SCE - EN - 031-410 Basics Diagnostics S7-1200 - R1709 PDF

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TIA Portal Module 031-410

Basics of Diagnostics with SIMATIC S7-1200
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SCE_EN_031-410 Basics Diagnostics S7-1200_R1709.docx
Table of contents
1 Goal ................................................................................................................................................. 4
2 Prerequisite...................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Required hardware and software ...................................................................................................... 5
4 Theory ............................................................................................................................................. 6
4.1 Fault diagnostics and hardware faults .......................................................................................6
4.2 Hardware diagnostics ...............................................................................................................7
4.3 Diagnostics for program blocks .................................................................................................8
5 Task ................................................................................................................................................. 9
6 Planning........................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Online interface ........................................................................................................................9
7 Structured step-by-step instructions................................................................................................ 10
7.1 Retrieve an existing project ..................................................................................................... 10
7.2 Download the program............................................................................................................11
7.3 Connect online ....................................................................................................................... 13
7.4 Online & diagnostics for SIMATIC S7 controller ...................................................................... 17
7.5 Online/offline comparison ....................................................................................................... 25
7.6 Monitor and modify tags..........................................................................................................28
7.7 Force tags ..............................................................................................................................31
7.8 Checklist................................................................................................................................. 35
8 Exercise ......................................................................................................................................... 36
8.1 Task – Exercise ...................................................................................................................... 36
8.2 Planning ................................................................................................................................. 36
8.3 Checklist – Exercise ............................................................................................................... 36
9 Additional information ..................................................................................................................... 37
Basics of Diagnostic Functions

1 Goal
In this module, the reader will become acquainted with the tools that support troubleshooting.
This module will present diagnostic functions that, for example, you can test with the TIA project
from the SCE_EN_031-100_FC-Programming with SIMATIC S7-1200 module.
The SIMATIC S7 controllers listed in Chapter 3 can be used.
2 Prerequisite
This chapter builds on the hardware configuration of SIMATIC S7 CPU1214C. However, other
hardware configurations that have digital input and output boards can be used. For this chapter,
you can use the following project, for example:
SCE_EN_031_100_FC-Programming_S7-1200_R1504.zap14
3 Required hardware and software

1 Engineering station: requirements include hardware and operating system
(for additional information, see Readme on the TIA Portal Installation DVDs)
2 SIMATIC STEP 7 Basic software in TIA Portal – as of V14 SP1
3 SIMATIC S7-1200 controller, e.g. CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC with ANALOG OUTPUT SB1232
signal board, 1 AO – Firmware as of V4.2.1
Note: The digital inputs should be fed out to a control panel.
4 Ethernet connection between engineering station and controller
2 SIMATIC STEP 7
Basic (TIA Portal) as of
1 Engineering Station V14 SP1
4 Ethernet connection
3 SIMATIC S7-1200 controller Control panel
4 Theory
4.1 Fault diagnostics and hardware faults
Faults can be caused by a variety of things.
For faults that occur after a changeover to RUN, there are two error patterns.
1. The CPU goes to or stays in the STOP operating state. The yellow STOP LED lights up and
other indicator LEDs light up on the CPU, power supply unit, IO modules or bus modules.
A CPU fault is present in this case. For example, a module in the automation system might
be defective or have an incorrect parameter assignment or a bus system fault might be
present.
An interruption analysis will be performed in this case by evaluating the hardware diagnostics
and by reading the module information from the diagnostic buffer of the CPU.
2. The CPU is in a faulty RUN operating state. The green RUN LED lights up and other
indicator LEDs light up or flash on the CPU, power supply unit, IO modules or bus modules.
In this case, a fault may be present in the IO devices or power supply.

A visual check will be performed initially to narrow down the fault area. The indicator LEDs
on the CPU and IO devices will be evaluated. The diagnostic data of the faulty IO and bus
modules will be read from the hardware diagnostics. In addition, a fault analysis can be
performed using a watch table on the programming device.
4.2 Hardware diagnostics

The device view in online mode of the TIA Portal gives you a quick overview of the configuration
and system status of the automation system.
Figure 1: Online view of device configuration
4.3 Diagnostics for program blocks

The project tree window of the TIA Portal in online mode gives you an overview of the
programmed blocks of the user program. A comparison of the program blocks used offline and
online is displayed with the help of diagnostic symbols.
Figure 2: Online view of the Main [OB1] block
5 Task
The following diagnostic functions will be shown and tested in this chapter:
– Diagnostic symbols in the online view of the TIA Portal
– Device diagnostics with module information
– Offline/online comparison
– Monitoring and modifying tags
– Forcing tags
6 Planning
The diagnostic functions will be performed using a finished project as an example.
A project in the TIA Portal that was previously downloaded to the controller should be open for
this.
In our case, once you have opened the TIA Portal, you will retrieve a previously created project
that was archived and download it to the associated controller.
You can then start implementing the diagnostic functions in the TIA Portal.
6.1 Online interface

Online diagnostics can only be performed when the correct communication connection to the
CPU has been established. We connect via Ethernet/PROFINET in this case.
When going online, you must therefore set the appropriate interfaces for your automation system.
Figure 3: Connecting online
7 Structured step-by-step instructions

You will find instructions on how to carry out planning below. If you already have a good
understanding of everything, it will be sufficient to focus on the numbered steps. Otherwise,
simply follow the detailed steps in the instructions.
7.1 Retrieve an existing project

® Before we can start the diagnostic functions, we need a project with programming and a
hardware configuration (e.g., SCE_EN_031-100_FC-Programming_S7-1200....zap14).
To retrieve an existing project that has been archived, you must select the relevant archive
with ® Project ® Retrieve in the project view. Confirm your selection with "Open".
(® Project ® Retrieve ® Select a .zap archive ® Open)
® The next step is to select the target directory where the retrieved project will be stored.
Confirm your selection with "OK". (® Target directory ® OK)
7.2 Download the program

® After the project has been successfully retrieved, the controller can be selected and
downloaded together with the created program. (® )
® Select the correct interfaces and click "Start search". (® "PN/IE" ® Selection of the network
adapter of the PG/PC ® Direct at slot ‘1 X1‘® "Start search")
Once "Scan and information retrieval completed" appears, click "Load". (® "Load")
® Before downloading can be started, other actions may have to be set (pink marking).
Then click "Load" again. (® "Load").
® After loading, first select the "Start all" check box under Action. Then click "Finish". (® select
check box ® "Finish")
7.3 Connect online

® To get started with the diagnostic functions, we will select our controller ("CPU_1214C") and
click "Go online". (® CPU_1214C ® Go online)
® Once the online connection to the "PLC_1" controller is established, the CPU can be started
or stopped with the following buttons . Diagnostic information in the form of symbols
will already be available in the project tree and in the diagnostics window.
Symbols for the comparison status in the project tree

® The diagnostic symbols in the project tree show a comparison status representing the
online/offline comparison of the project structure.
Symbol Meaning
Folder contains objects with online and offline versions that different (only in the project
tree)
Online and offline versions of the object are different
Object only exists online
Object only exists offline
Online and offline versions of the object are the same
® Double-click the "Device configuration".
(® Device configuration)
Operating state symbols for CPUs and CPs

® The graphical representation and device information window show the various operating
states of the CPU or communication processors (CPs).
Symbol Operating state

RUN
STOP
STARTUP
HOLD
DEFECT
Unknown operating state
The configured module does not support display of the operating state.
Diagnostic symbols for modules and devices in the device overview

® The graphical representation and Device overview window show the operating states of the
various modules, CPU or communication processors (CPs) using the following symbols.
Symbol Meaning
The connection to a CPU is currently being established.
The CPU is not accessible at the configured address.
The type of CPU configured and type of CPU actually present are incompatible.
On establishment of the online connection to a protected CPU, the password
dialog was terminated without entry of the correct password.
No fault
Maintenance required
Maintenance demanded
Fault
The module or device is deactivated.

The module or device cannot be accessed from the CPU (valid for modules and
devices below a CPU).
Diagnostic data is not available because the current online configuration data
differs from the offline configuration data.
The configured module or device and the module or device actually present are
incompatible (valid for modules or devices below a CPU).
The configured module does not support display of the diagnostic status (valid
for modules below a CPU).
The connection has been established, but the state of the module is currently
still being determined.
The configured module does not support display of the diagnostic status.
Error in lower-level component: A fault is present in at least one lower-level
hardware component.
Color coding of ports and Ethernet cables

® The status of ports and Ethernet cables can be diagnosed in the network view and topology
view.
® The following table shows the possible colors and their respective meaning.
Color Meaning
No fault or maintenance required
Maintenance demanded
Communication error
7.4 Online & diagnostics for SIMATIC S7 controller

® Double-click "Online & diagnostics" in project tree. (® Online&Diagnostics)
® A CPU operating panel, the cycle time and the memory utilization are displayed in the online
tools at the right. Switch the CPU to RUN here. (® RUN)
® The working area window contains general information about the CPU. (® General)
® If diagnostic information is available, it is displayed in Diagnostic status. (® Diagnostic

status)
® Detailed Information on the individual events is displayed in Diagnostics buffer.

(® Diagnostics buffer)
® Next you receive information about the cycle time of the executed program. (® Cycle time)
® The memory utilization can be seen here in detail (® Memory)
® The network settings and the status of the PROFINET interface [X1] can also be displayed.
(® PROFINET interface [X1])
® Under Functions, "Assign IP address", you can assign the IP address to a controller.
However, this is only possible when no hardware has yet been downloaded to the CPU.
(® Functions ® Assign IP address)
® Under "Set time", you can set the time of the CPU. (® Functions ® Set time)
® Under "Firmware update", you can update the firmware of the PLC.
(® Functions ® Firmware update)
® Under "Assign name", you can assign a PROFINET device name to the configured field
devices on PROFINET. The device name of the CPU cannot be changed here. It can only be
changed by downloading a modified hardware configuration.
(® Functions ® Assign name)
® Under "Reset to factory settings", you can restore the factory settings of the CPU.
(®Functions ® Reset to factory settings ® Retain or delete IP address ® Reset)
® Under "Format memory card", you can format the optional memory card if it is inserted in the
CPU. (® Functions ® Format memory card ® Format)
® The online connection should be disconnected again before the next chapter.
(® Online access ® Go offline)
® The TIA Portal is now back in offline mode. The orange-colored bars and the diagnostic
symbols are no longer displayed.
7.5 Online/offline comparison

® It is often important to know whether the saved data matches the data loaded in the
controller. First, remove the negation from the "Safety_shutoff_active" tag at the AND
function in the "MOTOR_MANUAL [FC1] block.
Then save the "MOTOR_MANUAL [FC1]" block, but do NOT download it to the controller. Close
the "MOTOR_MANUAL [FC1] block again.
® To compare, right-click the "PLC_1" controller and select "Compare", "Offline/online".
(® Select controller ® Compare ® Offline/online)
® The Compare editor online opens.
® If, for example, block differences are indicated , first select the block involved. You can
then click the button to "Start detailed comparison".
(® MOTOR_MANUAL ® Start detailed comparison).
® The selected offline/online block will be compared in the code block comparison. A detailed
description of the difference is shown in the comparison result.
® Close the window of the code block comparison.
® An action can be selected for the block involved in the Compare editor.
Either the "MOTOR_MANUAL" block will be downloaded from the programming device to the
controller and overwritten there or the "MOTOR_MANUAL" block will be read in from the
controller and overwritten in the TIA Portal.
Select the "Upload from device" action (← Upload from device).
® Click the "Execute actions" button (® Execute actions)
® Confirm "Upload from device" (® Upload from device).
® After the upload, there are no more differences. You should now save your project again and
close the online connection.
7.6 Monitor and modify tags

® To monitor and modify tags, you need a watch table.
Double-click "Add new watch table" in the project tree. (® Add new watch table).
® Open the newly created "Watch table_1" by double-clicking it (® "Watch table_1").
You can enter individual tags in the table or you can select the "Tag_table_sorting_station" and
then select the tags to be monitored and drag them from the Details view to the watch table (®
Tag_table_sorting_station).
® To have all monitoring and modifying functions available for selection, the following columns
can be displayed:
‘All modify columns’ and ‘All expanded mode columns’ .

Continue by selecting the trigger timing for the monitoring (® Permanent).
The following monitoring and modifying modes are available:

– Permanent (in this mode, the inputs are monitored/modified at the start of the cycle and the
outputs at the end.)
– Once only, at start of scan cycle
– Once only, at end of scan cycle
– Permanently, at start of scan cycle
– Permanently, at end of scan cycle
– Once only, at transition to STOP
– Permanently, at transition to STOP
Process image of the inputs
"At start of scan cycle" trigger point
OB 1
"At transition to STOP" trigger point
"At end of scan cycle" trigger point
Process image of the outputs
® Next, click "Monitor all values once and now" or "Monitor all values according to trigger
settings" (® Monitor all).
® To modify tags, enter the desired "Modify values". Then, click to "Modify all activated
values once and now" or to "All active values will be modified by modify with trigger".
( ® TRUE ® "All active values will be modified by modify with trigger")
® Confirm the warning with 'Yes' (® Yes).
® The output becomes active even though the programmed conditions are not met.
Note: If the watch table is closed or the connection to the PLC is lost, all modify commands are
nullified.
7.7 Force tags

® The "Force" function can be used to assign a fixed value to tags. Force values are specified
in a similar way as for the "Modify tags" function but, in contrast, are retained after the CPU is
switched off or stopped. The "Modify tags" and "Force" functions essentially differ as follows:
In contrast to "Modify tags", it is not possible to assign values to data blocks, timers, counters
and bit memory with the "Force" function.
IO device inputs (e.g., IWxx:P) cannot be modified but can be pre-assigned by the "Force"
function.
Unlike with the "Modify" function, values permanently assigned by the "Force" function
cannot be overwritten by the user program.
If you close the force table, the force values are retained. This is not the case with the
"Modify" function.
If the online connection to the CPU is interrupted, the tags assigned with the "Force" function
retain their value.
To force tags, you must first double-click the force table to open it. (® Force table)
® Select the "Q1" operand with address %Q0.0 from the list. (® Q1)
® With forcing, the operands are entered with direct IO access (%Q0.0:P).
® Enter the desired force value and activate it .
Click "Start or replace forcing" . The new force request will be transferred to the CPU.
(® %Q0.0:P ® TRUE ® ® Start or replace forcing)
® Confirm the warning with 'Yes' (® Yes).
® Forcing is activated and the yellow MAINT LED on the CPU lights up. In addition, an F on a
red background is shown at the top right of the display of the S7-1200.
Note: If the watch table is closed or the connection to the PLC is lost, forcing remains active
and the yellow FORCE LED on the CPU continues to be lit.
® If you want to ‘Stop forcing’, simply click " Stop forcing" and confirm the next dialog with
"Yes".
(® Stop forcing) 'Yes' (® Yes)
Forcing is stopped and the yellow MAINT LED on the CPU switches off.
® If a force request already exists in the controller, this is indicated by the symbol in the
watch table. If you then click , additional information will be displayed (® ).
® If a force request already exists in the controller, it can also be displayed and stopped via the
online device view. To do this, you must right-click the CPU in online mode of the device view
and select "Update and display forced operands".
(® right-click the CPU ® Update and display forced operands")
® The force table with the current force requests will now be displayed and you can stop these.
(® Stop forcing)
7.8 Checklist
No. Description Completed
1 Project 031-100_FC-programming… successfully retrieved.
CPU 1214C from project 031-100_FC-Programming…

2
successfully downloaded.
3 CPU 1214C connected online.
Status of the CPU 1214C checked with Online &

4
Diagnostics.
Offline/online comparison of blocks in the CPU 1214C
5
performed.
6 Watch table_1 created.
Tags (-S0 / -S3 / -K0 / -B1 / -S4 / -A1 / -Q1) entered in

7
watch table.
Switch on conveyor motor forward by modifying the output
8
(-Q1 = 1) in watch table.
Switch off conveyor motor forward by modifying the output
9
(-Q1 = 0) in watch table.
10 Open force table
11 Tag (-Q1:P) entered in force table.
Switch on conveyor motor forward by forcing the output

12
(-Q1 = 1) in force table.
13 Force output -Q1 to switch off again.
8 Exercise
8.1 Task – Exercise
In this exercise, the MOTOR_AUTO [FB1] function block from chapter SCE_EN_031-200_FB-
Programming is to be tested.
The challenge here is that the cylinder is in the front end position and thus the enable conditions
for switching on the conveyor are not met.
Using a watch table, the cylinder is to be moved to its rear end position so that the enable
conditions for the MOTOR_AUTO [FB1] block are met.
8.2 Planning
Plan the implementation of the task independently using the step-by-instructions as an aid.
8.3 Checklist – Exercise
No. Description Completed
1 Project 031-200_FB-Programming… successfully retrieved.
CPU 1214C from project 031-200_FB-Programming… successfully

2
downloaded.
3 Watch table created and renamed as "Watch_table_cylinder".
4 Tags (-B1 / -B2 / -M2) entered in watch table.
5 Retract cylinder by modifying the output (-M2 = 1) in watch table.
6 Cylinder retracted (-B1 = 1)
7 Reset output for Retract cylinder in watch table again (–M2 = 0).
9 Additional information
More information for further practice and consolidation is available as orientation, for example:
Getting Started, videos, tutorials, apps, manuals, programming guidelines and trial software /
firmware, under the following link:
www.siemens.com/sce/s7-1200
Preview „Additional information“
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Learn-/Training Document

Siemens Automation Cooperates with Education

TIA Portal Module 031-410

Matching SCE Trainer Packages for these Learn-/Training Document

Additional information regarding SCE

Information regarding use

Basics of Diagnostic Functions

3 Required hardware and software

3 SIMATIC S7-1200 controller Control panel

In this case, a fault may be present in the IO devices or power supply.

4.2 Hardware diagnostics

Figure 1: Online view of device configuration

4.3 Diagnostics for program blocks

Figure 2: Online view of the Main [OB1] block

6.1 Online interface

Figure 3: Connecting online

7 Structured step-by-step instructions

7.1 Retrieve an existing project

(® Project ® Retrieve ® Select a .zap archive ® Open)

7.2 Download the program

downloaded together with the created program. (® )

7.3 Connect online

Symbols for the comparison status in the project tree

® Double-click the "Device configuration".

Operating state symbols for CPUs and CPs

Symbol Operating state

Diagnostic symbols for modules and devices in the device overview

The module or device is deactivated.

Color coding of ports and Ethernet cables

7.4 Online & diagnostics for SIMATIC S7 controller

® If diagnostic information is available, it is displayed in Diagnostic status. (® Diagnostic

® Detailed Information on the individual events is displayed in Diagnostics buffer.

® The memory utilization can be seen here in detail (® Memory)

(® Functions ® Assign name)

7.5 Online/offline comparison

® The Compare editor online opens.

then click the button to "Start detailed comparison".

(® MOTOR_MANUAL ® Start detailed comparison).

® Close the window of the code block comparison.

® Click the "Execute actions" button (® Execute actions)

® Confirm "Upload from device" (® Upload from device).

7.6 Monitor and modify tags

® Open the newly created "Watch table_1" by double-clicking it (® "Watch table_1").

‘All modify columns’ and ‘All expanded mode columns’ .

The following monitoring and modifying modes are available:

Process image of the inputs

"At start of scan cycle" trigger point

"At end of scan cycle" trigger point

Process image of the outputs

settings" (® Monitor all).

( ® TRUE ® "All active values will be modified by modify with trigger")

® Confirm the warning with 'Yes' (® Yes).

7.7 Force tags

® Enter the desired force value and activate it .

(® %Q0.0:P ® TRUE ® ® Start or replace forcing)

® Confirm the warning with 'Yes' (® Yes).

(® Stop forcing) 'Yes' (® Yes)

watch table. If you then click , additional information will be displayed (® ).

(® right-click the CPU ® Update and display forced operands")