosx me vr gksxk A cksj ds bl vfHkx`ghr ds vuqlkj] me vr = n --- (1) 2 mark
2π
tgk¡] n ,d iw.kk±d (n = 1, 2, 3, .......) gS ftls eq[; DokaVe la[;k ;k d{kk dh Øe&la[;k dgk tkrk gS A
viuh LFkk;h d{kk dks NksM+dj Å¡ph LFkk;h d{kk esa pyk tkrk gS vkSj tc ,d bysDVªkWu fdlh Å¡ph LFkk;h d{kk
ls uhps dh LFkk;h d{kk esa vkrk gS] vFkkZr tc mldk laØe.k gksrk gS] rks ÅtkZ dk mRltZu gksrk gS A bl izdkj ls
mRlftZr (;k vo'kksf"kr) ÅtkZ bysDVªkWu dh nksuksa d{kkvksa esa ÅtkZ ds varj ds cjkcj gksrh gS rFkk mRlftZr (;k
vo'kksf"kr) ÅtkZ DokaVe dk iQksVkWu ds :i esa gksrh gS] vFkkZr E 2 − E1 = hv --- (2)
DokaVe fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr cksj dk mi;qZDr ijek.kq&ekWMy vk/qfud HkkSfrdh dk ewy vk/kj gS A blds fy, mUgsa
1922 esa ukscsy iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k Fkk A
gkbMªkstu LisDVªe dk cksj fl¼kar
cksj ds vuqlkj] gkbMªkstu dk ijek.kq ds ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj o`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa ,d bysDVªkWu ?kwerk gSA ekufy;k
fd bysDVªkWu dk nzO;eku me rFkk vkos'k −e gS] rFkk ukfHkd ij /u&vkos'k dk ifjek.k +e gS A
ekufy;k fd bysDVªkWu v osx ls f=kT;k rn dh noha d{kk esa ?kwe jgk gS (fp=k) A bl o`Ùkh; xfr ds fy, vko';d
vfHkdsanzh; cy ukfHkd }kjk bysDVªkWu ij fLFkj oS|`r ;k dwykWe vkd"kZ.k cy }kjk iznku gksrk gS A
mev2 1 e×e e2
vFkkZr = ∴ mev2 = --- (3)
rn 4 π ∈0 rn 2 4π ∈0 rn
h
cksj ds vfHkx`ghr ds vuqlkj] bysDVªkWu dsoy mUgha d{kkvksa esa ?kwe ldrk gS ftlesa fd mldk dks.kh; laosx
2π
h
dk iw.kZ xq.kt gks] vFkkZr mevrn = n --- (4)
2π
tgk¡] n ,d iw.kk±d gS (n = 1, 2, 3, .......) ftls d{kk dh Øe&la[;k dgrs gSa A
∈0 n2h2
r
lehdj.k (4) dks oxZ djds lehdj.k (3) ls Hkkx nsus ij n = --- (5)
πmee2
bl izdkj tks d{kk,¡ laHko gSa mudh f=kT;k,¡ n2 ds lekuqikrh gksrh gSa] D;ksafd lehdj.k (5) esa 'ksa"k jkf'k;k¡
fu;rkad gSa A vr% Øekxr] d{kkvksa dh f=kT;k,¡ iw.kk±d 1] 2] 3 ------- ds oxZ ds lekuqikrh gksaxh A bUgha iw.kk±dksa dks
laxr d{kkvksa dh DokaVe la[;k dgk tkrk gS A gkbMªkstu ijek.kq ds fy, izFke vkSj lcls de DokaVe la[;] vFkkZr
n = 1 dh d{kk dh f=kT;k dk eku yxHkx 5 × 10 −11 m izkIr gksrh gS ftls cksj f=kT;k dgrs gS A
gkbMªkstu ds ijek.kq dh dqy ÅtkZ bysDVªkWu dh xfrt ÅtkZ vkSj ijek.kq dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ ds ;ksx ds cjkcj
gksrh gS A
1
bysDVªkWu dh xfrt ÅtkZ Ek = me v 2 - lehdj.k (3) ls] me v 2 dk eku j[kus ij
2
1 ⎛ 1 e2 ⎞
Ek = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ 4π ∈0 r ⎟⎠ --- (6)
Ph-[ 14 ]
vr%] ijek.kq dh oS|qr fLFkfrt ÅtkZ
1 ( + e )( − e ) 1 e2
Ep = =− --- (7)
4π ∈0 r 4π ∈0 r
vr%] ijek.kq dh dqy ÅtkZ
⎛ 1 e2 ⎞ 1 e2
En = Ek + E p = Ek ⎜ ⎟−
⎜ 4π ∈0 r ⎟ 4π ∈0 r
⎝ ⎠
e2
∴ En = − --- (8)
8π ∈0 r
lehdj.k (5) ls r dk eku lehdj.k (8) esa j[kus ij] 2 mark
mee 4
En = − --- (9)
8 ∈20 n2h2
mi;qDZ r lw=k ls gkbMªkt
s u ijek.kq dh ÅtkZ (ftls d{kh; ÅtkZ dgk tkrk gS) izkIr gksrh gS tc mldk bysDVªkuw
n osa DokaVe d{kk esa ?kwe jgk gksrk gS A bl lw=k esa n ds vfrfjDr lHkh jkf'k;k¡ fu;r gSa] vr% ijek.kq dh ÅtkZ DokaVe
la[;k ds oxZ (n 2 ) ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrh gSA
ÅtkZ ds lkFk yxk Í.kkRed fpUg ;g crkrk gS fd ijek.kq ,d caf/ lajpuk gS rFkk n ds c<+us ij ÅtkZ dk
okLrfod eku c<+rk gS A vr%] ckg~; d{kkvksa dh ÅtkZ vanj dh d{kkvksa dh ÅtkZ ls vf/d gksrh gS A
pw¡fd izFke d{kk ds laxr ÅtkZ U;wure gksrh gS] vr% ;g lcls vf/d LFkk;h gksrk gS] vFkkZr lkekU; voLFkk
esa bysDVªkWu blh d{kk esa ?kwerk gS A
Postulates of Bohr’s Theory : 1 mark
(i) The central part called nucleus, contains the whole of the (+) charge and almost whole of the mass of
the atom.
(ii) While revolving around in a permitted orbit, an electron possesses angular momentum ‘L’
(= mvr) which is an integral multiple of h/2 π . i.e., L = nh 2π
(iii) Electrons are capable of changing the orbits. On absorbing energy, they move to a higher orbit.
Emission to a lower orbit. If ‘f’ is the frequency of the radiant energy, then hf = E2 – E1
where E1 = energy of electron in lower orbit, E2 = energy of electron in higher orbit.
Energy of an electron :
Total energy = K.E. + P.E.
2
(a) K.E. = ½ mv2 = 1
2
m × 1 . Ze from equation (i)
4πε0 mr
2
∴ K. E. = 1 .4πε0. Ze
2 r
qq
1 . 1 2 where q = – e and q = Ze
(b) P.E.=Potential at the point × charge which is placed there = 4πε r 1 2
0
2
∴ P. E. = − 1 Ze
4πε0 r
∴ P.E. = – 2 times K.E.
Ph-[ 15 ]
(c) En (total energy of the electron, also called its binding energy) = K.E. + P.E. = – 1 1 . Ze2
2 4πε0 r
En' Total energy (i.e., binding energy) = – K.E. or, = 1/2 of P.E.
Substituting the value of r from equation (iii)
2
En = − 1 . 1 × Ze2 × π . mZe
2 4πε0 ε0 n h
2 2
2 4
∴
En = − 1 2 . Z me
2 2
8ε0 n h
∴ En = RH ch Z2 / n2
where RH = Rydberg’s constant = 1.097 × 107 m–1 & c = speed of light in vacuum
Substituting the values,
−18
En = 2.18 ×210 J = − 132.6 eV
n n
Total energy of an electron is a negative quantity means its is bound to the nucleus
13. Young's arrangement is shown schematically in monochromatic light emanating from a narrow slite S0 is
divided into two other narrow slight S1 and S2 very close together, at a distance d. A screen is kept at a distance D
from the slits S1 and S2. The two sets of wavlets leave is phase. But they do not mnessarily arrive at P in phase
because of the path difference (a–r2) for the two veves the path difference is given by
(Fig.& Description) 2 mark
1 mark
∆ = r2 = d sin θ 1 mark ...(1)

constructive interference occure at p when
nλ
∆ = r2 = d sin θ ( nλ ) nλ ∴ sin θ =
d
The central bright fringe at 0, or zeroth fringe (n = 0), corrsponds to zero path difference, or sin θ = 0. If point
P as at the centre of the with fringe, the distance yn from the zeroth to the nth fringe is, from figure
y n = D tan θ n 1 mark ...(3)
If y < < R, then on for all values of n is axtrenaly small. In that case, tan θ n ; sin θ n and y n = D sin θ n .
Therfore,
nλ
yn = D ...(4)
d
Ph-[ 16 ]
Or, ekuk fd fdlh ysal L ds iz/ku v{k ij ,d oLrq O j[kh xbZ gSA ysal ds nksuksa xksyh; lrg dk dsUnz C1 ,oa C2 gSA
Let an object O is placed on the principal axis of a lens L as shown in the fig. The two spherical surfaces of the
lens have their centres at C1 and C2 (Fig.& Description) 2 mark
1 mark
ekuk fd ysUl dk izdk'k dsUnz P ij gS rFkk viorZukad n gSA izFke lrg ls viorZu ds ckn O dk izfrfcEc O1 ij gS] tks
nwljs lrg ds fy, oLrq dk dk;Z djrk gS rFkk vafre izfrfcEc I ij curk gSA (The optical centre is at P, and the refractive
index of the material on the lens in N. Refraction from the centre surface, the image of O is formed at O1. The image
O1 now acts as an object for the concave surface and image is formed at I.)
izFke viorZu ds fy, ;fn u1= oLrq dh nwjh ,oa v1 = izfrfcEc dh nwjh (For the first refraction, if u be object distance
v1 be the image distance, then)
n 1 n −1
rks − = ...(1) 1 mark
v1 u R1
nwljs lrg ds fy,] O;atd gksxk (For the second refraction, the relation may be)
1 n 1− n
− = ...(2)
u v1 R2
lehdj.k (1) rFkk (2) dks tksM+us ij] (Adding (1) and (2) we have)
1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
− = ( n − 1) ⎜ − ⎟ ...(3)1 mark
v u ⎝ R1 R 2 ⎠
;fn O dks ysUl ls nwj fd;k tkrk gS rks vafre izfrfcEc iQksdl ij curk gSA (If the object O is taken far away from
the lens, the image is formed close to the focus, Thus, for u = ∞ , v= f we have.)
1 1 1 1 1
− = − = ...(4)
v u f α f
lehdj.k (4) rFkk (3) dks tksM+us ij] (Putting Eq (4) in into Eq (3), we obtain.)
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= ( n − 1) ⎜ − ⎟ ...(5)
f ⎝ R1 R 2 ⎠
;g ysUl esdj lw=k dk vHkh"V O;atd gSA (Which is called the lens maker's formula.)
Ph-[ 17 ]
14. (Fig. & Description) 1 mark
ekuk fd C2 /kfjrk ds nks la?kud dks vkosf'kr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mudk izkjafHkd ,oa vafre foHkokarj V1 rFkk
V2 gSA nksuksa la?kudksa dk izkjafHkd fo|qrh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ gS] ((Let the two changed capacitors have capacitances C1 and
C2 and wich at potantial difference V1 and V2. The initial electrical potential energy asociated with the two capaciters
will be) 1 mark
1 1
Vi = Ci V12 − C2 V2 2 ...(1)
2 2
vc nksuksa la?kudksa dks lekukUrj Øe esa tksM+ fn;k tkrk gS] rkfd nksuksa ds chp foHkokUrj leku gks tk;sA vc ;fn Ci ij
q vkos'k gS rFkk C2 ij q1 + q2 – q vkos'k gS rFkk nksuksa dk mHk;fu"B foHkokUrj v gS] rks vkos'k ds laj{k.k ds fl¼kar ls] (Now
the two capacitors are connected in parallel change distribution between he two capaciors take place hill the potential
differences actross them become same, Now, let q be the change on C1 and q1 + q 2 − q be the change on C2 and let
V be the common pd's.
Them, from consunction of change,)
q1 + q 2 − q
C1V1 + C2 V2
⇒ C1V1 + C2 V2 = ( C1 + C2 ) V ⇒ ∴ V = 1 mark
C1 + C2
tc la?kudksa dks lekukUrj Øe esa tksM+k tkrk gS] rks vafre fo|qrh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ gksxhA (Final electrical potential energyy
of the system when the capaciters are connected as parallel is)
2
1 1 ⎛ C V + C 2 V2 ⎞
U f = ( C1 + C 2 ) V 2 = ( C1 + C2 ) ⎜ 1 1 ⎟
2 2 ⎝ C1 + C2 ⎠
1 ( C1V1 + C 2 V2 )
= 1 mark
2 C1 + C 2
fo|qrh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa ßkl (Loss in electrical potential energy is therefore,)
1 ( C1V1 + C 2 V2 )
2
1 1
∆ U = U i − U f = C1V12 + C1V2 2 −
2 2 2 C1 + C2
1 ⎡⎣ C1 V1 + C1C 2 V1 + C 2 C 2 V2 + C 2 V2 − C1 V1 − C 2 V2 − 2C1C 2 V1V2 ⎤⎦ 1 C1 + C 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=
2
−
2 C1 + C 2
( V12 V22 − 2V1V2 )
1 ⎛ C1C2 ⎞
∆U= ⎜ ⎟ ( V1 − V2 )
2
2 ⎝ C1 + C2 ⎠ 1 mark
Ph-[ 18 ]
Or,
An inductance L1 and a resistance R is connected in series with a source of emf. Σ . Let at any time t
⎛ di ⎞
a current i flows through the circuit, As the current increases is the inductor, a self, induced and ⎜ = −L ⎟ is
⎝ dt ⎠
produced and potential drop across resistance R is iR. From Kirchoff's loop law,
di di di dt
ε = −L + iR Or, L = ε − iR Or, =
dt dt ε − iR L
At t = 0, i = 0 and at time t the current is i. Integrating the above equatin, we have.
1 ε − iR t
i t
di dt
∫0 ε − iR = ∫0 L or, − ln
2 ε
=
L
ε − iR
=−
t −t ε ⎛⎜ − t ⎞⎟
ln
or, ε − iR = e ε i = iR ε e
or, ε L L
or, R⎜ L ⎟
R R ⎝ R⎠
ε
The constant L R is called time constant, t and = i 0 , place current. The Eq. (1) thus shows that current in on
R
L – R circuit grows exponantially.
15. Let us consider an eletric dipole of dipole length d. Negative deage (–q) is placed at P and position change
(+ q) at Q. 1 mark
Let O be the mid point. Now consider an equatorial point R along its axis and take OR = r
The electric field at R due to –q is
Q R
P
d O d
–q +q
1 q
E– = −
4πε 0 ( r + d )2 ½ mark ...(1)
1 q
and the electric field at R due to +q is E + = − ½ mark ...(2)
4πε 0 ( r + d )2
Adding (1) and (2) gives net field intensity at R1 i.e.
⎡ 2 ⎤
1 ⎢(r + d) − (r − d) ⎥ = q
2
1 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤ =
2dr
E = E+ E– = ⎢ − ⎥ 4πε 0 ( r 2 − d 2 )2
4πε 0 ⎢ ( ) ⎥ 2 mark
2
4πε 0 ⎢⎣ ( r − d ) ( r + d )2 ⎥⎦
2
⎣ r 2
− d 2
⎦
1 pr
E=
4πε 0 ( r − d 2 )2
2
Ph-[ 19 ]
1 p
Where p = (q) (2d) is the dipole moment. For d < < r, we have E = 4πε r 3 1 mark
0
Or,
iz R;korhZ /kjk dk vkS l ru eku (Average value of alternating current)–izR;korZu ds iw.kZ pØ ds nksuksa ck;sa Hkkxksa
esa izR;korhZ /kjk ds vkSlr eku cjkcj gksrs gS]a ysfdu pØ ds nksuksa vk/s Hkkxksa esa /kjk dh fn'kk foijhr gSA
2l0 2l0
l( + ) = & l( – ) = − [ I0 = rRofud /kjk ]
π π
vr% iw.kZ pØ dh vof/ ds fy, /kjk vkSlr eku 'kwU; gksrk gSA blh izdkj izR;korZu ds iw.kZ pØ dh vof/ ds fy, oS-
ok- cy dk vkSlr eku 'kwU; gksrk gSA vr$ izR;korhZ /kjk ds vkSlr eku dk dksbZ egRo ugha gksrkA 1 mark
vkHkklh ;k oxZ ekè;ewy /kjk (virtual or RMS current)–/kjkvksa dk rkih; izHkko /kjk dh fn'kk ij fuHkZj ugha djrk
gSA blh dk mi;ksx dj izR;korhZ /kjk ekih tk ldrh gSA fdlh izR;korhZ /kjk dk vkHkklh eku fn"V /kjk (d.c.) ds mrus eu ds
cjkcj gksrk gS tks mruh gh Å"ek iSnk djrh gS ftruh dh izR;korhZ /kjk djrh gSA 1 mark
I12 + I 2 2 ... + I n z I
⇒ I rms = 0 [Derive from integration method fill yield 2 mark ]
I=
n 2
vkHkklh /kjk dks oxZ ekè; ewy /kjk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
I RMS 1
Relation, (lEcU/) % = 1 mark
I0 2
Ph-[ 20 ]
MODEL SET ( iz k :i i=k ) –II
SECTION ([k.M) –I

correct answer.
1. fdjpkSiQ dk fu;e fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldk ifj.kke gSµ
(A) fo|qr {ks=k dk vlajf{kr pfj=k (B) fo|qr {ks=k dk lajf{kr pfj=k
(C) pqEcdh; {ks=k dk lajf{kr pfj=k (D) pqEcdh; {ks=k dk vlajf{kr pfj=k
Kirchhoff loop rule is a consequence of
(A) Non conservative nature of electric field (B) Conservative nature of electric field
(C) Conservative nature of magnetic field (D) Non conservative nature of magnetic field
2. fo|qr /kjk izokfgr gks jgs o`rh; dqaMyh ds ij pqEcdh; {ks=k B gSA vxj /kjk dks vifjofrZr j[krs gq,] f=kT;k nqxuk dj fn;k
tk, rks vc dsUnz ij dk pqEcdh; {ks=k fdruk gks tk;sxk A
The magnetic field at the centre of a current carrying circular loop is B. If the radius of the loop is doubled
keeping the current unchanged, the magnetic field at the centre of the loop will become.
B B
(A) (B) (C) 2 B (D) 4 B
4 2
3. dwyEc esa ,d izksVhu ij fdruk vkos'k gksrk gSµ
(A) 1.6 × 10–19C (B) 9.1 × 10–31C (C) –1.6 × 10–19C (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Change on one proton in coulomb is
(A) 1.6 × 10–19C (B) 9.1 × 10–31C (C) –1.6 × 10–19C (D) None of these
4. 1-5 oksYV fo|qr okgd cy dk dksbZ lsy lh/s 0.05 Ω ds izfrjks/ ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA vxj ifjiFk esa 2.0A dh /kjk izokfgr
gksrh gS rks lsy dk vkarfjd izfrjks/ D;k gS
A cell of emf 1.5 v is connected directly to an ammeter of resistance 0.05 Ω . If the current in the circuit is
2.0A, the internal resistance of the cell is
(A) 0.7 Ω (B) 0.8 Ω (C) 0.9 Ω (D) 1.0 Ω
5. ;ax Mcy fLyV iz;ksx esa vxj fLyV vkSj insZ ds chp dh nwjh nwxuh dj nh tk, rFkk fLyV~l ds chp dh nwjh vk/h dj
nh tk, rks fÚatksa dh pkSM+kbZ dk D;k gksxk A
In young's double slit experiment the distance between the slits and the screen is doubled and the separation
between the the slits is reduced to half. The fringe width.
(A) nqxuk gks tk;sxk (is doubled) (B) pkj xq.kk gks tk;sxk (becomes four times)
(C) vk/k gks tk;sxk (is halved) (D) vifjofrZr jgsxk (remains unchanged)
Ph-[ 21 ]
6. s u ds ijek.kq esa fLFkj d{kkvksa dh f=kT;k rn ] fizfUliy DokUVe uEcj n ls fdl
cksj ds ijek.kq eksMy ds eqrkfcd] gkbMªkt
izdkj lacaf/r gSA
According to Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom, the radii r0 of stationary orbits are related to principal quantum
number n as
(A) 0.
1 1
(A) rn ∝ (B) rn ∝ (C) rn ∝ n (D) rn ∝ n 2
n2 n
7. f iQksdl nwjh ds fdlh vfHklkjh ysal ls fdlh fcEc dk okLrfod izfrfcEc cukus ds fy, fcEc dk okLrfod izfrfcEc
cukus ds fy, fcEc vkSj insZ ds chp de ls de fdruh nwjh gksuh pkfg,A
In order to obtains the real image of an object on the screen by means of a convex lens of focal length 'f' the
distance between the object and the screen must be greater than a minimum value, which is
(A) f (B) 2 f (C) 3 f (D) 4 f
8. r nwjh ls vyx nks vkos'kksa q1 ,oe~ q2 ds chp cy F yxrk gSA vxj vkos'kksa dk eku nqxuk dj fn;k tk; rFkk muds chp
dh nwjh vk/h dj nh tk, rc muds chp dk oS|qr LFkSfrd cy fdruk gks tk;sxkA
The electrostatic force between two charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance 'r' is F. If the charges are
doubled and the separation between them is reduced to half then the electrostatic force between the charges
will become
(A) F (B) 4 F (C) 16 F (D) 64 F
9. ijfeVhfoVh dk S.I. ek=kd D;k gksrk gS
S. I. unit of permittivity is
(A) C2 N–1 m–2 (B) NC–2 m2 (C) NC2 m2 (D) N–1 C–1 m2
10. fdlh pkyd rkj dh yEckbZ bls [khapdj nqxuk dj fn;k x;kA bldk izfrjks/ fdruk xq.kk gks tk;sxkA
The length of a conducting wire is doubled by stretching it. The resistance of the wire becomes.
(A) nks xq.kk (two fold) (B) vifjofrZr jgsxk (remains unchanged)
(C) rhu xq.kk (three fold) (D) pkj xq.kk (four fold)
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku&I : lsyksa dk Js.khØe O;oLFkk rc bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS tc mudk vkarfjd izfrjks/ cká izfrjks/ ls de gksrk gSA
NE
dFku&II : ,slk blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd I = , tgk¡ ladsrksa ds vius ekud vFkZ gSa A
R − 1nr
Statement-I : A series combination of cell is used when their internal resistance is much smaller than the
external resistance.
NE
Statement-II : It follows from the relation I = , where the symbols have their standard meaning.
R − 1nr
Ph-[ 22 ]
12. dFku&I : eqDr U;wVªkWu LFkk;h ugha gksrk A
dFku&II : ukfHkd ds ckgj U;wVªkWu ,d izksVkWu] ,d bysDVªkWu vkSj ,d ,.Vh U;wVªkWuksa esa fo?kfVr gksrk gSA
Statement-I : Free Neutron is not stable.
Statement-II : A neutron outside the nucleus decays into a proton, an electron and antineutrino.
13. dFku&I : vxj fdlh lekukUrj IysV la?kkfj=k ds IysV~l ds chp dh nwjh vk/h dj nh tk, vkSj MkbbysDVªhd dkalVsaV rhu
xq.kk dj fn;k tk, rks dSisflVkWUl N% xq.kk gks tk;sxkA
dFku&II : la?kkfj=k dk dSisflVkWUl mlds IysV~l ds eSVsfj;y ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA
Statement-I : If the distance between parallel plates of a capacitor is halved and di-electric constant is made 3
times then the capacitance becomes 6 times.
Statement-II : Capacitance of the capacitor does not depend upon the nature of the material of the plates of the
capacitor.
14. dFku&I : ysUt dk fu;e ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds fl¼kar dk mYya?ku djrk gSA
dFku&II : izsfjr fo|qr okgd cy ges'kk ml pqEcdh; ÝyDl dk fojks/ djrk gS rks mlds izsj.k ds fy, ftEesokj gksrk gSA
Statement-I : Lenz's law violets the principle of conservation of energy.
Statement-II : Induced emf alsways opposes the change in the magnetic flux responsible for its production.
15. dFku&I : ,d mÙky ,oa vory ysal dh iQksdl nwjh gok esa leku gSA tc bUgsa ikuh esa Mqck;k tkrk gS rks budh iQksdl nwjh
vifjofrZr jg tkrh gSA
dFku&II : ikuh dk viorZukad gok ls T;knk gksrk gSA
Statement-I : A concave lens and a convex lens both have the same focal length in air. When they are sub-
merged in water their lengths remain unchanged.
Statement-II : The refractive index of water is greater than the refractive index of air.
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. LED ykbV bfefVax Mk;ksM (The LED or the light emitting diode)
(A) iQkjoMZ ok;l gksrk gS rks izdk'k mRlftZr djrk gSA (emits light when forward biased)
(B) v¼Zpkyd ;kSfxd xSfy;e vklsZukbM ls cuk gksrk gSA (is made from the semiconducting compound gallium
arsenide)
(C) nks v¼Zpkydksa flfydksu ;k tesfZ u;e esa ls fdlh dk cuk gksrk gSA (is made from one of the two basic
semiconducting materials silicon and Germanium)
(D) fjolZ ok;l gksus ij izdk'k mRlftZr djrk gSA (emits light when reversed biased.)
17. cwfy;u vadxf.kr ds eqrkfcd vxj A = B = 1, rks A. B + A dk eku D;k gksxkA
In Boolean algebra if A = B = 1 then the value of A.B + A is
(A) A (B) B
(C) A + B (D) B.A + A
18. tc ,d p – n laf/ Mk;ksM fuEu :i ls cuk gksrk gS rks (When a p – n junction diode)
Ph-[ 23 ]
(A) fMiys'ku ys;j vius vuck;LM lkekU; pkSM+kbZ ls vf/d pkSM+k gks tkrk gSA (The depletion layer widened
compared to its normal unbiased thickness.)
(B) ifjiFk esa izokfgr gksusokyh /kjk ekbuksfjVh dSfj;j ds izokg ds dkj.k gksrk gSA (The current flowing in the circuit
is due to minority charge carriers.)
(C) fjolZ ck;l oksYVst ds c<+us ds lkFk ifjiFk esa izokfgr gksusokyh /kjk cgqr de c<+rh gS ij fjolZ ok;l oksYVst dks
,d [kkl eku izkIr dj ysus ds ckn /kjk dkiQh rsth ls c<+rh gSA (The current increases only slightly with an
increase in the applied reverse bias voltage but shows a sudden sharp increase as the applied bias voltage
reaches a particular value characteristic of the diode.)
(D) /kjk eStksfjVh dSfj;j ds izokfgr gksus ds dkj.k gksrk gS rFkk ok;l oksYVst ds lkFk vjSf[kd :i ls cnyrk gSA (The
current is due to majority charge carriers and increase with applied bias voltage in a non-linear way.)
→ ^
,d /kjk izokfgr gksrk gqvk o`rh; daqMyh X – Y Iysu esa j[kk gqvk gSA ,d pqEcdh; {ks=k B − B0 K Hkh mifLFkr gS rks lkj.kh
I dks lkj.kh II ls feyk,¡ A (A circular current carrying loop is placed in X – Y plane as shown in figure. A uniform
→ ^
magnetic field B − B K is present is the region. Match column I with column II. )
0
↑Y
→X
19. ywi ij cy vk?kw.kZ (Torque on the loop) (A) U;wure (Minimum)
20. ywi dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ (Magnetic moment of the loop) (B) 'kwU; (Zero)
21. ywi dk larqyu (Equilibrium of the loop) (C) fLFkj (Stable)
22. ywi dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ (Potential energy on the loop) (D) +Ve z-axis ds vuqj[ s k (Along +Ve z-axis)
cksj ds ijek.kq ekWMy ds eqrkfcd bysDVªkWu ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj o`Ùkh; iFk esa bl izdkj ?kwerk gS fd ukfHkd ds ifjr%
h
bysDVªkWu dk dks.kh; laosx dk xq.kd gksrk gS rFkk o`Ùkh; iFk esa ?kwe ikus ds fy, vko';d dsUnzkfHkeq[k cy ukfHkd dk
2π
bysDVªkWu ij fLFkj oS|qr vkd"kZ.k ls feyrk gSA (Read the passage : According to Bohr's atomic model an electgron
revolves around nucleus in circular or bits of such radii that the angular momentum of electron about nucleus is
h
integral multiple of and the centrip etal force required for the circular motions of electrons in their orbits is
2π
provided by electrostotic attraction of nucleus on orbiting electrons.)
Answer the following questions on the basis of the above passage :
23. tc bysDVªkWu ,d vkjohV ls nwljs vkjchV esa tkrk gS rks ukfHkd ds ikfjr% dks.kh; laosx baVhxzy efYViy gksrk gSA (When
elctron goes from one orbit to the other, its angular momentum about nucleus changes by integral multiple of)
h 2h
(A) (B) (C) 2hπ (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
2π 2π
Ph-[ 24 ]
24. bysDVªkWu&ukfHkd flLVe dk fLFkr~ oS|qr fLFkfrt ÅtkZ gksrh gS
The electrostatic potential energy of electron nucleus system is
(A) iksthfVo (Positive) (B) fuxsfVo (Negative) (C) 'kwU; (Zero)
(D) vkjchV esa bysDVªkWu dh pky ij fuHkZj djrk gS (Depends upon the speed of electron in its orbit.)
25. vkjchV esa bysDVªkWu ds xfrt ÅtkZ rFkk fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dk ;ksx gksrk gSA
Sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of electron in its orbit is
(A) iksthVho (Positive) (B) 'kwU; (Zero)
(C) fuxsfVo (Negative) (D) fu/kZfjr ugha gks ldrk (Cannot be deternined.)


1. Two wires of same material having lenghts in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameters in the ratio 2 : 3 are cannected in
series with an accumulator. Compute the ratio of the P.D. across the two wires.
Or,
Show that the energy stored in an inductor L, when a current 1 is established through it, is 1/2 LF/I2.
2. Use mirror formula to show that the virtual image formed by a convex mirror is always diminished in size and
is located between the focus and the pole.
3. Two bulbs rated 60W, 100 W, 100V and 30W, 100V are connected in series to 100 V supply. Which bulb will
glow more and why ?
4. Explain the term modulation. State types of modulation.
5. If the emmiter and the base of a n-p-n transistor have same doping concentration, explain how will the collector
and the base current be affected.
6. Why does the electric field inside a dielectric decrease when it is placed in an external electric field ?
7. State the huygen's principle and give geometrical construction for wave front.
m
8. Prove that ρ = 2 , where, m = mass of an electron, e= charge on an electron, n = number of electrons per
ne τ
unit volume of the conductor. τ = relaxation time.
9. fØ;k'khyrk dks ifjHkkf"kr djsa rFkk bldk S.I. ek=kd crk;sa A nks vyx&vyx jsfM;ks,fDVo inkFkZ] ftldk v¼Zdky T1 rFkk
T2 gS] ds vfo?kfVr ik=keq[kh dh fooj.k Øe'k% ,d gSA buds la[;k ds vuqikr dh x;h fdlh fu;r le; ij djsa A
Define the term 'Activity' of a radioactive substance, State its S.I. unit. To different radioactive elements with
half lives T1 and T2 have N1 and N2 (undecayed atoms respectively present at a given instant. Determine the
ratio of their activities at this instant.
10. fdlh lekukUrj IysV okys la?kud dh {kerk dk O;atd izkIr djsa A
Obtain an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
11. Aray of light is incident on a refracting surface of refractive index µ. If f1 and f2 are the first and second focal
lengths, show that f2 + µ.f1 = 0
Ph-[ 25 ]
12. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a glass prism. Hence obtain the relation for
the angle of deviation in terms of the angle of incidence, angle of emergence and the angle of prism.
1½+1½=3
(b) A right angled isosceles glass prism is made from glass of refractive index I.5. Show that a ray of light
incident normally on
(i) One of the equal sides of this prism is deviated through 90º.
(ii) The hypotenuse of this prism is deviated through 180º 1+1=2
Or,
(a) With the help of a lebelled ray diagram, show the image formation by a compound microscope. Derive an
expression for its magnifying power. 2+1=3
(b) How does the resolving power of a compund microscope get affected on
(i) decreasing the diameter of its objective ?
(ii) increasing the focal length of its objective ? 1+1=2
13. What is the photoelectric effect and how did Einstein explain it ? 5 mark
Or,
Define capacitance of a capacitor. Give its S. I. unit. Prove that the total electrostatic energy stored in a parallel
plate capacitor is 1/2 CV2. Hence derive the expression for the energy density of a capacitor.
14. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field. ½+½+2+1½
(i) Show that no net force acts on it
(ii) Obtain an expression for torque acting on it.
(iii) The dipole is aligned parallel to the field. Calculate the work done in rotating it through 180º.
1+2+2=5
Or,
(i) Derive an expression for the energy stored in parallel plate capacitor with air as medium between the
plates. 2
(ii) Air is replaced by a dielectric medium of dielectric constant k. How does it change the total energy of the
capacitor. 2+1=3
15. State Gauss's threorem. Apply this theorem to obtain the expression for the electric field intensity at a point due
to an infinitely long, thin, uniformaly charged straight wire. 2+3=5
Or,
Write down the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. Derive an expression for the capaci-
tance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric medium between its plates and also derive an expression for
the energy stored in the above case. 1+2+2=5

Ph-[ 26 ]
MODEL SET ( iz k :i i=k ) –III
SECTION ([k.M) –I

correct answer.
1. izdk'k o"kZ ek=kd gSaµ(Light year is the unit of–)
(A) nwjh dk (Distance) (B) le; dk (Time)
(C) ÅtkZ dk (Energy) (D) izdk'k dh rhozrk dk (Intancity of light)
2. tc 'osr izdk'k dh fdj.k ysal esa izos'k djrk gS rks mlds fuEu esa ifjorZu gksrk gSµ
When a ray of light (white) enters a lens, it under goes a change in
(A) rjaxnSè;Z esa (Wave congth only) (B) dksdy osx esa (Velocity only)
(C) vko`fÙk esa (frquency only) (D) osx vkSj rjaxnSè;Z (both velocity and wavelength)
3. fuEu esa ls dkSu fo|qr {ks=k dh rhozrk dk ek=kd gSµ (Which one of the following is the unit of electricfied a intencity)
(A) dwyEc (Coulomb) (B) U;wVu (Newton) (C) oksYV (Volt) (D) N-C
4. fdlh fn;s x;s nwjh ij fLFkr nks bysDVªksohp fØ;k'khy xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy ,oa fo|qrh; cy Øe'k% Fg rFkk Fe gks rks Fg/Fe
dk vuqikr gksxkµ (Fg and Fe represent the gravitational and electrostagific forces respectively between two
electrons situated at some distance, the ratio of Fg/Fe is of the order of)
(A) 9.8 (B) 109 (C) 1042 (D) 10–42
5. izdk'k dh fdj.k tc ,d ekè;e ls nwljs ekè;e esa xeu djrh gS rks budk fuEu esa ls ugha cnyrk gS %µ
When light travels from one medium to an other, which of the following does not change–
(A) vko`fÙk (Frquency) (B) viorZukad (refractive) (C) osx (velocity) (D) rjaxnSè;Z (wavelength)
6. tc fdlh vdsys iM+s R1 f=kT;k ds xksys dks R2 f=kT;k ds Hkwfexr [kks[kys xksys ls ?ksjs tkrk gS rks mlds {kerk es n xq.k dh
o`f¼ gks tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr es nksuks xksys dss f=kT;kvks dk vuqikr gksxk (Capacity of an isolated sphere is increased n
times when it is enclosed by an earthed concentric sphere. The ratio of their radii is :)
n2 n 2n 2n + 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n −1 n −1 n +1 n +1
7. ;a=k ds Mcy fLyV iz;ksx esa fLyV ds chp dh nwjh d, fLyV ,oa insZ ds chp dh nwjh α gSA λ rjaxnSè;Z okys izdk'k ds
dkj.k izfr yEckbZ ds fy, fÚtksa dh la[;k gksxhµ
Between the slits is d, the distance between the slits and the screen is α . With light of wave length λ, the
number of tringes of observed per meter on the screen will be–
Dλ Dα α λd
(A) (B) (C) (D)
α λ Dλ D
Ph-[ 27 ]
8. ,d ljy js[kk ij cjkcj nwjh ij fLFkr rhu fcUnqvksa ij Øe'k% +3q, +q vkSj Q vkos'k j[ks tkrs gSaA vxj +q ij dqy ifj.kkeh
dy 'kwU; gks rks Q dk uke gksxkA (Three chagres +3q, +q and Q are placed on a st. line with equal separation.
In order to make the net force on q to be zero, the value of Q will be)
(A) +3q (B) +2q (C) –3q (D) –49
9. R vkse izfrjks/ okys dks [khap dj nqxqus yEckbZ dk dj fn;k tkrk gS rks bl fLFkfr esa rkj dk izfrjks/ gksxkµThe resis-
tance of wire is R ohm. The wire is stretched to double its length. Now the resistance of the wire will be come–
R R
(A) Ω (B) 2R Ω (C) 4R Ω (D) Ω
2 4
10. X- fdj.kksa ds vkfo"dkjd gSaµ (X-rays were discovered by)
(A) dsdjy (Becquerel) (B) eSjhD;wjh (Marie curie) (C) jatu (Roentgen) (D) Hkku ykW (Van Law)
II. ç'u la [;k 11 ls 15 es a dFku&I ,oa dFku&II fn, x, gS a ] fn, x, pkj fodYiks a es a ,d lgh fodYi gS A tks dFku
dk lgh o.kZ u djrk gS A
Questions No. 11 to 15 contain Statement–I and Statement–II. Of the four choices given, choose the
one that best describes the two statements. 5×1=5
(A) dFku&I rFkk dFku&II lR; gSa vkSj dFku&II }kjk dFku&I dh O;k[;k gksrh gS A
Statements–I is true and Statement–II is true, but Statement–II is a correct explaination of Statement–I.
(B) dFku&I lR; rFkk dFku&II lR; gS ij dFku&II }kjk dFku&I dh O;k[;k ugha gksrh gS A
Statements–I is true and Statement–II is true, but Statement–II is not a correct explaination of
Statement–I.
(C) dFku Statement &I lgh gS] ij dFku&II vlR; gS A (Statement I is true but statement II is false.)
(D) dFku&I xyr gS] ij dFku&II lR; gS A (Statement II is false but statement I is true.)
11. dFku&I : ehVj czht iz;ksx esa vKkr izfrjks/ ds fy, 'kwU; fo{ksi dh fLFkfr dks ekik x;kA vc izekf.kd izfrjks/ dk eku ?kVkrs
gq, ,oa vKkr izfrjks/ dks mPprj rkiØe okys vuqyXud ds lkFk j[kk x;k vkSj iz;ksx dks nqgjk;k x;k rks 'kwU; fo{ksi dh
fLFkfr dk fcUnq iwoZor ik;k x;kA
dFku&II : /krq dk rkiØe o nkus ls mldk izfrjks/ c<+rk gSA
Statement-I : In a Meter Bridge experiment, null point for an unknown resistance is measured. Now, the
unknown resistance is put inside an enclosure maintained at a higher temp. The null point con be obtained at the
same point as before by decreasing the value of the standerd resistance.
Statement-II : Resistance of a metal increases with in crease in temperature.
12. dFku&I : py dq.Myh xSyosuksehVj dh lqxzkgdrk dks c<+kus gsrq DokW;y ds eè; esa ,d mi;qDr pqEcdh; inkFkZ dks dksj
ds :i esa O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA
dFku&II : eqyk;e yksgs dh pqEcd'khyrk vf/d gksrh gS vkSj bls vkxkeh pqEcdh; ;k vpqEcdh; ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Statement-I : The sensitiviry of a moving coil galvanometer is increased by placing a suitable megnetic material
as a core in side the will.
Statement-II : Soft iron has ligh megnetic permeability and can not be easily megnetized or demagnetized.
13. dFku&I : vxj X- fdj.k uyh esa mÙkstd foHko dks c<+k;k tkrk gS rks dqyh dks uyh ls vkusokyh X-fdj.kksa dk rjaxnSè;Z
cnyrk ugha gSA
dFku&II : vxj X-uyh esa vkjksf"kr foHkokUrj dks c<+k;k tkrk gS rks mRlftZr fofdj.k dh rhozrk vifjofrZr jgrh gSA
Statement-I : If the acceprating potential in a x-ray tube is increased, the cut off manelergth of x-rays coming
from coolidge tube does not change.
Statement-II : If the potential difference applied to x-ray tube is increased, the intersity of emitted radia from
remains in changed.
Ph-[ 28 ]
14. dFku&I : fo|qr ea izsjdRo nzO;eku ds ln`'k gksrk gSA
dFku&II : vf/d nzO;eku dk gksuk xfr dh {kerk dks de djrk gSA izjs dRo Hkh vkos'k dks egÙke xfr izkIr djus ls jksdrk gSA
Statement-I : In electricity inducter is similar to mass.
Statement-II : Greater the mans, lessor, the obility to be motion. Induetance also delays the charge to reach
maximum value.
15. dFku&I : fo|qrh; ifjiFk esa O;ogkfjd rkSj ij i`Foh 'kwU; foHko ij ekuk tkrk gSA
Q
dFku&II : fdlh R f=kT;k o Q le:i vkos'k okys xksys ds lrg ij fo|qr foHko 4πε R .
0
Statement-I : For practical purposes, the earth is used as a refrence at zero potential in electric circuit.
Statement-II : The electrical potential of a shpere of radius R with charge Q uniformly distributed on the
Q
surface is given by 4πε R .
0
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. fp=k esa {ks=k dh js[kk dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA ;g js[kk ftl {ks=k dks iznf'kZr ugha djrk gS og gSµ )a field line the shown
inthe fig. this filed can not represent.)
(A) pqEcdh; {ks=k (Magnetic field) (B) LFkSfrd fo|qr~ {ks=k (Electrostatic field)
(C) miikfnr fo|qr (Indueted electric field)
(D) fLFkj nzO;eku ds dkj.k mRiUu xq#Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k (Gravitational field of mass at rest.)
17. fp=k esa {ks=k ds oØ dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA ;g ftl {ks=k dks iznf'kZr djrk gS og gS (A field curve is shown in the
fig. This field can repress out.)
(A) pqEcdh; {ks=k (Magnetic field) (B) LFkSfrd fo|qr {ks=k (Electrostatic field)
(C) miikfnr fo|qr {ks=k (Induced electric field)
(D) fLFkj nzO;eku ds dkj.k mRiUu xq#Rokd"kZ.k {ks=k (Gravitational field of mass at rest.)
18. buesa VªkWUliQeZj gS@gSaµ (In Trasformer is/are)
(A) rkez {k; (copper loss) (B) ykSg {k; (Iron loss)
(C) ,Y;qfefu;e {k; (Alluminium loss) (D) lHkh (All)
IV. ç'u la [;k 19 ls 22 rd ds nks LrEHk-II ls lgh fodYi pq udj LrEHk-I ds lkFk eS p djuk gS A
Column–I Column–II
19. ,d fLFkj foHkokUrj okys cSVªh vkSj mnklhu la?kud dks pkyd (A) fLFkj /kjk rkj ls izokfgr gksrh gSA (A constant
ds fljksa ij tksM+k tkrk gSA (A fully discharged capaciter and a current flows through the wire.
battery of constant Emf. is connected to the end of the wire.)
20. le:i pqEcdh; {ks=k esa fLFkr ,d rkj dks viuh yEckbZ dks ,d (B) rkj esa rkih; ÅtkZ mRiUu gksrh gSA (Thermal
fljs ds ifjrk {ks=k ds yEcor~ ry esa ?kqek;k tkrk gSA (The wire energy is genrated in the wire.)
is rotated about one end of its length with constant angular
`velocity in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the
plane of motion.
21. rkj dks v¼Zo`Ùk ds :i esa eksM+k tkrk gS vkSj blds O;kl dks (C) rkj fljksa ds chp fLFkj foHkokUrj mRiUu gksrk
fo|qr~ {ks=k ds yEcor~ j[kk tkrk gS (The wire is bent into a gSA (A constant potential difference deve-
semi circular ring aned placed in a constant electric field lops between the ends of the wire.
with its diameter perpendicular to electric field)
22. A.C. fo|qr Jksr dks rkj ds fljksa ls tksM+k tkrk gS (A A.C. (D) rkj ds fljksa ds chp fLFkj ifjek.k esa vkos'k
current source is conncted to the end of the wire. mRiUu gksrk gSA (Charge of constant magni
tude appear at the inds of the wire.)
Ph-[ 29 ]
izFke mÙksftr Li"V VªkUliQj djrk gS vkj iQksVkWu mRlftZr djrk gS lIre mÙksftr LVsV esa fLFkr fgfy;e vk;u bl
mRlftZr iQksVkWu dk vo'kksf"kr djrk gS vo'kks"k.k ds ckn fgfy;e vk;u lIre mÙksftr LVks ls Nf DokVe uEcj okys mPpÙkj
mÙksftr LVsV esa dwnrk gSA
Pragraph : A hydrogen octum in third excited state makes a transtion to first excited state and emit
photon. This emitted photon is absorbed by He+ ion which was already in seventh excited state. After absorp-
tion of photon He+ ion jumps from seventh excited state to heigher excited state having quantum number ns.
23. fgfy;e vk;u esa nf DokaVe uEcj dh ifj.kkeh la[;k gksxhA
The quantum number nf of the state finally populated in He+ ion.
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 16 (D) 20
24. n`'; izdk'k dk ,d iQksVkWu 'P' fgfy;e vk;u mRlftZr dj fuEu Lrj esa dwnrk gS A x|ka'k esa of.kZr vk/kj ij bl iQksVkWu
dh ÅtkZ fgfy;e vk;u }kjk vo'kksf"kr iQksVkWu dh ÅtkZ ds yxHkx rqY; gSA rks iQksVkWu 'P' dk rjaxnSè;Z yxHkx gksxkµ
Now He+ ion jumps to lower state by imitting single photon 'P' of visible light. The energy satatis photon is as
possible as close to energy of the obsorbed photon by He+ ion (as mentioned in paragraph). Then wave length
of the photon 'P' is nearly.
(A) 6760 Å (B) 5000 Å (C) 4480 Å (D) 3500 Å
25. N = 4 bysDVªkWu ds fy, gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dh xfrt ÅtkZ vkSj fgfy;e vk;u dh xfrt ÅtkZ dk vuqikr P1 gSA n = 6 bysDVªkWu
P1
ds fy, gkbMªkstu ijek.kq vkSj fgfy;e vk;u dh xfrt ÅtkZ dk vuqikr P2 gS rks dk eku gksxkµ
P2
The ratio of K.E. of the n = 4 electron for H atom to that He+ ion is P1 and the ratio of the total energy of
P1
n = 6 electron for H atom to that of He+ ion is P2 then ratio of is.
P2
9 4
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 4
4 9
SECTION ([k.M)µII
NON-OBJECTIVE (xSj &oLrqfu"B)


1. v¼Z vk;q rFkk fu|ru fLFkjkad esa D;k laca/ gSA nzO;eku&=kqfV dks ifjHkkf"kr djsAa
What is the relationship between Half life and Decay constant? Define mass defect?
2. isYVh;j izHkko dks fy[ksa ,oa O;k[;k djsa A
(State and explain Pelteir effect.)
Ph-[ 30 ]
3. ,d lh/s rkj ls 3 ,Eih;j dh /kjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA rkj ls 10 ,Eih;j dh nwjh ij mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks=k dks ifjek.k dks
Kkr djsa A pqEcdh; {ks=k dh fn'kk dks iznf'kZr djus gsrq ,d vkjs[k [khaps A
A straight wire carries a current of 3 A. Calculate the magnifield of the magnitic field at a point 10 emp. away
from the wire. Draw a diagram to show the direction of the magnetic field.
4. dyj CykbaMusl D;k gS \ bldks dSls mPpkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
What is colour blindness ? How can it be cured ?
5. LoPN vkjs[k dh enn ls VSutSUV xSydsuks ehVj dh fØ;k dh O;k[;k djsa A
With the help of a diagram explain the working of a tangent galvanometer ?
6. foHkoekih ds fl¼kar dh fy[ksa rFkk budh enn ls fdlh lsy ds vkarfjd izfrjks/ Kkr djus dk ifjiFk vkjs[k cukosa A
State the principle of potantionant. Draw a circuit to determine internal desistance of a call.
h
7. (a) Show that the de Broglie wavelength 1 of electrons of energy E is given by the relation λ =
2m E
(b) The threshold frequency for certain metal is 3 × 1014 Hz. If light of frequency 8.2 × 1014 Hz is incident
on the metal, predict the cut off voltage for photoelectric emission. (h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js).
+ 10 x 10-8 rFkk -4 x 10-8 dqyEc ds nks fcUnq vkos'k 70 lseh- dh nwjh ij gok esa j[s gSaA
(i) bl ljapuk ds fo|qrh; fLFkfrt mQtkZ dh x.kuk djsaA
(ii) fo|qrh; foHko dh x.kuk ds fy,k lanfHkZr fcUnq dh D;ksa vko';drk gksrh gSA
8. fn;s x, ifjiFk esa izfrjks/ R ds nksuksa Nksjksa ds chp mRiUu gksus okys rjax&vkd`fÙk dks [khaps rFkk mlds Lo:i
ds dkj.k dks le>k,aA
Draw and explain the output waveform across the load resistor R, if the input waveform is as shown in the
given figure.
9- xksyh; foiFku dks dSls de fd;k tk ldrk gS A

How can spherical aberration be minimized?
10. jsfM;ks ,fDVfoVh ds fu;eksa dh O;k[;k djsa A
Give an account of the laws of radioactivity.
11. fUkEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks dks le>k,¡ %µ
(i) Hkw&rjaxas (ii) varfj{k rjaxs (iii) vdk'kh; rjaxs A
Explain the following terms:
(i) Ground waves (ii) Sky waves (iii) Space waves
Ph-[ 31 ]
12. mQtkZ&iV~Vh D;k gS\ blds vk/kj ij pkyd] v¼Zpkyd o dqy pkyd esa varj djsaA fdlh v¼Zpkyd ds
izfrjks/ rkieku esa ifjorZu ds lkFk fdl rjg cnyrk gS] le>k,¡A
What are energy bands in solids? How semiconductor, metal and Insulators can be classified on the basis
of band theory. Explain variation of resistance with temperature in case of semi conductor with reference to
conductor. 1+2+3=5
Or,
dykUrj vkjs[k D;k gksrk gS\ bldh enn ls fdlh izR;korhZ /kjk izokfgr L-C-R ifjiFk ds ^îzfrckèkk** gsrq
O;atd izkIr djsaA
,d Js.khc¼ L-C-R ifjiFk esa izsjd] la/=kd rFkk izfrjks/ ds nksuksa Nksj ij ukih xbZ foHkokUrj Øe'k% 30
V, 30 V rFkk 60V gSA bl ifjiFk esa vkjksfir foHko o izokfgr /kjk ds chp D;k dkykukUr gS\
What is a phasor diagram? With its help, derive an expression for the impedance of an ac series L-C-R
circuit. In series LCR circuit, voltages across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30v, 30v and 60v
respectively. What is the phase difference between the applied voltage and current in the circuit.
1+1+2+1=5
13. xkWl izes; dh enn ls fdlh vfo"V le:i vkosf'kr xksykdkj pkyd ds fdlh ckgjh fcUnq ij fo|qr rhozrk
dh x.kuk djas rFkk fn[kk,a fd fdlh ckgjh fcUnq ds fy, xksys dk iw.kZk vkos'k mlds dsUnz ij fLFkr ekuk tk
ldrk gSA vkosf'kr [kks[kys xksys ds Hkhrj fo|qr {ks=k lHkh LFkkuksa ij D;ksa 'kwU; gksrk gSA
Using Gauss’s theorem, show mathematically that for any point outside the shell, the field due to a uniformly
charged thin spherical shell is the same as if the entire charge of the shell is concentrated at the centre. Why
do you expect the electric field inside the shell to the zero according to this theorem? 3+2=5
Or,
Loizsj.k dh ?kVuk le>k,¡ vkSj Loizsj.k xq.kkad dh ifjHkk"kk nsaA ,d N ?kqeko okyh L yEckbZ rFkk r f=kT;k ds
ifjukfydk ds fy, LoizsjdRo dh x.kuk djsa
Define self-inductance and give its S.I. unit. Derive an expression for self inductance of a long, air-cored
solenoid of length l, radius r, and having N number of turns. 2+1+2=5
14. (i) lefoHkoh ry ls vki D;k le>rs gSa A bldh fo'ks"krkvksa dks fy[ksa A
(ii) fo|qrh; {ks=k dh rhozrk ,oa foHko esa lEcU/ iksyj rFkk funsZ'kkad T;kfefr esa LFkkfir djsa A
(i) What are equipotential surfaces ? Discuss its properties. 1+1=2
(ii) Derive an expression for relation between electric potential and field in certesian and polar
co-ordinater. 2+1=3
Ph-[ 32 ]
Or,
iznZf'kr fd, x, fuEufyf[kr cukoV esa ls dkSu&dkSu laHko ugha gSa \ vius mÙkj dk dkj.k fy[ksa A
Which among the curves shown in the figure cannot possibly represent electrostatic field lines .Give reason
for your answer. 1+1+1+1+1=5
15. fdlh ukHkfd; fj,DVj dk lajpuk o cukoV dks le>k,¡ A

Explain a nuclear reactor in detail. 5
Or,
(I) ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k A + B = C +D esa A, B, C ,oa D dh ca/u ÅtkZ Øe'k% EA, EB, EC ,oa ED gSaA
bl vfHkfØ;k esa eqDr ÅtkZ Kkr djsa A
(II) fdlh uewus esa ckgj ls izfr ,dkad le; esa n ukfHkd j[ks tk jgsa budk {k;kad λ gS A le; t = 0
ij ukfHkdksa dh la[;k N0 gS A le; t ij budh la[;k crk,¡ A
(I) Find the energy released in the nuclear reaction A = B = C + D the binding energies of A, B, C are EA,
EB , EC and ED . 3
(II) Nuclei are being added at the rate n nuclei per second in a sample. Its decay constant is λ At t = 0,
the number of nuclei is N0. Determine the number at time t. 2
Or,
fdlh lapkj pSuy ds p;u ds fy, mi;qDr fdUgha nks dkjdksa dk uke crk,¡ A ljy fp=k dh enn ls λ
lek{kh; dscqy dk lapkj pSuy ds :i esa mi;ksx dks le>k,¡ A lek{kh; dscqy dh D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa A
Name two factors which determine the choice of a communication channel. Explain the use ofcoaxial
cables as a communication channel with the help of its simple diagram. What are the advantages of coaxial
cable? 2+2+1=5

Ph-[ 33 ]
MODEL SET ( iz k :i i=k ) –IV
SECTION ([k.M) –I

correct answer.
1. ukHkdh; lay;u (Fusion) dh fØ;k mPp rki ij gksrh gS] D;ksafdµ(Fusion taken place at high temperature because:)
(A) ijek.kq mPp rki ij gh vk;fud`r gksrs gSa (atoms are ionised at high temperature)
(B) v.kq mPp rki ij VwVrs gSaA (molecules break u p at high temperature)
(C) ukfHkd mPp rki ij VwVrk gSA (nuclei break up at high temperature)
(D) mPp xfrt mQtkZ ukfHkdh;&fod"kZ.k ds cy ds foijhr ukfHkdksa dks ikl ysus ds fy, vko';d gksrh gSA (kinetic
energy is high enough toi overcome repulsion between nuclei.)
2. fdlh f}/zqo dks ,d le:i fo|qrh; {ks=k esa j[kk x;k rks ml ij ifj.kkeh fo|qrh; cy gksxkµ
If an electric dipole is kept in a uniform electric field then resultant electric force on it, is
(A) ges'kk 'kwU; (always zero) (B) dHkh 'kwU; ugha (never zero)
(C) f}/zqo dh {kerk ij fuHkZj djrk (depends upon capacity of dipole)
(D) dksbZ ugha (none)
3. L–C–R ifjiFk esa fo|qr vuqukn gksus ds fy, vko';d gSµ (In L–C–R circuit to produce resonance—)
1 1
(A) ωc = (B) ω c = (C) ω = ωC d (D) None
ωC ωC
4. ,d lqpkyd NM+ dks fu;e osx ( V ) ls fdlh pqEcdh; {ks=k ( B ) esa ?kqek;k tkrk gSA NM+ ds nksuksa fljksas ds chp foHkokUrj
iSnk gksxk tcµ (A conducting rod is rotated in uniform magnetic force field ( B ) with constant velocity ( V ) . The
p.d. is developed between ends of rod when—)
(A) V II l (B) V II B (C) l II B (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
5. nks izsjd L1 rFkk L2 dks lekukUrj Øe esa tksM+k tkrk gS rFkk fp=kkuqlkj ,d izR;korhZ /kjk ifjiFk ls cgrh gS rks fdlh fu;r
le; ij fo/qr /kjk dk vuqikr (i1/i2) gksxkµ
Two inductros L1 and L2 are connected in parallel and a time varying current flows. The ratio of (i1/2) at any
time t is i1 and i2 are currents through L1 and L2 respectively.
L21 L22
(A) L1 /L2 (B) L2/L1
( 1 2)
(C) L + L 2
( 1 2)
(D) L + L 2
Ph-[ 34 ]
6. ck;ujh la[;k fl¼kUr esa 111 fu:fir djrk gSµ
Inbinary system 111 represents—
(A) ,d (1) (B) rhu (3) (C) lkr (7) (D) 100 (100)
7. cgqeqY; uxksa (iRFkjksa) dh igpku esa dkSu&lgk;dr gksrh gSµ
Which of the following help us for recognition of precious stone ?
(A) vYVªkHkk;ysV fdj.k (Ultravoilet rays) (B) vojDr fdj.ksa (Infrared)
(C) x-ray (x-rays) (D) dksbZ ugha (none)
8. ;fn nks lqpkyd xksys vyx&vyx vkosf'kr djus ds ckn ijLij tksM+ fn;s tk;sa rksµ
If two conducting spheres are connected after charging separately then—
(A) nksuksa xksyksa dh mQtkZ lajf{kr jgsxh (both sphere energy will remain conserved)
(B) nksuksa dk vkos'k lajf{kr jgrk gS (both charge remains conserved)
(C) mQtkZ ,oa vkos'k nksuksa lajf{kr jgsaxs (both energy & charge remain conserved)
(D) dksbZ ugha (none)
9. NOR gate dk ykWftd ladsr gSµ (The logic symbol of NOR gate is—)
(A) (B) (C) (D)

10. U;wfDy;j MsUlhVh dk Øe gksrk gSµ (The order of nuclear density is —)
(A) 103 (B) 1017 (C) 106 (D) dksbZ ugha
statements. 5×1=5
11. dFku (Statement)&I : [krjs dk Signal lkekU;r% yky jax ds gksrs gSaA (Danger signal are made of red colour.)
dFku (Statement)&II : yky izdk'k dh pky lcls vf/d vkSj va/sjs esa T;knk n`'; gksrk gSA (Velocity of red light is mex
and more visible in dark.)
12. dFku (Statement)&I : vk;ke eksMqys'ku dks VªkaftLVj dh enn ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA (Am (amplitude modulation)
canbe obtained by using a transistor.)
dFku (Statement)&II : vk;ke eksMy q 's ku dks izkIr djus gsrq /ukRed iqfuZofs 'kor (iQhMcSd) djuk iM+rk gSA (There is
need of positive feedback to obtain AM.)
13. dFku (Statement)&I : 60º ds ijkoZru dks.k rFkk 2 vioZrukad okys fizTe ds fy, U;wure fo{ksi 30º gSA (For a prism
of refracting angle 60º and refractive index, µ = 2 , the Minimum deviation is 30º
A A
dFku (Statement)&II : U;wure fo{ksi ds fy, r1 = r2 = = 30º (Atminimum deviation, r1 = r2 = = 30º)
2 2
14. dFku (Statement)&I : iksVsf'k;ksaehVj fo|qrokgd cy ekirk gSA (Potentiometer measures emf.)
dFku (Statement)&II : oksYVehVj foHkokUrj ekirk gSA (Voltmeter measures potential difference.)
Ph-[ 35 ]
15. dFku (Statement)&I : Js.khc¼ izfrjks/dksa dk dqy izfrjks/ O;fDrxr izfrjks/ ls vf/d gksrk gSA (Total resistance of
resistances in series is greater than individual values.)
dFku (Statement)&II : ik'oZc¼ izfrjks/dksa dk dqy izfrjks/ O;fDrxr izfrjks/ksa ls de gksrk gSA (Total resistance of
resistances in parallel is smaller than the individual values.)
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3 × 1 = 316.
gkbMªkstu ijek.kq ds fy, izR;qDr ckjs ds fl¼kUr ds vuqlkj] fdlh n esa Orbit esa vofLFkr bysDVªkWu
According to Bohr's theory of h ydrogen atom
(A) dk laosx (1/n) ds lekuqikfr gksrk gSA (linear momentum is proportionel to 1/n)
(B) ds Orbit dh f=kT;k (n) ds lekuqikrh gksrk gSA (the radius is proportionel to n)
(C) dh xfrt mQtkZ ds (1/n2) ds lekuqikrh gksrk gSA (the K.E. is proportional to 1/n2)
(D) dks.kh; laosx (1/n2) ds lekuqikrh gksrk gSA (the angular momentum is proportional to n)
⎛ 3⎞
17. A point object is placed at 30 cm from a convex glass lens ⎜ µ8 = ⎟ of focal length 20 cm. The final image of
⎝ 2⎠
object will be formed at infinity if :
(A) another concave lens of focal length 60 cm is placed in contact with the previous lens
(B) another conves lens of focal length 60 cm is placed at distance of 30 cm from the first lens
(C) the whole system is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 4/3
(D) the whole system is immersed ina liquid of refractive index 9/8
18. ;fn dksbZ fLFkj vkosf'kr d.k fdlh fo|qr pqEcdh; cy dk vuqHko ugha djrk gks rks
If a charged particle at rest experiences no electromagnetic force then ?
(A) fo|qr {ks=k vo'; 'kwU; gksxk (Electric field must be zero)
(B) pqEcdh; {ks=k vo'; 'kwU; gksxk (Magnetic field must be zero)
(C) fo|qr {ks=k 'kwU; gks Hkh ldrk vkSj ugha Hkh (Electric field may or may not be zero)
(D) pqEcdh; {ks=k 'kwU; gks Hkh ldrk gS vkSj ugha Hkh (Magnetic field may or may not be zero)
dkWye (Column)–I dkWye (Column)–II
19. cy js[kk,¡ lrg ij yEcor~ gS ((Lines of force are normal to surface) (A) pkyd (Conductor)
20. foHko iru dh nj egÙke gS (B) lefoHkoh ry
(Rate of potential fall is maximum) (equipotential surface)
21. lHkh fcUnq ,d gh foHko ij gS (C) fo|qr {ks=k dh fn'kk esa
(All the points are at the same) (in the direction of electri field)
22. fn;k x;k vkos'k ckgjh ry ij gS (D) fo|qr {ks=k dh rhozrk 'kwU; gS
(Given charge is on outer surface) (electric field intensity is zero)
x|ka ' kµ;fn nks rjaxs ftuds vk;ke a rFkk b gS] vè;kjksiu djrh gS vkSj ifj.kkeh vk;ke A gS rc
A= a 2 + b 2 + 2ab cos φ tgk¡ φ ,d dyk fu;rkad gSA izdk'k dh rhozrk (I)] vk;ke ds oxZ ds vuqØekuqikrh gSA
I s A2
Ph-[ 36 ]
vFkkZr~ 1 s a2 + b2 + 2ab cos φ ; laiks"kh O;fDrdj.k dh fLFkfr esa cos φ = 2nπ; Imax = k (a + b)2
tcfd fu'kdkjh O;fDrdj.k esa Imin = k (a – b)2 ;fn nks dyk lEcU/ izdk'k lzksrksa ls izkIr izdk'k rjaxksa ds rhozrkvksa dk
vuqikr 81 : 1 tks O;fDrdj.k djrh gS rks lwpuk ds vk/kj ij fuEufyf[kr iz'u esa mÙkj nsaA
If two waves having amplitudes a and b make superposition the resultant amplitude A is given as
A=1 a 2 + b 2 + 2ab cos φ where φ is phase constant. The intensity (I)2 is directly proportional to
square of amplitude. I α A2 I.e. I α (a2 + b2 + 2ab cos φ )
In case of constructive interference cos φ = 2np. Imax = k (a + b)2
While in case of destructive interference Imax = k (a – b)2
Light wave from two coherent sources of intensity ratio 81 : 1 produce interference. Using these information
choose correct answer in the following.
23. egÙke vkSj U;wure rhozrkvksa dk vuqikr gksxkµ (The ratio of maxima and minima in the interference pattern is.)
(A) 9 : 1 (B) 81 : 1 (C) 25 : 16 (D) 16 : 25
24. nks izdk'k lzksr ds vk;keksa ds vuqikr gSaµ (The ratio of amplitudes of light waves from two sources is —)
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 2
25. nks lzksr ds vk;keksa ds vuqikr gSaµ (The ratio of amplitudes of two sources is —)
(A) 9 : 1 (B) 81 : 1 (C) 1 : 9 (D) 1 : 81


1. fuEufyf[kr dks le>k,¡µ (Explain the following terms)
(i) Hkw&rjaxas (Ground waves) (ii) varfj{k rjaxs (Sky Waves) (ii) vkdk'kh; rjaxsa (Spaces waves)
2. fdlh lekukUrj IysVksa okys la?kud ds fy, fuEufyf[kr fLFkfr;ksa essa /kfjrk dk O;atd fy[ksµ
a
Write an expression for capacitor of a parallel plats capitor.
(i) tc IysVksa ds chp dksbZ K ijkoS|qrkad okyk ekè;e Hkjk gks (When a dietectric medium of district constant K
is completely imested between plate of the capaitor.
(ii) tc IysVksa ds chp t pkSMk+ bZ (t < d, d = la?kud ds nksuksa IysVksa ds chp dh nwjh) ,oa k ijkoS|rq kad okys IysV dks Mkyk tk,A
(When a slab of thicknen t (t < d, d = separation between plate of the capacitor) and dutric costant t is
introduced between the plates.
3. jnjiQksMZ ds ukfHkd ds ikl lh/s vkifrr vYiQk fdj.k okys iz;ksx ds lanHkZ esa Û;wure utnhdh dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mldk
O;atd fudkysAa
Explain the term ‘‘distance of desert approach’’ in Ruttherford experiment and deduce the exprenion for it.
4. fdj.k&fp=k dh enn ls ,d lw{en'khZ ;k [kxksyh; nwjchu esa izfrfcEc cuus dks n'kkZ;Aas
Draw a ray diagram to show formationi of an image by a compound microscope or an astronomical telescope.
Ph-[ 37 ]
5. ukHkdh; vfHkfØ;k dh enn ls (i) vYiQk {k; rFkk (ii) chVk&{k; ds }kjk cnyus okys U;wVªku rFkk izksVªkWu ds vuqikr dks
le>k;saA (Explain with the rays of ..the following cases, how the neutron to proton ratio changer during (i) alpha-
dicay (ii) beta-decay.
6. foV&LVksu fczt ds fl¼kUr dks fy[ksaA fdlh vKkr izfrjks/ dks Kkr djus ds fy, iz;qDr ifjiFk dks n'kkZ;A
State the principle of wheat stone Bridge. Drow a circuit diagram used to evalual an unknaown resistence.
7. ;ax ds f} fNnz O;frØe.k iz;ksx esa nks lg&vk;keh izdk'k iqatksa dh rhozrk Øe'k% I rFkk I + δI gS] tgk¡ δI << I. lkfcr djsa
( δI )
2
a dh rhozrk 4I rFkk vnhIr fizQatksa dh rhozrk

fd nhIr fizQt gSA (In a double slit expriment, the two cohunt beams
4I
have slightly different intensities I and I + lI (lI << I). Show that the resultant intersity at the maxima is nearly
( δI )
2
4I while that at minima is )

4I
8. pqEcdh; 'kSfFkY; xzkiQ D;k gS\ bldh enn ls ^^/kj.k'khyrk** ,oa ^^fuxzkfgrk** dks le>k,¡A
What is hystesis loop ? Explain with the help of the graph term ‘‘retentivity’’ and ‘‘Coercivity’’.
9- fdlh vuqpEq cdRo okys inkFkZ ds pkj xq.kksa dks fy[ksa A (Give any Four properties of diamagnetic substances.)
10- pqEcdh; 'kSfFkY; xzkiQ D;k gS\ bldh enn ls /kj.k'khyrk rFkk fuxzkfgrk dks le>k,¡ A
What is hysteresis loop ? Explainwith its help the terms retentivity and coercivity.
11- fdlh vkos'k lewg }kjk ,d vkos'k ij vkjksfir cyksa ds fy, vè;kjksi.k ds fl¼kUr dks le>k,¡ A
State the superposition principle for electrostatic force on a charge due to a number of charges.

12. fo|qrh; f}/zqo ds dkj.k fdlh fcUnq P (r, Q) ij fo|qr foHko ,oa rhozrk dk O;atd Kkr djsa_ tgk¡ (r, Q) f}/zqo ds dsUnz
ls P dk /zqoh; fu;ked gSA (Calculate ...P (r, Q) due to an electric dipole.)
Or,
lkfcr djsa fd nks vkfo"V vkosf'kr la?kudksa dks rkj ls tksMu+ s ij ges'kk mQtkZ dk ßkl gksrk gSA (Prove that these in always
loss of electrostatic potential energy, when two charged capacitors are toined with wire.)
Or,
nks –e ,oa +e vkos'kksa] ftudk nzú Øe'k% m rFkk 3m gS] dks vuUr nwjh ij j[k dj NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA tc nksuksa vkos'kksa
ds chp dh nwjh r gksrks buds pky ds fy, O;atd Kkr djsaA (Calculate the speed of two charges – e and + e with
respective masses m and 2 m at a separation of r after being redused from a for-off distance.)
13. f1 rFkk f2 iQksdl nwjh okys nks ysalksa dks dqN nwjh ij j[kk tkrk gS ---------- iQksdl nwjh rFkk lerqY; ysal dh fLFkfr Kkr djsaA
An equiconvex lens with radii of culvature of magnitude r each in put over a liquid leyer poured on top of a plane
mirror. A small needle, with its tip on the principle axis of the lens is moved along .....Concider
Or,
fdlh mÙky ysal dks ,d lery niZ.k ds mQij j[kk tkrk gSA tc niZ.k ij izdk'k Mkyk tkrk gS] rks fdlh oLrq dks a dh
nwjh ij j[kus ls izfrfcEc oLrq ij gh --- ds mlh oLrq dk izfrfcEc b dh nwjh ij ,d&nwljs ls feyrk gSA bu rF;ksa ds vk/
kj ij mÙkj vioZrukad dsfy, O;atd Kkr djsaA (with the needle itself. The distance of it, needle from the lens is
measured to be ‘a’. On removing the liquid layer and repeating the experiment the distance is found to be ‘b’.
With the help of these data obtain an expression for the reflaction index of the liquid.)
Or,
gkbxsUl ds rjaxkxz fl¼kUr dks le>k,¡ rFkk bl fl¼kUr dh enn ls ijkorZu ds fu;e dks LFkkfir djsaA
Find the focal length and position of equiralent lens for a system of two lenses separated at a distance ‘d’.
Ph-[ 38 ]
Or,
Explain Huygin's principal of wavelets and on the basis of the principle establish law of reflection.
14. ok;ksV&Z lkoZV&ysiykl ds fu;e dks le>k,¡ (Explain Biot-Savart's law.)
Or,
Loizsj.k dh ?kVuk le>k,¡ vkSj Loizsj.k xq.kkad dh ifjHkk"kk nsaA ,d N ?kqeko okyh L dh yEckbZ rFkk r f=kT;k ds ifjukfydk
ds fy, LoizsjdRo dh x.kuk djsaA (Define Self-inductance and give its S.I. unit. Derive an expression for say-
inductances of a long air-Corcd Solinid of length l, radius r and having N number of turns.)
Or,
lkbDyksVªku ds cukoV] fl¼kUr o dk;Zfuf/ dh lfp=k O;k[;k djsa rFkk crk,¡ fd /u&vkosf'kr d.k dSls Rofjr gksrk gSA
Write Contruction, Principle and working of a cycle tron and explain accebration of positivel .............. practicles.
15. leku nzO;eku m ds nks fiFk ckWy leku yEckbZ l ds nks flYd /kxksa ls ,d gh fcUnq ls yVdk;s x;s gSa A nksuksa
ij leku vkos'k q fn;s tkrs gSa A (Two pith balls of equal masses m each are
suspended from a common point by silk threads,each of length l )
fn[kk;sa fd NksVs dks.k θ ds fy, buds chp dh nwjh x dk eku (They are given
1
⎛ 2
q l ⎞3
equal charges of q. Show that the seperation x between balls is) ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2p ∈0 mg ⎠
gksxk A (for small θ . )
Or, ¶vFkok¸
fn;s x;s pkyd ds nksuksa fljksa ds chp izfrjks/ Kkr djsa ;fn R ,oa r esa
vUrj cgqr de gSA
Find the resistance of the conductor shown in the figure, If the difference
between radiiR & r is very small.
Or, ¶vFkok¸
(I) fdlh oksYVk&lsy dk fo|qr okgd cy 1 oksYV gS A D;k lsy ds vUnj fo|qr {ks=k 'kwU; gS %µ
(a) tc ifjiFk [kqyk gS (b) tc can ifjiFk ls ,d le:i /kjk cgrh gS A
izR;sd ifjLFkfr esa vius mÙkj dk dkj.k Li"V djsa A (A simple voltaic cell has e.m.f. of 1V. Is there
a net field inside the cell when (i) circuit is open (ii) circuit is closed and a steady current is drawn
from it ? Explain your answer is each case.)
(II) nks ladsUnzh a rFkk b f=kT;k okys xksys ds chp ds {ks=k dks R izfrjks/drk okys ekè;e ls Hkj fn;k tkrk
gS] rks bl {ks=k ds izfrjks/ dh x.kuk djsa A (The in between space between concentric spheres of radii
a and b (when a < b) is filled with a medium of resistivity p. What is the resistance of the gap?)
(III) D;k izR;sd pqEcdh; {ks=k dh lajpuk ds fy, mÙkjh rFkk nf{k.kh /zqo dk gksuk vfuok;Z gS \ fdlh VksjkWbM
ls mRiUu fo|qrh; {ks=k ds ckjs esa vki D;k lksprs gSa A 2+1+2=5 (Is it necessary for every
magnetic field configuration to have a north pole and a south pole? What about the field due to a
toroid ?)

Ph-[ 39 ]
MODEL SET ( iz k :i i=k ) –V
SECTION ([k.M) –I

correct answer.
1. ck;ujh la[;k fl¼kar esa 111 fu#fir djrk gSµ (In binary system 111 represents–)
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 100
2. v¼±pkyd esa fo|qr pkydrk ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSµ (In semiconductors which are responsible for conduction–)
(A) dsoy bysDVªkWu (only electron) (B) bysDVªkWu rFkk gksy nksyksa (electron & holes both)
(C) dsoy gksy (only holes) (D) dksbZ ugha (none)
3. ck;ujh la[;k fl¼kar esa 111 fu#fir djrk gSµ (In binary system 111 represents–)
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 100
4. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlds mRltZu ls element esa change ugha gksrk gSµ (By emission of which of the following element
remains unchanged.)
(A) α -decay (B) β -decay (C) β – decay (D) γ -decay
5. fdlh vukosf'kr oLrq ij ,d dqyEc vkos'k gksus ds fy, mlesa ls fudkys x;s bysDVªkWuksa dh la[;k gksxhµ (The number
of electrons taken out from a body to produce 1 coulumb of change with to–)
(A) 6.25 × 1018 (B) 6.25 × 108 (C) 6.23 × 1023 (D) None
6. nks ysUl ftudh {kerk –15D rFkk +5D gS] dks la;qDr djus ij la;kstu dh iQksdl nwjh gksxhµ (Two lens of power –
15D and +5D are placed is contact co-axially. The focal length of equlvalent lens is–)
(A) –10 cm (B) –20 cm (C) +10 cm (D) none
7. oS|qr {ks=k esa fdlh f}/zqo dks ?kqekus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z gksrk gSµ (The work done in rotating an electric dipole in an
electric field is–)
(A) W = ME (1 – cos θ)(B) W = ME tan θ) (C) W = ME sec θ (D) None
8. fdlh vpkyd inkFkZ ds xksys dks vkns'k nsus ij og forfjr gksrk gSµ
If spere of bad conductor is given charge then it is distributed on–
(A) lrg ij (surface) (B) lrg ds vykok vanj Hkh (Inside the surface also)
(C) dsoy Hkhrj (only inside the surface) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
9. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldh pqEcd'khyrk vf/d gksxh \
Which of the following has higher magnetic susceptibility ?
(A) vuqpqEcdh; (diamagnetic) (B) izfr pqEcdh; (paramagnetic)
(C) ykSg pqEcdh; (ferromagnetic) (D) dksbZ ugha (None)
Ph-[ 40 ]
4 5
10. ikuh rFkk lhlk ds viorZukad Øe'k% rFkk gSA ,d izdk'k dh fdj.k lhlk ls ikuh esa tk jgh gS] rks Økafrd dks.k
3 3
4 5
gksxkµ (Refractive index of water and glasses are and - A light ray is going to water from glass. Then its
3 3
critical angle will be– )
−1 4 −1 5 −1 1 −1 2
(A) sin (B) sin (C) sin (D) sin
5 4 2 1
statements. 5×1=5
(a ) vxj nksuksa dFku lgh gS vkSj dFku II dFku I dh gh O;k[;k gSA )If both the statements are true and statement
Ii is the correct explanation of statement I.)
(b) vxj nksuksa dFku lgh gS vkSj dFku II dFku I dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA (If both the statements are true and
statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I.)
11. dFku (Statement)&I : /ukRed vkos'k dk izokg ges'kk mPp foHko ls fuEu foHko dh vksj gksrk gSA (Positive charge
always move from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential.)
dFku (Statement)&II : fo|qr foHko ,d vfn'k jkf'k gSA (Electric potential is vector quantity.)
12. dFku (Statement)–I : iqFoh dk foHko 'kwU; gksrk gSA (Electric potential is a vector quantity.)
dFku (Statement)&II : i`Foh dk fo|qrh; {ks=k 'kwU; gksrk gSA (Electric potential of earth is zero.)
13. dFku (Statement)&I : ,d lh/h ifjukfydk ftlesa /kjk cg jgh gks] ,d NM+ pqEcd ds rqY; gksrk gSA A linear solenold
carrying current equivalent to a bar magnet.)
dFku (Statement)&II : nksuksa dk pqEcdh; cy js[kk,¡ ,d gh lrg dh gksrh gSA (The magnetic field lines of both are
same.)
14. dFku (Statement)&I : [krjs dk signal lkekU;r% yky jax ds gksrs gSa (Danger signals are made of red colour.)
dFku (Statement)&II : yky izdk'k dh pky lcls vf/d vkSj va/sjs esa T;knk n{; gksrk gSA (Velocity of red light is
max and more visible in dark)
15. dFku (Statement)&I : izfrjks/ rki xq.kkad dk eku ges'kk /ukRed gksrk gSA (The tem. co-effecient of resistance is
always positive.)
dFku (Statement)&II : /krq ;k muds ,Yok; dk rki c<+kus ij mudk izfrjks/ c<+rk gSA (On increasing the temp. the
resistance of metais & alloys increases.)
dk pq uko djs a A
questions. 3×1=3
16. fdlh fcUnq ij fo|qrh; {ks=k dk eku fuHkZj djrk gSµ (Electric field intensity at a point depends upon)
(A) {ks=k vkos'k ij (Field charge) (B) VsLV vkos'k ij (Test charge)
(C) ekè;e dh fo|qr'khyrk ij (Permittivity of medium)
(D) fcUnq vkos'k rFkk VsLV vkos'k dh chp dh nwjh ij (Distance between point & test charge)
17. fjMoxZ dk mi;ksx fuEu esa ls fdlds ek=kd esa iz;ksx gksrh gSµ (Rydberg is used as unit of)
(A) rjax la[;k (Wave number) (C) rjaxnSè;Z (Wave length)
(B) ijek.kq HkkSfrdh esa ÅtkZ ds fy, (Energy in atomic physics) (D) dks.kh; laosx (Angular momentum)
Ph-[ 41 ]
18. ysM (Led) esaµ (High doping level)
(A) mPp Mksfiax ysHksy (High doping level)
(B) jhdkEchus'ku ds dkj.k izdk'k dk mRlZtu (Light is emitted due to recombination)
(C) xSfy;e vklsZukbM dk iz;ksx gksrk gS (Gallium arsenide is used)
(D) tjesfu;e rFkk flfydkWu dk iz;ksx gksrk gS (Germenium & sillicon are used)
19. LC nksyu dh vko`fÙk (Freq. of LC osc.) (A) izfrjks/dh; ifjiFk (Resistive circuit)
⎡ 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
2
20. ifjiFk dh vkSlr 'kfDr (Mean circuit power) (B) izfrck/k (Impedance) = ⎢ R + ⎜ ω l − ω C ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦
21. Js.khc¼ LCR ifjiFk (LCR in series) (C) I2 Zcos φ
1
22. LCR vuquknh ifjiFk (LCR resonant circuit) (D)
Zπ LC
lapkj i¼fr ,d lsV vi gSa ftls lwpuk dh ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd lapkfjr djus esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku
lapkj i¼fr izk;% oS|qr] bysDVªkWfud ;k izdk'kh; blesa rhu eq[; va'k gSaµVªkWUlehVj] dE;wfuds'ku pSuy rFkk fjlhHkj ,d
flXuy le; dk ,dyHkSY;w iaQD'ku gSA ;g function gj fcUnq ij ,d ;wfud eku gksrk gSA vf/dka'k speech ;k lwpuk dks
lhèks nwj rd lapkfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA blesa ekMqys'ku dh vko';drk gksrh gSA flf'kHkj esa ,d fidvi ,UVsuk] ,d
fMekMqysVj] ,d ,EiyhiQk;j rFkk VªkWUlM~;w;j gksrk gSA
A communication system is set up, used in the transmission of information from one place to another present
communication systems are generally electricak, electronic or optical. The main three parts of communicaiton
system are : Transmitter, communication channel and Reciever. A signal is defined as a single valued function
of time. This function keeps unique value at every instant of time. Most of the speech or information signals
can't be transmitted directly are a lng distance. They need modulation. The reciever consists of pick up an-
tenna, an amplifier 8 transducer. Now answer the following using these information.
23. ,d flXuy lwpuk dk ,d va'k gS ftlesae fdlh [kkl le; gksrk gSµ
A signal is a place of information, which at a particular time has–
(A) ,dy eku (single value) (B) egÙke eku (max value)
(C) U;wure eku (main value) (D) nks eku (two value)
24. dqN egRoiw.kZ lapkj pSuy gSµ
Some of the important communicaiton channels are–
(A) gok (air) (B) VªkWUlfe'ku (transmission lines)
(C) eqDr Lisl (free space) (D) lHkh (all of the above)
25. fidvi ,UVsuk] fMekMqysVj] ,d ,EIyhiQk;j vkSj ,d VªkUlM~;wlj ds vykok fjflHkj esa vko';d gksxkµ
Out of a pick up antenna, a demodulator, an amplifier and a transducer, the reciever most have.
(A) ,d dksbZ (any one) (B) dksbZ nks (any two)
(C) dksbZ rhu (any three) (D) pkjksa (All four)
Ph-[ 42 ]
1. tc nks izfr:i X ,oa Y dks ,d le:ih; pqEcdh; {ks=k esa j[kk tkrk gS] rks pqEcdh; cy&js[kk esa mRiUu foÑfr
fp=k esa n'kkZ;h x;h gS %µ A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below, when two specimens X and
Y are placed in it.
bl vk/kj ij
(i) X rFkk Y igpku djsa rFkk (Identify the two specimens S and Y.)
(ii) cy&js[kk dh foÑfr ds dkj.k dks Li"V djsa A (State the reason for the behaviour of the field lines in
X and Y.)
2. A converging and a diverging lens of equal focal lengths are placed co-axially in contact find the power and the
focal length of the combination.
3. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical teslescope in the normal adjustment position. What will be the length of
the telescope for this position.
4. What do you mean by the resolving power of optical instrument ? Write expession for resolving power of a
telescope.
5. Write equation for Rydberg's const and give its unit.
6. Compare the radii of two nuclel of mass numbers A1 & A2.
7. Define average life and half life of radio active substance. What is the relation between them.
8. If the total number of neutrons and protons in a nuclear reaction is conserved, how then is the energy absorbed
or evolved in the reaction ? Explain.
9. Draw the common emitter configuration.
10. The adjoining figure shows tracks of three charge particles 1, 2, and 3 in uniform electric field E Give the Signs
of three charges.
Write equation for transverse deflection.
Ph-[ 43 ]
11. Which of the graph represents ohmic and nonohmic material behaviour.
In which port in zener diode works ?

12. Calculate the energy in charging a conductor. Show that there is always loss in energy when two charged
bodies shared. 2+3=5
Or,
State & Prove gausses theorm. Calculate the intensity at a point outside and inside due to a charged hollow
sphere. 1+2+2=5
13. Give the theory of oscillation magnetometer. How the magnietic moments of two bar magnets are compared
without measuring moment of inertia. 2+3=5
Or,
State and explain kirchhoff's law prove the Condition of wheat-stone bridge.
14. Give the condition for sustaionable interference Calculate the conditions for maximum and minimum intensties
of du to superposition of two waves. 2+1½+1½=5
Or,
Write dwon lens makes formula, explaning each them. A lens of focal length 15 cm is dippend in water. What
3 4
is the new focal length (Given a µg = , a µ w = ). If the lens is dipped in a liquid under what condition, the rays
2 3
are not deviated. 1+1+3=5
Or,
(a) With the help of a labelle diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
one diagram =1 mark
(b) Two paralle coaxial circular coils of equals radius R and equal number of turns N carry equal currents I
in the same direction and are separated by a distance 2R. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic
field produced at the mid-point of the line joining their centres. 2 mark
15. Draw the Input/Output characteristic curve in CE mode. What do we understand by the cut off, active and
saturation states of the transistor ? 1½+1½+2=5
Or,
What is meant by the term modulation? Explain with the help of a block diagram, how the process of modulation
is carried out in radio brodcasts. what are limitations of Amplitude Modulation. 2+2+1=5

Ph-[ 44 ]
mPp ekè;fed (12oha) ijh{kk
SENIOR SECONDARY( XIITH) EXAM.
izk:i iz'u i=k mÙkj ,oa EkkfdZax Ldhe
4 vuq Ù kfjr iz k :i i=k lfgr
foKku (SCIENCE)
2010(A)
HkkS f rd 'kkL=k (Physics)] jlk;u 'kkL=k (Chemistry)]
thofoKku (Biology)] ,oa xf.kr (Mathematics).
z iz d k'kd %
fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr] iVuk
© fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr] iVuk
z ewY; %
30@& (rhl #i;s ek=k)
z eq n z d %
>kj[kaM ifCyds'ku] VkVkuxj
oS/kfud psrkouh
bl iz k:i i=k dk dksbZ Hkh va'k ;k mldk mÙkj
fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr dh iw okZ u q efr ds fcuk
eq fnz r ;k iz dkf'kr djuk n.Muh; vijk/ gks x k rFkk
dkWihjkbV vf/fu;e ds foijhr gks x k A
[ ii ]
#vè;{k dh dye ls
fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr (mPp ekè;fed) ds XIoha ,oa XIIoha ds Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks 2010 dh
okf"kZd ijh{kk ds fy, yxkrkj nwljh ckj izk:i iz'u i=k(Model Question- Answer) miyC/ djkrs gq, vikj
g"kZ gks jgk gSA lfefr dk ;g uohu igy ljdkj dh ^f'k{kk* ds ckjs esa ,d fof'k"V n`f"Vdks.k ij vk/kfjr
gSA mPp ekè;fed foKku dh i<+kbZ dks lehphu ,oa ;qfDrlaxr cukus dh fn'kk esa ;g ekSfyd iz;kl gSA jkT;
esa O;kIr 'kS{kf.kd ifjfLFkfr] vkEk Nk=kksa ds f'k{kk&Lrj ,oa ç'kklfud lhekvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,
lh- ch- ,l- bZ- ds ç'u iSVuZ esa FkksM+s la'kks/u ds lkFk bl çk:i ç'u&i=k dh lksp mHkjh gS A 2009 esa XIoha
dh ijh{kk dk çk:i ç'u&i=k miyC/ djkrs le; lfefr us r; fd;k Fkk fd 2010 dh okf"kZd ijh{kk ls Hkk"kk
fo"k;ksa dks NksM+dj lHkh foKku@[email protected]; fo"k;ksa esa [k.M& I ds :i esa oLrqfu"B ç'u gksxa ]s ftudk mÙkj
Nk=kksa dks vksñ ,eñ vkjñ (Optical Magnetic Recognition) lhV ij nsuk gksxk A 2009 dh okf"kZd ijh{kk ls gq,
vuqHko ds vk/kj ij lfefr dh ;g lksp cuh fd okf"kZd vfUre ijh{kk ls iwoZ Nk=kksa dks O.M.R. lhV dk
vH;kl T;knk ls T;knk djk;k tk, rkfd mUgsa OMR lhV Hkjus esa n{krk gkfly gks tk, vkSj os xyrh u djsaA
fiNys o"kZ rS;kj djk;s x, çk:i ç'u&i=k dh LohdkjkRedrk] dnkpkj eqDr ijh{kk rFkk Nk=kksa ds
vkRefo'okl dh c<+krs jh esa bldh mi;ksfxrk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, lfefr Nk=k laHkkj.k dk;ZØe (Student
Support Programme) ds vUrxZr bl o"kZ ,d ghs lkFk XIoha o XIIoha ds Nk=kksa ds fy, lHkh ladk; esa çk:i
ç'u&i=k miyC/ djk jgh gS A
çk:i ç'u&i=k ds ekè;e ls yxHkx 200 oLrqfu"B ,oa yxHkx 100 xSj oLrqfu"B Lrjh; ç'u nsus ds
ihNs lfefr dk eq[; mís'; jgk gSµiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dh i<+kbZ djok dj Nk=kksa esa vkRefo'okl iSnk djuk rkfd
os Lo;a esgur dj ijh{kk esa liQy gks ldsa ,oa vPNs ls vPNk vad Hkh çkIr dj ldsa A lfefr dk ekuuk
gS fd ;fn Nk=k lHkh çk:i ç'u dks gy dj i<+ ysa rFkk mudk iw.kZr;k vH;kl dj ysa rks mUgsa XIoha ;k XIIoha
Lrj ds ikB~;Øe dh f'k{kk dk ,d vkSlr ls csgrj Lrj gkfly gks tk,xk vkSj blls os viuh leLr ;ksX;rkvksa
dk leqfpr fodkl dj ldsxa s A ,sls Nk=kksa dks jkT;@ns'k ds Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvksa dk lkeuk djus esa Hkh
vkRefo'okl jgsxk A
ladk;okj foKku@dyk@ekufodh ,oa okf.kT; pkj iqLrdksa dks Nk=kksa dks miyCèk djk;k tk jgk gS A
çR;sd fo"k; ds ik¡p&ik¡p lsV fn;s x;s gSa tSlk fd xr o"kZ Fkk] ijUrq bl o"kZ fliQZ ,d ekWMy lsV dk gh
mÙkj rS;kj djkdj fn;k tk jgk gS A lfefr }kjk ekWMy ç'u&çk:i ds mi;ksfxrk ds fy, vk;ksftr jkT;
Lrjh; dk;Z'kkyk esa fy;s x;s fu.kZ; ds vkyksd esa ;g la'kks/u fd;k x;k gS A bl ,d ekWMy mÙkj okys lsV
esa ekfd±x Ldhe dh Hkh tkudkjh nh xbZ gS rFkk pkj vuqÙkfjr ç'u&çk:i ds ihNs mís'; gS fd Nk=kksa esa esgur
djus dh ço`fr gks] lkFk gh ekWMy ç'u dk nq#i;ksx ugha gks] tSlk dqN ijh{kk dsUæksa ij xr o"kZ gqvk Fkk A
[ iii ]
pwf¡ d jkT; ds vf/dka'k Nk=kksa dh i<+kbZ fgUnh ekè;e esa gksrh gS] vr% ç'u&çk:i fgUnh o vaxt sz h nksuksa
ekè;eksa esa ,d lkFk miyC/ djk;k tk jgk gS A bu ç'u&çk:iksa dk fo'ys"k.kkRed vè;;u ls Nk=kksa dks lgh
<ax ls ç'uksa ds çk:i dh tkudkjh gks tk,xhA
fcgkj cksMZ ds Nk=kksa ls vihy gS fd ekWMy ç'uksa ds lHkh lsVksa dk ekud mÙkj f'k{kd o vfHkHkkod dh enn
ls rS;kj dj ysa rFkk mldh le> cuk ysa A okf"kZd ijh{kk esa blh iSVuZ ij ç'u iwNs tk,¡xs rFkk buesa ls dqN
ç'uksa dk vkxkeh ijh{kk esa iwNs tkus dh Hkh laHkkouk ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS A dqy feykdj bl
çk:i&ç'u ds xgu vè;;u ls Nk=k vPNs vad çkIr djus esa liQy gksaxs rFkk os fofHkUu mPp f'k{k.k ,oa
rduhdh laLFkkuksa esa ukekadu gsrq vk;ksftr çfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvksa esa vklkuh ls liQy gks ldsxa s A
gesa bl ckr dk vR;Ur [ksn gS fd dqN vifjgk;Z dkj.k ls le; ij ekWMy ç'u&çk:i ge ugha ns lds A
'kS{kf.kd dk;ks± dks le; ij iwjk ugha djus dh otg ,sls dk;ks± ds fy, vuqdy w <k¡pkxr O;oLFkk rFkk rduhdh
:i esa n{k ekuo&'kfDr dh deh jgh gS A fiQj Hkh ;g ç;kl tkjh gS vkSj tkjh jgsxk] rkfd vke Nk=kksa dks
'kS{kf.kd ykHk Hkh lfefr ds ekè;e ls feyrk jgsA
ekWMy ç'u dks rS;kj djus esa fo'ofo|ky; ,oa mPp ekè;fed Lrj ds ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ds vuqHkoh
f'k{kdksa dh enn yh xbZ gS A ;s lHkh f'k{kd vius&vius fo"k;ksa ds [;kfr çkIr f'k{kd gSa rFkk $2 dh f'k{kk
ls yEcs le; ls tqMs+ jgs gSa A mudh esgur vkSj n`<+ lksp ds dkj.k gh ekWMy ç'u&i=k dk çdk'ku bl o"kZ
Hkh nwljh ckj lEHko gks ldk gSA eSa lfefr dh vksj ls mu lHkh f'k{kdksa ds çfr vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡ A
Nk=kksa ls vuqjks/ gS fd ekWMy ç'u&i=k feyrs gh ijh{kk dh rS;kjh esa yx tk,¡ A lkjs ç'uksa dks le>dj
vH;kl dj ysa A f'k{kd] Nk=k ,oa vfHkHkkodksa ls vk'kk gS fd os iw.kZr% dnkpkjeqDr ijh{kk esa ljdkj ds ç;kl
esa enn djsxa s A LokHkkfod rkSj vc Hkh ekWMy ç'u esa dqN&u&dqN =kqfV;k¡ gksxa h A vr% f'k{kdksa ,oa Nk=kksa ls
vkxzg gS fd =kqfV;ksa dh vksj lfefr dk è;ku vkÑ"V djkrs gq, vius fyf[kr lq>ko lfefr dks nsa A f'k{kdksa
dk lg;ksx vfr vko';d gS] tks Nk=kksa dh i<+kbZ esa enn djrs gSa A jkT; esa csgrj 'kS{kf.kd ekgkSy dk;e gks]
;g lkewfgd ç;kl ls gh lEHko gS A blds fy, lfefr dfVc¼ gS vkSj vkidk lg;ksx visf{kr gS A
izksñ (Mkñ) ,ñ dsñ ihñ ;kno

iVuk& tuojh] 2010 vè;{k
fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr]
iVukA
[ iv ]
iz'u&i=k dk LOk:i
iz' u&i=k nks [k.Mksa esa gksxk& [k.M&1 (oLrqfu"B) rFkk [k.M& 2 (xSj oLrqfu"B)A
fo"k; ds dqy iw.kk±d dk 40 izfr'kr oLrqfu"B dksfV ds iz'u gksxAsa tc fd 'ks"k 60 izfr'kr va'k xSj&oLrqfu"B
iz'u gksxkA iz'uksa ds p;u ds Øe esa bl ckr dh fo'ks"k lrZdrk j[kh xbZ gS] fd fo"k; ds ikB~;Øe esa fu/
kZfjr vè;k;ksa ds fy, r; vadksa ds Lo:i dks cjdjkj j[kk tk;sA fofHkUu vè;k;ksa ds fy, vkoafVr vadksa dh
fooj.kh ikB~;Øe funsfZ 'kdk esa nh tk pqdh gSA
I HkkSfrdh ds fofHkUu bdkbZ;ksa ds fy, vkoafVr vad rkfydk%&
bdkbZ& 1 fLFkj oS|fq rdh 08 vad

bdkbZ& 2 fo|qr /kjk 07 vad
bdkbZ& 3 fo|qr /kjk dk pqEcdh; izHkko ,oa
pqEcdRo 08 vad
bdkbZ& 4 fo|qr&pqEcdh; izsj.k o izR;korhZ /kjk 08 vad
bdkbZ& 5 fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax 03 vad
bdkbZ& 6 izdkf'kdh 14 vad
bdkbZ& 7 nzO; ,oa fofdj.k dh nksgjh izd`fr 04 vad
bdkbZ& 8 ijek.kq ,oa ukfHkd 06 vad
bdkbZ& 9 bysDVªkfud ;qfDr;k¡ 07 vad
bdkbZ& 10 lapkj iz.kkfy;k¡ 05 vad
70 vad
II jlk;u ds fofHkUu bdkbZ;ksa ds fy, vkoafVr vad rkfydk%&
bdkbZ& 1 Bksl voLFkk 04 vad
bdkbZ& 2 foy;u 05 vad
bdkbZ& 3 fo|qr jlk;u 05 vad
bdkbZ& 4 jk;k;fud xfrdh 05 vad
bdkbZ& 5 lrg jlk;u 04 vad
bdkbZ& 6 rRoksa dks vyx djus dh lkekU;
fl¼kUr ,oa izfØ;k,¡ 03 vad
bdkbZ& 7 p- CykWd rRo 08 vad
bdkbZ& 8 d & f- CykWd rRo 05 vad
bdkbZ& 9 lEUo;d ;kSfxd 03 vad
[ v ]
bdkbZ& 10 ,sYdsu o ,jhUl ds gSykstu ;kSfxd 04 vad
bdkbZ& 11 vYdksgy] iQhukWy rFkk bFkj 04 vad
bdkbZ& 12 ,YMhgkbM] dhVku] rFkk
dkcksfZ Dlfyd vEy 06 vad
bdkbZ& 13 ukbVªkstu ;qDr 04 vad
bdkbZ& 14 dkcZfud ;kSfxd 04 vad
bdkbZ& 15 tSo v.kq 03 vad
bdkbZ& 16 cgqyd 03 vad
70 vad
III thofoKku ds fofHkUu bdkbZ;ksa ds fy, vkoafVr vad rkfydk%&
bdkbZ& 1 iztuu vkSj fodkl 06 vad
bdkbZ& 2 vkuqokaf'kdh vkSj tSo fodkl 18 vad
bdkbZ& 3 tSo rduhdh ,oa mlds vuqi;z ksx 18 vad
bdkbZ& 4 O;ogkfjd tho fotku ,oa
ekuo dY;k.k 18 vad
bdkbZ& 5 euq"; vkSj I;kZoj.k 10 vad
70 vad
IV xf.kr ds fofHkUu bdkbZ;ksa ds fy, vkoafVr vad rkfydk%&

bdkbZ& 1 lEcU/ ,d iQyu 10 vad
bdkbZ& 2 chtxf.kr 13 vad
bdkbZ& 3 dyu 40 vad
bdkbZ& 4 lfn'k ,oa 3 Mh fu;ked T;kehfr 18 vad
bdkbZ& 5 jSf[kd vlehdj.k ,oa jSf[kd izkxs kz fed 09 vad
bdkbZ& 6 izkf;drk 10 vad
100 va d
iz'uksa dks mudh tfVyrk ds vk/kj ij bl rjg ck¡Vk x;k gS%&

vklku (Easy Level) Lrj& 25»
vkSlr (Average level) Lrj 60»
mPp Lrjh; lskp vk/kfjr
(Higher Order thinking) 15»
fliQZ 15» iz' u gh ,sls gksxsa] ftuesa Nk=kksa ds fo'ys" kukRed {kerk dh lw{erk ls tk¡p gksxhA
[ vi ]
xf.kr ,oa thofoKku dks NksM+ 'ks"k foKku fo"k;ksa esa dqy iw.kk±d dk 15&25 izfr'kr va'k vkafdd dksfV ds iz'u
gksxAsa iwjs iz'u&i=k esa lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z gksxAsa dqN nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'uksa esa vkfUrfjd fodYi dh O;oLFkk gksxhA
vkarfjd fodYi dk eryc gS fd fodYi ikB~;Øe ds mlh bdkbZ ls gksxkA
[k.M & 1 (oLrqfu"B) dksfV ds iz' uksa esa ik¡p izd kj ds iz' u gksxsa %&
HkkSfrdh@jlk;u@thofoKku easa iz' uksa dk caVokjk fuEufyf[kr gSµ
Js.kh& 1 iz'u la[;k 1 ls 10 blesa mÙkj ds :i esa pkj fodYi
fn, x, gS]a ftuesa ls ,d gh lgh gSA 1 x 10 = 10
Js.kh& 2 iz'u la[;k 11 ls 15 blds vUrxZr izR;sd iz'u esa nks

dFku@oDRkO; fn, x, gSaA
nksuksa oDrO;ksa ds nkos o rdZ dh foospuk
djuh gksxh rFkk mu oDrO;ksa
dh lR;rk tk¡puh gksxhA 1x5=5
Js.kh 3 iz'u la[;k 16 ls 18 blesa pkj fodYi fn, x, gksxa]s ftuesa ls

,d ls vf/d mÙkj lgh gks ldrs gSAa
lHkh lgh mÙkjksa dks fpfUgr djuk gSA 1x3=3
Js.kh 4 iz'u la[;k 19 ls 22 ;s pkjksa iz'u dkWye (LrEHk) I dh pkj

izfof"V;k¡ ds :i esa fn, gSAa LrEHk (dkWye&II)
esa pkj fodYi a, b, c, d fn, gSAa LrEHk&I dh
izfof"V;k¡ ds LrEHk&II dh izfof"V;k¡ ds fodYi
ls feyku djuk gSA 1x4=4
Js.kh 5 iz'u la[;k 23 ls 25 ;s rhuksa iz'u ,d fn;s x;s x|ka'k ij vk/kfjr

gksxsA x|ka'k ds vè;;u ds ckn rhuksa iz'uksa dk
mÙkj fn, x, pkj fodYi esa ls nsuk gSA 2x3=6
28 vad
[k.M& 2 (xSj oLrqfu"B) es nks izd kj ds iz'u iqNs tk;sxsa %&
Js.kh& 1 iz'u la[;k 1 ls 11 Yk?kqLrjh; iz'u 11 x 2 = 22
Js.kh & 2 iz'u la[;k 12 ls 15 nh?kZLrjh; iz'u 4 x 5 = 20
42 vad
[ vii ]
xf.kr esa iz'uksa dk caVokjk fuEufyf[kr gSµ
Js.kh& 1 iz'u la[;k 1 ls 20 blesa mÙkj ds :i esa pkj fodYi fn, x, gSa]
ftuesa ls ,d gh lgh gSA 1 x 20 = 20
Js.kh& 2 iz'u la[;k 21 ls 25 blds vUrxZr izR;sd iz'u esa nks dFku@oDRkO;
fn, x, gSAa nksuksa oDrO;ksa ds nkos o rdZ dh
foospuk djuh gksxh rFkk mu oDrO;ksa dh
lR;rk tk¡puh gksxhA 1x5=5
Js.kh 3 iz'u la[;k 26 ls 28 blesa pkj fodYi fn, x, gksxsa] ftuesa ls ,d
ls vf/d mÙkj lgh gks ldrs gSAa lHkh lgh
mÙkjksa dks fpfUgr djuk gSA 1x3=3
Js.kh 4 iz'u la[;k 29 ;s pkjksa iz'u dkWye (LrEHk) I dh pkj izfof"V;k¡
ds :i esa fn, gSAa LrEHk (dkWye& II) esa pkj
fodYi a, b, c, d fn, gSAa LrEHk& I dh izfof"V;k¡
ds LrEHk& II dh izfof"V;k¡ ds fodYi ls feyku
djuk gSA 1½ x 4 = 6
Js.kh 5 iz'u la[;k 30 ;s rhuksa iz'u ,d fn;s x;s x|ka'k ij vk/kfjr
gksxsA x|ka'k ds vè;;u ds ckn rhuksa iz'uksa dk
mÙkj fn, x, pkj fodYi esa ls nsuk gSA 2x3=6
40 va d
[k.M& 2 (xSj oLrqfu"B) es nks izd kj ds iz'u iqNs tk;sxsa %&
Js.kh& 1 iz'u la[;k 1 ls 8 Yk?kqLrjh; iz'u 8 x 4 = 32
Js.kh & 2 iz'u la[;k 9 ls 12 nh?kZLrjh; iz'u 4 x 7 = 28
60 va d
y?kq Lrjh; iz'uksa dk mÙkj 100 'kCnksa ds vUnj gh nsuk gSA nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'uksa dk mÙkj ;Fkk lEHko
vius gh 'kCnksa esa Vw&Vw iokbaV nsaA vkfUrjd fodYi dk vfHkizk; gksrk gS] ml iz'u&fo'ks"k dk fodYi ikB~;Øe
ds mlh bdkbZ ls gksukA nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'uksa esa vkUrfjd fodYi ds lkFk vkafdd iz'u Hkh fodYi ds :i esa gks
ldrs gsaA
izk:i iz'u i=k ds ,dlsV dk mÙkj ,oa vadksa ds Stepwise caVokjs dh lwph o¼;kstuk rjhds
ls rkfydk ds :i esa izLrqr dh xbZ gSA blls Nk=kksa o f'k{kdksa dks vadksa ds caVokjs dks le>us esa enn feysxhA
vè;{k
fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr]
iVukA
[ viii ]

Mqs Science Xii

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MODEL PAPER

[k.M & I (SECTION-I)

BIHAR SCHOOL EXAMINATION BOARD

2. Date of Exam / ijh{kk dh frfFk b b b b b b b b

OBJECTIVE (oLrqf u"B)

NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrqf u"B)

le; % 2 ?ka V k + 5 feñ (vfrfjDr) dq y va d % 42

y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a)

y?kq mÙkjh; ç'uksÙkj (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'uksÙkj (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

gamete A + X egg A+X A + Y sperms.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqfu"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqfu"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqfu"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrqf u"B)

[k.M & I (SECTION-I)

BIHAR SCHOOL EXAMINATION BOARD

2. Date of Exam / ijh{kk dh frfFk b b b b b b b b

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqf u"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

dkWy e (Column)–I dkWye (Column)–II

SECTION ([k.M )–II

nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'u (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (A)

6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (C)

3- R – CH2 OH, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH

R'' C– OH CH3 C2 H 5 C3H 2

In Case of 2º and 3º R = R' R'' or R ≠ R' ≠ R''

nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'uksÙkj (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

CH3CO CH3 + CaCO 3

all the step should be mentioned.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqf u"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

SECTION ([k.M )–II

NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrq fu"B)

y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'u (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqf u"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

dkWy e (Column)–I dkWye (Column)–II

CH3 CH3 CH3

(A) (B) (C) (D)

CH3 CH3 CH3

SECTION ([k.M )–II

NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrq fu"B)

y?kq mÙkjh; ç'u (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'u (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (oLrqf u"B ç'u)

Time : 1 Hrs. + 10 Min (Extra)] [ Full Marks : 28

4 M + 8 CN– + 2H2O + O2 → 4 [M(CN)2 + 4OH– the metal M is

dkWy e (Column)–I dkWye (Column)–II

SECTION ([k.M )–II

NON-OBJECTIVE (xS j &oLrq fu"B)