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    Richardson and Zaki

    Uploaded by

    Malik Saqib Shahzad
    to find settling velocity of particle

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Richardson and Zaki

    Uploaded by

    Malik Saqib Shahzad
    201 views1 page
    to find settling velocity of particle

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    to find settling velocity of particle

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    201 views1 page

    Richardson and Zaki

    Uploaded by

    Malik Saqib Shahzad
    to find settling velocity of particle

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    This Week’s Citation Classic

    NUMBER
    FEBRUARY 12, 1979

    Richardson J F & Zaki W N. Sedimentation and fluidisation. Part 1.


    Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 32:35-53, 1954.

    This paper describes a method of and particles arises from the continuous up-
    calculating the sedimentation velocity ward flow of f l u i d i s i n g liquid.
    for a suspension— or fluidisation "Several workers had already suggested
    velocity in a liquid-solid system — as a that the sedimentation velocity of a suspen-
    function of the free falling velocity of a sion (u C ) of uniform particles is equal to the
    single particle and the concentration of free falling velocity of an individual particle
    particles. [The SCI® indicates that this (u o ) multiplied by a correction factor equal
    paper has been cited 151 times since to the voidage (e) raised to some power n:
    1961.] i.e.,u C = en = (1-c) n ……..1
    u0
    where c is the fractional volumetric concen-
    J. F. Richardson
    Dept. of Chemical Engineering tration of particles in the suspension. If the
    University College particle is settling under conditions where
    Swansea, UK
    Stokes' law is valid, n has a value of about
    4.65. Lewis and his co-workers found that
    this relation was a l s o valid for the fluidisa-
    June 30, 1978 tion of uniform f i n e particles. 1

    "In our own work we were able to confirm


    "This paper is the first of a series and reports the validity of equation (1) and to show that
    work on the effect of particle concentration provided wall effects could be neglected it
    on the sedimentation rate of a suspension of was equally valid for sedimentation and
    uniform particles. During the course of the fluidisation, u 0 being either the observed
    experimental work, it was found that it was sedimentation rate or the fluidisation
    not practicable to make measurements on velocity averaged over the total cross-
    the sedimentation of very coarse particles section of the bed. 1 he value of the index n
    because f i r s t the velocities were then too had a constant value of about 4.65 for parti-
    rapid to measure accurately, and secondly cle Reynolds numbers less than about 0.2
    the sedimentation was complete before the (Stokes' law region), but for high Reynolds
    convection currents which were set up numbers became progressively less until it
    w h i l s t the suspension was mixed had died reached a second constant value of about
    out. 2.3 at Reynolds numbers exceeding about
    "It then occurred to us that, if the fluid 500 (Newton's law region). For the in-
    were passed upwards through the particles termediate range of Reynolds numbers (0.2
    to maintain them in a fluidised state, the to 500), approximate equations were given
    conditions should be hydrodynamically for the calculation of the index n.
    s i m i l a r to those existing in the sedimenting "Our main contribution was, I think, in
    suspension. During sedimentation, the par- providing a means of calculating the value
    t i c l e s move vertically downwards and the of n over a wide range of conditions
    only fl u i d motion is that a r i s i n g from the whereas previously a value had been given
    upflow of displaced fluid. In fluidisation, only for the Stokes' law region. Furthermore,
    the particles do not undergo any net move- the correlation has the great merit of being
    ment and the relative velocity between fluid simple!"

    1. Lewis W K,Gilliland E R & Bauer W C. Characteristics of fluidized particles.


    Ind. Eng. Chem. 41:1104-17, 1949.

    243

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