Unit One 時態 編整老師：唐黛羚

時態可以分為三時四式，形成 12 種組合
時態 以時間分: 現在式
過去式
未來式

以動作形式分: 簡單式
進行式
完成式
完成進行式
三時 現在 過去 未來
四式
簡單式 He works. He worked. He will work.
進行式 He is working. He was working. He will be working.
完成式 He has worked. He had worked. He will have worked.
完成進行式 He has been working. He had been working. He will have been
working.

現在式
現在簡單式: S + V.
It is very hot today. (經常搭配時間副詞 e.g. today, every morning, every day.)
He always gets to school on time. (經常搭配頻率副詞 e.g. often, usually, seldom.)
現在進行式: am/ is /are + Ving (經常搭配 now/ at present / Look! / Listen!)
What are you doing now?
Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
現在完成式: has / have + Vpp.
用法 例句
動作的完成 1. He has just come back. (經常搭配副詞 e.g. just/ already/recently/ lately)
2. I have already finished my homework.
經驗 1. Have you ever been to France? (經常搭配副詞 e.g. ever/ never/once/ many times)
2. I have been to Japan several times.
持續的動作 1. I have studied English for ten years. (經常搭配 for+一段時間)
2. She has been ill since last week. (經常搭配 since+過去時間 或者 since +S +Vpt.)
現在完成進行式: has/ have been +Ving (強調動作仍在持續進行中)
We have been studying English for six years.
過去式
過去簡單式: S + Vpt.
I had a good time last night. (經常搭配過去式的時間副詞 e.g. yesterday/ the other day)
She went to Taipei three days ago. (經常搭配 一段時間 + ago)

1
過去進行式: was /were + Ving
I was writing a letter when he came in.
過去完成式: had +Vpp. (通常有二個動詞比較事情發生的先後次序，先發生的動作用過去完
成式 had+ Vpp.，後發生的動作用過去簡單式 Vpt.)
The train had gone before we reached the station.
He said he had seen this movie before.
過去完成進行式: had been +Ving (用法與過去完成式相同，只是強調動作的進行與持續)
We had been waiting for an hour when he arrived.
未來式
未來簡單式: will +原形 V / be going to + 原形 V
I will go to the movies tonight. (經常搭配未來時間的副詞 e.g. tomorrow, next week)
There will be no class tomorrow. (將有…)
未來進行式: will be +Ving
When I arrive at the airport tomorrow, my whole family will be waiting for me.
未來完成式: will have + Vpp. (經常搭配 by+時間點或 by the time+未來動作)
By next June, Andy will have graduated from college.
By the time his wife returns, Alex will have prepared a surprise.
未來完成進行式: will have been + Ving (強調未來動作的持續性)
By June, we will have been learning English for three years.
Try it! 實力演練

I. 選擇題
1. Anne singing twice a week. (A)practices(B)practicing(C)is practicing(D)do practice.
2. Listen! John is loudly in the bathroom!(A)sings(B)singing(C)is singing(D)are singing.
3. By 10 this morning, the union members to a conclusion.
(A)will have come(B)will come(C)are coming(D)will be coming.
4. The boy in bed with flu for two days.(A)has been(B)is(C)was(D)is being.

5. Since Jason 10, he crazy about Julian

(A)has been/ was(B)is/ was(C)was/ was(D) was/ has been.
6. As soon as the guest professor , we will drive him to the school.
(A)will arrive(B)arrives(C)arrived(D)has arrived.
7. By the end of the year, the bridge .
(A)is built(B)will build(C)will have been built(D)will be building
8. The thief took the diamond necklace, opened the door, and away.
(A)running(B)run(C)ran(D)had run
9. You a lot since I saw you last time.
(A)change(B)will change(C)have changed(D)had changed.
10. My father to the United States for many times.
(A)went(B) has gone(C)has been(D)was

2
II. 根據上下文，填入正確的動詞時態
1. There (be) a park near Joe’s home. Joe (go) there every day. One day he (see) a
beautiful girl. She (sit) on a bench and (sing) songs happily. There (be) trash
near the bench. But the girl didn’t (pick) it up. Joe (come) near her and (pick) it up.
He (say) to the girl, “You are beautiful, but you are in a dirty place. You should pick up
these dirty bags.”

2. Yesterday while I (take) a shower at 8, Melissa (call). She (ask) if I could attend
her party. I (tell) her that I (will) surely show up in her party because I (promise) her
before.

3. Kevin (invite) his girlfriend to a fancy restaurant last week. When he was going to pay the
bill, he (find) that he (forget) to put some money in his wallet before he (leave)
home that morning. He (feel) so embarrassed, but he (have) no choice but to borrow
money from his girlfriend!

Unit Two 被動語態 編整老師：巫俊良

被動式: 當句中動作包含了被, 受到等意思時, 語法上用被動式來表示.
如: 傑克愛蘿絲  蘿絲被傑克所愛
Jack loves Rose.  Rose is loved by Jack.
句型上需把原來的主詞+動詞+受詞 變成
原來的受詞+BE 動詞+動詞的過去分詞+by+原來主詞
亦即, A+動詞+B  B+BE 動詞+過去分詞+A
此時需注意, 若原來的主詞及受詞為代名詞, 則主詞受詞的格位需隨句子的變化而調整. 如以
下例中的
I (主格)變為 me(受格), her(受格)變為 she(主格)
例: 我愛她  她被我所愛
I love her.  She is loved by me.
3
以下分幾種情況來說明被動式的使用.
A. 當原來主動句的主詞為不明顯, 或是泛指一般人時, by+原來主詞可以省略.
B. 如: 某人偷走了我的車  我的車被某人所偷  我的車被偷了
Somebody stole my car.  My car was stolen by somebody.  My car was
stolen.
這裡,許多人說英文  這裡,英文被很多人說  英文在這裡被說
Many people speak English here.  English is spoken by many people here. 
English is spoken here.
因此, 一些慣用語就會出現, 例如:
據說 It is said (by people ) that + 子句
據相信 It is believed (by people) that + 子句
C. 當原句的動詞含有感官動詞, 且其後有現在分詞(Ving)或原形動詞(V)型態的補語時, 此
補語在被動式中需變為不定詞.(to V)
如: 傑克看到蘿絲正在彈/彈鋼琴  蘿絲被傑克看到正在彈鋼琴
Jack saw Rose playing/play the piano.  Rose was seen by Jack to play the
piano.
D. 一些動詞改為被動式時, 其後接的介係詞不用 by, 而是用其他特定的連用的介係詞. 這
些動詞如 interest, excite, surprise, bore, satisfy 等
例句: 英文使我感興趣/使我興奮/使我驚訝/使我感到無趣/使我滿足.
English interests me / excites me / surprises me / bores me / satisfies me. 
I am interested in English. 我對英文感到興趣
I am excited about English. 我對英文感到興奮
I am surprised at English. 我對英文感到驚訝
I am bored with English. 我對英文感到無聊
I am satisfied with English. 我對英文感到滿足
E. 被動式和未來式或其他助動詞連用的作法. 保留原來的助動詞, 原動詞變成助動詞
+be+過去分詞
例如: 我 將 / 將 / 必須 / 能 永遠愛你.  你將 / 將 / 必須 / 能 永遠被我所愛.
I will / am going to / must / can love you forever.  You will / are going to /
must / can be loved by me forever.
F. 被動式和進行式連用的作法. 原動詞變成 BE 動詞+being+過去分詞
例如: 我正在放你最愛的歌.  你最愛的歌正在被我播放.
I am playing your favorite song.  Your favorite song is being played by me.
G. 被動式和完成式連用的作法. 原動詞變成 have/has/had+been+過去分詞
例如: 我已經讀數學兩小時了.  數學已經被我讀了兩小時了.
I have studied math for two hours.  Math has been studied by me for two
hours.
他那時已經偷走錢了  那時錢已經被他偷走了.
He had stolen the money then.  The money had been stolen by him then.
Try it! 實力演練
4
 We all love baseball. (改為被動式)
 ____________________________________________________________________________

1. She was run after by a dog. (改為主動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Everyone calls Mary a genius.. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

3. I heard a dog barking outside. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

4. Stories of ghosts always interest teenagers. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

5. I am going to kill you. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

6. You must feed your pet dog regularly. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

7. You are killing me. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

8. Nobody has seen the two books before. (改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

9. Mom had left some food for you.(改為被動式)

 ____________________________________________________________________________

Unit Three 關係詞 編整老師：溫浩晟

《重點一》基本關係代名詞
同時具有連接詞和_________功能的代名詞,稱為關係代名詞。
I met a man. The man showed me the way to Taipei 101.
 I met a man _____ _____ showed me the way to Taipei 101.
 I met a man ___________ showed me the way to Taipei 101.
(一) 關係代名詞的種類和格
先行詞 主格 受格 所有格
人 _____/_____ _____/_____ ______

5
 動物,事,物 _____/_____ _____/_____ ______/______
A._____格關代+ 動詞
 I have a friend ______ likes The Black Eyed Peas very much.
B._____格關代+ 主詞 + 動詞+(介詞)
 This is the girl _____ I spoke of.
(關代的受格在句中可省略;但其前有介系詞或逗點時不可省略。)
C._____格關代+名詞
 The building ______ roof is red is Jonh’s house.
= The building the roof ____ _____ is red is Jonh’s house.
Try it! 實力演練
1. I have a girlfriend ______ name is Mary.
2. He is looking for a car _______ engine is in good condition.
3. People _____ don’t eat meat are called vegetarian.
4. English is a language ______ is spoken all over the world.
5. We love to know everything _______ happening in the world.
(A) that (B) which (C) which is (D) whom
6. Where is the letter _______ I received yesterday?
(A) whose (B) who (C) which (D) whom
7. The man ______ was here just now is Li-Hung Wang.
(A) whose (B) who (C) which (D) whom
《重點二》that 的用法
A. 可代替 who, which, whom
I have a friend ______ likes The Black Eyed Peas very much.
B. 下列情形只能用 that 做為關代
a. 先行詞為『人』＋『事物或動物』
 The car ran over a girl and her dog _____ were crossing the street.

b. 先行詞前有最高級、序數
 Today is the coldest day ______ we have ever experienced.
 The first thing _______ you should do is (to) study English.
c. 先行詞中有疑問詞 who, which  避免重覆
 Who is the girl _____ Andy likes?
 Which is the picture ______ Mary painted?
d. 先行詞為 the only, the very(正是), the same
 She is the only girl _____ I love.
e. 先行詞為不定代名詞 all, no, any, some, …thing
 My brother can fix almost anything ______ needed repairing.
Try it! 實力演練

6
 1. Look at the hunter and his dog _____ are crossing the river.
2. There is nothing _______ can be done about it.
3. This is the very magazine ______ I’d like to buy.
4. All _____ we have to do is sit inside and study.
《重點三》what 的用法
1. 等於先詞＋關係代名詞
What= the thing(s) which = all that = anything that
 This is the thing which I need.
= This is ______ I need.
 What he said is not true. = The thing which he said is not true.
2.what 之慣用語
a. what one is ﹝怎麼樣子的人﹞
what one has ﹝擁有的東西﹞
如：What you are is more important than what you have.
b. what is (was) called  所謂的
what we (you, they) call
如: He is what is called a walking dictionary.
c. what is+ 比較級 ﹝更～的是….﹞
如：I lost my way, and what was worse, I was robbed.
d. A is to B what C is to D ﹝A 之於 B 猶如 C 之於 D﹞
如：Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
f. what with… and (what with)~ 一則因…; 一則因…
如: What with overwork and (what with) poor meals, she fell ill.

Try it! 實力演練

1. Never put off till tomorrow _____ you can do today.

(A) the thing (B) that (C) call (D) what

2. Air is to use ______ water is to fish.

(A) that (B) which (C) what (D) so
3. She is different from ______ she was three years ago.
(A) who (B) that (C) whoever (D) what
《重點四》限定與非定限用法
A. 限定用法:
a. 用於「限定或修飾」先行詞
b. 關代之前無_______.
7
 c. 常譯為「…的」
 He has two sons _____ live in Taipei.=>兒子不只兩個
B. 非限定(補述)用法:口訣 有逗,非限, 不可省, 不可代
a. 用於「補述說明」先行詞的意思或說明前面的主要子句的部份或全部
b. 關代之前有_____,不能用______
c. 關代不可省略, 其前的先行詞通常是「唯一或專指」
d. 翻譯時先譯出主要子句之後, 再補充說明關係子句的含意
 He has two sons, ______ live in Taipei.=>只有兩個兒子
 My mother expects me to become a doctor, _____ is not easy.
( 說明前面的主要子句)
Try it! 實力演練

1. He wrote a letter to his father_______ is a doctor.

(A) who (B) whom (C) , who (D) that
2. He is always late, _______ makes his boss angry.
(A) who (B) which (C) that (D) it
3. Pingtung, _______ is famous for its tropical fruit, is my
hometown.

《重點五》關係副詞
A.關係副詞兼具有連接詞與副詞的功能,和關係代名詞一樣,具有先行詞。
表場所 表時間 表理由 表如何

先行詞
The place(house,village…) The time(day,year…) The reason(s) 常無先行詞

關係副詞

B. 關係副詞=_______(in, on, at, by…)+______(which)

C. 關係副詞前的先行詞(the place, the time, the reason)可省略。
D. 試比較下列用法:
(1) 關代+ _________(子句內缺主詞或受詞)This is the village _____I visited.
(2) 關副+__________ This is the village ______ I was born.
E. 關副的使用法:
a. where: 先行詞為場所 This is the place _____ I first met my wife.
＊若先行詞為 case(場合,情況)、point(點)、situation(狀況)等,也可用 where.
8
 These are the cases ______ this rule does not apply.
(這個規則不適用於這些情形。)
b. when: 先行詞為時間  Sunday is (the day) _____ I have no school.
c. why: 先行詞為理由  (The reason) ______ he was absent is not clear.
d. how: 通常無明確的先行詞
 This is _____ the riot happened. (這就是發生暴動的原委。)
 This is the way (that) he solved the problem.
= This is ______ he solved the problem.
F. 關副 where, when 也可用於非限定用法。
 She moved to New York, ________ she opened a boutique.
 I was taking a shower,______ the lights went out!
Try it! 實力演練

1. This is the reason ______ I don’t help him.

2. I would like to live a country _______ there is plenty of sunshine.
3. Spring is the season ______ flowers are in bloom.
4. I came to Taipei_______ I found him.

《重點六》複合關係詞
關係詞加 who, which, what, when 加上 ~ever, 稱為複合關係詞。
A.關係代名詞+ ever
whoever~= __________ _______~ 不論是誰(主格) (~的任何人)
whomever~= _________ ________~ 不論是誰(受格) (~的任何人)
whichever~= ________ ________~ 不論那一個(人, 物)(任何人,物)
whatever~= _________ _________~ 不論什麼(事,物) (~的任何事物)
 Give the book to _________ wants it. (把這本書給任何想要它的人)
 Give the book to _________ you like. (把這本書給你所喜歡的人)
 You may choose __________ you like. (你喜歡哪一個就選哪一個)
 You may do ___________ you like. (你可以做任何你喜歡做的事)
 _________ I have is yours. (我所擁有的都屬於你)
 _________ tells a lie must be punished.(所有說謊的人都該受懲罰)

B. 關係副詞+ ever
Whenever~= at any time when~= no matter ____ 不論何時
Wherever~= at any place where~= no matter _____ 不論在那裡

 Whenever you leave, please tell me.

 Wherever you go, I’ll follow you.
9
Try it! 實實實實

1. She did __________ she could to help the sick and the homeless.
2. I really don’t know what suggestion I should offer you.
Do ________ seems best to you.
3. Give the money to _________ needs it.
4. The social volunteers at the hospital serve ________ is in need of help.

10
Try it! 進階考題

1.( ) Michael took away Peter's books without permission, _______ made Peter very angry. (97.3
模考)
A. that B. what C. which D. whatever
2. ( ) Scientists had already identified deep cracks in the Ward Hnut Shelf, _______ measures
around 155 square miles.(97.2 模考)
A. that B. which C. what D. whatever
3.( ) You are one of the best teachers _______ I've ever had, and I enjoy being
taught by you in my high school years. (97.3 模考)
A. whoever B. that C. what D. who
4.( ) The vouchers are distributed to every R.O.C citizen born before March 31st
, 2009 _______ hold valid household registration.(98 統測)
A. when B. what C. who D. which
5. ( ) The custom came from the Han people _______ wanted to send a
peaceful message to their families and friends. (97 統測)
A. who B. while C. what D. where
6.( ) In 1723, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, _______ he started his own
newspaper.(97 統測)
A. who B. which C. where D. what
7.( ) This is very common in the workplace _______ employees often have to
handle customers' complaints. (96 統測)
A. how B. which C. where D. why
8.( ) They argue that unlike films and television, _______ are carefully
controlled so that parents can decide that they will let their children
watch, information on the Internet is open to anyone.
(92 統測)
A. those B. these C. which D. what

11
 Unit Four 分詞 編整老師：黃詩婷

一、分詞片語

基本概念
分詞片語由關係子句(即形容詞子句)簡化而來
用法
分詞片語用來修飾名詞，置於名詞後面，當關係子句簡化為分詞片語時，有以下幾個步驟：
Step 1 省略關係代名詞
Step 2 將動詞改為分詞。關係子句的動詞是主動語態時，改為現在分詞 (V-ing)；關係子句
的動詞是被動語態時，改為過去分詞 (V-en)

主
句型一： …N + who/ which/ that + V…  …N + V-ing… (表動 )

 Mike introduced the man who wore black glasses to us in the party.

 Mike introduced the man wearing black glasses to us in the party.

 The woman that is sitting next to Mrs. Green is our new teacher.

 The woman sitting next to Mrs. Green is our new teacher.

 …N + who/ which/ that + beV + V-en…  …N + V-en… ( )

 The books which are written by J .K. Rowling are popular around the world.

 The books written by J .K. Rowling are popular around the world.

 My father prefers the car that is made in Germany.

 My father prefers the car made in Germany.

Try it! 



1. __________ The sport is not suitable for people _______ a heart attack.

(A) have (B) having (C) had (D) to have

2. __________ I like the films ________ by Ang Lee.

(A) directed (B) that is directed (C) directing (D) which directed

3. __________ The girl _________ in a pink dress is my cousin, Amy.

(A) that dressed (B) dressed (C) dressing (D) dress

4. __________ Yesterday we saw a movie _________ Charlie Chapin.

(A) starring (B) starred (C) to star (D) which star

12
5. __________ The living room _________ with pictures and flowers is pleasant.

(A) decorating (B) that is decorating (C) decorated (D) has decorated






 


1. 

Step 1    and 

Step 2                          (V-ing)       
(V-en)

  S + V1… and S + V2…  S + V1…, V2-ing ()

 The girl turned down the radio and she did her homework.

 The girl turned down the radio, doing her homework.

 My father is sitting on the sofa and he is reading the newspaper.

 My father is sitting on the sofa, reading the newspaper.

  S + V1… and S + beV + V2-en …  S + V1…, V2-en ()

 Kevin didn’t finish his homework and he was blamed by his teacher.

 Kevin didn’t finish his homework, blamed by his teacher.

 The thief had stolen many cars and he was caught by the police two days ago.

 The thief had stolen many cars, caught by the police two days ago.

Try it! 



1. ___________ David broke the vase, __________ by his parents.

13
 (A) scolding (B) scolded (C) and scolded (D) was scolding
2. ___________ The farmer felt tired, ________ to take a rest.
(A) stopped (B) and stopping (C) stopping (D) to stop
3. ___________ The woman was robbed of her bag, _________ shocked and cried out.
(A) felt (B) to feel (C) feeling (D) and feel

4. The thief threw away the stolen purse and he ran away in a hurry.

5. The motorcyclist was hit by a car and he was sent to the hospital right away.

2. 

Step 1  

Step 2 (V-ing)(V-en)

  Conj. + S + V1…, S + V2…  Conj. + V1-ing , S + V2… ()

 After Nina cleaned the house all day long, she felt exhausted.

 After cleaning the house all day long, Nina felt exhausted.

 If Victoria studies hard, she will enter an ideal college.

 If studying hard, Victoria will enter an ideal college.

  Conj. + S + be V + V1-en…, S + V2…  Conj. + V1-en , S + V2… ()

 When Tom heard that his favorite baseball team won, he felt excited.

 When hearing that his favorite baseball team won, Tom felt excited.

 After the robber was caught by the police, he felt regretful.

 After caught by the police, the robber felt regretful.

Try it! 



1. ___________ After _________ her son in a fire, Mrs. White has been in despair.
(A) lost (B) losing (C) has lost (D) she loses
2. ___________ Because __________ no homework, Cindy can watch cartoons tonight.

14
 (A) assigning( ) (B) she assigned (C) assigned (D) to assign

3. If Sam makes good use of his time, he can have better academic performance.

4. After the woman knew that her son was safe, she felt relieved.

5. Because the Lee family won the lottery, they bought a new house and a new car.

6. After the bridge was destroyed in 921 earthquake, it has finally been rebuilt.



 As the little girl doesn’t know what to do, she asks her mom for help.

 Not knowing what to do, the little girl asks her mom for help.

 When Jason wasn’t elected as the class leader, he felt upset.

 Not elected as the class leader, Jason felt upset.


1. Because Tony didn’t have enough cash, he paid the cell phone with a credit card.

2. Because Paul didn’t feel well, he went home and took a rest.

3. Because the guests didn’t wear formal clothes, they weren’t allowed to enter the party.

Unit Five  

      
  andbutor 
☆ It started to rain, and people all put up their
and   umbrellas.
    
()
☆ The grapefruit tastes sour but sweet.
but  

 
(
15
 ☆ Are you for the policy or are you against it?
or
  


Try it! 

 
1. Bill turned on the light ___________ started to read.
2. The question seems difficult, ___________ actually, it is very easy.
3. Ken got up early ___________ he still missed the bus.
4. Which subject do you like, English ___________ math?
5. The kid didn't know what to do. She looked up at the sky___________ started to cry.

 

both A and B ☆ Both Bill and Kelly are optimistic.


A  B  Bill  Kelly 
either A or B ☆ Either you or I am wrong.
 B
 A  B   
neither A nor B ☆ Neither Michael nor his parents live in this area.
 B 
 A  B Michael 
☆ Not only Peter but also his friends are crazy about
not only A but also B
 B  online games.
 A  B
 Peter  
A as well as B ☆ Rob as well as I is interested in art.
 A 
A  B …. Rob 

Try it! 

＊ 
_________1. Both John's brother and sister ______ to roller-skate.
(A) likes (B) are like (C) is like (D) like
_________2. _____Sam ______ his girlfriend can attend Eric's wedding. They are both busy.
(A) Both; and (B) Either; or (C) Neither; nor (D) Not only; but also
_________3. Either Frank or his brothers ____ to take the garbage out later.
(A) has (B) have (C) is (D) was
_________4. Ted as well as his best friends _____ interested in playing yo-yo.
(A) is (B) are (C) has (D) have
_________5. _____ are curious about this question. The all want to know the answer.
(A) Either Andy or his classmates (B) Neither Andy nor his classmates

16
 (C) Andy as well as his classmates (D) Not only Andy but also his classmates

  ……
☆ While Darren was taking a shower, the door bell rang.
when, as, while 
 Darren 
☆ Before Rex explained, we misunderstood him.
before ….
 Rex 
☆ After Pitt explained, we knew the reason.
after ….
 Pitt 

☆ Since Sue was a child, she has been interested in science.
since 
Sue 
as soon as ☆ As soon as Bob got home, he turned on the TV.
….… Bob  
☆ Jason stayed at his friend's house until it got dark.
until, till 
Jason 
☆ Richard caught a cold as he didn't wear warm clothing.
because, as 
Richard 

☆ Since it's so late, you should go to bed.
since, now that 

☆ It is raining heavily, so the game is postponed.
so 

 ☆ Kate is so smart that she learns very fast. (so + adj.)
so…that, such….that
☆ Kate is such a smart girl that she learns very fast. (such + N)
 ….….
Kate 
although/ though ☆ Although Carl keeps silent, he knows what happened.
  Carl 

even if, even though ☆ Even if Rex won the game, he was not proud.
  Rex 
if  ☆ If any problem arises, we'll try our best to solve it.


☆ As long as you devote yourself to the work, you can make it.
as long as 

☆ The kid talks as if/ as though we were a doctor.
 as if, as though  
( )
so that, in order that ☆ Eat less sweet so that you can lose weight.

…. 
☆ Alex likes soccer, while his brother likes baseball.
 while, whereas 
Alex 

17
Try it! 

＊ 
_________ 1. Wendy heard a loud scream _________she was walking on the street.
(A) because (B) while (C) before (D) after
_________ 2. _________you know what to do, you may start doing your project.
(A) As if (B) As soon as (C) Now that (D) So that
_________ 3. The baby kept crying _________ his mother held him in her arms.
(A) since (B) while (C) if (D) until
_________ 4. Take regular exercise_________ you can keep fit.
(A) so that (B) as if (C) even if (D) as long as
_________ 5. _________ Tom was stuffed, he kept eating.
(A) Even though (B) Now that (C) Because (D) Since

 ‧
 (.) (;) (and) ‧
 besides,  ☆ Music can entertain people; moreover, it can make
moreover,  people relaxed.
furthermore, → Music can entertain people. Moreover, it can make
what's more, people relaxed.
in addition,     
additionally
 however, yet,  ☆ The worker was tired out; nevertheless, he had to
still,  finish painting this room.
nevertheless, 
nonetheless
 therefore, thus,  ☆ The salesman worked very hard. Thus, he got a
hence, promotion.
as a result, as a 
consequence,
consequently,
accordingly
 otherwise  ☆ Before going to another country, we have to learn
 
 their customs; otherwise, we may offend people
 there.
  
 for example,  ☆ The manager tried hard to promote this product.
for instance For example, he used commercials to make his
product known to the customers.
    

18
 likewise,  ☆ E-mail users are annoyed with junk mail.
similarly, Likewise, many companies are troubled with this
in the same way problem.
E-mail   
 instead,  ☆ Ken didn't go to school. Instead, he went to the
on the contrary Internet café.
Ken 
  namely,  
   ☆ Mark is generous; that is, he is willing to help
in other words,  others with all he can.
that is, Mark   
that is to say
Try it! 

_________ 1. Some people believe in aliens; _________, others don’t'.
(A) moreover (B) thus (C) however (D) otherwise
_________ 2. Google is a successful company. It encourages creativity; ______, it stresses the
importance of cooperation. (A) besides (B) hence (C) yet (D) instead
_________ 3. The pop singer's voice cracked during her performance; _________, she felt
embarrassed. (A) namely (B) therefore (C) nevertheless (D) for example
_________ 4. Listen to the teacher carefully; _________ , you won't know what to do.
(A) otherwise (B) still (C) consequently (D) furthermore
_________ 5. Jack had a car accident. He hurt his legs; _________, his motorcycle was broken.
(A) nevertheless (B) otherwise (C) hence (D) what's more
Answer Key:
Unit One
Unit Two
1. Baseball is loved by us all.
2. A dog ran after her.
3. Mary is called a genius (by everyone).
4. A dog was heard to bark outside.
5. Teenagers are always interested in stories of ghosts.
6. You are going to be killed by me.
7. Your pet dog must be fed by you regularly.
8. I am being killed by you.
9. The two books have been seen by nobody before.
10. Some food had been left by Mom for you.

19