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    2ND Law

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    Hanilen Catama
    The second law of thermodynamics places constraints on heat transfer and the efficiency of heat engines. It goes beyond the first law by accounting for entropy, which is a measure of disorder and unavailable energy in a system. Entropy always increases or stays the same in any cyclic process. Applications of the second law include internal combustion engines, which use heat from combustion to power motion but also emit excess heat, as well as refrigerators and heat pumps, which transfer heat from low to high temperature areas but require external energy to do so.

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    2ND Law

    Uploaded by

    Hanilen Catama
    20 views1 page
    The second law of thermodynamics places constraints on heat transfer and the efficiency of heat engines. It goes beyond the first law by accounting for entropy, which is a measure of disorder and unavailable energy in a system. Entropy always increases or stays the same in any cyclic process. Applications of the second law include internal combustion engines, which use heat from combustion to power motion but also emit excess heat, as well as refrigerators and heat pumps, which transfer heat from low to high temperature areas but require external energy to do so.

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    The second law of thermodynamics places constraints on heat transfer and the efficiency of heat engines. It goes beyond the first law by accounting for entropy, which is a measure of disorder and unavailable energy in a system. Entropy always increases or stays the same in any cyclic process. Applications of the second law include internal combustion engines, which use heat from combustion to power motion but also emit excess heat, as well as refrigerators and heat pumps, which transfer heat from low to high temperature areas but require external energy to do so.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views1 page

    2ND Law

    Uploaded by

    Hanilen Catama
    The second law of thermodynamics places constraints on heat transfer and the efficiency of heat engines. It goes beyond the first law by accounting for entropy, which is a measure of disorder and unavailable energy in a system. Entropy always increases or stays the same in any cyclic process. Applications of the second law include internal combustion engines, which use heat from combustion to power motion but also emit excess heat, as well as refrigerators and heat pumps, which transfer heat from low to high temperature areas but require external energy to do so.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Hanilen G.

    Catama March 23, 2018


    BSECE 4 BME

    Second Law of Thermodynamics

    The second law of thermodynamics is a general principle which places constraints upon the direction of heat
    transfer and the attainable efficiencies of heat engines. In so doing, it goes beyond the limitations imposed by the first law
    of thermodynamics. Its implications may be visualized in terms of the waterfall analogy.

    Second Law: Entropy

    Second Law of Thermodynamics: In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same.
    a state variable whose change is defined for a reversible process at T where Q is the heat
    Entropy:
    absorbed.
    Entropy: a measure of the amount of energy which is unavailable to do work.
    Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system.

    Entropy: a measure of the multiplicity of a system.

    Since entropy gives information about the evolution of an isolated system with time, it is said to give us the
    direction of "time's arrow" . If snapshots of a system at two different times shows one state which is more disordered, then
    it could be implied that this state came later in time. For an isolated system, the natural course of events takes the system
    to a more disordered (higher entropy) state.

    Applications

    The concept of the second law of thermodynamics applied to heat engine is equally applicable on the internal
    combustion engines used in our cars, motorcycles, ships, airplanes, etc. In the internal combustion engines, the heat is
    generated by combustion of fuel inside the engine. The combustion of fuel takes place due to generation of the spark as in
    case of the gasoline engines or due to compression of the fuel as in case of the diesel engines.

    Some part of the heat generated inside the engine is used to perform the work moving piston inside the engine
    cylinder. The piston is connected to the crankshaft via connecting rod. The reciprocating motion of the piston is converted
    into the rotary motion of the crankshaft, which is converted to the rotary motion of the wheels via gear box. The
    remaining part of the heat generated inside the engine is released to the atmosphere as the exhaust gases or tailpipe
    emissions. In this case the engine where heat is generated is called as source, whereas the atmosphere where heat is
    released is called as sink.

    In our refrigerator, the freezer is maintained at low temperature by removing the heat from it and throwing it to
    the atmosphere which is at higher temperature. This does not happen automatically, we have to supply electricity which is
    used to run the compressor of the refrigerator.

    The same principle is applied to the air-conditioner and heat pump also. The air-conditioner helps to keep the
    room cool when outside temperature is very high by removing heat from the room maintained at low temperature. The
    heat pump is used to keep the room hot when outside temperature is very low by absorbing the heat from atmosphere and
    supplying to the room.

    http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/seclaw.html
    https://www.brighthubengineering.com/thermodynamics/4352-applications-of-second-law-of-thermodynamics-with-refrigerators/
    https://www.brighthubengineering.com/thermodynamics/4349-applications-of-second-law-of-thermodynamics-with-automobile-engines/
    http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/sm1/lectures/node45.html

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