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    Beats: Doing Physics With Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Martín Figueroa
    This document discusses using MATLAB to simulate and analyze beats, which occur when two sounds with slightly different frequencies are played together. It includes: 1) A MATLAB script ("beats.m") that allows the user to input the second frequency and displays a graphical output of the beat pattern and allows playing the sound. 2) Another script ("beats_Calculations.m") that graphically outputs the interference pattern of two superposed sinusoidal waves. 3) A third script ("wav_SoundRecording.m") that demonstrates how to generate and save a sound signal to a wav file in MATLAB.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Beats: Doing Physics With Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Martín Figueroa
    66 views5 pages
    This document discusses using MATLAB to simulate and analyze beats, which occur when two sounds with slightly different frequencies are played together. It includes: 1) A MATLAB script ("beats.m") that allows the user to input the second frequency and displays a graphical output of the beat pattern and allows playing the sound. 2) Another script ("beats_Calculations.m") that graphically outputs the interference pattern of two superposed sinusoidal waves. 3) A third script ("wav_SoundRecording.m") that demonstrates how to generate and save a sound signal to a wav file in MATLAB.

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    Waves

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    wm_beats

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    This document discusses using MATLAB to simulate and analyze beats, which occur when two sounds with slightly different frequencies are played together. It includes: 1) A MATLAB script ("beats.m") that allows the user to input the second frequency and displays a graphical output of the beat pattern and allows playing the sound. 2) Another script ("beats_Calculations.m") that graphically outputs the interference pattern of two superposed sinusoidal waves. 3) A third script ("wav_SoundRecording.m") that demonstrates how to generate and save a sound signal to a wav file in MATLAB.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views5 pages

    Beats: Doing Physics With Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Martín Figueroa
    This document discusses using MATLAB to simulate and analyze beats, which occur when two sounds with slightly different frequencies are played together. It includes: 1) A MATLAB script ("beats.m") that allows the user to input the second frequency and displays a graphical output of the beat pattern and allows playing the sound. 2) Another script ("beats_Calculations.m") that graphically outputs the interference pattern of two superposed sinusoidal waves. 3) A third script ("wav_SoundRecording.m") that demonstrates how to generate and save a sound signal to a wav file in MATLAB.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB

    BEATS

    Ian Cooper
    School of Physics, University of Sydney
    [email protected]

    MATLAB SCRIPTS (download files)

    beats.m
    The Matlab script is for a simulation of beats. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) is used to input
    the second frequency f2 while the first frequency f1 is fixed at 1000 Hz. A graphical output is
    displayed showing the beat pattern and a sound can be played so that you can hear the beats
    (figure 1).

    beats.Calculations.m
    Graphical output of the beat pattern for two superposed sinusoidal signals (figure 2).

    wav_SoundRecordings.m
    How a sound can be generated in Matlab and the sound signal saved as a wav file.

    Notes on BEATS

    Doing Physics with Matlab Waves wm_beats 1


    BEATS

    Beats are heard when two sounds with slightly different frequencies f1 and f2 are sounded
    together. It is due to the interference between the two waves. Suppose that at a certain position
    the two waves are given by

    (1) y1 (t )  A sin  2  f1 t  and y2 (t )  A sin  2  f 2 t 

    The resultant wave can be expressed as

      f  f2     f1  f 2  
    (2) y ( y )  y1 (t )  y 2 (t )  2 A sin  2   1  t  cos  2   t 
      2     2  

    The cosine term varies with the average frequency of (f1 + f2)/2. The factor in front of the cosine
    term gives the envelope (or amplitude factor) which varies slowly with a frequency of |f1 - f2|/2.
    The ear responds to the intensity of the wave which varies as the square of the amplitude factor
    and goes through two maxima or minima per cycle, giving a beat frequency of

    (3) f beat  f1  f 2

    Doing Physics with Matlab Waves wm_beats 2


    Sample Results beats.m

    The resultant wave for frequencies f1 = 1000 Hz and f2 = 1100 Hz are displayed in figure 1. A
    beat frequency of 100 Hz can be heard when the SOUND button is pressed.

    Fig. 1. A screen dump of for the GUI interface and the plot showing the
    interference of the two waves that produce the beat pattern. The beat frequency is
    100 Hz and the beat period is 0.01 s. beats.m

    Investigations and Questions

    Inspect and run the m-script beats.m so that you are familiar with what the program and the code
    does. For a range of input parameters, view the plots and listen to the sounds. How does a plot
    relate to the sound?

    1 Start with the two frequencies set at 1000 Hz. Increase the input frequency above 1000 Hz.
    Decrease the input frequency to values less than 1000 Hz. Observe the changes in the plots
    and the sounds.

    2 Set the input frequency to f2 = 1100 Hz. Use the Data Cursor to measure the period of the
    rapid fluctuations and the period of the envelope. From the period measurements, calculate
    the frequencies of the rapidly varying fluctuations, the envelope and the beats. How well do
    your results agree with the theoretical results?

    Doing Physics with Matlab Waves wm_beats 3


    Fig. 2. Graphical output of the beat pattern for two superposed sinusoidal signals.
    beats_Calculations.m

    Doing Physics with Matlab Waves wm_beats 4


    SOUNDS IN MATLAB
    The mscript wav_SoundRecording.m can be used to generate a sound and save to disk the
    sound signal as a wav file.

    % wav_SoundRecording.m
    % Generate and save sound files for two frequency inputs

    % Ian Cooper
    % School of Physics, University of Sydney
    % email: [email protected]
    % http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/mp/mphome.htm
    % 170511
    % Ignore Warning about clipping

    clear all
    close all
    clc

    % Frequency inputs
    f1 = 3000;
    f2 = 3003;

    % Calculate Waveform
    fs = 22050; % sample frequency (Hz)
    d = 4.0; % duration (s)
    n = fs * d; % number of samples
    t = (1:n) / fs; % sound data preparation
    % s = sin(2 * pi * f1 * s); % pure tone
    s = sin(2 * pi * f1 * t)+ sin(2 * pi * f2 * t);
    s = s./max(s);

    sound(s, fs); % Generate sound


    pause(d + 0.5); % waiting for sound end

    % Save wav file to disk


    filename = 'wav_S3000-3003.wav';
    audiowrite(filename,s,fs);

    BEATS: listen to the sounds

    Sample sound files for beats can be heard at

    http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/hsp/sp/mod31/m31_sounds.htm

    Doing Physics with Matlab Waves wm_beats 5

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