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    Mutations - WS - KEY

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    matt paloga
    This document discusses different types of mutations including deletions, insertions, substitutions, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, and silent mutations. It provides examples of mutated DNA and mRNA sequences and analyzes how the mutations would affect the corresponding amino acid sequences and protein functions. Sickle cell anemia is used as an example where a single nucleotide substitution results in a different amino acid being coded for, changing the shape of red blood cells. The key effects of different mutation types are frameshift mutations and missense mutations producing new trait variations, and frameshift, nonsense, and missense mutations altering amino acid sequences.

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    Mutations - WS - KEY

    Uploaded by

    matt paloga
    926 views4 pages
    This document discusses different types of mutations including deletions, insertions, substitutions, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, and silent mutations. It provides examples of mutated DNA and mRNA sequences and analyzes how the mutations would affect the corresponding amino acid sequences and protein functions. Sickle cell anemia is used as an example where a single nucleotide substitution results in a different amino acid being coded for, changing the shape of red blood cells. The key effects of different mutation types are frameshift mutations and missense mutations producing new trait variations, and frameshift, nonsense, and missense mutations altering amino acid sequences.

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    This document discusses different types of mutations including deletions, insertions, substitutions, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, and silent mutations. It provides examples of mutated DNA and mRNA sequences and analyzes how the mutations would affect the corresponding amino acid sequences and protein functions. Sickle cell anemia is used as an example where a single nucleotide substitution results in a different amino acid being coded for, changing the shape of red blood cells. The key effects of different mutation types are frameshift mutations and missense mutations producing new trait variations, and frameshift, nonsense, and missense mutations altering amino acid sequences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    926 views4 pages

    Mutations - WS - KEY

    Uploaded by

    matt paloga
    This document discusses different types of mutations including deletions, insertions, substitutions, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, and silent mutations. It provides examples of mutated DNA and mRNA sequences and analyzes how the mutations would affect the corresponding amino acid sequences and protein functions. Sickle cell anemia is used as an example where a single nucleotide substitution results in a different amino acid being coded for, changing the shape of red blood cells. The key effects of different mutation types are frameshift mutations and missense mutations producing new trait variations, and frameshift, nonsense, and missense mutations altering amino acid sequences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses different types of mutations including deletions, insertions, substitutions, frameshift mutations, and their effects on DNA and protein sequences. It also provides an example of sickle cell anemia caused by a point mutation.

    The document discusses deletions, insertions, substitutions, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, silent mutations and their classifications.

    A frameshift mutation results from an insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame, changing all subsequent amino acids. A point mutation could be silent, maintaining the original sequence, or cause a substitution but not change the reading frame.

    Delahunty/Biology Honors Mutations Worksheet Name KEY

    There are several types of mutation:


    DELETION (a base is lost)
    INSERTION (an extra base is inserted)
    Deletion and insertion may cause what’s called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading “frame”
    changes, changing the amino acid sequence.
    SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another)
    If a substitution changes the amino acid, it’s called a MISSENSE mutation.
    If a substitution does not change the amino acid, it’s called a SILENT mutation.
    If a substitution changes the amino acid to a “stop,” it’s called a NONSENSE mutation.

    Complete the boxes below. Classify each as either Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution AND as either
    frameshift, missense, silent or nonsense (hint: deletion or insertion will always be frameshift).

    Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T


    mRNA Sequence: A U G U G G A A C C G C U G C U G A
    Amino Acid Sequence: METHIONINE -TRYPTOPHAN - ASPARAGINE - ARGININE- CYSTEINE -
    (STOP)

    Mutated DNA Sequence #1: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T


    What’s the mRNA sequence? A U G U A G A A C C G C U G C U G A (Circle the change)
    What will be the amino acid sequence? METHIONINE -(STOP)
    Will there likely be effects? YES What kind of mutation is this? SUBSTITUTION - NONSENSE

    Mutated DNA Sequence #2: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T


    What’s the mRNA sequence? A U G C U G G A A C C G C U G C U G A (Circle the change)
    What will be the amino acid sequence? METHIONINE - LEUCINE -GLUTAMIC ACID – PROLINE
    Will there likely be effects? YES What kind of mutation is this? INSERTION - FRAME SHIFT

    Mutated DNA Sequence #3: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T


    What’s the mRNA sequence? A U G U G G A A U C G C UG C U G A (Circle the change)
    What will be the amino acid sequence? METHIONINE-TRYPTOPHAN-ASPARAGINE- ARGININE- (STOP)
    Will there likely be effects? NO What kind of mutation is this? SUBSTITUTION – SILENT MUTATION

    Mutated DNA Sequence #4: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C T A C T


    What’s the mRNA sequence? A U G U G G A A C C G C U G A U G A (Circle the change)
    What will be the amino acid sequence? METHIONINE-TRYPTOPHAN-ASPARAGINE- (STOP)
    Will there likely be effects? YES What kind of mutation is this? SUBSITUTION - NONSENSE
    Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T
    mRNA Sequence: A U G U G G A A C C G C U G C U G A
    Amino Acid Sequence: METHIONINE-TRYPTOPHAN-ASPARAGINE-ARGININE-CYSTEINE- (STOP)

    Mutated DNA Sequence #5: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T


    What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence? A U G U G G A A C C C U G C U G A
    What will be the amino acid sequence? METHIONINE-TRYPTOPHAN-ASPARAGINE- PROLINE - ALANINE
    Will there likely be effects? YES What kind of mutation is this? DELETION – FRAME SHIFT

    1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? FRAME SHIFT AND MISSENSE
    2. Which type of mutation results in abnormal amino acid sequence? FRAME SHIFT, NONSENSE, AND MISSENSE
    3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of the mRNA? NONSENSE

    Sickle Cell Anemia

    Sickel cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule.

    Recall that hemoglobin carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes the red blood cells to become

    stiff and sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels,

    causing pain and increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart and lungs, and other conditions.

    Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed and what type of mutation occurred.

    Normal hemoglobin DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C T C C T C

    Normal hemoglobin mRNA G U G C A C C U G A C U C C U G A G G A G

    Normal hemoglobin A.A. sequence VALINE-HISTIDINE-LEUCINE-THREONINE-PROLINE-GLUTAMIC ACID-

    GLUTAMIC ACID

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C A C C T C

    Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA G U G C A C C U G A C U C C U G U G G A G

    Sickle cell hemoglobin A.A. sequence VALINE-HISTIDINE-LEUCINE-THREONINE-PROLINE-VALINE-

    GLUTAMIC ACID
    http://staff.fcps.net/einman/biology/MutationsWS.doc
    Point mutations - alter a single base Chromosomal mutations change the structure of a
    1. base substitution mutations – chromosome
    substitute one base for another 1. deletions – part of chromosome is lost
    1. -triplet repeat expansion mutations
    2. nonsense mutations – create stop 2. duplication – part of chromosome is
    involve a sequence of 3 DNA
    codon copied
    nucleotides that are repeated many
    3. frameshift mutations – caused by 3. inversion – part of chromosome in
    times
    insertion or deletion of a single base reverse order
    translocation – part of chromosome is
    moved to a new location

    Substitution – silent mutation.


    If there was no effect on the protein coded by the gene, then the amino acid sequence must have
    been the same as the original sequence. Therefore the mutation must have been a substitution
    resulting in a codon that encoded the same amino acid as the original amino acid.

    Methionine and Tryptophan have only one codon. All other amino acids have more than one codon.

    TEF ATC ATE TET HER AT


    This sentence no longer makes sense. This is an example of a deletion resulting in a frame shift.
    The first 28 amino acids will be correct.

    # 1 and # 3 have the same amino


    acid sequence, therefore they code
    for the same protein

    A frameshift mutation is more likely to result in a nonfunctional protein.

    A frame shift mutation results from an insertion or a deletion, alters the sequence of bases in codons
    at the mutation and after the mutation. This changes the amino acid sequence and the resulting
    protein.
    A point mutation could be a silent mutation, maintaining the original amino acid sequence and the
    resulting protein.

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