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    Ubunturef PDF

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    This document provides an overview of common commands and configuration files for managing privileges, networking, displays, packages, applications, and the system in the Ubuntu operating system. Key commands include sudo to run commands as root, ifconfig and iwconfig for network information, apt-get for package management, and nautilus/dolphin for file management. Configuration files such as /etc/network/interfaces allow manual network configuration and /etc/X11/xorg.conf controls display settings.

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    Ubunturef PDF

    Uploaded by

    james
    89 views1 page
    This document provides an overview of common commands and configuration files for managing privileges, networking, displays, packages, applications, and the system in the Ubuntu operating system. Key commands include sudo to run commands as root, ifconfig and iwconfig for network information, apt-get for package management, and nautilus/dolphin for file management. Configuration files such as /etc/network/interfaces allow manual network configuration and /etc/X11/xorg.conf controls display settings.

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    This document provides an overview of common commands and configuration files for managing privileges, networking, displays, packages, applications, and the system in the Ubuntu operating system. Key commands include sudo to run commands as root, ifconfig and iwconfig for network information, apt-get for package management, and nautilus/dolphin for file management. Configuration files such as /etc/network/interfaces allow manual network configuration and /etc/X11/xorg.conf controls display settings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views1 page

    Ubunturef PDF

    Uploaded by

    james
    This document provides an overview of common commands and configuration files for managing privileges, networking, displays, packages, applications, and the system in the Ubuntu operating system. Key commands include sudo to run commands as root, ifconfig and iwconfig for network information, apt-get for package management, and nautilus/dolphin for file management. Configuration files such as /etc/network/interfaces allow manual network configuration and /etc/X11/xorg.conf controls display settings.

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    of 1

    Ubuntu Reference

    Privileges Network
    sudo command – run command as root ifconfig – show network information
    sudo -s – open a root shell iwconfig – show wireless information
    sudo -s -u user – open a shell as user sudo iwlist scan – scan for wireless networks
    sudo -k – forget sudo passwords sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset
    gksudo command – visual sudo dialog (GNOME) network for manual configurations
    kdesudo command – visual sudo dialog (KDE) (file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual
    sudo visudo – edit /etc/sudoers configuration
    gksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME) ifup interface – bring interface online
    kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE) ifdown interface – disable interface
    passwd – change your password
    Special Packages
    Display ubuntu-desktop – standard Ubuntu environment
    sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – restart X and kubuntu-desktop – KDE desktop
    return to login (GNOME) xubuntu-desktop – XFCE desktop
    sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – restart X and ubuntu-minimal – core Ubuntu utilities
    return to login (KDE) ubuntu-standard – standard Ubuntu utilities
    (file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – display ubuntu-restricted-extras – non-free, but useful
    configuration kubuntu-restricted-extras – KDE of the above
    sudo dexconf – reset xorg.conf configuration xubuntu-restricted-extras – XFCE of the above
    Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – restart X display if frozen build-essential – packages used to compile
    Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N programs
    Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel
    image
    System Services¹ linux-headers-generic – latest build headers
    start service – start job service (Upstart)
    stop service – stop job service (Upstart) Firewall¹
    status service – check if service is running ufw enable – turn on the firewall
    (Upstart) ufw disable – turn off the firewall
    /etc/init.d/service start – start service ufw default allow – allow all connections by
    (SysV) default
    /etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV) ufw default deny – drop all connections by
    /etc/init.d/service status – check service default
    (SysV) ufw status – current status and rules
    /etc/init.d/service restart – restart service ufw allow port – allow traffic on port
    (SysV) ufw deny port – block port
    runlevel – get current runlevel ufw deny from ip – block ip adress

    Package Management¹ Application Names


    apt-get update – refresh available updates nautilus – file manager (GNOME)
    apt-get upgrade – upgrade all packages dolphin – file manager (KDE)
    apt-get dist-upgrade – upgrade with package konqueror – web browser (KDE)
    replacements; upgrade Ubuntu version kate – text editor (KDE)
    apt-get install pkg – install pkg gedit – text editor (GNOME)
    apt-get purge pkg – uninstall pkg
    apt-get autoremove – remove obsolete packages System
    apt-get -f install – try to fix broken packages Recovery - Type the phrase “REISUB” while
    dpkg --configure -a – try to fix broken holding down Alt and SysRq (PrintScrn) with
    packages about 1 second between each letter. Your system
    dpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb will reboot.
    (file) /etc/apt/sources.list – APT repository lsb_release -a – get Ubuntu version
    list uname -r – get kernel version
    uname -a – get all kernel information

    1. Prefix commands with sudo to run.


    Ubuntu is a trademark of Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0. Free to redistribute; see creativecommons.org for details.

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