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    Topic 3: Mass Haul Diagram

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    Khai Mohd
    Here are the steps to calculate the cumulative volume with a 10% shrinkage factor: 1. Add a column to track the shrinkage volume (10% of fill volume) 2. Add a column to track the corrected volume (fill volume + shrinkage volume) 3. For cuts, use the cutting volume directly 4. For fills, use the negative of the corrected volume 5. Calculate the cumulative volume by adding/subtracting the volumes at each chainage. See the table for the worked example. Let me know if any part needs more explanation!

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    Topic 3: Mass Haul Diagram

    Uploaded by

    Khai Mohd
    217 views25 pages
    Here are the steps to calculate the cumulative volume with a 10% shrinkage factor: 1. Add a column to track the shrinkage volume (10% of fill volume) 2. Add a column to track the corrected volume (fill volume + shrinkage volume) 3. For cuts, use the cutting volume directly 4. For fills, use the negative of the corrected volume 5. Calculate the cumulative volume by adding/subtracting the volumes at each chainage. See the table for the worked example. Let me know if any part needs more explanation!

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    Here are the steps to calculate the cumulative volume with a 10% shrinkage factor: 1. Add a column to track the shrinkage volume (10% of fill volume) 2. Add a column to track the corrected volume (fill volume + shrinkage volume) 3. For cuts, use the cutting volume directly 4. For fills, use the negative of the corrected volume 5. Calculate the cumulative volume by adding/subtracting the volumes at each chainage. See the table for the worked example. Let me know if any part needs more explanation!

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    217 views25 pages

    Topic 3: Mass Haul Diagram

    Uploaded by

    Khai Mohd
    Here are the steps to calculate the cumulative volume with a 10% shrinkage factor: 1. Add a column to track the shrinkage volume (10% of fill volume) 2. Add a column to track the corrected volume (fill volume + shrinkage volume) 3. For cuts, use the cutting volume directly 4. For fills, use the negative of the corrected volume 5. Calculate the cumulative volume by adding/subtracting the volumes at each chainage. See the table for the worked example. Let me know if any part needs more explanation!

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 25

    Topic 3

    MASS HAUL
    DIAGRAM
    Objective:
    • Explain the basic concepts of the Mass
    Haul Diagram.

    • Define the use of Mass Haul Diagram.

    • Explain the methods used in the haulage of


    large volumes of earthwork calculation .

    • Explain the method used in calculating the


    haulage of large volumes of earthwork for
    construction
    INTRODUCTION
    Mass-haul diagrams (MHD) are used to compare the economics
    of the various methods of earthwork distribution on road or railway
    construction schemes. With the combined use of the MHD plotted
    directly below the longitudinal section of the survey centre-line, one
    can find :

    The distances over which ‘cut and fill’ will balance.


    Quantities of materials to be moved and the direction of movement.
    Areas where earth may have to be borrowed or wasted and the
    amounts involved.
    The best policy to adopt to obtain the most economic use of plan.
    Mass Haul Diagrams
    • Diagrammatic representation of
    earthwork volumes along a linear
    profile
    • Horizontal stationing is plotted along
    the X-axis
    • Net earthwork values are plotted
    along the Y-axis
    Mass Haul Diagrams
    • An Earthwork Profile is a plot of the net
    earthwork along a roadway or airstrip
    • Net cut values are plotted above the X-
    axis (positive Y value)
    • Net fill values are plotted below the X-
    axis (negative Y value)
    • Presents a picture of the earthwork
    requirements
    Mass Haul Diagrams
    • Upward sloping curves indicate
    (rising left to right) indicate a cut
    • Downward sloping (falling left to
    right) curves occur in a fill section
    • Peaks indicate a change from cut to
    fill and valleys occur when the
    earthwork changes from fill to cut
    Mass Haul Diagrams
    • The cumulated volume of earthwork at the
    horizontal axis (Y=0) is 0

    • When a horizontal line intersects two or more


    points along the curve, the accumulated volumes at
    those points are equal

    • A negative value at the end of the curve indicates


    that borrow is required to complete the fill

    • A positive value at the end of the curve indicates


    that a waste operation will be the net result
    SAMPLE 1
    CUMULATIVE VOLUME , m3

    (+) CUT (+) WASTE


    CHAINAGE, m
    (-) FILL

    SAMPLE 2
    CUMULATIVE VOLUME , m3

    (+) CUT CHAINAGE, m

    (-) FILL (-) BORROW


    CUMULATIVE VOLUME , m3
    MAXIMUM – END POINT OF CUT VOLUME

    (+) CUT CHAINAGE, m

    (-) FILL

    MINIMUM – END POINT OF FILL VOLUME


    Mass Haul Diagrams
    To construct the Mass Haul Diagram manually:
    • Compute the net earthwork values for each
    station, applying the appropriate shrink factor
    • Net cuts have a positive value, net fills have a
    negative value
    • The value at the first station (origin) = 0
    • Plot the value of each succeeding station which
    equals the cumulative value to that point, i.e.,
    the value at i = net cut/filla+b+c+…i
    Distance Volume (Cubic Metres) Cumulative volume
    (Metres) CUT + FILL - (Cubic Metres)
    0 0
    + 490
    100 + 490 Table 8.1
    Example of
    + 927 Volumes
    200 + 1 417 Table
    + 982
    300 + 2 399
    + 279
    380 + 2 678
    - 31
    400 + 2 647
    - 226
    500 + 2 421
    - 654
    600 + 1 767
    - 1 160
    700 + 607
    - 933
    800 - 326
    - 92
    831 - 418
    + 220
    900 - 198
    + 428
    1 000 + 230
    Characteristics of Mass Curve:
    1- Rising sections of the mass curve indicates areas where excavating
    exceeds fill, whereas falling sections indicate where fill exceeds
    excavation.
    2- Steep slopes reflect heavy cuts & Fills, while flat slopes indicate areas
    fro small amount of earthwork.
    3- The difference in ordinates between any two points indicate net excess
    of excavation over embankment or vise versa.
    4- Any horizontal line dawn to intersect two points within the same curve
    indicates a balance of excavation (cut) and embankment (fill) quantities
    between the two points.
    5- Points of zero slope represent points where roadway goes from cut to
    fill or from fill to cut.
    6- The highest or the lowest points of the mass haul diagram represents
    the crossing points between the grade line (roadway level) and natural
    ground level.
    Mass Haul Diagram
    Mass Haul Diagrams
    To construct & analyze the Mass Haul Diagram
    manually:

    • Identify the the resulting balanced sections,


    which are bounded by points that intersect the
    X-axis

    • Draw a horizontal line midway between the peak


    or valley and the X-axis. The scale length of that
    line is the average length of haul within that
    balanced section

    • Determine earthwork volumes within each


    balanced section

    • Determine whether there is an overall balance,


    waste or if borrow is required
    DEFINITION AND IMPORTANT PHRASES
    Bulking An increase in volume of earthwork after excavation

    Shrinkage A decrease in volume earthwork after deposition and compaction.

    Haul distance The distance from the working face of the excavation to the tipping
    (d) point.
    Average haul The distance from the centre of gravity of the cutting to that of the
    distance (D) filling.
    Freehaul The distance, given in the Bill of Quantities, included in the price of
    Distance excavation per cubic metre.
    Overhaul The extra distance of transport of earthwork volumes beyond the
    Distance freehaul distance.
    The sum of the product of each load by its haul distance. This must
    Haul equal the total volume of excavation multiplied by the average haul
    distance, i.e. ∑ vd = VD
    The product of volumes by their respective overhaul distance. Excess
    Overhaul
    payment will depend upon overhaul.
    Station Metre A unit of overhaul, viz. 1 m3 x 100 m.

    Borrow The volume of material brought into a section due to a deficiency.

    Waste The volume of material taken from a section due to excess


    CASE 1
    Calculate the cumulative volume with Shrinkage Factor 10%
    Chainage Volume of cutting Volume of fill (m3)
    (m) (m3)
    0
    100 22275
    200 13902
    300 2268
    400 17744
    500 14256
    600 900
    Solution
    Chainage Volume of Volume of fill Shrinkage Skrinkage Corrected Cumulative
    (m) cutting (m3) (m3) volume (10%) volume volume volume (m3)
    corrected
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)= (3)+(4) + for cut
    - for fill

    0 0 + 0
    100 22275 +22275 + 22275
    200 13902 +13902 36177
    +
    300 2268 226.8 2494.8 -2494.8 33682.2
    400 17744 1774.4 19518.4 -19518.4 14163.8
    500 14256 1425.6 15684.6 -15684.6 -1517.8
    600 900 90 990 -990 -2057.8
    CASE 1 - MASS HAUL DIAGRAMME
    (CUMULATIVE VOLUME VS CHAINAGE)
    40000

    35000

    30000
    CUMULATIVE VOLUME ,m3

    25000

    20000

    15000

    10000

    5000

    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500 600
    -5000
    CHAINAGE, m
    CASE 2
    Calculate the cumulative volume
    Chainage Volume of cutting Volume of fill (m3)
    (m) (m3)
    0
    100 22275
    200 13902
    300 2268
    400 17744
    500 14256
    600 900
    Solution
    Chainage Volume of Volume of fill Corrected Cumulative
    (m) cutting (m3) (m3) volume volume (m3)

    (1) (2) (3) + for cut


    - for fill
    + 0
    0 0
    100 22275 +22275 + 22275
    200 13902 +13902+ 36177
    300 2268 -2268 33909
    400 17744 -17744 16165
    500 14256 -14256 1909
    600 900 -900 1009
    CASE 2 - MASS HAUL DIAGRAMME
    (CUMULATIVE VOLUME VS CHAINAGE)
    40000

    35000

    30000
    CUMULATIVE VOLUME ,m3

    25000

    20000

    15000

    10000

    5000

    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500 600
    CHAINAGE, m
    SIMPLE QUESTION
    Plot mass haul diagram with data below

    Chainage (m) CumulativeVolume


    (m3)
    0 0
    100 22275
    200 36177
    300 33909
    400 16165
    500 1909
    600 1009

    The mass haul diagram same with before this


    Analyze Cumulative
    Isipadu Kumulatifvolume
    (m 3) m3

    the MHD C1
    C

    E G F
    E1

    H I

    J K

    A1
    A D B

    Chainage
    Rantaian (m) ,m
    From the graph,
    Gambarajah 7.2 : Lengkung Gambarajah Urungan Padu
    Line Description
    EF Freehaul distance
    CG Freehaul volume
    CD Haul volume
    HI Average haul distance – centre line of CD
    GD Overhaul volume
    JK Average overhaul distance - centre line of GD
    Calculation MHD
    Haul = Haul volume x average haul distance stn.m
    100

    Freehaul = Freehaul volume x freehaul distance stn.m


    100

    Overhaul = Overhaul volume (average overhaul distance – freehaul distance) stn.m


    100
    Cost of earthwork
    TOTAL COST OF EARTHWORK
    Freehaul prices in = freehaul volume x freehaul distance x freehaul
    freehaul distance prices

    Overhaul prices = overhaul volume x freehaul distance x freehaul


    in freehaul prices
    distance
    Overhaul prices = overhaul volume x (average overhaul distance –
    in overhaul freehaul distance) x overhaul prices
    distance

    Borrow prices = borrow volume x borrow prices


    Waste prices = waste volume x waste prices
    End of topic
    • Exercise

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