How To Read Heads and Faces Full PDF

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HOW TO READ
HEADS & FACES
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2017 with funding from
Wellcome Library
https://archive.org/details/b29814467
FOULSHAM'S HOME LIBRARY
HOW TO READ
AND
By
JAMES COATES, Ph.D., F.A.S.
AN ENTIRELY NEW
AND REVISED EDITION
Profusely Illustrated
LONDON
W. FOULSHAM & CO., LTD.
MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY PURNELL AND SONS, LTD., PAULTON (SOMERSET) AND LONDON

copyright: w. foulsham & co., ltd.
PREFACE
In this book, your head and face are analysed,

and so are the heads and faces of your friends—
as well as your enemies, if you have any.
By carefully reading the chapters, you will be
able to tell anybody and everybody’s character
at a glance. It will make no difference whether
they are highly desirable people or whether they
are merely undesirable; you will be able to tell
in a moment, when you have mastered this book.
The matter has been arranged in two sections.
The first covers the whole subject in a popular
manner, while the second takes vital questions
and deals with them very fully.
t
CONTENTS
PART ONE
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTORY • • •
9
II. HEADS-THEIR SHAPE • • 12
III. FACES-THEIR SHAPE • • 24
IV. THE EYES • • 29
V. THE EYEBROWS • • 35
VI. THE NOSE • • 40
VII. THE LIPS AND THE MOUTH • 46
VIII. THE CHIN • • 52
IX. THE EARS • •
59
X. THE CHEEKS • • 63
XI. THE TEETH . • •
65
XII. THE HAIR • • 67
XIII. THE PROPORTIONS OF THE FACE 7i
XIV. THE RIM OF THE HEAD . • 74
XV. UNCLASSIFIED CLUES AS TO CHAR-
ACTER • • • • 78
PART TWO
00
XVI. THE SIZE OF THE HEAD
XVII. THE FORM OF THE HEAD 95

XVIII. THE SIGNS OF TEMPERAMENT . 105
XIX. THE CHART OF THE HEAD 119
XX. IN CONCLUSION 124
vii
t
\
HOW TO READ
HEADS AND FACES
PART ONE
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
There is no more certain way of summing up

a person’s character than by noting the details of
his or her head and face.
As you mix among your friends, just glance
at their faces and the shapes of their heads : then
compare your impressions with the characters
you know they possess. Very quickly you will
grow to realise, if you have not realised it already,
that mouths, noses, eyes and all the other facial
details tell their tale with unerring accuracy.
The receding forehead, for instance, proclaims
the youth lacking in intelligence: the pair of
shifty eyes that cannot look straight at you belong
to someone you would not dare to trust: the
9
io How to Read Heads and Faces
thin-lipped mouth is owned by the girl who has
no thoughts but for herself, and so on.
These, of course, are very elementary signs,
known to everybody : but there are hundreds of
others that are not so well known. To learn all
about them makes a very interesting study. Not
only is it interesting but it is extremely valuable
for, when you have mastered the facts, you are
able to sum up an individual in a flash, and the
best of it all is that you can assess a person’s
worth without him or her knowing anything of
what you are doing, if you so desire.
Suppose you are on the point of engaging
someone to work for you : of course it may be
that you are thinking of taking a partner for
better or for worse : or perhaps you are about to
put your faith in an individual for one of a thous¬
and different reasons. A glance at his head and
face will tell you directly whether you are wise
in reposing that trust in him.
Of course, many people know by intuition all
that faces and heads reveal. They are the folk
who have a reputation for being good judges of
character. We cannot all hope to have this intui¬
tion : but if we lack it, we can do the next
Introductory 11
best thing, which is to gain the knowledge by
study.
This book is designed to give the reader the
requisite knowledge in a simple form. It deals
with each department of the head and face in a
separate chapter and, thus, covers the whole
subject from beginning to end.
t
CHAPTER II
HEADS—THEIR SHAPE
No detail in a person’s “ make-up ” affects him

so much as the shape of his head. If he owns a
good shape, he will have sterling qualities of
character : if he has a poor shape, he will lack
the essentials of a man; and if he has, what
is most likely, a head of mid-way classifica¬
tion, he will be someone with ordinary average
ability.
Naturally, on reading this, your first question
will be to ask what is meant by a good, medium
or poor shaped head. By way of an answer, we
suggest that you look at Fig. i. There you will
see the head of a man. Many of the features are
omitted from the drawing because, at the moment,
we are concerned with the general shape and not
with any of the details.
As will be seen, there is one shape given in
solid outline and several others in dotted outlines.
12
Heads—their Shape
13
14 How to Read Heads and Faces
All of them portray shapes that are quite common
and you could pick out examples of each during
a day’s march.
Now, it is a well-known fact that the shape
of the head governs the shape of the brain, and
it is equally well known that the brain is divided
into a number of areas, each of which performs
its own allotted functions. Therefore, it follows
that if one particular area is small or cramped,
the work of that area will not be carried on in a
normal or average manner. Conversely, if one
special area is over-developed, the work of that
area will be indulged in to excess.
From all this it is abundantly clear that if only
we know the work allotted to each section of
the brain, it will be a simple matter to glance at
a man or a woman and, by noting the shape of
the head, to tell his or her character straight
away.
Fortunately, we do know the work of each
part of the brain. Phrenologists and doctors have
examined thousands of heads and, by checking
the shapes with the known characters of the indi¬
viduals, have prepared a chart which shows the
functions of each little area.
Heads—their Shape 15
Having said all this, you are invited to glance
once more at Fig. 1. It may be mentioned that
the head shown there in solid outline portrays
an individual having what might be termed good
average ability. It is a regular shape, well-pro¬
portioned, and it displays no eccentricities any¬
where. The individual would therefore be one
who was reliable, honest, able to think for
himself, courageous, pleasant in manner, and
so on. He would be, in fact, a good average
citizen.
His forehead shows that he is normally intel¬
lectual because it rises, more or less, perpen¬
dicularly. But, look at the forehead suggested
by the dotted line A. What could be expected
of an individual with a head like this ? Clearly
the intellectual areas of the brain are cramped
and hardly exist. Accordingly, such a person
would be dull in perception—the kind of indi¬
vidual who would need to be told everything
twice, and if he happened to be a schoolboy,
would be at the bottom of the form.
To go to the other end of the scale, look at
the forehead shown by the line B. Here we have
an excess of brain which might .easily lead the
owner to scheme out some marvellous invention
or a diabolical plot. He would certainly do some¬
thing of an outstanding nature which necessitated
brains, but he would be an unpleasant person to
live with, because his excess of intellect would
make him unbearable.
So far, we have taken just one area of the head
and shown how it may be “ read.” There are,
however, forty such areas recognised by phren¬
ologists, all of which have their particular function.
As many of them are of academic rather than
popular interest, it will simplify matters if we
deal here only with those with special claims, and
leave a complete survey for a later chapter.
Those to be noted at this point are :
The Generosity Area—This is indicated by the
posidon of the arrow in Fig. 2. When this part
of the head is well-developed, it reveals a person
who is charitable and benevolent. He will put
his own interests aside and strive for the good of
those around him.
When the area is too fully developed, he
will neglect his own needs and go out of his
way to succour those who have no real claim
on him.
Heads—their Shape iy
If this area is depressed and hardly exists, it
betokens an individual who is essentially selfish
and who lives for himself.
The Amative Area—This area is the one which
controls an individual’s instincts for loving. Its
position is shown by the arrow in Fig. 3. When
normally present, we may expect the owner to be
a person who will fall in love when the proper
time comes and when a suitable partner is found.
He or she will make a very reasonable husband
or wife, and prove constant.
On the other hand, if this area curves outward
and is manifested by some sort of a bulge, we
may expect an ardent nature that is burning with
passion, only to be followed by a cooling-
off which may easily lead to very awkward
situations.
When there is a depression in this area, it clearly
denotes an individual who is incapable of under¬
standing the meaning of love.
The Courage Area—In Fig. 3, a dotted area,
oval in shape, is shown. This is the part of the
head which controls a person’s faculty for coura¬
geous acts. It lies behind the ear, a trifle low
down.
i

If the area stands out sufficiently to be just
recognised, it marks the possessor as a person of
courage. He will not hesitate to do a right action
whatever the cost may be to him. He will risk
his life or his reputation, if he thinks that by so
doing, he is acting rightly.
When this area projects prominently, you have
courage but it is expressed in a pugnacious, com¬
bative manner. The individual speaks his mind
openly and is for ever being led into quarrels.
Should there be some sort of a depression at
this spot, the subject is always ready to climb
down or take a back seat, if such a course enables
him to save his skin.
The Friendship Area—Almost above the “Courage
Area ” is the spot which governs a man’s faculty
for friendships. The exact position is shown by
Fig. 4. Most people have this area more or less
strongly developed, but it is usually present to a
greater extent in women than in men. When it
is in full evidence, you have the person who makes
friends readily, and keeps them. When it is prac¬
tically non-existent, you have the hermit.
The Parental-Love Area—Immediately above the
“ Amative Area ” is that part of the brain which
controls the regard a person has for children and
all young things. It is a spot much more developed
in women than in men; but owing to the way
women dress their hair, it is a quality that is
usually hidden from sight, in their case.
If it is an area well-developed, it shows a natural
love for children and offsprings : if it is over¬
developed, the possessor is the sort of person who
idolizes children and spoils them; but if it is non¬
existent, the further children are away from them
the better. (See Fig. 5.)
The Stability Area—In Fig. 6, this area is denoted
by the arrow. It marks out the part of the brain
which gives a man his strength of mind and makes
him strong willed. When normally developed,
such a person is a tower of strength, but not by
any means cruel. When over-developed, it makes
for stubbornness and obstinacy and, when under¬
developed, you have a changeable, vacillating
nature.
The Conscientious Area—This is situated beside
the “ Stability Area ” and is marked on Fig. 6 by
means of a dotted position. When this portion
of the head is properly developed, it shows that
the person is invariably actuated by a sense of
duty. He plans, in all things, to do what he feels

to be right and he would die rather than betray
a trust.
When this area is too full, the individual never
gets far because he is always stopping to question
himself as to whether his actions are right. An
under-developed area shows the type of person
who lacks all sense of shame.
The Self-Esteem Area—This is the part of the
head which controls an individual's self-esteem or
pride and dignity. It is marked on Fig. 7 by the
arrow. As we all know, some people take great
pride in all their actions and in themselves gener¬
ally. They do it simply because they feel that it
is the only proper course. Such people have the
area well-developed. Of course, the area can be
too full and then we find the owner gives himself
“ airs and graces," and doing his best to impress
people that he is of superior clay. When the area
is sub-normal, we have the “ don’t care ’’ type
of person who always takes the line of least
resistance.
The Constructive Area—The position of this area
is shown by the dotted oval on Fig. 7. It can be
seen best when looking at a full face. If a distinct
bulge of the cranium bone can be detected, it
shows an individual with a constructive nature.
He or she is gifted in making things of a concrete
or abstract kind, and is never so pleased as when
his or her handiwork grows to fruition.
The Happiness Area—Just below the “ Con¬
structive Area ” is the section of the brain which
controls a person’s capacity for happiness. If he
has it well-developed, he is a cheerful, happy
mortal who knows how to look on the bright side
of things. When over-developed, he can never
be taken seriously as one gains the impression
that he is playing the fool. If under-developed,
he is of the mournful type who always goes about
with a long face.
The Inhahitive Area—Fig. 8 shows that this area
comes just above the “ Parental-Love ” area.
The “ Inhabitive Area ” is that part of the brain
which determines the amount of importance a
person attaches to his home and the life led within
it. If this area is normal, the possessor will regard
his or her home as the hub of the universe, the
centre of all attractions and the place where
pleasures are most abundant. Should there be an
over-development of this area, the person will
be house-proud: his home will be too strictly

regulated to be comfortable and he will venerate
his ancestral fireside so much that nothing on
earth will persuade him to go out into the world
in search of a fortune. When under-developed,
the reverse of these conditions may be surmised.
CHAPTER III
FACES-THEIR SHAPE
No two people have the same shape of face, yet

it is very rare to come across a face that does not
fall readily into one of nine typical groups. On
page 25, these nine different shapes are drawn.
None of them appears attractive and nobody will
be thrilled on having his own particular shape
pointed out to him. That is because we are dealing
with outlines and all the features are missing.
On turning to the illustrations, we find that
Fig. 9 represents the standard shape of face. It
portrays the shape which most men and women
have in this country. The widest part is across
the forehead, but there is no lack of width above
the forehead, while the chin and the jaw are
square and strong.
Fig. 10 is another good type, but it is not the
equal of the former. The bulge about the ears
has gone and there is less decision shown by the
24
Faces—their Shape 25
and not to the person who has pendulous cheeks
which give him the same outline of face.
Fig. 17 completes the nine typical shapes. It
belongs to an individual with an overwhelming
opinion of himself and whose pride and self¬
esteem are out of all proportion to his true merits.
If you bought him at your valuation and sold him
at his own, you would make a fortune.
CHAPTER IV
THE EYES
It has been said, with much truth, that the eyes

are the windows of the mind. To appreciate the
force of this statement, just glance at anyone who
happens to be near you and try to guess what he
or she is thinking. Instinctively, you will look
at the person’s eyes in order to find the answer
to your question.
The eyes, then, are an indication of the mind
that is working behind them and they show, more
than any other single feature, what the capacity
is of the mind to which they are linked. Thus,
the eyes provide a highly important clue to the
owner’s character.
Generally speaking, a large eye is a sign of
strength, honesty and courage, while a small eye
stands for the reverse of these qualities.
A bright eye betokens a happy, contented
person, and a dull eye points to indolence, an
absence of grit and, sometimes, to dishonesty.
29
z6 How to Read Heads and Faces
jaw-formation. Still, there are no signs of weak¬
ness, and the possessor of such a» face will be
strong in character, though less so than Fig. 9.
It is likely, however, that he will be a more gentle
and kindly character.
Fig. 11 is something of a contradiction, but so
are many of our friends. The upper half of the
face plainly says that the possessor is an idealist.
He loves the beautiful and he values knowledge.
The lower half, however, indicates strength and
determination. Thus, the person owning such a
face wavers between aesthetic things and practical
things. More often than not, this means that one
cannot rely on him being two days alike. Occa¬
sionally, this type is found in a father who is
quite prepared to lead a rough and ready life,
himself, but is determined that his sons shall be
“ little gentlemen.55
Fig. 12 reveals the type of person who sets
store on culture and is, usually, of a polished
nature. Often, he thinks deeply and has good
reasoning ability. But, his dignity is tinged with
sadness and he is by no means a merry mortal.
When illness comes along, he makes a poor
invalid, since he is too introspective.
Faces-—their Shape 27
Fig. 13—It might be thought that no person

ever had a head of this shape. As a matter of
fact, it is an exact reproduction of the face of a
person whose name is a household word. The
shape reveals much obstinacy and any owner of
such a face would manifestly be a difficult person
to live with or do business with. Still, we must
admit that if he gave his word, he would keep it.
Fig. 14 is the face of a person of limited out¬
look. He leads a narrow existence and views life
through smoke-coloured glasses. He has very
little physical courage and on the subject of money
and finance, he is a babe.
Fig. 15 is, in some ways, the reverse of the
previous example. He is a jolly sort of person,
always laughing and cracking jokes, but he is
not over-refined. He likes to be comfortable and
he is an adept at seeing he is comfortable.
Fig. 16 is the head of a ponderous person. He
is slow in movement and speech; often he is
equally so in comprehension. There is but little
originality in what he thinks and what he does,
and there are fears that he lacks culture. Of
course, this diagnosis is directed to the individual
whose bone-formation accords with the diagram
An eye that can look straight at you, without
wavering and yet not staring, tells that the owner
is reliable and dependable, and that he will do far
more good than harm in the world. On the other
hand, the eye that cannot look at you for any
length of time, but needs to wander away, indi¬
cates the unreliable and undependable type. You
should think twice before trusting such a person.
The staring eye indicates a degree of intelligence
that is none too high. It is often seen when a
person is known to be particularly dull. But let
us hasten to add that all small children stare
because they are unable to focus their eyes. Thus,
a mother noticing that her baby stares must not
conclude that it is, therefore, going to grow up
to be an imbecile.
Though the colour of an eye is not a very sure
test of the owner’s character, it may be mentioned,
for what it is worth, that people who have shown
a high standard of learning are largely blue-eyed,
whilst men and women who have become captains
of industry are very often dark brown eyed.
The limpid eye, especially if large, is an almost
infallible sign of quiet, unassuming kindliness.
If a person has the habit of expressing his
The Eyes 31
emotions by gradually contracting his eyes, until

they become mere beads, you will know he has
an ungovernable temper.
Eyes set far back in the head, if of normal or
large size, reveal the thinker. But beady eyes,
when similarly set, are more likely to indicate a
crafty nature.
When eyes are set forward and stand out (See
Fig. 18), the possessor is likely to be coarse-
minded and lacking in refinements.
All the above tests may be applied by merely
glancing at the people whose characters we are
examining. The following tests, however, are
more specialized. To carry them out, it is neces¬
sary to imagine a line running across the eye from
corner to corner.
1. When this line is horizontal and the part
of the ball above the line is clearly more than the
part below the line, you have a normal type of
individual. He is well-balanced and his views are
sane (Fig. 19).
2. When this line is not horizontal, but it travels
upwards from the nose towards the outer edge of
the face, you have a crafty person. If the tilt is
considerable, so is the degree of the craft; if it is
hardly noticeable, your subject may be described
as merely wily (Fig. 20). *
3. When the tilt of this line is high near the
nose and low at the side of the face (Fig. 21), you
have somebody who succeeds through bounce
rather than brains.
4. When this line runs along the lower edge of
the eye, or nearly so (Fig. 22), it shows a practical
nature. In men, it will mean good business ability :
in women, there will be a home run by clockwork.
In neither case is there a great show of affection.
5. When the eye is shaped as in Fig. 23, there
are signs of artistic ability; but there is, also, a
good deal of emotion. The symmetry of the part
above and the part below the imaginary line shows
this. A person having such an eye will be capable
of great affections ; but these affections will often
lead more to unhappiness than to pleasures.
6. When the eye is a flattened oval, as shown
in Fig. 24, you have the worrying nature, the
person who is always dissatisfied and generally
grumbling.
7. When the upper edge of the lid droops over
the pupil (Fig. 25), the individual is not too par¬
ticular as regards his morals.
The Eyes 33
c
We have now dealt with all the signs that can

be relied upon. But before turning to the next
feature, a word must be said about squints and
similar eye defects. Many authorities claim that
these defects are the sign of dishonesty and that
people possessing them should not be trusted. As
a matter of fact, a squint is a mechanical defect
which cannot have the slightest bearing on a
person’s character.
CHAPTER V
THE EYEBROWS
Though the eyebrows help in determining a
person’s character, it is hardly ever safe to con¬

sider them by themselves. The correct plan is to
read them in company with the eyes. Then, if
they happen to contradict whatever the eyes say,
the force of the eye-reading is lessened and, if they
support what the eyes indicate, the eye reading
is strengthened.
Roughly speaking, the eyebrows fall into three
main groups, there are (a) the arched brows, (b)
the straight brows and (V) the wavy brows. All
three shapes may be found in varying degrees of
bushiness. Of course, the plucked form of eye¬
brow does not enter into our considerations.
Fig. 26 shows the normal eyebrow. It is curved
with both tips on approximately the same level.
Fig. 27 gives the half-circle eyebrow. It belongs
to a person whose insight of things is not great,
35
and he or she might be termed shallow. Never¬
theless, such a person is often bright and of a
methodical nature. Good nature is a characteristic.
Fig. 28 is the eyebrow of a practical person who
has very little sympathy for such things as music,
painting or poetry. He is far too absorbed in
dealing with the everyday things of life and cares
very little for its beauties.
Fig. 29 reads in much the same way as Fig. 28 :
but, in addition, there are signs of a lack of feeling.
Sympathy is not much in evidence. Curiously
enough, this is the shape of eyebrow which most
women give themselves when they pluck their
own and improve upon nature.
Fig. 30 is, again, a repetition of Fig. 28 : but in
this case there are signs that the owner is a cross
individual and one who easily loses his temper.
Fig. 31 shows an artistic temperament: but the
owner’s nature is much affected by jealousy. He
or she is apt to sulk over trifles and, at times, is
difficult to approach.
Fig. 32 are the eyebrows of a dreamer who
builds castles in the air which come to nothing.
He or she is, however, more likely to be kind and
generous than the reverse.
Eyebrows 37
fig. 2/
Fig. 33 are practical eyebrows, belonging to a
person who can be distinctly helpful in an emer¬
gency. Hard work enters largely into such a
person’s life.
Fig. 34 shows eyebrows that meet in the middle.
When this characteristic is noted, it is well to weigh
up the individual cautiously. In many cases, he
will turn out to be untrustworthy; but this is by
no means an invariable rule.
As we have already indicated, every one of the
above shapes can be found in varying degrees of
thickness. Generally speaking, the finest lines
belong to dainty, neat and punctilious people,
while the bushy types are found on the brows of
those who have what might be called a rugged
and blunt nature. If a bushy eyebrow turns up¬
wards at the outer end (Fig. 35) or in the centre
and is unkempt, you have a person who likes to
be in command of others and give them orders.
Eyebrows 39
CHAPTER VI
THE NOSE
Noses tell quite a lot about the abilities of their

owners and it will console some people to hear
the best-looking noses are not always those which
indicate the finest qualities of character.
Fig. 3 6 may be taken as the normal shape and
anyone with a nose of this type would be of normal
disposition. There is a nicely rounded tip, a good
profile and, in a general way, the appearance is
pleasing.
Fig. 37 is not unlike Fig. 36, except that the tip
is too bulbous. The owner of this nose would
probably be a person who was practical rather
than refined, and he would not worry over details
of dress nor of the condition of his home. If the
bulbous tip is reddened and the shape was acquired
in middle or later life, there is probably a history
of heavy drinking to account for it. It may be,
however, that the owner is a martyr to indiges-
40
The Nose 4i
ffg.45
tion, but it is hardly likely then that the tip would
be so rounded.
Fig. 38 and Fig. 39 both reveal business ability
and sound money-making qualities; but in the
case of Fig. 38, the owner would be relentless
and the type of man who would ride over others
to attain his own ends ; while the owner of Fig.
39 would get there just the same, but he would
not sink others in the attempt. The difference
of the two types lies in the fact that one tip is
pointed, the other is not, and that the first profile
is of serpentine shape, the second is a domed
curve.
Fig. 40 belongs to the cold, unsympathetic
individual who has never a thought for others.
He will think of himself every time. There are
signs that he may be refined and even punctilious.
Usually, this is a very thin nose and the thinner
it is, the more will he be grasping. Most likely,
the owner’s health will be poor. This is because
he has not a good shaped nose with which to
breathe and his lungs will suffer accordingly.
Fig. 41 belongs to a low type of intelligence.
The savage tribes of Africa provide countless
examples of this particular shape, and it is not
The Nose 43
unusual in the dockland areas of this country.

Of course, men who have been keen boxers
or rugger players often display noses not un¬
like the one shown in the illustration, but in
their case, the shape is acquired and is not
natural.
Fig. 42 is not a particularly attractive shape,
yet it indicates a mind that is fertile and brilliant.
The owner is for ever thinking of new ideas and
of practical ways of carrying them out. He ought
to get on in the world through sheer ability. More¬
over, he has a free and easy manner and a nice
nature.
Fig. 43 must not be confused with Fig. 40.
The two point to people of very different qualities.
In Fig. 43, the tip is less acute and the junction
of nose and forehead shows a very real depression
which is quite absent in Fig. 40. In the present
case, we have a refined, scholarly nature, a clear
brain and evidence that the owner is meant to
get on in the world.
Fig. 44 is the nose of a person who has no high
ideals. He will rush in where angels fear to tread
and make all sorts of silly blunders. He will
jump on people’s corns and never understand a
44 How to Head Heads and Faces
mild rebuke. He will be happy enough because his
own limitations will never occur to him.
This shape must not be confused with the
ordinary type of retrousse nose which is usually
owned by a piquant sort of woman. Of course,
the retrousse or turned-up nose heralds the
inquisitive, pert individual who has a good
nature, is splendid company, but is apt to be
superficial.
Fig. 45 is never seen on a young person, but
is found on people who have attained middle-
life or more. It shows a life of hard work and
much self-denial.
Fig. 46 is another nose that has fully matured.
There is a bulbous tip which is irregular and
shrunken in parts. It is the nose of a man or
woman of first-rate ability, generous minded,
much endowed with kindness and of high moral
courage. The possessor probably enjoys good
health, since his nose is well-shaped for its pur¬
pose of breathing. Consequently, his lungs are
fully developed and the blood stream is kept
clean and purified.
Fig. 47 has the two nostrils obviously divided.
It is a rugged nose, somewhat large. The signs
The Nose 45
are that the owner has excellent powers of dis¬

crimination, while his judgment and advice are
always sound. For the reasons given in the
previous example, the possessor of such a nose
is likely to enjoy good health.
CHAPTER VII
THE LIPS AND MOUTH
Generally speaking, a well-shaped mouth, with
nicely arched and neatly delineated lips, speaks

well for the possessor; but a roughly shaped
mouth must not necessarily be taken as an opposite
sign. It all depends on how the lines are formed.
Of course, a woman’s mouth should be smaller
than a man’s : otherwise the two may be judged
by the same tests.
Fig. 48 may be taken as the average type. The
upper lip is well bowed and the lower lip is suit¬
ably proportioned with its companion. The two
close together with a slight curve,—the curve
dipping down at the centre.
Fig. 49 is very much like the former, except
that the lower lip is somewhat large in proportion
to the upper lip. This is a sign of a kindly nature;
but the owner may be slap-dash and, in extreme
cases, could be vulgar and brassy. If the lower lip
46
The Lips and Mouth 47
Fi<j. 53
is very thick and wide at the middle, a love of
children is indicated.
Fig. 50 reveals lips thinner than the ordinary;
moreover, they close together in a decided curve.
The possessor of such a pair of lips usually has a
good opinion of himself or herself. He or she is
likely to be a noisy sort of person and a bad listener.
Such are usually good company, however, if they
are allowed to do all the talking.
Fig. 51 is most likely a man’s mouth. There
are indications of a good temper and a jolly
nature. Taken all in all, the owner is capable
and able to stand up against misfortunes,—the
latter because of his philosophical outlook on
life.
Fig. 52 has the curious shape of mouth which
continues beyond the tips of the lips. The draw¬
ing illustrates the mouth of a very practical person
who can stand firmly on his or her own feet. He
or she calculates and weighs up things most care¬
fully before taking any risks.
Fig. 5 3 shows the lips of a rather coarse, matter
of fact person. He or she has little use for refine¬
ments, and thinks that creature comforts are the
only things in life that count.
D
Fig. 54 depicts the mouth of a very selfish
person. It would be folly to expect the owner
to go out of his way to do somebody a good turn,
if the doing entailed any little sacrifice. Sympathy
and all the other evidences of the finer feelings
are absent from his “ make-up/’ but secretiveness
is abundantly present.
Fig. 5 5 is the mouth of a man with a grievance.
He is for ever grumbling and complaining. If
he is not picking holes in his boss or the govern¬
ment, it is his wife or the children who have done
something wrong.
Fig. 5 6 is an ugly mouth and one generally
found on a rugged face. The owner means well
and is a person who gets through a vast amount
of hard work : but he or she is seldom really
happy. There is always something to spoil the
harmony. It might be said that he or she enjoys
being miserable.
Fig. 57 is a very different mouth from Fig. 56
though a casual glance might give the idea that
it was the same. Note the shape of the tips of the
upper lip and the serpentine line where the mouth
closes. The whole arrangement indicates a breezy,
good-natured individual who is, probably, not a
teetotaller. He would do anybody a good turn

and would ask no thanks for his pains.
Fig. 58 is the mouth of a dictator, and not a
very pleasant one either. When he climbs to the
top of the tree, pity his poor subordinates ! Though
arrogant, he has an inferiority-complex and is,
therefore, a coward at heart.
Fig. 59 is not the mouth of a person with high
intellect, but just the reverse. He is a buffoon
and wastes his time in posing. If he has any money,
a large proportion of it is spent on dress and
amusements.
Fig. 60 shows a mouth that is usually open
when at rest. It betokens the type of person who
is shallow and not a great thinker.
Fig. 61 presents a mouth showing one lip pro¬
jecting beyond the other. If either lip does this
to any appreciable extent, the owner lacks mental
ability and culture. More often than not, he has
a vile temper.
CHAPTER VIII
THE CHIN
Everybody knows something of the shapes of

chins and how they indicate character. A strong
chin is easily recognised and so is a weak one ;
but between the two there are countless shapes
that are not so readily assessed.
The normal chin, possessed by ordinary, aver¬
age people is (a) slightly less in length than the
width of the mouth, when at rest. The dotted
line A in Fig. 62 should, therefore, be shorter
than the mouth, from tip to tip.
(b) The chin should curve gently round the
face and not be flat in front. Moreover, there
should not be any obvious depression at the
points B and C, which give the idea that a chin
of the wrong size has been fitted to the face.
Thus, there should be a good sweeping curve
from one cheek down to the base of the chin
and up to the opposite cheek. Such an unbroken
sweep is shown in Fig. 62.
52
The Chin 53
(/) The front of the cheek should be marked

by an indistinct line which curves upwards, as
shown by D. Below the curve,* a slight dome¬
shaped fullness should be present.
(d) When viewed in profile, this fullness should
appear as shown in Fig. 63.
(1e) At the base of the chin, absolutely in the
centre, there should be a slight depression, as
marked by the arrow in Fig. 64. It ought not to
be too distinct.
As may be supposed, any departure from these
requirements will mean that the owner’s character
will vary, in some way, from the normal. Here
are the most likely cases :
Taking first, the profile of the chin, Fig. 65
shows an outline that recedes considerably. It is
a very obvious sign that the owner is lacking in
character. He will allow others to trample on
him and never assert himself.
Fig. 66 is, also, an outline that recedes; but not
to the same extent as the former. You still have
a person who lacks brain power and character,
though he shows it less than the former does.
Between Fig. 66 and Fig. 67 is the normal chin
given in Fig. 63. Therefore, Fig. 67 shows a
Tie Chin
shape that is more than normal. It belongs to an
individual who is aggressive and who is only
satisfied when he has his own way. Mind you,
he can be perfectly charming when given what
he wants.
Fig. 68 shows an even more aggressive nature—
one that may easily be quite unbearable, unless
the owner’s whims are pandered to.
Fig. 69 curves less and is flatter than Fig. 68.
In this instance, the individual has not the vital
energy to be aggressive, but he can be obstinate.
Many such chins belong to people who know how
to be remarkably funny, but for this they have to
be in the right mood. At other times, they may
be morose.
Fig. 70 is the reverse of the previous. It is a
comparatively small chin, fitted to a large face.
The owner is a person of culture who is too emo¬
tional. He is easily offended and, then, he takes
things very much to heart.
Fig. 71 shows a chin which provides the widest
part of the face. It belongs to a slow thinker who
likes comforts and good food. More than likely,
he. is good-natured or perhaps it is nearer the
truth to say he is not bad-tempered.
The Chin 57
Fig. 72 has an unbounded opinion of his good

qualities which he can see, but others fail to find.
He is a bit of a bore.
Fig. 73 shows, by means of the arrow, the
curved line on the chin. Normally, this should
be only just discernable.
(a) If it is very clear, you have a person
who is over-active, but how that activity will
be expended is a question that cannot be
answered.
(b) If the line is practically absent, expect a
placid type, one that is never eager for anything.
He or she will let things slide and, therefore, is
undependable.
Reverting to Fig. 64, we note that the depression,
shown by the arrow, is a normal sign. When this
is deeply indented so that the flesh on either side
is obviously rounded, you have a person capable
of great affection for the opposite sex.
If the line is practically absent, the owner has
very little romance in his nature. He is too matter
of fact and shows very little interest in the opposite
sex.
Of some people, it might be claimed that they
have no chins at all, or perhaps it would be more
correct to say that their chins merge into their
faces. Fig. 74 shows such an example. The owners
of these chins are usually cheerful, jolly people
who are happy-go-lucky. They worry over nothing
and they let things take their course.
CHAPTER IX
THE EARS
Character is not expressed very definitely by

means of a person’s ears. Nevertheless, there are
a few indications worth noting.
Seeing that ears are primarily intended for pur¬
poses of hearing, it will be fitting to commence
with a description of what may be termed the
musical ear.
Kg- 75 shows such an ear and it will be found
on people who have real musical appreciation.
The outer edge is rolled over and thus forms a
curved channel which catches the sound. The
curve, it will be seen, is directed inwards and
conveys the sound waves to the ear drum without
any distortion. Its perfect arrangement of curves
thus enables the organ to perform its work thor¬
oughly well.
Note that this ear is graceful in appearance;
the width is about two-thirds of the height;
59
60 How to Head Heads and Faces
and the lobe may be taken as being of normal
size.
Fig. 76 shows an ear with an outer roll having
a flattened edge, and a curved channel that fades
away. The total width is no more than half the
height and the lobe is inordinately long. The owner
of such an ear will not appreciate the beauty of
sounds, whether of music or poetry, and most
likely, he will be practical rather than artistic. A
large lobe suggests a “ rough-and-ready ” tem¬
perament.
Fig. 77 is the ear of an unmusical person. The
straight lines and the angular formations make it
totally unsuitable for the appreciation of beautiful
sounds. It is, however, a manly ear which indi¬
cates force and courage.
Fig. 78 has most of the defects of the former,
but the owner is more likely to be finicking and,
perhaps, small-minded than courageous. In some
cases, the love of showy clothes and the wearing
of jewellery will prove a weakness.
Fig. 79 is drawn to show an ear with an imper¬
fect lobe. Fig. 80 gives a side view of the same
ear. Instead of the lobe curving up to join the
side of the face, it makes contact with the cheek
The Ears
at its lowest point. Owners of such ears are said
to have very little in the way of deep feeling. They
do not worry much about the troubles of others,
arguing that what will be, will be.
Fig. 81 shows an ear that does not lie flat against
the head, but curls over away from it. The owner
belongs to a family that has suffered deprivations
through several recent generations.
Fig. 82 is another type of ear which does not
lie flat against the head ; but in this case there is
no curl at the upper edge. It is a straight ear set
at an angle. Most people who have such ears are
noted for their humorous natures.
Fig. 83 shows the normal level of the ear in
relation to the eye. As will be seen, the top edge
of the ear should come about the same height
as the horizontal axis of the eye. To be set much
above or below this is a fairly accurate sign that
the intelligence is inferior. There used to be an
impression that people with low-set ears were
born to be hanged. We are not in a position to
support or refute the allegation.
CHAPTER X
THE CHEEKS
The cheeks demand our attention, since according

to their form, size and colouring, they are signs
of good health or the reverse, and, consequently
of the owner’s digestion, energy, amiability and
his other qualities.
The cheeks, it may be claimed, are the outward
symbols of the lungs. If the latter are healthy and
vigorous, the circulation will be good and, as a
result, the cheeks will be full, firm-fleshed, and
the complexion more or less rosy in hue.
Should the lungs be weak and inert, the facial
muscles will be thin, and the complexion pale.
In extreme cases of weakness, there may be a
hectic spot just below the cheek bone, on a line
midway between the lower part of the nose and
the opening of the ear.
Good digestion is revealed by the laughing
muscular ridge which lies across the face from the
63
sides of the nose down to the lower jaw. Naturally,
these lines are found in pairs, one on either side
of the face. *
When the cheeks are flabby and encroach upon
the nose, there is more pretence of being assertive,
by nature, than there is actual strength of character.
Flushing of the cheeks is a species of blushing;
but while all healthy, hearty and happy people
may blush, flushing belongs more to a state of
high nervous tension and sensitiveness, which is
abnormal rather than healthy.
In a general way, it may be claimed that when
the cheeks are of a good colour, neither too pale
nor yet too highly tinted, the temperament will
be satisfactory. When they are yellowish or other¬
wise discoloured, some form of complaint is
indicated.
Secondly, when the cheeks are over-full or
definitely bony and lined, the temperament will
suffer in some way. Good health is only present
when they are fairly full and firm.
CHAPTER XI
THE TEETH
A good set of teeth makes a wonderful addition

to a pleasant face and, conversely, a decayed and
unhealthy set will ruin even the most beautiful
expression. Thus, it is that teeth are important
when considering appearances: they are even
more so when thinking of character, temperament
and health.
There is no need to explain what good teeth
are like : everybody knows without being told:
but it may be said that the owner of a perfect
set is a healthy person, who is methodical, tidy,
painstaking and, perhaps, lucky in addition.
When the teeth depart from this standard of
excellence, the following conclusions may be made :
(a) Small, weak and irregular teeth belong to
persons of defective vitality and poor digestion,
who are generally of tractable, obedient or gentle
dispositions.
E 65
([b) Small but even and regular teeth, good in
form and colour, belong to fine organisations,
versatile and social dispositions, ’people who are
clearheaded, but who have not massive or brilliant
intellects.
(c) People possessing broad and even teeth,
somewhat larger than normally, have good healthy
constitutions, warm natures and, in general, they
are generous, hospitable and liberal.
(d) Projecting teeth indicate a certain amount
of latent or real aggressiveness.
(ie) High, thin teeth, scattered and irregular,
proclaim a weak constitution, irregular action and
not much vitality nor staying power.
(f) People who expose their gums, as well as
their teeth, in talking and laughing are, in general,
soft and pliable and are easily deceived, flattered
or misled. They exhibit thereby a flabbiness of
structure, a want of muscular tension, and conse¬
quently they lack force of character.
Of course, it is very necessary to differentiate
between a set of real and false teeth, when con¬
sidering the owner’s character or temperament.
CHAPTER XII
THE HAIR
The hair on a person’s head tells us something of

his or her character, though perhaps not so much
as many people would like us to believe.
First of all, let us refute the popular impression
that the colour affords a good clue. When it
comes to facts and not vague ideas, it will be
found that no one colour has been specially
reserved for the good and some other colour—
not even auburn—for the wicked. Angels and
villains can be found with every shade of tresses.
If any conclusion can be derived from the
colour of the hair, it is when the head and the
eyebrows are given entirely different colours, such
as red hair for the head and brown for the eye¬
brows, or black hair for the head and brown for
the eyebrows. Then you have an individual who
is likely to be unstable, changeable and wavering.
Beyond that, it would be unsafe to go.
6?
When, however, the texture and the condition
of the hair are considered, the conclusions are
likely to be much more reliable. It can be affirmed
that people with soft, silky hair that tends to be
polished are more methodical, more punctual and
better able to deal with the recurring commonplace
details of everyday life than people with coarse,
unruly hair. But the latter are more likely to be
good tempered and affectionate.
If the hair is a mass of tight curls, you may
suspect an individual who is likely to be unreliable,
and if a man habitually allows his hair to be long,
do not be surprised if he contradicts you. He will
have tiresome views about everything.
Regarding the way the hair covers the head
the following tests are reliable :
{a) If the hair commences low down on the
forehead, as Fig. 84, suspect a rather mean person
who might easily do you a bad turn behind your
back.
(b) If the hair commences at the top of the
crown, as Fig. 85, the owner will be a person
who fancies his own opinions and is apt to sneer
at others. Of course, we are only referring to
cases when the hair commences naturally at this
The Hair
point and not when it reaches this position through
advancing baldness.
(c) If the hair starts low down^on the back of
the neck, as Fig. 86, you have the same type as
(a) above, but the degree of meanness will be
considerably less. (Note that the arrow shows
where the hair normally starts.)
(d) If the hair begins high up on the back of
the neck, as Fig. 87, the reading is the same as
(b) above.
(e) If the line of the hair on the forehead is
pointed at the centre, as Fig. 88, this is usually
considered to be a sign that the owner sets great
5tore on family ties.
CHAPTER XIII
THE PROPORTIONS OF THE FACE
Three diagrams are given on page 73 : they

illustrate faces having very different proportions.
Fig. 89 may be taken as an example of normal
proportions. As the scale on the left shows, an
ordinary face should be equal in length between
the top of the forehead to the level of the eye¬
brows and from the base of the nose to the lower
edge of the chin. The intervening space should
be slightly less than either of these equal parts.
When a face conforms to these requirements,
there is every possibility that the owner will be
a normal person.
Fig. 90 reveals a type in which the “ nose ”
section has encroached on the one above and
below it. A person with such proportions of face
cannot help having an inquisitive and suspicious
nature. Of course, the face which we have por¬
trayed reveals other defects as well. For instance,
71
the mouth depicts cruelty and the forehead a
limited intelligence.
Fig. 91 shows a face in which the “ chin ”
section is the strongest, while the “ nose ” and
especially the “ forehead ” sections are cramped.
Here we have a type of person who is conceited.
He over-rates his abilities, is obstinate and might
easily be a funny fellow.
Of course, if the “ forehead ” section shows the
longest of the three divisions, there is an indica¬
tion of brain power, but it may be that the owner
belongs to the annoying scholarly type that is too
clever. Therefore, if your own face conforms
most to Fig. 89, you have every reason to be
thankful.
Proportions of the Face
I*'*-
CHAPTER XIV
THE RIM OF THE HEAD
Recently, we had an interesting interview with

a hatter who had made a life-study of his customers’
heads—and of other people’s as well. In the course
of his business, he had taken the shapes of thous¬
ands of heads and, he told us, he had gradually
grown to associate certain shapes with definite
temperaments. In his own mind, he was quite
sure that some, though not all, personal charac¬
teristics were registered by the contour of the
skull.
Probably there is a great deal in his contention,
but what we feel is that too little is yet known of
this department of phrenology to set forth his
views with the same finality as he attached to
them.
There is no doubt that the subject is of deep
interest and of much importance and, as this is a
book dealing with heads, it is not out of place to
74
The Rim of the Head
75
Ad Heads, ale °"

Twined fe the Left. •
set down the hatter’s opinions, even though they
may have to be taken with a certain amount of
reserve. t
We copied from his books, the shapes of eight
heads and he told us what he knew of the history
of the customers whose heads they depicted. It
must be understood that the drawings represent
the aspect of the head which it is a hatter’s business
to fit; also that every one of the faces are turned
to the left.
Fig. 92 belonged to a man who was noted for
his friendly manner. He was always extremely
courteous and usually cautious.
Fig- 93 was a man who was enthusiastic about
beautiful things.
Fig. 94 came from a customer who had intel¬
lectual ability and who was responsible for a
number of inventions.
Fig. 95 was a walking encyclopaedia. His know¬
ledge of facts and figures was wonderful.
Fig. 96 belonged to a man of great dignity who
felt he could never be wrong.
Fig. 97 represented the head of a gilded youth
who lived on the wealth of his father. He had
not two ideas in his head.
The Kim of the Head 77
Fig. 98 was a real philosopher.
Fig. 99 was the head of a regular customer who
suddenly disappeared. Later, it was learnt that he
had been convicted on a charge of cruelty.
As a general rule, the hatter seemed to think
that heads that were irregular in shape were usually
the best and, of course, the large sizes always out¬
distanced the small ones.
CHAPTER XV
UNCLASSIFIED CLUES AS TO CHARACTER
Certain head and facial characteristics refuse to
be classified. Accordingly, we are grouping them

together under the present heading.
The first example is shown in Fig. ioo. There
we have the head of a man possessing an inordin¬
ately prominent jaw-bone. Anyone with such a
jaw would be sure to have the spirit of contrari¬
ness very strongly impressed on him. He would
take a delight in going against the wishes of others
and thwarting their reasonable desires.
Fig. ioi shows a much more pleasant person.
At the outer end of his eyelid, he has a network
of lines, sometimes called “ crow’s feet.” It is
not the result of a wrinkling due to advancing
age, but to a merry twinkling in his eye which
records his happy, laughing nature.
The next clue is suggested by Fig. 102. You
sometimes see people with a very clearly traced
78
Unclassified Clues as to Character 79
hollow in the middle of the forehead, at the point
indicated by the arrow. This definitely means
revenge and those who possess this characteristic
find it difficult to forgive.
Fig. 103 shows a face with a peculiar set of
lines at the middle of the forehead, just above the
summit of the nose. Usually, there are about
three vertical lines or wrinkles and, at least, one
horizontal line. The latter comes just at the top
of the nose. All these may be taken as a sign that
the possessor is a man who can concentrate his
thoughts. Thus, he should be able to pass exam¬
inations and, to name a very different sphere of
activity, he would make a good detective. He is
patient and painstaking, but he may also be prosy.
Fig. 104 shows a person with a wide neck. It
is a sign of courage. The possessor of such a
neck hardly knows what fear is. On the other
hand, a thin neck stands for timidity. The two
types are well exemplified in the animal world
by the bull-dog and the giraffe.
Fig. 105, also, deals with necks. In this case,
there is not so much a wide neck, all round, as
a full neck at the back. This is a sign of a strong
will, and anyone showing this trait will be sure
Unclassified Clues as to Character 81
to be headstrong. He is likely to be wilful and
positive. When illness overtakes him, he must
guard against such chest complaints as bronchitis
and pneumonia. If he were to contract either, it
would go hard with him.
Fig. 106 deals with the eyes in relation to the
nose. In the figure, two eyes are shown with the
dotted outline of a third eye placed between them.
This is to point out that a person should have
just as much space between his two eyes as the
width of one of them. If he has more or less
space than this between his eyes, it is a sign that
he is either cruel or unreliable. Of course, the
space must be obviously disproportioned before
any reliance can be placed in the test.
PART TWO
CHAPTER XVI
THE SIZE OF THE HEAD
In earlier chapters, we have dealt with the size

and shape of the head in a popular manner, so
that our readers could formulate opinions at a
glance. But we are conscious that many students
of phrenology will require fuller information on
the subject and, for them, this section of the book
is specially written.
In the first place, it cannot be said too clearly
that the size of the brain is all important: but
without quality, size counts for very little. All
truly great men have great or large heads : but all
men having great or large heads are not great
men. Here you have in a nutshell a practical
illustration of what is meant by quantity and
quality. In the first class of heads, represented
by truly great men, you have not only volume,
83
weight or quantity of brain : but there is fineness
of texture or quality as well. In the latter class,
you have the quantity minus the quality. In prac¬
tice, it will be found that every type of head
between these indicated exists, but in no instance
will anything be found to mitigate or undermine
the essential principle of phrenology, as indicated
throughout nature, viz. Si%e, other things being equal,
is the measure of power. Consequently, phrenologists
are able to tell from the size of an organ its power
of manifestation: and from the energy of its
manifestation, its relative size.
It cannot be too strongly impressed on the
student that size is one of the most important
factors in estimating mental ability, disposition,
or character. Intellectual men will never be found
whose heads measure less than 21 inches in cir¬
cumference, and less than 10J inches from ear
to ear, by way of the forehead. You may find
smartness, memory for words, capacity for “ crib¬
bing ” and the diluting of other men’s ideas,
considerable dexterity, manipulative power, and
even artistic and musical tastes, but no originality,
and certainly no strength of intellect, with such
a brain.
The Si^e of the Head 85
Twenty-two inches is a good average measure¬
ment for an adult male head; zz\ inches for the
North American, Canadian, German, Anglo-Celtic
and Anglo-Saxon head ; while it will be found that
the inhabitants of colder countries have heavier
brains and larger heads (due allowance being
made for fat and integuments) than those pos¬
sessed by people of Southern latitudes.
In Southern climes, the struggle for existence
is not so great as it is in the Northern latitudes;
therefore Inventiveness, Constructiveness, Execu¬
tiveness, and the offensive, defensive and sustain¬
ing faculties of the mind are not so much called
forth in that struggle.
As already stated, 22 inches is a good average
size, with 10J inches from ear to ear for an adult
man. Vigour and stamina of brain increase with
weight and size up to 24 or, perhaps, 24J inches
in circumference. If there is great fineness of
organisation, or even excessive mental develop¬
ment, at this size or over, there is a suspicion of
disease, which you should be on the alert to
detect. The brain of an idiot, for instance, may
appear to be perfectly healthy, but it will be found
either defective in form, poor or coarse in quality.
86 Flow to Read Heads and Faces
whether large or small in quantity. In the majority
of cases, it will be found defective in form, coarse
in grain and deficient in quantity. More often than
not, idiocy arises absolutely from want of brains.
With 18 inches in circumference and under, with
the brain correspondingly small, and massed prin¬
cipally low down at the back of the head, no
matter how fine the organisation, good the quality,
or healthy the brain, you may again expect in¬
capacity and want of power. If there is not posi¬
tive imbecility, you will at least be justified in
looking for it.
Regarding women, it may be said that their
normal measurements are about a half to a full
inch less than those of men. Moreover, it is
definitely untrue that the female brain attains its
maximum size and weight at eleven years of age,
as some physiologists state. Nor does the male
brain reach maturity at fourteen.
The brain develops rapidly in childhood and
increases gradually through youth to manhood.
During adult age, a visible increase is often detected
up to the age of forty.
The circumference of a boy’s head at birth, in
this country, averages about 12 inches. At six
The Si\e of the Head 87
Fig. 107.
Diagram showing the Change of Size and Form,
with corresponding Brain Developments, in Growth
from an Infant to an Adult.
months, it has grown to 15 inches and to 17 inches

at twelve months. It then makes slow progress
up to 27 years of age, when it should attain the
measurements already set out. During all these
years, there is an increased development of the
perceptives, knowing, reflective, moral and semi¬
refining faculties, as suggested by the accompany¬
ing outline. Fig, 107. Here you see at a glance
the perfected male head contrasted with the im¬
mature one of childhood.
Regarding the size of heads,' the celebrated
scientist, Macnish, says : “ A large brain, other
circumstances being equal, will be superior in
power to a smaller one. Facts place this beyond
a doubt. A large-brained person acquires a natural
ascendancy over another whose cerebral system is
smaller. A nation of small-brained people is
easily conquered and held in subjection. The size
of the Scotch brain was probably one of the
causes which rendered the permanent subjugation
of Scotland by the English impossible. No man
acquires a supremacy over masses of his fellow-
men, without a large head. The head of Pericles,
who wielded at will the fierce democracy of
Athens, was of extraordinary size. Mirabeau,
whose thunders shook the National Assembly of
France ; Danton, who rode like an evil spirit on
the whirlwind of the French Revolution ; Franklin,
who guided by the calm power of his wisdom and
virtue the legislation of America, had all of them
heads of uncommon size. That of Mirabeau is
spoken of as enormous, and he is known to have
possessed incredible force of character, as well
The Si%e of the Head 89
as distinguished talent. There is not a single
instance of any one with a small or moderate¬
sized brain wielding multitudes like the iron-
hearted Cromwell, or raising himself from a
private station to the most splendid throne in
the Europe of his days like the Emperor Napoleon.
To accomplish such feats, not merely great intel¬
lect is demanded, but commanding force of char¬
acter, arising from an unusual size of the brain.
Some time ago. Dr. Elliotson presented to the
London Phrenological Society the cast of the
head of a male idiot, aged eighteen years, which
measured only 16 inches in circumference, and
yf- inches from ear to ear over the vertex. The
cerebrum weighed but 1 lb, 7J ozs., and the cere¬
bellum but 4 ozs. : in all 1 lb. njozs. Compare
this with the brain of Cuvier which weighed
3 lbs. 10 ozs. 4-| drms ! Where the circumference
of the adult head is under 17 inches, mental im¬
becility is the inevitable consequence.5’
Size, though important, is by no means every¬
thing and the student who based his deductions
on this one factor alone would soon be led astray.
What is important is to note where and how the
mass of the brain—its size, in fact—is distributed.
90 Hoiv to Read Heads and Faces
Thus, the student must ask himself a number of
questions, when examining a head. First, does
the forehead present, in addition to a broad and
high front, a good depth of frontal mass, i.e., a
mass of head in front of the ears ? Second, is it
really a large forehead in breadth, height and
depth, showing large anterior lobes, and if so
what is the quality of organisation, coarse or fine,
obtuse or acute ? How often is it that a person
is actually “ shallow-minded,” yet having breadth
and height but no depth of forehead, being perhaps
foreshortened in the length of the anterior brain-
fibre ! Take a third instance : the forehead may
overhang, giving what is known as “ thumbed-
in ” perspectives, showing plenty of brain in
reality, but “ bad in form,” an unbalanced head,
in fact. The excess of the reflectives over the
perceptives will then give much learning, theory
and disposition to philosophise, but very little
practicality. Or there may be an excess in the
perceptives over the reflectives, which may give
plenty of idle observation, vulgar staring without
adequate reason, quickness of action, plenty to
say, but little wisdom, little thoughtfulness or
consideration for others. All these variations of
The Sige of the Head 91
form, and many others, must be taken into account

when estimating the mental worth of a person’s
brain-complex.
MEASUREMENTS
It is clear that your estimates, in the majority

of cases, must be made by the eye, and without
the aid of tape measures. You cannot measure,
for instance, the head of the man who is sitting
opposite you in a bus : though, if you are an
ardent student of phrenology, you will often
estimate the measurements of the people you
meet and so sum-up their mental worth.
But to take actual measurements provides valu¬
able practice and experience, and whenever a
friend will allow you to examine his head, you
should grasp the opportunity. The method of
procedure is as follows :
Take your first measurement over the base of the
brain, around the heady from C to D and back to C
(Fig. 108), and your second from G to OA and back
to G.
These measurements ought to be about the
same : but, in practice, the first is usually a little
larger. As already stated, the lesser measurement
should be about 22 inches for average heads.
Fig. 108.
How to take the Measurements of the Head.
(a) If the first measurement exceeds the second

by from J to f inch, you have a brain suited to
the needs of a pushing business man.
(b) If both measurements are about 22^ inches,
a literary or scholastic type of man is indicated.
(c) If the measurements reach 23 inches, or are
slightly more, the possessor might well be a man
of science.
The Sige of the Head 93
(d) If the second measurement is larger than

the first by about an inch, your subject is more
of a theoretical than a practical man. It would
be highly unsafe to pay any heed to his views on
everyday matters.
Your third measurement should he made from the
centre of one ear (A) to the centre of the other ear, passing
through F on the way (Fig. 108).
In a good average head, it will be found that
this measurement, A to F and on to A, at the
opposite side, will be almost the same as the
measurement from B, at the bridge of the nose,
to F and down the back of the head to the point
OC, at the junction of the head and neck. It may,
however, be less by half an inch without any
disquieting effect.
(a) In fact, when the first measurement is less
than the second by about half an inch, you have
a subject in which the social, moral, aspiring and
intellectual developments are in excess of the
purely executive and selfish faculties.
(b) When the head is much higher than it is
broad, the man may be amiable and possessed
with a strong sense of justice; yet its excess will
lead to exacting extremes and censoriousness in
the government and direction of others, as well
as imparting a feeling that there are few persons
who can do anything as well as ’he can.
{c) More width than height often indicates a
lack of moral attributes, there being greater secre¬
tiveness, acquisitiveness, destructiveness, and cau¬
tiousness than moral and spiritual development.
(d) Such a head as (c\ associated with a low
type of organisation, is certainly a criminal one,
detected or otherwise.
We have now set out the main features relating
to the sizes of heads, and will pass on to the allied
subject which deals with the forms of heads.
CHAPTER XVII
THE FORM OF THE HEAD
Having considered size at some length, the form

or shape of people’s heads must necessarily come
next for discussion. The two are so intimately
connected that, in practice, it is almost impossible
to think of one without the other.
At the outset, it is important to recognise that
the form or shape of a head invariably corresponds
to its owner’s temperament and, therefore, it will
always indicate his predominant physiology. In
other words, form reveals character.
Since form controls the character, phrenologists
teach their students by the aid of plaster casts of
heads. The method, we know, has been decried
by many, on the grounds that you cannot attribute
character, with any sense of justification, to an
object that never possessed an identity. Such a
contention, however, can only be the result of
95
lack of observation. Form is ever an invaluable
key to temperament: it has also an invariable
relation to quality, i.e., the fineness, delicacy,
tension, denseness or coarseness of organism,
structure or physiology. Who ever saw a fine
organisation with prominent and protruding jaws,
receding and low forehead and pendulous abdo¬
men ? Or a fine organisation with disproportion¬

ately long arms, large hands and large, flat feet,
and so on ?
The size and form of the head, presented even
by a plaster cast, would be invaluable indicators
to a phrenologist, not only of temperament, but
The Form of the Head 97
of quality of organisation. For instance, in Fig.

109, the last three heads indicate lower types of
organisation and temperament than the first three.
As will be recognised, the six heads there shown
ascend, from right to left, in quality of structure
as they increase in cranial development or perfec¬
tion of form.
Form, we have claimed, corresponds to
temperament and this enables us to assert
that:
(a) If the nervous physiology or mental tem¬
perament predominates, then we find that there
is a width and fulness to the superior anterior
lobes of the brain. This results in a fulness and
breadth of the forehead, a periform contour to
the face and corresponding expansiveness in the
semi-refining organs.
(h) If the arterial or sanguine physiology
predominates, then we find that the base of
the brain is more fully rounded and larger than
in (a). This results in the social and executive
faculties of the possessor being marked in
character.
(^) If the nervous physiology or the lymphatic
form of the vital temperament predominates, then
the circulation is sluggish and the superior anterior
development of the brain, as seen in the form of
the head, is not so full, while? the parietal and
posterior organs are more marked than in (b), the
face is rounded and there is a round configuration
of the head, the sensuous and social faculties,
which indicate love of life, food and drinks, ease
and quiet enjoyments, are much marked. The
parietal bones, it may be necessary to add, are
the pair of bones, right and left, forming part of
the sides and top of the skull, between the frontal
and occipital bones.
(d) The osseous (bony) and muscular physiology,
or motive temperament, gives height rather than
width to the head. There is less of the activity
of the mental, and warmth and enthusiasm of
the vital, but greater steadiness in action,
conjoined with greater durability and tenacity in
disposition.
There are various phases of this temperament,
according to the way it is modified by others : the
form or physiognomy alters, of course, with the
modification. There are the osseous, the muscular,
the nervous and other forms of the motive tem¬
perament,—the harsher outlines of the first being
modified as it becomes less and the others become

more marked.
The form of the head is obviously all important;
the whole of the present chapter goes to prove
this and our personal experience of people tends
to support the theory. But it is dangerous to
conclude too much from one or, perhaps, a few
characteristics. The one or few characteristics
should certainly be taken into account and they
may well give us reason for building up opinions
in certain directions : but, unless all the character¬
istics are weighed up and taken into account, the
final conclusion will be faulty. If, suppose, one
man manifests more energy and efficiency in a
given direction than another, it must not be con¬
cluded that he is superior, mentally and morally,
to the other, since it may be found that in certain
directions the second may manifest talents and
capabilities which completely throw the first into
the shade. But where each severally excels, the
cranial formation will correspond thereto. Thus,
a sluggish, inactive life cannot be found with
large vitativeness, hope and moderate cautious¬
ness. (These areas are explained in Chapter XIX.)
Nor will an active life be evinced by a person whose
ioo How to Read Heads and Faces
head suggests moderate vitativeness, an excess of
destructiveness, a lack of hope and too much
cautiousness. The energy and executiveness of
one man may be the natural expression of firm¬
ness, self-esteem, hope and destructiveness; of
another that of hope, approbativeness, destructive¬
ness and combativeness. The former will be fired
to action by an entirely different motive from that
of the latter, and the goal of their ambitions will
be as far apart as the poles. What the motive
may be, or the incentives to action, will be readily
discernible in the form of the head.
HEALTH
In delineating character, we now know that

quality is an important feature, and as quality is
very much influenced by health, it follows that a
phrenologist must be able to diagnose bodily ail¬
ments with some degree of accuracy. It is not
suggested that his knowledge of such things
should equal that possessed by the physician : but
it is claimed that he must know the outward signs
of well and ill-being and, unless he does, his
phrenological readings will err, on occasion, and
lack accuracy.
The Form of the Head ioi
All this is necessary because health and the

absence of it produce two very different natures
in the same individual. Great thoughts, noble
sentiments, words that breathe and thoughts
which burn, words of life and vigorous actions,
are not the products of disease but of a healthy
mind. Health, it has been rightly said, is necessary
to greatness. It is not to be denied that some
have done wonders and achieved greatness
under adverse circumstances. Nevertheless, the
principles contended here are true and are in
no way affected by apparent incidents of an
opposite character. One is only left to suppose
that sufferers who have created well would
have created even better had their infirmities not
existed.
The signs of health and disease are not hard
to read. Vitativeness and longevity are never
found with ears buried in the head or with a weak
and retreating chin. Good digestion and corres^
ponding nutritive energy do not accompany a
hollow cheek and high cheek bones. Vitality
never asserts itself with a sunken eye and a leaden
expression. Robust lungs do not go with small
nostrils and thin weak muscles. A vigorous cir-
culation is never seen along with a pale or yellow
skin and cold hands and feet. Hollows beneath
the eyes suggest a predisposition 'to consumption,
while those who are full beneath the eyes are
usually strong in lung and sound in wind and
limb.
Further, it is important for the phrenologist
to be able to tell whether the brain is being supplied
by healthy or diseased blood; whether the mental
powers are strained and, if so, in what sense, and
by what cause or causes. If he sees a bright eye,
fringed by long eyelashes, in company with deli¬
cate nostrils, a porcelain-like complexion and a
frail ensemble, he may think of tuberculosis. In
a fullness of flesh, a bright complexion and a thick
upper lip, he may read the early stages of scrofula.
In pasty, dingy complexions, he may see the
beginning of kidney disease. In waxy appearances
and bloodless features, uterine affections. In the
ogling glance and restless eye, sexual troubles and
local brain disease. In the persistent smiling, star¬
ing, stupid and idiotic grin, other brain affections.
In restlessness and anxiety or depressed spirits,
organic nervous derangement of heart and lungs.
In want of spirit, ennui, lack of ambition and
pluck, stomachic derangements due to a poor

digestion. In face flushings, with blueness under
the eyes, nervous exhaustion.
The red face, accompanying gouty tendencies,
suggests a fondness for stimulants. The face
bloated and blotched, with a red nose, means either
drunkenness, an imperfect circulation or advanced
indigestion. Red cheeks with paleness about the
mouth and nose, and sunken eyes, suggest intes¬
tinal troubles. Wrinkled faces, when not an
accompaniment of old age, are a sign of imperfect
nutrition and, often, of immoral habits. Yellow
complexions, with the white of the eyes tinged
yellowish, suggest a torpid liver, inactivity,
sedentary habits, etc. These are the chief clues
to health and disease as they will present them¬
selves to the student of phrenology. If more
are wanted, they can be found by studying any
of the many books dealing with the symptoms
of diseases.
Of course, the phrenologist must not exceed
his province or usurp the domain of the medical
practitioner. His legitimate work is to analyse
character, to detect defects therein and to expose
them with a view to their successful eradication
or cure, to discover latent talent, to direct man¬
hood’s gifts into the most useful and noble channels,
and to help his fellow man in all* honest waysjto
a true knowledge of himself.
CHAPTER XVIII
THE SIGNS OF TEMPERAMENT
There are several physiological systems in the

human organisation called temperaments. These
have their facial and bodily signs, and correspond
therein to the characteristic brain development.
Thus, we can predict temperament from the size
and form of the head or face ; and, to a less extent,
from the form of the body. The temperament of
the organisation must be the same throughout.
It is reasonable this should be so, if the spirit or
mind of man is to manifest freely through appro¬
priate instruments. There is abundant evidence of
design in the complexity and singular adaptability
of the human organism to manifest mind. It is
the rule, and not the exception, that in whatever
way the mental powers of mind are most charac¬
teristic, the body will indicate them.
The body is made up, as indicated by physiology,
of a large number of distinct organs and each has
its special functions. These are tempered together
105
io6 How to Read Heads and Faces
in the body, so as to give the peculiar constitution
necessary for the work in life required by the
human mind.
These systems or temperaments are variously
combined in different individuals, and to the
variety of these combinations we owe the infinite
form, configuration, colour and character into
which the whole family of man is divided. To
these, the national, racial, family and individual
differences are traceable.
It is true the very soil—the geographical situa¬
tion—on which man lives, the food he eats, the
nature and character of his employments, his
environment and what not, have a very powerful
influence in the development of temperament and
the formation of character. Compare, for instance,
the rugged temperament of the Highland Scot
with that of the Lancashire mill operative, or that
of a country-bred lad with that of the city youth,
and the essential difference of bodily build, tex¬
ture, density and durability will be readily detected.
Temperament has been defined as “ a particular
state of the constitution depending upon the rela¬
tive proportion of its different masses and the
relative energy of its different functions.” When
The Signs of Temperament 107
we compare one individual with another, we are

struck with the difference in appearance presented
by each. One is petit, neat and refined : another
is large, coarse and perhaps vulgar. One is tall:
another is short. One is strong-boned, broad-
shouldered and muscular : another is short, plump
and rounded. One, again, is healthy, bright and
vivacious: another is just the reverse. Other
opposite pairs are those with light complexions
and dark complexions ; those who seem all straight
lines and those who seem all curves ; those who
are all movement and those who are lacking in
movement. All these differences are the significa¬
tions of character.
The key to these characteristics will be found
in temperament. The variety in feature and form
presented by temperament should be among the
first things studied by the reader of character. In
fact, to know temperament at sight is to read character
at sight. This is one of the first stepping-stones to
physiognomic success.
It should also be borne in mind that it is mainly
on the nature of the organisation, the dominance
of one or other of these temperaments, or their
happier combination, success in life depends. Of
this, there can be no doubt. All differences in
physique will be accompanied by their especial
characteristics. Therefore, we detect the slow and
awkward, the excitable and calm, the wide-awake
and stupid, the active and lazy, those with presence
of mind and those who have none, the good and
the good for nothing, and so on.
How much the successful man owes to sound,
healthy and temperamentally well-mated parents,
and to the country of his birth, he may never
know ; but whatever he may claim to have achieved
for himself is probably less than he imagines.
Without a noble birthright and heritage, very little
else will be of much avail.
TEMPERAMENT DESCRIBED
A brief description of the temperaments will

be useful to the student of character. The
ancients—according to Hippocrates—recognised
four dominant bodily appearances, which they
named :
(a) The Sanguine.
(b) The Phlegmatic.
(c) The Choleric.
(d) The Melancholic.
This classification, though imperfect, was at

least a shrewd recognition of the influence of the
body in its manifestation of the mind. A man’s
disposition was supposed to be affected by the
condition of his <€ humours ” or the phlegm, the
black and the yellow bile, and even to-day we
speak of a good-humoured or a bad-humoured
man.
A later classification, based upon more correct
observation and physiological knowledge, divided
the temperaments into the following :
(a) The Lymphatic.

(b) The Sanguine.
(c) The Bilious.
(d) The Nervous.
The first is preponderatingly influenced by the

stomach, the second by the lungs, the third by the
liver and the fourth by the brain.
The Lymphatic Form is indicated by a full
stomach and roundness, fulness and softness of
muscle.
Generally, the vital action is slow and the circula¬
tion comparatively feeble. The features are pale,
hair is light, eyes are blue or grey, while the brain
no How to Read Heads and Faces
corresponds to the condition of the body and its
action is feeble and languid.
The Sanguine Form of body is manifested by a
broad chest, good lung power, moderate fulness
of body, firm muscles, brown or red hair which
is inclined to curl, fair complexion and good,
full, ruddy cheeks. It is the temperament of
physical activity, good arterial circulation, and
of a loving, warm, buoyant and impulsive
nature.
The Bilious Form is the temperament of straight
lines, as the Sanguine is of curves. The features
are more marked and the bodily configuration
more pronounced and angular. The hair is black
or dark, the complexion is swarthy or brown,
while the eyes are dark. This is the temperament
of strength and vigour, of backbone and mental
activity.
The Nervous Form has its special characteristics
which are indicated by the prominence in
the organisation of the brain and the nervous
system. No special features or colouring are
indicated.
The foregoing classification is excellent as far
as it goes; but it is incomplete and the one drawn
The Signs of Temperament hi
up by the celebrated Fowler brothers is, therefore,

worthy of consideration. It deals with three leading
temperaments, which are :
(a) The Vital or Nutritive.

(b) The Motive or Mechanical.
(c) The Mental or Nervous.
For all practical purposes, this classification

covers all the requirements, is simple and accurate.
The Vital Temperament indicates the prominence
and activity of the organs of nutrition and life
force. The heart, lungs, liver, stomach and bowels,
when well represented, reveal a great depth,
breadth and width of body. The chest is large
and full, showing great lung capacity and large¬
heartedness. The abdomen is rounded, the limbs
are plump and tapering, and the hands and feet
are small, relatively, in proportion to the body.
The neck is short and full, and the shoulders broad
and round. The head and face partake of the
characteristics of the body, being conceived on
generous lines. The cheeks and lower part of
the face are well filled out and the expression
is easy, comfortable, frank, good-natured or self-
satisfied.
The complexion, associated with this tempera¬
ment, varies according to the dominance of certain
organs : *
{a) If the lungs are large and vigorous, the
complexion will be light; hair will be light brown,
auburn or red ; the manner, sprightly, vivacious,
warm and impulsive.
(b) Where the bilious elements are more marked,
there will be greater muscular energy and endur¬
ance, more staying power, and less impulsiveness
and less activity. The complexion will be brown,
swarthy or dark, and the eyes will correspond, in
harmony.
(c) The vital temperament will be strong, endur¬
ing, vivacious, sprightly, sensuous and acquisitive
in proportion as the bilious, sanguine and lym¬
phatic conditions enter as factors into its com¬
position.
The general tendency or influence of this tem¬
perament in the manifestation of mind is activity—
physical and mental vivaciousness, rather than
endurance : quickness in thought and action rather
than diligence, persistence and strength of purpose.
It gives a desire for present comforts and self¬
gratification, a love of life, a ready conception of
The Signs of Temperament 1x3
ideas, a vivid imagination, and a ready flow and

vivacity of expression.
(d) Persons so endowed make telling speakers,
being illustrative and eloquent.
(e) When the temperament in question is strongly
marked, the owners are fond of good things, of
plenty to eat and drink and they enjoy all sensuous
amusement. The motive temperament may lead
its owners to work; the mental temperament may
make its owners think; but the possessors of a
strong vital temperament will gather the fruits of
their energies and use them to secure the joys
of life. In too many cases, however, the “ vital ”
owners will pay the penalty of excesses.
The Motive Temperament is presented by length
of figure and the predominance of bone and muscle
in the body. It is the temperament of the mechan¬
ical and locomotive apparatus—bones or levers,
muscles or pulleys, fibres or ligaments—of the
human organisation.
Men of this temperament are large-boned, mus¬
cular and wiry. They are generally tall, possess
oblong faces with a large bony ridge under the
eyebrows : they have higher cheek bones than the
previous group, large well-defined noses, large
H
jaws, strong teeth—all of which indicate some¬
thing of strength, earnestness and determination.
Such people are made in an energetic mould
for use and not for ornament, to work, overcome
and “ subdue the earth.” They are fond of labour,
physical exercise, and are endowed with tenacity
of purpose and inventive genius. They are men¬
tally vigorous and energetic, and thus individuality
is stamped on all they do.
The faculties of constructiveness, executiveness,
will and determination, courage and force of
character are strongly indicated in whatever they
take in hand. Men of this temperament are pre¬
eminently the pioneers of civilisation—the workers
in, and the saviours of the world—the engineers,
builders, and excavators of mind and earth.
Nearly all great men, and especially those great
men who have risen from the ranks of life, have
had a great share of this temperament. Unfortun¬
ately, it would not be proper to give a list
of the men of to-day who come within this
grouping.
The Mental Temperament is indicated by the
predominance of the cerebro-spinal or nervous
system. Where marked, the person is small in
stature, refined and sometimes delicate in appear¬

ance. Great vigour and robustness, with an excess
of this temperament, are not possible.
In cases where the mental temperament prevails,
the face is pyriform, broad across the forehead
and tapering towards the chin. The figure is not
so full as in the case of the vital, or as tall as in
the motive : the head is relatively large in propor¬
tion to the size of the body : the muscles are small,
and admirably adapted, in texture and quality, for
rapid action and prompt obedience to the dictates
of the mind.
This temperament, when moderately sustained
by the vital and supported by the motive, is capable
of great things. It is, then, the organism of thought.
The mind is thus able to manifest itself through
the brain and body, and govern the latter—-a thing
not always the case with the motive and vital
temperaments. There is more blood sent to the
brain, in proportion to the size of the body, than
in the other temperaments. The anterior lobes of
the brain are in excess of the middle and posterior
lobes. The desire is for intellectual pursuits, for
literary, artistic, poetic, musical, platonic and con¬
jugal enjoyments.
n6 How to Read Heads and Faces
Harmony of Organisation—A person may be
endowed with none but good qualities, and yet
be far from perfection. Also, he may have not
all but a number of excellent qualities, and not
derive the correct amount of good from them.
When this occurs, it is generally due to a want of
harmony in his “ make-up.”
Thus, a person may have inherited a very fine
organisation and yet, though thus endowed, may
be sadly wanting in harmony or proportion. He
may have a large head and a small body, or a large
body and a comparatively small head. In the
first, the brain controls the body, drains its vitality,
and uses up its forces prematurely by high-pressure
in thinking and living. In the latter, the body
controls the brain and the animal impulses, feelings
and desires control the thinking. These are, of
course, extreme illustrations of want of proportion ;
but they serve to show that harmony of organisa¬
tion is something with which the reader of character
must reckon.
For initial greatness, we must look therefore
for proportion in form and size, and balance
between the various parts of the head and face,
and the head and body.
Where the head, which is our chief concern,

is not suitably balanced, we may expect striking
interferences with the normal readings of charac¬
ter. Thus (a) if the back of the head is large and the
front small, the face will be limited across the
forehead, wide across the cheeks and lower portion
of the face, and the social and selfish instincts will
dominate all others.
(b) If the brain is broad at the base, but
lacking in coronal height and width, the face in
form and expression will correspond. Then, the
individual will be more powerfully influenced
by his passions, selfish and sensuous instincts,
than by the moral and intellectual powers of his
mind.
('c) If the forehead is very low, in addition to
the defects mentioned for (£), the owner will
evince the passions of animals.
(d) If the head is mostly proportioned in front
of the ears, the owner will be intellectual, clear¬
headed and given to reflection. But he will be
wanting in the essential force necessary for success,
because the powers represented by the middle,
posterior and basilar lobes of the brain are deficient
in size and out of harmony with the rest of the
n8 How to Read Heads and Faces
head. Also, the body will lack vitality, sufficient
to support the intellectual brain.
These instances will be sufficient to show how
essential it is that there should be harmony in
organisation. Harmony in the organisation means
that the head is in proportion to the body, and all
parts of the brain duly balanced. Without balance,
we may expect too much “ go ” and too little
stability; too much thought and too little action;
too much action or passion with insufficient
reflection, etc.
CHAPTER XIX
THE CHART OF THE HEAD
In an early chapter, the chief areas of the head

were indicated and described. Here it will be
fitting to treat the matter fully and deal with all
the areas—the unimportant ones as well as those
that are vital. The reader will then have a complete
account of the areas, which will prove useful for
reference purposes.
Fig. no shows a head spaced out with forty
divisions. These divisions have the following
significations :
1. Amativeness—The attraction which a person

has for members of the opposite sex.
2. Vitativeness—The desire to live : the capacity
one has for enjoying life.
3. Parental Love—-The affection a person shows
for his parents.
4. Conjugality—The aptitude one has for being
a faithful husband or wife.
5. Courage—The absence of fear.
6. Executiveness—The ability for organising.
7. Secretiveness—The power one has of hiding
one’s feelings and not speaking one’s mind.
8. Friendship—The capacity for making and
keeping friends.
9. Inhabitiveness—The love one shows for the
home, the place of one’s birth or native land.
10. Continuity—The building-up of one’s
thoughts : one’s powers of reasoning.
11. Self-Esteem—Display of dignity and respect.
12. Firmness—The force of will-power.
13. Approbativeness—The amount of notice an
individual takes of what others think.
14. Cautiousness—The natural inclination for
self-preservation.
15. Acquisitiveness—The inclination a person
has for accumulating or hoarding things.
16. Alimentiveness—One’s desires or opinions
on matters of food.
17. Stability—An individual’s strength of mind.
18. Conscientiousness—One’s sense of duty.
19. Sublimity—A desire for things that are vast
in size, or in importance.
20. Veneration—The respect one has for others.
The Chart of the Head 12
fig. I/O
21. Hope—The ability a person has for looking
on the bright side of things.
22. Spirituality—The faith one’has in an after¬
life.
23. Imitation—The faculty of reproducing and
perhaps recasting the works and ideas of others.
24. Generosity—Kindness to others.
25. Agreeableness—The desire to please others.
26. Constructiveness—The ingenuity one dis¬
plays in building up concrete and abstract things.
27. Ideality—The pleasure one derives from
things that are beautiful and perfect.
28. Happiness—The joy that comes from pleas¬
urable pursuits.
29. Casuality—The ability one has for inventing
and being original.
30. Comparison—One’s reasoning capacity.
31. Locality—The desire one may have for
travel and sight-seeing.
32. Eventuality—A head for facts and news.
33. Individuality—One’s powers of observation.
34. Size—One’s capacity for judging size.
3 5. Weight—One’s capacity for judging weight.
36. Colour—One’s capacity for matching and
blending colours.
The Chart of the Head 123
37. Order—The capacity for being methodical.
38. Calculation—The capacity some show for
dealing with figures.
39. Form—The capacity for appreciating shapes.
Some people, for instance, have a special memory
for faces.
40. Language—Ability for learning languages.
t
CHAPTER XX
IN CONCLUSION
You are now in possession of all the facts necessary

for the study of your own or any other person’s
head and face. In every case, there are many clues
to weigh up and consider. Some may contradict
4
others in the same individual, but this is not a

reason for immediately concluding that the science
has failed in its mission.
If all the clues support each other, then the
special character which they indicate will be strongly
marked in the person. On the other hand, if some
clues are totally opposed to others—and this is
usually what is found—then the force of one will
be nullified by another.
Thus, a correct impression of a person’s charac¬
ter can only be arrived at by carefully weighing
up all the facial evidence and striking a balance of
the various details. With a little experience, this
can be done at a glance.
124
In Conclusion 125
Let us explain how to weigh up the points for

and against some person in whom you are interested.
We will suppose that he has a receding forehead,
a chin like the one shown in Fig. 68 and a pair of
kind-looking eyes. The forehead suggests weak¬
ness of character, the chin stands for strength to
the point of being aggressive, and the eyes, as we
have said, suggest kindness.
The sum-total, in this case, is probably a very
decent kind of person. His forehead and chin
would nullify the indications of each other and the
eyes would weigh in his favour.
Take another case. Suppose you are wondering
about a person who has a pair of thin ungenerous
lips and two twinkling eyes that seem to radiate
happiness. The balance suggests that you are
dealing with quite an ordinary person who has,
perhaps, a slight benefit in his favour. We say
this because eyes always count very heavily in
balancing up the characters of people.
And now another case. A person, we will say,
has a prominent forehead, a full neck at the back
and a nose like that shown in Fig. 39. Here is a
case of strength upon strength—just the type of
individual who could be trusted to direct an army.
run a huge business or make a success of some
intricate and important scheme.
Of course, character delineating requires a little
practice, but it is wonderful how quickly one can
become really expert.
oulsham Books 2Is
Below is a selection of popular Handbooks and Standard Works
of Reference which are of interest to all. These volumes are
Or. 800, 128-192 pp. well printed in clear type on good
paper, and bound cloth boards. Many are fully illustrated.
Card and Conjuring Tricks

Card Games Up-to-date
Correct English in 24 Hours
Foufsham’s Dictionary of Synonyms and
Antonyms
Foulsham’s Etiquette for AH
Foulsham’s Letter Writer
Humorous Stories and Recitations
indoor Pastimes for Pleasure or Profit
just for Fun—the Latest Party Book
Maxwell Stewart’s Latest Dance Book
Modern Ticket and Sign Writing
More Card Games Up-to-date
Party Games for Young and Old
Plays for Boys and Girls
Selling-Stunts for Shopkeepers
Some More Good Ones !
Speeches and Toasts for All Occasions
The Best Recitations for Boys and Girls
The Book of Proverbs and Epitaphs
Two Thousand Years of Wit and Wisdom
Wedding Etiquette under All Denominations
What Do You Know?
What More Do You Know?
Your Will: How to Put Your Affairs in
Legal Order
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LONDON: W. FOULSHAM & CO., LTD.

10 & II RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.4
✓
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FACES

BY PURNELL AND SONS, LTD., PAULTON (SOMERSET) AND LONDON

In this book, your head and face are analysed,

XVI. THE SIZE OF THE HEAD

XVII. THE FORM OF THE HEAD 95

There is no more certain way of summing up

No detail in a person’s “ make-up ” affects him

18 How to Read Heads and Faces

duty. He plans, in all things, to do what he feels

be house-proud: his home will be too strictly

No two people have the same shape of face, yet

It has been said, with much truth, that the eyes

Fig. 13—It might be thought that no person

emotions by gradually contracting his eyes, until

We have now dealt with all the signs that can

Though the eyebrows help in determining a

person’s character, it is hardly ever safe to con¬

Noses tell quite a lot about the abilities of their

unusual in the dockland areas of this country.

are that the owner has excellent powers of dis¬

THE LIPS AND MOUTH

Generally speaking, a well-shaped mouth, with

nicely arched and neatly delineated lips, speaks

teetotaller. He would do anybody a good turn

Everybody knows something of the shapes of

(/) The front of the cheek should be marked

Fig. 72 has an unbounded opinion of his good

Character is not expressed very definitely by

The cheeks demand our attention, since according

A good set of teeth makes a wonderful addition

The hair on a person’s head tells us something of

THE PROPORTIONS OF THE FACE

Three diagrams are given on page 73 : they

THE RIM OF THE HEAD

Recently, we had an interesting interview with

Ad Heads, ale °"

UNCLASSIFIED CLUES AS TO CHARACTER

Certain head and facial characteristics refuse to

be classified. Accordingly, we are grouping them

THE SIZE OF THE HEAD

In earlier chapters, we have dealt with the size

months, it has grown to 15 inches and to 17 inches

form, and many others, must be taken into account

It is clear that your estimates, in the majority

(a) If the first measurement exceeds the second

(d) If the second measurement is larger than

THE FORM OF THE HEAD

Having considered size at some length, the form

men ? Or a fine organisation with disproportion¬

of quality of organisation. For instance, in Fig.

modified as it becomes less and the others become

In delineating character, we now know that

All this is necessary because health and the

pluck, stomachic derangements due to a poor

THE SIGNS OF TEMPERAMENT

There are several physiological systems in the

we compare one individual with another, we are

A brief description of the temperaments will

This classification, though imperfect, was at