Claude Monet John Constable: Impressionism

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IMPRESSIONISM

Impressionism developed in France in the nineteenth century and is based on


the practice of painting out of doors and spontaneously ‘on the spot’ rather
than in a studio from sketches. Main impressionist subjects were landscapes
and scenes of everyday life

Impressionism was developed by Claude Monet and other Paris-based artists


from the early 1860s. (Though the process of painting on the spot can be said
to have been pioneered in Britain by John Constable in around 1813–17
through his desire to paint nature in a realistic way).

Instead of painting in a studio, the impressionists found that they could


capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by working quickly, in
front of their subjects, in the open air (en plein air) rather than in a studio. This
resulted in a greater awareness of light and colour and the shifting pattern of
the natural scene. Brushwork became rapid and broken into separate dabs in
order to render the fleeting quality of light.

The first group exhibition was in Paris in 1874 and included work
by Monet, Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas and Paul Cezanne. The work shown
was greeted with derision with Monet’s Impression, Sunrise particularly
singled out for ridicule and giving its name (used by critics as an insult) to the
movement. Seven further exhibitions were then held at intervals until 1886.

Other core artists of impressionism were Camille Pissarro and Berthe


Morisot with Edgar Degas and Edouard Manet also often associated with the
movement.

Although originating in France, impressionism had great influence overseas.


Core British impressionists included Walter Richard Sickert and Wilson Steer.

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