THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 1

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

EXERCISE – I HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 B 1  2  2
Given 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 = 36 D.C. of OP =  3 , 3 , 3 
 
x2 + y2 + z2 = 18
Distance from origin   1  2  2
Vector OP = | OP |  , , 
3 3 3 
= x2  y2  z2 = 18 = 3 2
= (1, –2, –2)
Sol.2 C
PA2 – PB2 = 2k2 Sol.7 A
(x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 + (z – 5)2 – (x + 1)2 AB = (1, – 3 – , 0)
– (y – 3)2 – (z + 7)2 – 2k2 CD = (3 – , 2, –2)
8x + 2y + 24z + 9 + 2k2 = 0 AB  CD
(3 – ) + 2(–3 – ) + 0 = 0
Sol.3 B  + 2 + 3 = 0
 +  = 90º
 = 90 –  Sol.8 D
cos  = sin 
x 1 y 2 z3
cos2  = 1 – cos2  = =
cos2  + cos2  = 1 ....(1) 1 2 3
& cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 x 1 y 2 z3
cos2 = 0  = 90º & = =
2 2 3
Sol.4 D Both lines poasing through same point
(1, 2, 3) that they intersect each other
1 at point P.
 = cos  =
2
(1.2)  (2.2)  (3.(2))
Angle cos  = =0
1 1 49 4 4 4
 = cos  =
2

2 + m2 + n2 = 1  =
2

n = 0  cos  = 0  = Sol.9 A
2
A (a, b, c) B(a’, b’, c’)
Sol.5 C 
cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 Line AB = (a, b, c) +  (a’ –a, b’ – b, c’ – c)
2cos2  = 1 – cos2  = sin2  = (a + a’, b + b’, c + c’) – (a, b, c)
2cos2  = 3 sin2  = 3 – 3 cos2  It will passes through origin when
cos2  = 3/5 a + a’ = b + b’ = c + c’ =0

Sol.6 A a b c
 = =
D.R. of OP = (1, –2, –2) a' b' c'
y
P
Sol.10 B

3 a = (1, 5, –3)

b = (–1, 8, 4)
 
O x a .b
cos  =  
| a || b |
z

Sol.11 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

– 3 ×3k + 2k × 1 – 10 = 0
– 9k + 2k – 10 = 0

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 Page # 2 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

– 7k = 10
1  4 1
10 1   =0
k= 1 /2 1 1
7

3  1  (1  3  1)  8 Sol.16 B
Sol.12
6  24 x=y+a=z ....(1)
x + a = 2y = 2z ....(2)
6 1 we have option (B) & (C)
= but ifwe look at option B
6 24 2
it will satisfy the given equation
1
cos  =  = 60º Sol.17 D
2
x y z
A (1,2,1) = = =   point (, 2, 3)
1 2 3
x 1 y 2 z3
Sol.13 = = =M
O 3 1 4
•
(0,0,0) Point (3M + 1, –M + 2, 4M + 3)
C B
x k y 1 z2
(–1,1,2) (2,1,3) = = =t
3 2 h
Question of plane Point (3t – k, 2t + 1, ht + 2)
OAB and ABC If all three lines are concurrent
and angle between  = 3 + 1; 2 = – + 2; 3 = 4 + 3
 = 1  = 1
Sol.14 Consider OX, OY, OZ and Ox, Oy, Oz are 1 1
two system of rectanglular axes. 3t –k = 1 ; 2t +1 = 2 k = t =
2 2
Let their corresponding equations of plane ht + 2 = 3
be ht = 1  h = 2
x y z
  =1 ...(i) Sol.18 C
a b c
x 2 y 3 z4
x y z = = ;
and   =1 ...(ii) 1 1 k
a' b' c'
Length of perpendicular from origin to Eqs. x 1 y4 z5
= =
(i) and (ii) must be same. k 2 1
A(2, 3, 4) B (1, 4, 5)
1 1 D.R. (1, 1, –k) D.R. (k, 2, 1)
 =
1 1 1 1 1 1
    1 1 1
a2 b2 c2 a'2 b'2 c'2
1 1 k
Coplanar then = =0
1 1 1 1 1 1 k 2 1
   =  
a2 b2 c2 a'2 b'2 c'2  k = 0 or k = –3
1 1 1 1 1 1
 2
 2  2 – 2  2  2 =0 Sol.19 A
a b c a' b' c' Normal vector of plane
x 1 y  3 z 1 = (2 – 3, –1 –4, 5 + 1) = (–1, –5, 6)
Sol.15   ...(1) Equation of plane
1  
–x – 5y + 6z = k
x  0 y 1 z  2 passes through (2, –3, 1)
  ...(2) –2 + 15 + 6 = k  k = 19
112 1 1
–x – 5y + 6z = 19
x + 5y – 6z +19 = 0

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 3

Sol.20 A
x y z
 + + =1 ....(1)
  
x + 2y + 2z = 5 n1 = (1, 2, 2)


3x + 3y + 2z = 8 n2 = (3, 3, 2) =a  = 3a
3
  
Normal vector of plane = n1 × n1 =b  = 3a
3

î ĵ k̂ 
=c  = 3c
1 2 2 3
= = – 2 î + 4 ĵ + 3 k̂
3 3 2 x y z x y z
+ + =1  + + =3
3a 3b 3c a b c
Equation of plane
–2x + 4y – 3z = k Sol.23 A
passing through (1, – 3, –2) Ley the equation of plane
k = –8
– 2x + 4y – 3z = – 8 x y z
+ + =1
2x – 4y + 8z – 8 = 0 a b c

Sol.21 A
1   B(0, b, 0)
Area = | AB  AC |
2
y

B(0, b, 0) A (a, 0, 0)

C(0, 0, c)

x 1
A(a, 0, 0) given that p =
1 1 1
 
2 2
a b c2
c(0, 0, c)
1 1 1 1
z or + + = ....(1)
1 a 2
b c 2p2 2
= |(–a, b, 0) × (–a, 0, c)| Let centroid (u, v, w)
2
1 1
u= a = 4u
=
2 a2b2  b2c2  c2a2 4
b
Sol.22 C v= b = 4v
4
Let the equation of plane :
y c
w= c = 4w
4
B(0, ,0) 1
1 1 1
+ + =
16u 2
16v 2
16w 2 p2

1 1 1 16
x + + =
A(,0,0) u2
v w 2 p2 2

u–2 + v–2 + z–2 = 16p–2

C(0,0, )
z

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 Page # 4 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

Sol.30 A
2 1 2 3 1 Let N be foot of poerpendicular = (, , )
Sol.24 cos  =  
6 6 6 2 N(, , ) O
 = 60º
A (1, 2, 3)
Sol.25 D Equation of plane willk be
(xy + yz) = 0 x + y + z = k
A
x + z = 0 and y = 0 passing through (1, 2, 3)
Two perpendicular plane. k =  + 2 + 3 N
x + y + z =  + 2 + 3
this plane passes through (, , ) also
2 +2 + 2 =  + 2 + 3
Sol.26 A x2 + y2 + z3 – x – 2y – 3z = 0
Let the Eqn of plane
Sol.31 B
x y z
+ + =1 N (, , )
   3x – 2y – z = 9
passes through (a, b, c)
2  1  3
= = =
a b c 3 2 1
+ + =1  = 3 + 2,  = – 2 –1,  = –  + 3
  
common point will be (, , ) N point lies on the plane
so locus 3(3 + 2) – 2(–2 + 1) – (– + 3) = 9
2 P(2, –1, 3)
a b c  =
+ + =1 7
x y z
Sol.27 D  20  11 19 
N  7 , 7 , 7 
  
2x – y + z = 6 n1 = (2, –1, 1)
normal vector of other plane P  P
N=  P1=2N–P N
2
î ĵ k̂
 26  15 17 
 1 1 2 P1  7 , 7 , 7 
n2 = = 2 î + 2 ĵ – 2 k̂  
1 1 0
P' (a, b, c)
Sol.32 A
  Let the equation of planes
n1 . n 2 
angle cos  =   = 0  = x y z x y z
| n1 || n 2 | 2 + + = 1 & a + b + c =1
a b c 1 1 1
Sol.28 B perpendicular distance from orign will be
same
| AC | = 2
p 1 = p2
   
| a | = |b | = | a – b | = 4 2
 
|a – c | = 2
1 1
  
 b   b  c  1 1 1 = 1 1 1
  a          
2  2  (b  2a).(b  c) 1 a2
b 2 2
c a12 b12 c12
   
cos =  =     =
2
b  bc b  2a . b  c
a 1 1 1
2 2 1 1 1
+ + = + +
a 2
b 2
c 2 a12 b12 c12
5  21
8
Sol.29 2  2 7
9 3 2

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 5

Sol.33 C Sol.38 D
2x + y + 2z = 8 ....(1) Direction of line = (1, 2, 2)
5 normal vector of plane = (2, –1,
2x + y + 2z = – ....(2) )
2
5 222  1
8 21 7 sin  = =
Distance = 2 = = 1 4  4 4 1  3
4 1 4 2  3 2
4 = 5 + 

Sol.34 D 5
=
x 2 y 1 z2 3
= =
3 4 12 Sol.39 B
Use pases through P(2, –1, 2)
point P
So P0I of line and plane is P (2, –1, 2) î ĵ k̂
(–1, –5, –10) so PQ = 13 1 1 2
dirn of line = 2 3 4 = –2 î + k̂
Sol.35 A
 1 2  3 DR’ & = (–2, 0, 1)
= = =
2 3 6  
 = 2 + 1, b = 3l –2,  = –6 + 3 (n1  n2 ) × k̂ = (–2 î + k̂ ) × k̂ = 2 ĵ
(, , ) lie on the plane x + y + z= 5  distance = 2
P(2, –1, 3)
1
 = Sol.40 B
7
d Let Point P (, , )
 9  11 15  Given that
Q7 , 7 , 7  (2, 3, –6)
  ( – 12) + ( + 1)2 + ( – 1) + ( + 1)2 +
d = PQ = 1 ( – 1)2 + ( + 1)2 = 10
Q(, ,  ) 22 + 22 + 22 + 6 = 0
2 + 2 + 2 = 2  x2 + y2 + z2 = 2
Sol.36 A
Sol.41 A
î ĵ k̂ A (2 –x, 2, 2) B (2, 2 – y, 2) C (2, 2, 2 – z)
 1 3 1 D(1, 1, 1)
n1 = 1 2 1 = –5 î + 5 k̂
 
AB = (x, – y, 0), AC = (x, 0, –2),
ˆ
ˆi ˆj k 
 2 1 3
AD = (x –1, –1, –1)
n2 = = –2 î + (2 + 3a)j + (2 + a) k̂ If A, B, C, D are coplanar points then
a 1 1
  
p (0, –5, –3) ; R(0, –1/5, –3/5) [ AB AC AD ] = 0
For compaire lines
  x y 0
[ PQ n1 n2 ] = 0  a = –2 x 0 2 1 1 1
=0  + + =1
x 1 1 1 x y z
Sol.37 A

î ĵ k̂ Sol.42 C
Direction of line = 2 3 1 = 3 î –3 ĵ +3 k̂
x 2 y 1 z 1
1 3 2 = = =
3 2 1
(3 +2, 2 –1, 1 – )
3 1 z=0  =1
O.D. (x-axis) = = xy = c2
a a a 3
(3 + 2) (2 – 1) = c2
put  = 1 c2 = 5  c=± 5
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 Page # 6 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

Sol.43 Given, lines k – 2 + a = 2k – 2 – 2a

 k = 3a ...(i)
x2 y 3 z4 on solving first and third fraction, we get
  ...(i)
1 1 k 2k – 2 – 2a = k – 
 k – k = 2a
x 1 y  4 z 5
and   ...(ii)  = 3a – 2a [from Eq. (i)]
k 2 1  = a
are coplanar. Coordinates of E are (3a, 2a, 3a) and
1 1 1 coordinates of F are (a, a, a)
 1 1 k =0
k 2 1

 x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1 
 l1 m1 n1  0
 
 l2 m2 n2 
 – 1(1 + 2k) –1(1 + k2) + 1(2 – k) = 0
 – 2k – 1 – 1 – k2 + 2 – k = 0
 – k2 – 3k = 0
 k = 0 or – 3

Sol.44 cos  = cos 

sin2  = 3 sin2 
1 – cos2 = 3(1 – cos2)
1 – cos2 = 3 – 3cos2 
cos2 + cos2 + cos2= 1
2 cos2= 3 – 3 cos2
3
5 cos = 3 cos2 =
5
Sol.45 Let the equation of line AB be

A E
B

C D
F

x0 ya z  0
  =k (say)
1 1 1
Any point on the line is F(k, k – a, k).
Also, the equation of other line CD is
xa y a z0
  = (say)
2 1 1
Any point on the line is E (2 – a, ,)
Direction ratio of EF are
[(k – 2 + a), (k – a – ), (k – )].
Since, it is given that derection ratios of
EF are proportional to 2, 1, 2.
k  2 k    a k  
  
2 1 2
on solving first and second fraction, we
get

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 7

EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.1 D Sol.3 A
The DC's of incident RAy arew (1, 0, 0).
Let the D.C's of reflectd ray be ( , m, n) xa y b zc
= = Point (p, q, r)
 m n

(, m, n) M(1, –1, 1) P(p, q, r)


(1, 0, 0)
(a, b, c) d'c's
(, m, n)


The D.R.'s of the normal to polane of Let r1 = (p – a) î +(q – b) ĵ + (r – c) ĵ
mirror is (l – 1, m, n)

r2 =  î + m ĵ + n k̂
 1 m n
= =
1 1 1  
 =  + 1, m = – , n =  r1 . r 2
2 + m2 + n2 = 1 cos =  
| r1 | r2 |
( + 1)2 + 2 + 2 = 1
32 + 2 = 0

 = –2/3 also d = | r1 | sin 

1 2  2 
D.C's of reflected Ray  3 , 3 , 3  d2 = | r1 |2 sin2
 

 1 2 2 = | r1 |2 (1 – cos2)
or   , , 
 3 3 3
   2 
  ( r1 . r 2 ) 
= | r1 |2    
| r1 |2| r 2 |2 
Sol.2 A
Direction ratio's of line = (–2, 1, 2)   
d2 = | r1 |2 – ( r1 . r 2 )2
  2 1 2 = [(P – a)2 + (q – b)2 + (r – c)2]
Direction cosine's =  3 , 3 , 3  – [ (p – a) + m(q – b) + n(r – c)]2
 
Sol.4 D
2 1 2 x = ay + b, z = cy+ d
cos = , cos2 = ; cos3 =
3 3 3 and x = a’y + b’, z = c’h + d’
cos21 + cos22 + cos23
x b zd
= 2 [cos21 + cos22 + cos23] – 3 =y=
a c
4 1 4
=2     –3=–1 x  b' z  d'
3 3 3 and =y=
a' c'
poerpendicular then
aa’ + 1 + cc’ = 0
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 Page # 8 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

Sol.5 C Sol.7 B
A (2, 3, 5) B(–1, 2, 2) C(, 5, 4)
x 1 y 2 z3
= = = ....(1)
A(2, 3, 5) 3 1 2

x 3 y 1 z2
= = =  ....(2)
1 2 3
Variable point on line (1) & (2)
(3 + 1,  + 2, 2 + 3) & ( + 3, 2 + 1, 3 – 2)
3 + 1 =  + 3
+ 2 = 2 + 1
2 + 3 = 3 + 2
m 2+ 3 = 3 + 2
B(–1,2, 2) C(,5,4)
2 + 3 = 3 + 2
By solving = 1,  = 1
 1 7   2 Intersection point (4, 3, 5)
m , , 
 2 2 2  Equation of plane
D.R> of median through A : 4x + 3y + 5z = k
passes through (4, 3, 5)  k = 50
4x + 3y + 5z = 50
 1 7 2 
  2  3,  5
 2 2 2 
Sol.8 C
Equation of lines :
 5 1   8
 , , 
 2 2 2  x 2 y3 z 1
= =
32 43  5 1
As thje median through A is equally inclined
to He axis x 2 y3 z 1 z 1
= = = =
 D.R.'s will be and equal to k. 1 1 6 6
Points ( + 2, – – 3, –6 + 1)
 5  8 Point will be on given plane
2 1 2( + 2) + (– – 3) + (–6 +1) = 7
= = 2  = 6 and  = 9
k 2k k  = –1
Intersection point (1, –2, 7)
Sol.6 B
Si nce t hree l i nes are m ut ual l y
Sol.9 D
perpendicular    
| AC | = 2 ; | a | = | b | = | a – b | = 4 2
12 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0 ; 23 + m2m3
 
+ n2n3 = 0 |a – b| = 2
31 + m3m1 + n3n1 = 0
  
Also 12 + m12 + n12 = 1; 22 + m22 + n22 = 1; b  b  c
  a .  
(1 + 2 + 3)2 + (m1 + n2 + m3)2 2   2 
+ (n1 + n2 + n3)2 cos  =    


b  bc
= (12 + 22 + 132 + 212 a
2 2
+ 223 + 231) = 3
(1 + 2 + 3)2 + (m1 + m2 + m3)2
+ (n1 + n2 + m3)2 = 3
=
b  2a . b  c 
Hence direction cosines of OP are b  2a b  c

 1   2   3 m1  m2  m3 n1  n2  n3  1
 , , 
 3 3 3  put all the values cos  =
2

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 9

Sol.10 A Sol.13 B
Assume P is centroid Let the point P(x, y, z)
Asking minimum value of OP2
Sol.11 A   r distance of origin from plane
Angle between two faces is equal to the
P P2
  d=  d2 =
angle between the normals n1 and n 2 . a2  b2  c2 a2

n1  normal of OAB

n2 = normal of ABC

ˆ
ˆi ˆj k
  
n1 = OA × OB = 1 2 1
2 1 3

=5 î – ĵ – 3 k̂ ...(1)

ˆi ˆj ˆ
k
  
n2 = AB × AC = 1 1 2
2 1 1

= î –5 ĵ – 3 k̂ ...(2)

 
n1 . n 2 19  19 
cos =  =  = cos–1  35 
 35  
| n 2 || n 2 |

Sol.12 C

Distance = x2  y2  z2

= (2t)2  (4t)2  (4t)2

= 6t t = 10
Distance = 60 km

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 Page # 10 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

Sol.5 A,B
Sol.1 B,D
2x – 3y – 7z = 0
(1   2 ) î  (m1  m2 ) ĵ  (n1  n2 )k̂ 3x – 14y – 13z = 0
DC’S = 8x – 31y – 33z = 0
(1   2 )2  (m1  m2 )2  (n1  n2 )2
Above three planes are passing thorugh
 origin.
|n | = (1   2 )2  (m1  m2 )2  (n1  n2 )2
and passes through common line.
= 2  21 2  m1m2  n1n2
Sol.6 B,C
cos  = 12  m1m2  n1n2
  3,2,6  3 2 6
  n̂ = ±  = ±  , , 
|n | = 2  2 cos  = 2 cos  7   7 7 7
2
angle is  – 
3x 2y 6z
  – + + =7
|n | = 2  2 cos  = 2 sin 2 7 7 7
– 3x + 2y + 6z – 49 = 0
Sol.2 C
3x 2y 6z
x = y = –z and – – =7
DR’S (1,1,–1) = 0 7 7 7
 (2, 3, 5). (1, 1, –1) = 0 3x – 2y – 6z – 49 = 0
2 (1, 2, 3). (1, 1, –1) = 0
Sol.7 A,B
Sol.3 B,C
Let a point Q (3 + 15, 8 + 2, –5 + 6)
PQ = (2 + 10, 8 – 5, –5 + 3) A(x 1, y1, z 1)
3(3 + 10) + 8 (8 – 5) – 5(–5 + 3) = 0 
9 + 30 + 64 – 40 + 25 – 15 = 0 R( r )
98 = 35
35 P(d1, d2, d3)
=  PQ = 14 (B)
98 B(x2, y2, z2)
and plane equation 9x – 4y – 14 = 0

Sol.4 B,D
  
[ AR AB P ] = 0

 x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1
=0
d1 d2 d3


x  x2 y  y2 z  z2
x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z2
or =0
î ĵ
k̂ d1 d2 d3
Normal vector = 2 3
 1 = 5(1, –1, –1)
1 1 1
Sol.8 A,B
x + y + z – 1 = 0 & 4x + y – 2z + 2 = 0
2  2 1 1
cos (90 – ) = = put z = 0
9 3 3
x+y=1
1 4x + y = – 2 > x = –1, y = 2
sin  =  cot  = 2 Point (–1, 2, 0)
3

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 11

x 1 y2 z5
î ĵ k̂ = =
3  176  89
Direction = 1 1 1 Let a point Q(2, –3, 6)
4 1 2 PQ will be  n to normal vector of given
plane.
{(2 –1), (–3 – 2), (6 – s), (3, 4, 5)} = 0
= î (–2 – 1) – ĵ (–2 – 4) + k̂ (1 – 4)
3(2 – 1) + 4 (–3 – 2) + 5 (6 – 5) = 0
= –3 î + 6 ĵ – 3 k̂ = –3 (1, –2, 1)
3
Equation of line in symmetrical form  =
2
x 1 y 2 z0
= =
1 2 1  9 
(C) will also satisfy Q  3, ,9 
 2 

Sol.9 A,D Equaton of PR

x 1 y3 z 1 x 1 y 2 z 5
= =
2 1 2 = =
2  1  3  2 6  5

Direction of line b = (2, –1, –2)
3
 Put  =
(A) Normal of plane n = (2, 2, 1) 2
 
b . n =4–2–2=0 x 1 y 2 z5
= =

4  13 8

(B) b . n =2–2+4=4
 
(C) b . n = 4 + 2 – 2= 4 Sol.11 A,B,C
G(3, 2, 1)
 
(D) b . n =2+2–4=0 OG = (3, 2, 1)

Sol.10 A,B,C,D BF = (3, –2, 1)
(3,2,1).(3,2,1)
(2,3,6) cos  =
14 14
N Q
A B (2, –3, 6) 3 3
cos  =   = cos–1
7 7
Similarly ratate the length 2 get all angle.

P(1, 2, 5)

PN = (2 – 1, –3 + 2, 6 – 5)

PN . (2, –3, 6) = 0
2(2 – 1) + 3 (3 + 2) + 6 (6 – 5) = 0

26  52  79 156 
=  N  49 , 49 , 49 
49  
Equation of PN
x 1 y2 z 5
= =
2  1  3  2 6  5
26
Put  =
49

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 Page # 12 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

SUBJECTIVE TYPE Sol.7 cos2 + cos2 + cos 2 = 1 ;
Sol.1 A (0, 7, 10) ; B(–1, 6, 6) ; C (–4, 9, 6) where = 120º,  = 135º
1 1  3  
AB  1  1  16  18   
So (, m, n) =  2 , 2 , 2  , = d (say)
  
AC  16  4  16  9  AB = BC so isoceles .
BC  9  9  10  18   
   PQ . d
Projected PQ on d = =2–2 3
Sol.2 
| d|
0  0 11 0 1  0 1 0 11 0
G=  , ,  x y z
 4 4 4  Sol.8 = =
a b c
1 1 1 Lines will be coplaner so
= 2 , 2 , 2
  a b c
2 1 1 =0 a=b+c
3 3 0
Sol.3 Point equidistant from the points is center
of tetrahedron.
2a  b  c
Sol.4 QP = (4, –4, –2) = 2 (2, –2, –1) cos60° =
a2  b2  c2 6
So direction Ratio of line = (2, –2, –1)
 2b2 + 2c2 + 5b c = 0
2  2 1  (b + 2c) (2b + c) = 0
direction cosine =  3 , 3 , 3  b = –2c or b = –c/2
 
a = –c a = c/2
Sol.5  + m + n = 0 & 2 + m2 = n2 (given) x y z x y z
= = or = =
 = (m +n) put in IInd relatiin c 2c c c/2 c / 2 c
x y z x y z
(i) m  0 (ii) m  n  0 = = or = =
m n  1 2 1 1 1 2
  n  0   
1 1 0
Sol.9 Direction of line
m  n l2  m2  n2 1
    
0 1 1 2 î ĵ k̂
2  12  0
2 3 3
2
 m n2 2
1 = 3  4 2 = –6 î –13 ĵ – 17 k̂
 
2 2
O 1   2 2
x 1 y2 z3
line : = =
6 13 17
 1 1
So (1,m1, n1) =  ,0,  ;
x 1 y2 z3
 2 2 or = =
6 13 17
 1 1 
(1, m2, n2) =  0, ,  ;  = 60º
 2 2 î ĵ k̂
Sol.10 direction of line = 2 2 2
3 2 1
m  mn  n
Sol.6 cos  =
2  m2  n2 = – 2 î + 4 ĵ – 2 k̂
using the given equation equation of line
4 x2 y1 z3
 = cos–1  9  = =
  2 4 2
x 2 y 1 z 3
 
1 2 1

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 13

Sol.11 Equation of line joining A & B

x y z
Sol.15 = =
x9 y4 z5 a b c
= = =  (Let)
 20 4 6 lines will be coplanar so
Let a point C oin the line is a b c
(–20 – 9, 4 + 4, 6 + 5) 2 1 1 =0a+b+c
Now Co (where O is origin) 3 3 0

CO = (–20 – 9, 4 + 4, 6 + 5) 2a  b  c
cos 60° =
& CO . AB = 0 (Q CO is r to line) a  b2  c2 6
2

 400 + 180 + 16 + 16 + 36 +30 = 0 2b2 + 2c2 + 5bc = 0

(b + 2c) (2b + c) = 0
1
=– b = –2c or b = –c/2
2 a = –c or a = c/2
So point C = (1, 2, 2)
x y z x y z
which is also the mid point of A & B. = = or = =
c 2c c c/2 c / 2 c

y z x y z x y z
Sol.12 x = 0; + =1 = = or = =
b c 1 2 1 1 1 2
is a line in (y – z) plane with y intercept
Sol.16 Let the equation of plane is
‘b’ & zintercept ‘c’.
Ax + By + Cz + 1 = 0
x z using points (1, 0, 0) & (0, 1, 0)
y = 0; – =1 A = –1 & B = –1
a c
is a line in (x – z) plane with 1 A.(1)  B.(1)
& angle ; =
x intercept ‘a’ & z intercept ‘–c’. 2 1  12  C2 . 2
2
So using distancer between two skew lines
 C=± 2
1 1 1 1
= + + .
d2 a2 b2 c2  x  y  2 z  1  0

  
x 1 y 2 z3 Sol.17 Let a (1,1,1); b (1,–1,1)& c (–7, –3, –5)
Sol.13 = = =
2 3 4 normal of the plane
p (2 + 1, 3 + 2, 4 + 3)     
n1 = (b – a ) × (b – c )
x4 y 1 z
2 = = =
5 2 1 
& n2 = (0, 1, 0)
(5 + 4, 2 + 1, )
2 + 1 = 5 = 4 
angle =
3 + 2 = 2 = 1 2
4 + 3 = 
a = –1 Sol.18 Direction of intersection line
P(–1, –1, –1)  
= n1 × n2
Similarly
put z = 0 in both planes
PoI of other two lines x – 2y = 1 x = 3, y = 1
Q(4, 0, –1) x + 2y = 5
PQ = 26 point (3, 1, 0)
x 3 y 1 z0
line : = =
Sol.14 Point of intersection of line & plane 2 3 4
= (2, –1, 2) variable point (2 + 3, 3 + 1, 4)
using distance formula 2(2 + 3) + 2(3 + 1) + 4 + 6 = 0
80  = –1
 = –1, point (1, –2, –4)
63
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 Page # 14 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

 Sol.23 Line and plane are parallel.

Sol.19 1 : 2x + 3y – z + 1 = 0 ; n1 = (2, 3, –1)
So image of (1, 2, –3) about the plane
 3x – 3y + 10z = 26
2 : x + y – 2z + 3 = 0 ; n 2 = (1, 1, –2) is (4, –1/7)
Let the equation of the required polane : So equation of line is
 = 1 + 2 ...(i)
x4 y 1 z7

= =
9 1 3
& normal of 5 plae is (2 + , 3 + , –1 – 2) = n

also fn3 : 3x – y – 2z = 4 ; n3 = (3, –1, –2) Sol.24 Line of intersection of planes
2x + y = 0 & x – y + z = 0
  5
& n . n3 = 0  = –
6 Sol.25 Equation of plane through given line’s
Put in (i) plane is 7x + 13y + 4z – 9 = 0
(3x – y + 2z – 1) + (x + 2y – z – 2) = 0 ...(i)
This is perpoendicular to
Sol.20 A(2, 0, 0) ; B(0, 3, 0) ; C(0, 0, –5)
3x + 2y + z = 0 ...(ii)
normal of plane = AB × AC
2
= (–15, –10, 6) So  = –
3
Equation of plane
Putting this in (i) ;
–15(x – 2) – 10(y – 0) + 6(z – 0) = 0 3x – 8y + 7z + 4 = 0 ...(iii)
x y z using (ii) & (iii) equation of line.
+ + =1
2 3 (5)
Sol.26 Now plane passing through origin
1  
Area = | × AC | Normal of plane = a  b
2 AB = (1, 2, –3) × (2, –3, 1)
19 = –7 î – 7 ĵ – 7 k̂
=
2
= –7 ( î + ĵ + k̂ )
so Eqn of plane is
 1
x+y+z=0
Sol.21
(3,5,–7) P (–2,1,8)

  2  3   5 8  7  x y z 1
Sol.27 = =
P   1 ,  1,  1  1 1 2
  
a = DR’S = (1, 1, –2) Fixed point P(0, 0, 1)
2  3 
= 0   = 3/2 x +y + z = 1 ; n = (1, 1, 1)
 1  
n.a = 1 + 1 – 2 = 0
 13  & point P satisfy the plane
P  0, ,2 
 5   line lies is the plane.
x y z 1
x4 y 3 z2 Let the line = =
Sol.22 Equation of L1 : = = a b c
1 4 5
x 3 y2 z 1 a  b  2c
& of L2 : = = ( || lines) cos  = =
1 4 5 6 a2  b2  c2 6
Equation of any plane through L1
a(x – 4) + b (y – 3) + C (z – 2) = 0 ...(i) squareing
where a – 4b + 5c = 0 ...(ii) 3c2 + 2ab = 4c(a + b) .........(1)
also (3, –2, 0) lie oin plane (i) let the point is plane (1, 0, 0)
using (ii) & (iii)  condition of copalanarity
a + 5b + 2c = 0 ...(iii) 1 0 1
a b c a b c =0 ........(2)
= = 1 1 2
11 1 3
So Equation of plane 11x – y – 3z = 35 Solve (1) & (2) and get (a, b, c)

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 15

both lines will be coplanar

x 1 y 2 z3
Sol.28 = =
a b c a b c
 6 5 8 =0  4a = 3c
x 1 y 2 z4 3  15 4
= =
2 1 2
Lines are coplaner. 4 10
If a = k, c = k, b = k
3 3
a b c
2 1 2 = 0  7a – 10b – 2c = 0 ......(1) x4 y  14 z4
2 0 7 = =
3 10 4
and a + 5b + 4c = 0 ....(2)
from (1) & (2) î ĵ k̂
2 3 5
3 Sol.31 Normal of plane = 1  1 1
a = k, b = k, c = – k
2

x 1 y 1 z3 = 2 î  3 ĵ  k̂
= = 3
k k  k equation of plane
2 2(x – 1) + 3(y – 2) + 1(z – 0) = 0
2x + 3y + z + 4 = 0
x 1 y 1 z3
= =
2 2 3
3 2 1
Sol.32 coplanar  1 3 2 =0  p=1
x2 y3 z4 /3 1 p7 5
Sol.29 = = =
3 2 5/3
x 1 y 1 z2
= = =
 5  4  3 2 1
Q  3 –2, 2 –3,
 3 
x y7 z7
& = = =
 9 5  8  1  3 2
PQ =  3, 2 – 2 , 3  – 3 + 1 =  ....(1)

 2 + 1 = – 3 + 7 ....(2)
n = (4, 12, –3)  – 2 = 2 – 7 ....(3)
  = – 3/7 &  = 16/7
PQ . n = 0   = 2
 16 1  17 
 1  Point of intersection  , , 
PQ =  6, 2 ,6   7 7 7 
 

17 î ĵ k̂  (7, 7, 7)
distance = | PQ | = 3 2 1
2 Normal of plane = 1  3 2
 (1, 1, 1)

x4 y  14 z4 Equation of plane (x – 1) + (y – 1) + (z + 2) = 0

Sol.30 = = x+y+z=0
a b c
 
direction of intersecting line = n1 × n2 = (–6, 5, –8)  
Sol.33 n1 = (1, –2, 3) ; n2 = (2, 3, –4)
Put z = 0 in both the planes
  
3x + 2y = 5 Directionof line = n1 × ( n1 × n2 )
x = 1, y = 1
x – 2y = –1 = (–44, –10, 8)
P (1, 1, 0)
x7 y2 z 1
x 1 y 1 z0 = =
Another line = =  44  10 8
6 5 8
–6a + 5b – 8c = 0 x7 y2 z 1
or = =
22 5 4
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 Page # 16 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

Sol.34 Line & plane are  r to each other

Sol.38 PQ = (–1, –2, –1)
image of (1, 2, –3) in the plane is foot of  r
(,,) PR = (1, –5, –1)
 1  2  3 PS = (5, –2, 2)
= = =
3 3 10
1 1
N(3 + 1, –3 + 2, 10 – 3) volume = [ PQ PR PS ] =
6 2
 3(3 + 1) – 3(–3 + 2) + 10(10 – 3) = 26
  = 1/2 P (1,2,–3) Sol.39 M (1, 2, 0)
OP = (1, 2, 3)
5 1  N OM = (1, 2, 0)
N  , , 2
 2 2 
3 3
P' cos  =   = cos–1
14 14
P  P'
= N  P’ = 2N – P
2 1 1
cos  =   = cos–1
 P’  (4, –1, 7) 5 5
equation of line
Sol.40 (a)
x4 y1 z 7 
= = PQ = (0, 1, 2) PR = (1, 1, 4)
9 1 3

PQ × PR = 2 î + 2 ĵ – k̂
î ĵ k̂ 1 3
Area = PQ  PR =
2 3 2 2 2
Sol.35 Normal of plane = 2 5 4 = 2 î  4 ĵ  4k̂
(b)
2(x – 1) + 2 (y – 0) – (z + 1) = 0
plare will passes through (1, 0, 0) 2x + 2y – z – 3 = 0
 1(x – 1) – 2y + 2z = 0
x – 2y + 2z = 1 2 2 1
x+ y– z=1
3 3 3
Sol.36 M(1, 0, 5) & N (–2, 0, 4) (c)
Equation of MN x = 0, z = 0
y = 3/2
x 1 y0 z5
= =  3 
3 0 1 point  0, ,0 
angle between line & plane is  2 
(d)
(3, 0, 1).(1, 1, 1)
dir of line will be along the normal of plane
sin =
32  12 . 12  12  12
x 2 y 1 z3
= =
 4  2 2 1
 = sin–1  
 30  Sol.41 Let the DR’s of AB = (a, b, c)
Sol.37 Let a Point ( – 2, 2 + 3, 3 + k)
In y – z plane x = 0   = 2 5a  3b  8c
A (0, 7, 6 + k) cos 45º =
a  b2  c2
2
96
In x – y lane z = 0   = –k/3
k  2k  C
B  3  2, 3  3,0  45°
 

 2k 
 3 = 0
A.B = 0   3 
45°
9 A B
k= (7,2,4)
2
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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 17

48(a2 + b2 + c2) = (5a + 3b + 8c)2 .....(1) Sol.45  (2) (3) + (– 1) (– 2) + (2) (6) = 20 > 0
condition of coplanarity
(2x  y  2z  3)
Bisectors are
7  6 2  10 4  14 (2)2  (1)2  (2)2
a b c =0
5 3 8
(3x  2y  6z  8)
=±
13 12 16 (3)2  (2)2  (6)2
a b c =0 ........(2)
5 3 8 or 7(2x–y+2s+3) = ± 3(3x – 2y + 6z + 8)
Acute angle bisector is
Solve (1) & (2) & get a, b, c
7(2x – y + 2z + 3) = – 3(3x – 2y + 6z + 8)
23x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0
and Obtuse angle bisector is
Sol.42 The equation of any plane through
7(2x – y + 2z + 3) = 3(3x – 2y + 6z + 8)
the intersection of P1 and P2 is
 5x – y – 4z – 3 = 0
P1 + P2 = 0
 A : 23x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0
(2x–y+z–2)+(x+2y–z–3)=0 ...(i)
and O : 5x – y – 4z – 3 = 0
Since, it passes through (3, 2, 1), then
(B) The Give planes can be written as
(6 – 2 + 1 – 2) + (3 + 4 – 1) = 0 – x + 2y – 2z + 3 = 0 and
= – 1
2x – 3y + 6z + 6z + 8 = 0
From Eq. (i),
(– 1) (2) + (2) (– 3) + (– 2) (6)
x – 3y + 2z + 1 = 0
= – 2 – 6 – 12 = – 20 < 0
which is the required plane. Bisectors are,

Sol.43 The equation of any plane ( x  2y  2z  3) (2x  3y  6z  8)


through (–1, 3, 2) is 2 2
(1)  (2)  (2) 2
(2)2  (3)2  (6)2
a(x = 1) + b (y – 3) + c(z – 2) = 0 ...(ii)
If this plane (ii) is perpendicular to P1, then 7 (– x+2y–2z+3)=± 3(2x – 3y + 6z + 8)
2a – b + c = 0 ...(iii) Acuts angle bisector is 7 (– x + 2y – 2z + 8)
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get = 3(2x – 3y + 6z + 8)
13x – 23y + 32z +3 = 0
a b c and obtuse bisector is 7 (– x+2y–2z+3)
 
1 3 5 = – 3(2x – 3y + 6z + 8)
Substituting these proportionate values of x – 5y – 4z – 45 = 0
a, b, c in Eq. (ii), A : 13x – 23y + 32z + 3 = 0
we get the required equation as (C) The given planes can be written as
– (x + 1) + 3(y –3) + 5(z – 2) = 0 2x + y – 2z + 3=0 and – 6x – 2y+2z +8=0
or x – 3y – 5z + 20 = 0 (2) (– 6) + (1) (– 2) + (– 2) (3)=–20<0
(2x  y  2z  3)
Sol.44 The given planes can be written as Bisectors are
– 2x + y – z + 2=0 and – x – 2y + z + 3=0 {(2)2  (1)2  (2)2 }
Here, (– 2)(– 1)+(1)(– 2)+(– 1)(1)=–1<0
Equation of bisectors (6x  2y  3z  8)
=±
(2x  y  z  2) (x  2y  z  3) {(6)2  (2)2  (3)2 }

(4  1  1) 1 4 1 7(2x + y – 2z + 3)=± 3(–6x–2y+ 3z+8)
Acute angle bisector is
Acute angle bisector is
7(2x + y – 2x + 3) = 3(– 6x – 2y + 3z + 8)
(– 2x + y – z + 2) = (– x –2y + z + 3)
32x + 13y – 23z – 3 = 0
x – 3y + 2z + 1 = 0
and obtuse bisector is 7 (2x + y – 2x + 3)
= – 3(– 6x – 2y + 3z + 8)
4x – y + 5z –45 = 0
A : 32x + 13y –23z – 3 = 0
and O : 4x – y + 5z – 45 = 0

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 Page # 18 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.1 Direction ratios of line are x b zd
(a1, b1, c1) = (1, 2, 2) Sol.4 =y=
a c
and direction ratios of a plane are
x  b' z  d'
(a2, b2, c2) = (2, – 1, ) =y=
a1 c1
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2 aa1 + 1 × 1 + cc1 = 0
sin  = aa1 + cc1 = – 1
a12  b12  c12 a22  b22  c22
Sol.5 We know that, the image (x, y, z) of a
1  2  2(1)  2   point (x1, y1, z1) in a plane ax + by + cz +
= d = 0 is given by
12  22  22 22  12  (  )2
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
1 2   
 a b c
 = 5 +  = 4
3 3 5
2(ax1  by1  cz1  d)
=
5 a2  b2  c2
 =
3 Thus, the image of point (–1, 3, 4) in a
plane x – 2y = 0 is given by
Sol.2 The given equations of lines can be x 1 y 3 z 4
rewritten as  
1 2 0
x y z
  2[1  (1)  (2)  3  0  4]
3 2 6 =
1 4
x y z
and   x  1 y  3 z  4 2(7)
2  12  3    
1 2 0 5
Angle between the lines is
= cos–1 14 9
x = –1= ,
  5 5
 3  2  2(12)  6(3) 
 2 2 2 2 2 2  28 13
 3  2  (6) (2)  (12)  (3)  y=
5
+3=–
5
= cos–1 (0) = 90º and z=4
Hence, the image of point (– 1, 3, 4) is
      
Sol.3 r = 2i – 2j  3k + l ( i – j  3k )  9 13 
 5 ,  5 ,4
  
Equation of plane r ·(i  5j  k)
 =5
Line is parrlal to the plane i j k
So point line is (2, – 2, 3) Sol.6 2 3 1
1 3 2
perpendicular distance from (2, – 2, 3) so

ax1  by1cz1  d î (6 – 3) – ĵ (4 – 1) + k̂ (6 – 3)
the plane = 
a2  b2  c2 L  3iˆ  3j ˆ
ˆ  3k

2 – 10  3 – 5 
L 3iˆ  3j ˆ
ˆ  3k
= L̂  
27 |L | 3 3
10 1
= cos  =
3 3 3

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 19

1 1 6
Sol.7  +cos2r = 1 Sol.11 r cos  = 6 cos  =
2 2 7
cos2 r = 0
3
cos r = 90º r cos  = – 3 cos =
7
x 1 y 2 z 3 2
Sol.8 Given,   ...(i) r cos r = 2 cos r =
k 2 3 7
x 2 y 3 z 1 r2 = 36 + 9 + 4
and   ...(ii) r2 = 49
3 k 2
Since, lines intersect at a point. Then r=7
shortest distance between them is zero.
1
k 2 3 Sol.12 cos  =
 3 k 2 =0 2
1 1 2
1
k(–2k – 2) – 2(– 6 – 2) + 3(3 – k) = 0 cos  =
2
 – 2k2 – 5k + 25 = 0
 2k2 + 5k – 25 = 0 1 1
 + cos2r = 1
 2k2 + 10k – 5k – 25 = 0 2 4
 2k(k + 5) – 5(k + 5) = 0
1
5 cos2r =
 k= ,–5 4
2
Hence, integer value of k is – 5 1
cos r =
2
x  3 y  b z 1 r = 30º
Sol.9   –
2 1b a1
In y z place Sol.13 Angle between straight line
    
3 3 r  a  b and plane r .n
ˆd
x – 3 = 2= y–b=– (1 – b)
2 2 
ˆ
b.n
3 17 3 5  sin  = 
= –   | b || ˆ
n|
2 2 2 2
(iˆ  2j ˆ  (iˆ  2j
ˆ  k) ˆ
ˆ  3k)
3
z–1=– (a – 1) b=4  sin  =
2 1  4  2 1  4  9

15 3 3 3 5  3
–  a , =–9  sin  =
2 2 2 2 2
  5  14
a =6
5
Given, cos  =
14
Sol.10 (3i  5j  2k) (i  3j  k)
 =0
3 – 15 – 2 = 0 3
– 12 – 2 = 0  sin  =
14
= 6
x + 3y – 6z +  = 0 3 5  3
 
passes through (2, 1, – 2) 14   5  14 2

2 + 3 + 12 +  = 0
9(2 + 5) = 92 + 30+ 25
 = – 17
92 + 45) = 92 + 30+ 25
 30 = 20
2
 =
3

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 Page # 20 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

Sol.14 Mid-point of AB, is M(1, 3, 5)

Which lies on, x 1 y 3 z  4
   2
2  3  4  3 
2 1 1 4 11
x y 1 z  2
 
1 2 3 x 1 y 3 z  4
   2
1 3 1 5  3 2 1 1
as   1 = 1 = 1 x= 1 – 4, y = 3 + 2, z = 4 – 2
10 2 3 P' (–3, 5 ,2)
Statement II is true. Line is || to the plane
Also, directions of AB is Equation of image line
(1 – 1, 6 – 0, 3 – 7)
x 3 y 5 z 2
is (0, 6 – 4) ...(i)  
And directions of straight line is 3 1 5
Sol.20 B
(1, 2, 3) ...(ii) P(3 + 2, 4 – 1, 12 + 2)
The two lines are perpendicular, if 3 + 2 – 4 + 1 + 12 + 2 = 16
0(1) + 6(2) – 4(3) 11 = 11
= 12 – 12 = 0 =1
Statement 1 is true Point of intersection (5, 3, 14)
Sol.15 (r  ˆ
n)  d Distance = 42  32  122
= 169
1 2 2 ˆ
r   ˆi  ˆj  k 1 = 13
3 3 3 
x – 2y + 2z – 3 = 0 Sol.21 C
Sol.16 2 + 1 = µ + 3µ = – 5 x 3 y2 z4
4 + 1 = µ = = =
2 1 3
2 + 1 = 4 + 1 + 3 3– 1 = 2µ + k ......(1)
11 lx + my – 3 = 9
2+ 1 = 4+ 4 = – 10 + k .......(2)
2
(3, –2, –4) lies on (2)
2= – 3
(3, –2, –4) lies on (2)
3 9 3 – 2m + 4 = 9
= k=
2 2 3 – 2m = 5
.......(3)
1 1 1 4 – 2m = 6
Sol.17 1 1 k = 0 – + –
k 2 1
____________
–=–1
Sol.18 Since as question
3 – 2m = 5
d1  d2
= – 2m = + 2
a2  b2  c2 m=–1
5
8 also 2 – m – 3 = 0
2 7
= 2 – m = 3
9 2
2 + m2 = 2

Sol.22 A
Sol.19 A
x 1 y 3 z  4 A
  (i  j  k̂ )
(1, –5, 9)
3 1 5

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 21

Sol.24 B
x –1 y 5 z–9 
= = = n1  (1, 2,3)
1 1 1
x=+1 y=–5 z=+9 
n2  (2, 1, 1)
Put in plane
ˆi ˆj ˆj
+1–+5++9=5  
 = – 10 n1  n2  1 2 3
 B(–9, –15, –1) 2 1 1

AB = 100  100  100 ˆ

= ˆi(5)  ˆj(7)  k(3) = 5iˆ  7j ˆ
ˆ  3k

= 10 3 eqn of plane
5x + 7y + 3z = 
Sol.23 B
P(1,–2,3) passes through (1, –1, –1)
(2,3,–4) 5–7–3=
=–5

 5x  7y  3z  5  0

A distance of point (1, 3, –7) from plane =

<1,4,5> 5  21  21  5 10

25  49  9 83

Equation AP

x 1 y  2 z  3
  
1 4 5
A:( + 1, 4 – 2, 5 + 3)
A on plane
 2(  + 1) + 3(4 – 2) – 4(5 + 3) + 22
=0
- 6 + 2 – 6 – 12 + 22 = 0
– 6 + 6 = 0
=1
A : ( 2, 2, 8)
Now

PA = 12  42  52 = 42

PQ = 2PA = 2 42

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 Page # 22 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

Sol.1 (i) Let the equation of plane be d=3
ax + by + cz + d = 0 ....(1) x + y + z= 3
(1) passes through (2,1,0),(5,0,1)&(4,2,1) A (3, 0, 0) ; B(0, 3, 0), C (0, 0, 3)
d d 2 3 0 0
 a= ;b=– ;c= d 1 27 9
3 3 3 Volumeof OABC = 0 3 0 = =
 x + y – 2z – 3 = 0 ....(2) 6 6 2
0 0 3
(ii) P (2, 1, 6)
cubic units.
2  1 6
= = =
1 1 2 Sol.4 D
 =  + 2;  =  + 1,  = –2 + 6
P(2, 1, 6) x y z
(a) Let + + = 1 be the variable plane
a b c
so

1
N(, , ) =1
1 1 1
 
a2 b2 c2
a (a, 0, 0) B(a, b, 0) C(0, 0, c)
P' a b c
Point N lie on plane (2) Centroid G of ABC is G  c , 3 , 3 
( + 2) + ( + 1) – 2 (–2 + 6) – 3 = 0  
 = 2
a b c
x= ;y= ,z=
3 3 3
Sol.2 B
x 1 y 1 z 1 1 1 1
= = = ....(1) & 2 + 2 + =1
2 3 4 a b c2

x 3 y k z 1 1 1
= = =H ....(2)  2 + 2 + =9
1 2 1 x y z2
General point on (1) is (2 + 1, 3 – 1, 4 + 1) So k = 9
and on (2) is ( + 3, 2 + k, )
so 2 + 1 =  + 3 (b) Reqd. plane , + 2 = 0
3 – 1 = 2 + k 2x – y + z – 3 +  (3x + y + z – 5) = 0
4 + 1 =  (3 + 2) x + ( – 1) y + (+ 1) z
9 – 5 – 3 = 0 ...(1)
So after solving we get k = Distance of plane (1) from point
2
1
(2, 1, –1) is
  6
Sol.3 Direction of plane = L1 × L 2

6  2    1    1  5  3 1
î ĵ k̂  =
6
= 1 0  1 = î + ĵ + k̂ (3  2)2  (  1)2  (  1)2
1 1 0
 6 ( –1)2 = 112 + 12 + 6
 2y
n = (1, 1, 1)  = 0, –
Equation of plane 5
x + y + z = d passes through (1, 1, 1) The planes are
2x – y + z– 3 = 0
and 62x + 29y + 19z – 109 = 0
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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 23

  
Sol.5 (a) n1 = (2, –2, 1) n = (1, –1, 2)  1 
2 (C) (A) t=  tan1 2i2 
ˆi ˆj ˆ i 1
 k
Normal vector of n = 2 2 1 
 2 
1 1 2 =  tan1 4i2  1  1 
i1
= –3 î – 3 ĵ – 0 k̂


n = (–3, –3, 0) =  [tan1(2i  1)  tan1(2i  1)]
i 1
So plane will be
–3x – 3y = k =[(tan–13–tan–1 1)+(tan–15–tan–13)+.....
passes through (1, –2, 1)  k = 3 ..... + tan–1 (2n+1) – tan–1 (2n–1) .... ]
–3x – 3y = 3 t = tan–1 (2n + 1) – tan–1 1
x +y + 1 = 0 2n
t = nlim tan–1
 1  (2n  1)
1 2 1 4
d= = =2 2
2 2 n
tan t = nlim

=1 (Q)
(b) (A) Solving the two equations n1
(B) We have
| a | 1 | a | 1
x= > 0 and y = >0
a1 a1 
1  tan2 1
when a + 1 > 0 we get a > 1
cos 1 = 2 = a
 a0 = 1 (S) 2 1 bc
1  tan
2
 
(B) a = (, , )  a . k̂ = 
1 bca
    tan2 =
k̂ × ( k̂ × a ) = ( k̂ . a ) k̂ – ( k̂ – k̂ ) a 2 bca

=  k̂ – ( î + ĵ + k̂ ) 
1  tan2 3
Also cos 3 = 2 = c
 î + ĵ = O   = 0,  = 0 
1  tan2 3
ab
 +  +  = 2  = 2 (P) 2

1 1 3 abc
(1  y2 )dy + (y2  1)dy  tan2 =
(C)   2 ab c
0 0
1  2b 2
tan2 + tan2 3 = = (S)
1 2 2 3b 3
=2  (1  y
2
)dy = 4 (C) Line through (0, 1, 0) and  n to plane
3 x + 2y + 2z = 0
0

x0 y 1 z0
1 0 1 is = = =
1 2 2
 1  x dx +  1  x dx = 2
 1  x dx
Let P(, 2 + 1, 2) be the foot of  n on
0 1 0
the straight line then
1 .1 + (2 + 1) 2 + 2(2) = 0
4
=2 x dx = (Q)
 3  k=–
2
0 9
(D) sin A sin B sin C + cos A cos B
 sinA sin B + cosA cosB  2 5  4
P  , , 
 cos (A – B)  9 9 9 
cos (A – B)  1
 cos (A – B) = 1  sin C = 1 4  25  16 5
 n distance = = unit.
81 3

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 Page # 24 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

(R) Which is inconsistent as (A : B)  (A)

 The three planes do not have a common
Sol.6 (a) 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 & 2x + y – 2z = 5 point.
for z= 0 we get x = 3, y = –1  Statement-2 is true.
Direction vector of planes are Since, planes P1, P2, P3 are pairmise
(3, –6, –2) & (2, 1, –2) intersection, then their lines of intersection
then the D.R.'s of line of intersection of are parallel.
plane is (14, 2, 15) Statement-1 is false.
x 3 y 1 z0
= = =
14 2 15 ˆ
ˆi ˆj k
statement-2 is correct. (b) (i) 3 1 2 = – î –7 ĵ +5 k̂
1 2 3
a b c
1
(b) D = b c a = – (a + b + c)  î  7 ĵ  5k̂
c a b 2 Hence unit vector will be =
5 3
[(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
(A) If a + b + c  0 and a2 = ab (ii) Shortest distance
D = 0 and a = b = c (1  2)(1)  (2  2)(7)  C(1  3)5
Equation represents identical planes =
5 3
(B) D = 0  Equation will have infinite
many solution 17
ax + by = (a + b)z =
5 3
bx + cy = (b + c)z
(b2 – ac)y = (b2 – ac)z (iii) Plane is given by
y=z –(x+1) –7(y + 2) + 5(z + 1) = 0
 ax + by + cy = 0 x + 7y – 5z + 10 = 0
 ax = ay  x = y x = y = z
1  7  5  10 13
(C) D0 distance = =
Planes meeting at only one point 75 75
(D) a+b+c=0 Sol.8 (a) A
a2 = ab Any point Q on the line
 a=b=c=0 Q  {(1 – 34), ( – 1), (5 + 2)}

Sol.7 (a) D PQ = {–3 – 2,  –3, 5 – 4}
Given equations are
Now 1 (–3 – 2) – 4( – 3) +3 (5 – 4) = 0
x–y+z=1
x + y – z = –1 1
 =
x – 3y + 3z = 2 4
The system of equations can be put in (b) C
matrix from as
Ax = B 1 1 1
D.C. of the line are , ,
3 3 3
1  1 1   1  Equation of line
   
1 1  1  1  1
1  3 3   2   1 1 
r = (2, –1, 2) +   , , 
 3 3 3
where  is the distance.
1  1 1  x  1 
      R 2  R 2  R1 variable point on lie is
0 2  2 y   2
=  =   1   2   
0  2 2   z   1  R 3  R 3  R1  2  , , 
 3 3 3 
Which lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 9
1  1 1  x   1 
     
0 2  2 y   2  = 3
~  = R 3  R3 + R2
0 0 0   z    1

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THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 25

(C) 3x – y – z = 0 of intersection P  (5, –5, 2) and

y=0
 10  10 8 
–3x + z = 0 and z = 3x Q  , , 
 3 3 3
–3x + 2y + z = 0
PQ2 = d2 = 6
x2 + y2 + z2 = x2 + z2
= 9x2 + x2 10x2  100
x2  10 x = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3 [7] 3
 
(B) tan–1 (x + 3) – tan–1 (x – 3) = sin–1  5 
Sol.9 C
Plane 1 : ax + by + cz = 0  (x  3)  (x  3) 
tan–1  2  = tan–1 3
x y z  1  (x  9)  4
containing line = =
2 3 4
2a + 3b + 4c = 0 ....(i) 6 3
 2 =  x=±4
Plane 2 : a1x + b1y + c1z = 0 is  n to x 8 4
plane containg lines
x y z x y z     
= = and = = 
(C) a =  b + 4 c  m(| b |)2 = – 4 b . c
3 4 2 4 2 3
3a’ + 4b’ + 2c’ = 0     
and 4a’ + 2b’ + 3c’ = 0 and | b |2 + b . c – a . c = 0
a' b' c'    
= = Again as 2| b + c | = | b – a |
12  4 89 6  16
 8a – b – 10c = 0 ....(ii)  
Equation of plane 1 : x – 2y + z = 0 [C] Sol v i ng and el i m i nati ng b . c and

Sol.10 2 + 3m + 4n = 0 eliminating | a |2
3 + 4m + 5n = 0 We get (22 – 10) |b|2 = 0  = 0, 5
 m n
= = 
1 2 1 2 
 sin 9(x / 2)
Equation of plane will be (D) I = 5
  f(x) dx =
2
 sin(x / 2) dx
a (x – 1) + b(y – 2) + c (z – 3) = 0 

–1(x – 1) + 2(y – 2) – 1 (z – 3) = 0

–x + 2y – z = 0 2 sin 9(x / 2)
x –2y + z = 0 =

×2  sin(x / 2)
dx
0
| d|
= 6 |d| = 6 x
6 Let = dx = 2d
2
Sol.11 A  /2
Distance of point P(1, –2, 1) from plane 8 sin 9
x + 2y – 2z = d is 5  = 10 I=

 sin  d
0
x 1 y2 z 1
Equation of PQ = = =t  /2
1 2 2 8 (sin 9  sin 7)
Q  (t + 1, 2t – 2, –2t + 1) I=

 sin 
0
5 5
PQ = 5  t = =  sin 5  sin  
9 3 (sin 7  sin 5)
+ +  
sin   sin  
8 4  7
 Q  , , 
sin d
3 3 3 
+
sin 
Sol.12 (A) Let the line  /2
16
x y z =
a
=
b
=
c
intersect the lines   (cos 9  cos 6  cos 4  cos 2) d

 a + 3b + 5c = 0
 /2
and 3a + b – 5 c = 0 8
 a : b : c :: 5t : –5t : 2t +
  d
on solving with given lines we get points 0

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 Page # 26 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)

/2 x  (2r  2) y  (r  1) z  3r

16  sin 8 sin 6 sin 4 sin 2  8 = = =
=     + []0/2 1 1 1
  8 6 4 2  0 
Q ( + (2r – 2),  – r – 1,  + 3r)
8  lies on x = x + y + z = 3
=0+ × =4 3 + 4r + 3 = 0
 2
Sol.13 A 4  6
=
x2 y3 z5 3
Line     (Let)
1 4 1  2r  7r  3 5r  6 
dso ( + 2, 4 + 3,  + 5) Q 3, 3
,
3 


Line on plane 5x – 4y – z = 1
so equation of image
5 + 10 – 16 – 12 –  – 5 = 1
–12 = 8 3x 3y  3 3z  6
= =
 4 1 13  2 7 5
 = – 2/3 so P  , , 
x y 1 z2
3 3 3  = =
for foot of perpendiuclar of T(2, 1, 4) 2 7 5
( 4 + 2,  + 1) . (1, 4, 1) = 0
 + 16 + 8 +  + 1 = 0 Sol.17 A,D
 = – 9/18   = – 1/2 x 5 y z
= =
So R(3/2, 1, 9/2), distance a = 1/ 2 0 3 2
x y z
Sol.14 A = =
(x + 2y + 3z – 2) + (x – y + z – 3) = 0 0 1 2
(1 + )x + (2 – ) y + ( + 3)z – (2 + 3) = 0 0 3 2
2 0 1 2   = 0
| (1  ) . 3  (2  )1  (  3)  (2  3) |  5 0 0
 =
2 2
(1  )  (2  )  (  3) 2 3 a = 4, 1
2
 32  4  14 = Sol.18 A
3 Any point on L1 ( 2 + 1, –,  – 3)
| 2 | Any point on L2 ( + 4,  – 3, 2 – 3)
2
 = so  = 1 &  = 2
2 3
3  4  14 so intersection point is (5, –2, –1)
2
= 3 + 4 + 14
 = –7/2 î ĵ k̂
(x + 2y + 3z – z) – 7/2 (x – y + z – 3) = 0 7 1 2
perpendicular to both P1 & P2 3 5 6
–5x + 11y – z + 17 = 0
5x – 11y + z = 17
= 16 î  48 ĵ  32k̂ , so equation of plane
Sol.15 B, C
–16 (x – 5) + 48 (y + 2) + 32 (7 + 1) = 0
2 0 0 x – 3y – 2z = 13
a=1
2 k 2 0  k= 2
b = –3
5 2 k c = –2
use the value of k for finding the equation d = 13
of planes Sol.19 C
y = x, z = 1
Sol.16 D y = – x, z = – 1
P
x y z –1
(2r–2,–r–1), 3r = = =
1 1 0
Q(, , 1)

x+y+z=3
x y z 1
Q = = =
–1 1 0
Equation of PQ R (–, , –1)

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 27

  (B) & (C)

   ˆ
QP · PR = 1 ( – )i  ( – )j  (  1)k  2x = 8  x = 4
(A) & (B)
(  )i  ( – )j  (  1)k
ˆ = 0 – 2z = 7
 
7
( – )( + ) + ( – )( – ) + 2 – 1 = 0 z=–
2
2 +  –  –  + 2 –  –  +  + 2 –
(A) & (C)
1=0 2y = 9
32 – 2 – 1 = 0 ...(i) y = 9/2

PQ · (i  j) = 0  2x + y + z

–+–=0 9 7
8+ 
= ...(ii) 2 2
   2
and PR · (–i  j) = 0 8+ 9
2
– ( + ) +  –  = 0
=0 ...(iii)
from (i) (ii) and (iii)
(i)  32 – 22 – 1 = 0  2 = 1   = ±
1
But at  = 1
PQ
So answer is (C)

Sol.20 A, B

ˆi ˆj ˆ
k
n̂  1 2 1
2 1 1
ˆ 5)
 ˆi(2  1)  ˆj(1  2)  k(

 ˆi  3j ˆ
ˆ  5k

x y z
 
1 3 5
x y z
 then equation of line  
1 2 1
(, 2, –)
 + 4 +  + 1 = 0
 = – 1/6
x  1/6 y  2/6 z 1/6
= = A,B, only
1 3 5
good

Sol.21 9
   
s  4p  3q  5r ...(1)
         
s  x(p  q  r)  y(p  q  r) + z(p  q  r)
  
= (– x + y – z) p + (x – y – z) q + (x+y+z) r
....(2)
comparing (1) & (2)
–x+y–z=4 ...(A)
x–y–z=3 ...(B)
x+y+z=5 ...(C)
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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 29

EXERCISE - I
JEE Main
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A
8. D 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. A 22. C
23 A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C
30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. A
37. A 38. D 39. B 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. D
44. C 45. B
EXERCISE - II
JEE Advance
(Level - I) Single correct Option - type Questions
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B
8. C 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. B
(Level - II) Multiple correct Option - type Questions
1. B,D 2. C 3. B,C 4. B,D 5. A,B 6. B,C 7. A,B
8. A,B 9. A,D 10. A,B,C,D 11. A,B,C

EXERCISE - III
Subjective - type Questions

2. (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) 3. (a/2, b/2, c/2) 4. (2/3, –2/3, –1/3) 5. 60°

x 1 y 1 z 1 x y z x y z
6.   7. 2 – 2 3 8.   or  
11 9  15 1 2 1 1 1  2

x 1 y  2 z  3 x 2 y 1 z 3 1 1 1 1
9.   10.   11. (1, 2, 2) 12. 2 = 2 + 2 +
6 13 17 1 2 1 d a b c2

80 x y z
13. 26 14. = –1, 15. = = 16. x  y  2 z  1  0 17. /2 18. (1, –2,
63 1 1 2
–4)

19  13 
19. 7x + 13y + 4z – 9 = 0 20. 21.  0, ,2  22. 11x – y – 3z = 35
2  5 

x  4 y 1 z 7
23.   24. 2x + y = 0 & x – y + z = 0 26. x + y + z = 0
9 1 3

x 1 y  2 z  3 17 x4 y  14 z4
27. (a, b, c) 28.   29. 30. = =
2 2 3 2 3 10 4

 16 1  17  x  7 y  2 z 1
31. 2x + 3y + z + 4 = 0 32.  , , , x+ y+ z = 0 33.  
 7 7 7  22 5 4

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 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D) Page # 29

x  4 y 1 z 7 –1
4 9
34.   35. x – 2y + 2z = 1 36. sin 37.
9 1 3 30 2

1 –1
3 –1
1
38. 39.  = cos and  = cos
2 14 5

3 2x 2 y z  3  x  2 y 1 z  3
40. (a) , (b)   = 1, (c)  0, ,0  , (d)  
2 3 3 3  2  11  10 2
Comprehension - based Questions
42. B 43. C 44. A

Matrix Match - type Questions

45. (A)–R; (B)–Q,T; (C)–P,S

EXERCISE - IV
Previous Year’s Question
JEE Main
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C
8. C 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. D
15. D 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. B
22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. A
29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B

JEE Advanced

1. (i) x + y – 2z = 3 ; (ii) (6, 5, –2) 2. B 3. 9/2 cubic units

4. (a) D ; (b) 2x – y + z – 3 = 0 and 62x + 29y + 19z – 105 = 0

5. (a) D ; (b) (A)–S, (B)–P, (C)–Q, R, (D)–S ; (c) (A)–Q, (B)–S, (C)–R
6. (a) D ; (b) (A)–R ; (B)–Q ; (C)–P ; (D)–S 7. (a) D ; (b) (i) B ; (ii) D ; (iii) C
8. (a) A ; (b) C ; (c) 7 9. C 10. 6 11. A
12. (A)–T; (B)–P,R; (C)–Q; (D)–R 13. A 14. A 15. B,C 16. D
17. A,D 18. A 19. C 20. A,B 21. 9

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