Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Practice Essentials
Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when the amount of gastric juice that
refluxes into the esophagus exceeds the normal limit, causing symptoms with
or without associated esophageal mucosal injury (ie, esophagitis; see the
image below).

Peptic esophagitis.

Signs and symptoms


Typical esophageal symptoms include the following:
 Heartburn
 Regurgitation
 Dysphagia
Abnormal reflux can cause atypical (extraesophageal) symptoms, such as the
following:
 Coughing and/or wheezing
 Hoarseness, sore throat
 Otitis media
 Noncardiac chest pain
 Enamel erosion or other dental manifestations
A history of nausea, vomiting, or regurgitation should alert the physician to
evaluate for delayed gastric emptying.

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