Language Review

I. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. What time (set) does the sun set in December?
2. When I (turn off) turned off the water, the phone (start) started to ring.
3. As soon as we (decide) decided to sell our house, Jim (find) found a good job here.
4. A lot of children (be born) have been born in the new hospital since they (open)
opened it.
5. It's only November, and Sid (read) has read his whole history book already.
6. Have you ever cooked (ever / you / cook) Kasha?
7. Paul (not call) hasn’t called since he (start) started his new job. .
8. She (study) has been studying English for many years, and she plans to continue.
9. For more than 100 years, tourists (come) have been coming to Yellowstone. It's one
of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States.
10. In the nineteenth century, when people first (hear) heard about Yellowstone, they
(be) were amazed.
11. Look at Craig. He (take) has been taking pictures for hours.
12. Steve (learn) has leaned to ride a bike by the time he was five years old. He was a
fast learner.
13. Bernadette (not tell) had not told me about the weather in Minneapolis. I arrived
unprepared for the cold.
14. We (wait) had been waiting long before they arrived. They were only five minutes
late.
15. By the time I (find) found my keys, I had been searching for them for days.
16. Tom's in his third year of college. By the time he and Lisa (get) get married next
month, he (not graduate) will not have graduated yet.
17. Lisa has been saving $50 a month since January. She (save) will have saved $600
by the time she (do) does her holiday shopping in December.
18. Tom's driving to Washington for a job interview. He's going to leave New York City at
5:00 A.M. By the time he (arrive) arrives in Washington, he (drive) will have driven /
will have been driving for five hours without a break.
19. By the year 2010, I (work) will have worked / will have been working at Spratt's for
five years.
20. Tom's sending Lisa a postcard from Washington. She (not receive) will not have
received it by the time he (get back) gets back to New York City.

II. Complete the following with a tag question.

1. The wind blew some of the trees down last night, didn’t it?
2. She'll be taking a music lesson tonight, won’t she?
3. Let's go to the show, shall we?
4. The couple are looking for an apartment, aren’t they?
III.Change the following sentences either to the direct or indirect speech.

1. “Sarkis is working on his research paper.”

Sarkis informed us that he was working on his research paper.

2. “The men were fishing when their boat capsized.”

She observed that the men had been fishing when their boat had capsized.

3. “Where did Joe store the containers?”

He told her where Joe had stored the containers.

4. “What time is it?”

He asked me what time it was.

5. Last month a few students asked me if I liked teaching.

Last month a few students asked me, “Do you like teaching?”

6. Joe wondered how long she had been married.

Joe wondered, “How long has she been married?”

7. The reporter wanted to know when the politician would declare his candidacy.
The reporter asked, “When will the politician declare his candidacy?”

8. Margaret indicated that Cindy might help us.

Margaret said, “Cindy may help you / us.”

IV. Change the following sentences to the active or passive voice.

1. As soon as the ambulance arrived, the attendants drove the wounded man to
the hospital.
As soon as the ambulance arrived, the wounded man was driven to the
hospital.

2. They can't install the washing machine until the tenant moves in.
The washing machine can’t be installed until the tenant moves in.

3. A demolition team was tearing down an old building as we drove by.

An old building was being torn down by a demolition team as we drove by.

4. The new textbook will be published next May.

They will publish the new textbook next May.
5. The foreign heads of state have just been welcomed by the mayor of the city.
The mayor of the city has just welcomed the foreign heads of state.

6. The cooperation of the students is needed in order to have a successful

program.
We need the cooperation of the students in order to have a successful
program.

7. Hasn't the performance of our national team struck you with amazement?
Haven’t you been struck with amazement by the performance of our
national team?

8. Many people believe that one day people will destroy the earth by a nuclear
war.
It is believed that the earth will be destroyed by a nuclear war.

9. They were to have prepared the play yesterday, but the director assisting the
actors had given them a day off.
The play was to have been prepared yesterday, but the actors assisted by
the director had been given a day off.

10. They would undoubtedly have sent him to prison if they had found him guilty.
He would undoubtedly have been sent to prison if he had been found
guilty.

11. They gave the oldest minister the freedom of speech.

The oldest minister was given the freedom of speech.

12. What is a patient given before an operation?

What do you give a patient before an operation?

13. A speech to the nation was to have been made by the Prime Minister, but it
had to be cancelled at the last minute because of a cabinet crisis.
The Prime Minister was to have made a speech to the nation, but he had to
cancel it at the last minute because of a cabinet crisis.
V. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb tense.
1. The sky is so red, it looks as if it (be) were on fire.
2. If we (repair not) had not repaired the roof last summer, the living room (be) would be
wet.
3. Were the walls removed, the room (be) would be larger
4. Had he completed school, he (not have) would not have had to take extra courses.
5. The party will be outdoors, if it (not rain) does not rain.

VI. Change the following sentences into the conditional or subjunctive form.
1. Maig didn't record the data. She couldn't write a fine report.
If Maig had recorded the data, she could have written a fine report.

2. She was at the party last night, so she met Paul.

If she hadn’t been at the party last night, she wouldn’t have met Paul.

3. George is not at the meeting. He didn't make his speech.

If George were at the meeting, he would have made his speech.

4. Lee did not take a trip abroad before starting college.

Lee wishes she had taken a trip abroad before starting college.

5. Tom does not have a new car.

Tom wishes he had a new car.

6. Mary isn't free now, so she doesn't get a job as a social director.
If Mary were free now, she would get a job as a social director.

7. They didn't arrive at the meeting because the road was blocked.
If the road hadn’t been blocked, they would have arrived at the meeting.

8. Bill is in the hospital now because he had a severe accident.

If Bill hadn’t had a severe accident, he wouldn’t be in the hospital.

9. Lu wants us to write a business letter.

Lu suggested we write a business letter.

10. Clara wants David to meet her fiancé.

Clara insists that David meet her fiancé.

11. Lisa wants Richard to go with her to the movies.

Lisa suggests that Richard go with her to the movies.

VII. Rewrite the following sentences after correcting the mistakes.

1. The weather in California is warmer than the one in New York.
The weather in California is warmer than that in New York.
2. This is the book that I read the story of George Washington.
This is the book in which I read the story of George Washington.

3. The tourist, who's luggage contained gold coins, was detained.

The tourist, whose luggage contained gold coins, was detained.

4. Announced as the winner of the scholarship, everybody congratulated Dimitri.

Because Dimitri was announced as the winner of the scholarship,
everybody congratulated him. OR Announced as the winner of the

scholarship, Dimitri was congratulated by everybody.

5. After working all day, the painting was finally finished.

After working all day, the artist finally finished the painting.

6. An instruction handbook is available to the consumers from the manufacturer.

An instruction handbook from the manufacturer is available to the
consumers.

7. Customers were disappointed who had patronized the store for several years
when it went out of business.
Customers who had patronized the store for several years were
disappointed when it went out of business.

8. A large percentage of goods sold in the United States are foreign.

A large percentage of goods sold in the United States is foreign.

9. The Randall's daughter, as well as her friend, were at the concert last night.
The Randall's daughter, as well as her friend, was at the concert last night.

10. Neither Mrs. Carter nor her daughters-in-law is working at the present time.
Neither Mrs. Carter nor her daughters-in-law are working at the present time.

11. The principal of the school, in addition to the faculty members, gave their views
on how to increase reading scores.
The principal of the school, in addition to the faculty members, gave his/her
views on how to increase reading scores.

12. We were told that neither the officers of the club nor the president would read
 their recommendations at tonight's meeting.
We were told that neither the officers of the club nor the president would
read his recommendations at tonight's meeting.

13. I didn't think the movie was very good, there were many inconsistencies.
I didn't think the movie was very good. There were many inconsistencies.

14. Mrs. Stone's occupation is teaching computer science spoke about the
commercial aspects of computers.
Mrs. Stone, whose occupation is teaching computer science, spoke about
the commercial aspects of computers.

VIII. Use the correct preposition.

1. She lives at 311 5th street.
2. Some of his classes are at night.
3. He insisted on giving his speech.
4. They approved of applying this system
5. This method is different from the other one.
6. The witness seemed afraid of describing what he had seen.
7. The course will begin on January 16.
8. The nurse could easily sympathize, having had back pain herself, with her patient.
9. He apologized to them for taking up their time.
10. One can always depend on their being helpful.

IX. Combine the following sentences as indicated in parentheses.

1. My grandfather was an immigrant. My grandfather brought with him photographs

that are now treasured souvenirs. (appositive phrase)
My grandfather, an immigrant, brought with him photographs that are now
treasured souvenirs.
2. The gondola took Picard ten miles into the air. The gondola was attached to a
balloon. (participial phrase)
Attached to a balloon, the gondola took Picard ten miles into the air.

3. August Picard was a Swiss physicist who studied the upper atmosphere. He
studied it by going up in balloons. (gerund Phrase)
August Picard was a Swiss physicist who studies the upper atmosphere
by going up in balloons.

4. Sharks live mostly in warm seas. Some sharks have been found in bodies of cold
water. (adverb clause)
Although sharks live mostly in warm seas, some have been found in
bodies of cold water.
 5. The whale shark is harmless to people. It feeds on plankton. (adjective clause)
The whale shark, which feeds on plankton, is harmless to people.

6. Dracula is such a frightening character. This doesn't help the bats' reputation.
(noun clause)
That Dracula is such a frightening character doesn’t help the bats’
reputation.

7. Mrs. Dale will prepare dinner for her guests. She promised she would do that.
(infinitive phrase)
Mrs. Dale promised to prepare dinner for her guests.

8. Ron read about child abuse. This made him realize the importance of children's
right. (gerund phrase)
Reading about child abuse made Ron realize the importance of children’s
right.

X. Each of the following sentences contains one grammatical error. Identify the error
and correct it.

1. James Griffin, like many of the worlds greater men, sacrificed their life for the
sake of free.
James Griffin, like most of the world’s greatest men, sacrificed his life for
the sake of freedom. [This is the only sentence that contains more than one error!]

2. To help the community, a new asylum was established.

To help the community, a group of doctors established a new asylum.

3. Realizing that the patient was dangerous, he was moved to a more secure
region.
As soon as the doctor realized that the patient was dangerous, the latter
was moved to a more secure region. OR Realizing that the patient was
dangerous, the doctors moved him to a more secure region.

4. The teacher speaks slowly but she is fluent.

The teacher speaks slowly but fluently.
5. In the middle of the flood, he felt scared and with no hope.
In the middle of the flood, he felt scared and hopeless.
6. We had a neighbor that her son played soccer professionally.
We had a neighbor whose son played soccer professionally.

7. Having eaten several spicy tacos, my stomach began an Indian war dance.
Having eaten several spicy tacos, I felt my stomach beginning an Indian
war dance.
 8. The plane has just left when Paul arrived at the airport.
The plane had just left when Paul arrived at the airport.
9. If it weren’t for Marie’s indecision and being insecure, she could accomplish
great things in the business world.
If it weren’t for Marie’s indecision and insecurity, she could accomplish
great things in the business world.
10. Peter is colorblind therefore his clothes are sometimes mismatched.
Peter is colorblind; therefore, his clothes are sometimes mismatched.
11. I wish I didn’t forget to book yesterday.
I wish I hadn’t forgotten to book yesterday.

XI. Rewrite the following sentences beginning as indicated.

1. Cactuses can thrive with little water. They are plants of dry regions.
Cactuses, plants of dry regions, can thrive with little water.

2. “What’s the problem this time?”

Mrs. White asked what the problem was that time.

3. Mary asked Tom which shift he worked.

Mary asked Tom, “Which shift do you work?”

4. Bill was driving over the speed limit, so the police officer gave him a ticket.
If Bill hadn’t been driving over the speed limit, the police officer wouldn’t

have given a ticket.

5. He’s not a mechanic, so he can’t fix the truck.

If he were a mechanic, he could fix the truck.

6. Alice hopes she’ll save up enough money to buy a car next summer.
Alice wishes she would save up enough money to buy a car next summer.

7. The locals regard him as the richest in town.

He is regarded by the locals as the richest in town.

8. UNICEF is offering the refugees the necessary supplies.

The refugees are being offered the necessary supplies by UNICEF.
 9. The judge was urged to be merciful.
The jury urged the judge to be merciful.

10. The car experts should have tested the cars before they permitted people to
drive them.
The cars should have been tested before

people were permitted to drive them.

11. Many people believe that one day people will destroy the earth by a nuclear
war.
Many people believe that the earth will be destroyed one day by a

nuclear war.

12. The police detectives may not have recognized the criminal because of a
disguise.
The criminal may not have been recognized by the police

because of a disguise.

13. The secretary feels that the manager should give her a raise in pay.
The secretary feels that she should be given a raise in pay.

14. His mother asked him, “Where is your school bag?”

His mother asked him where his school bag was.

15. “Why don’t you eat meat?” said the stewardess on the plane.
The stewardess on the plane asked the passenger why he/she didn’t eat

meat.

16. Nizar failed the final exam. He definitely was nervous and that’s why he failed.
If Nizar hadn’t been nervous, he wouldn’t have failed the final exam.

17. The plane arrived on time in spite of the bad weather.

 Although the weather was bad, the plane arrived on time.

18. The teacher asked me, “What do you mean by this?”

The teacher wanted to know what you / I meant by that.

19. All countries respect the rights of others. War will disappear.
If all countries respected the rights of others, war would disappear.

20. The government has already repaired the main power plant.
The main power plant has already been repaired (by the

government).