AIS-048

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARD

Battery Operated Vehicles -

Safety Requirements of
Traction Batteries

PRINTED BY
THE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
P.B. NO. 832, PUNE 411 004

ON BEHALF OF
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARDS COMMITTEE

UNDER
CENTRAL MOTOR VEHICLE RULES – TECHNICAL STANDING COMMITTEE

SET-UP BY
MINISTRY OF SHIPPING, ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS
(DEPARTMENT OF ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

March 2009

I
 AIS-048
Status Chart of the Standard to be used by the Purchaser for Updating the Record.

Sr. Corrigenda Amend Revision Date Remark Misc.

No. -ment

General Remarks :

II
 AIS-048

INTRODUCTION
The Government of India felt the need for a permanent agency to expedite the
publication of Standards and development of test facilities in parallel when the
work of preparation of Standards is going on, as the development of improved
safety-critical parts can be undertaken only after the publication of the Standard
and commissioning of test facilities. To this end, the erstwhile Ministry of Surface
Transport (MoST) has constituted a permanent Automotive Industry Standard
Committee (AISC) vide Order No.RT-11028/11/97-MVL dated September 15,
1997. The Standards prepared by AISC will be approved by the permanent
CMVR Technical Standing Committee (CTSC). After approval, The Automotive
Research Association of India, (ARAI), Pune, being the secretariat of the
AIS Committee, has published this Standard. For better dissemination of this
information, ARAI may publish this document on their website.

This Standard prescribes the safety requirements of traction batteries for battery
operated vehicles.

Considerable guidance has been taken from the following documents:

1. USABC ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY TEST PROCEDURES

MANUAL, Revision 2, Published January 1996.
2. United States Advanced Battery Consortium Electrochemical Storage
System Abuse Test Procedure Manual, Printed July 1999
3. IS 13514 – 1992 : Lead acid batteries for electric road vehicles –
Specification.
4. IEC : 60254

The Automotive Industry Standards Committee responsible for preparation of this

standard is given in Annex : D

III
 AIS-048
Battery Operated Vehicle –
Safety Requirements of Traction Batteries

0. SCOPE
This standard applies to the traction (driving power) batteries used for
battery operated vehicles of L, M and N category vehicles as defined in
AIS-053.

1. REFERENCES

AIS-037 Procedure for Type Approval and Establishing

Conformity of Production for Safety Critical
Components
AIS-007 Information on Technical Specifications to be submitted
(Rev. 03) by the Manufacturer
AIS-053 Automotive Vehicles – Types – Terminology

The definitions applicable to this standard are given in Annex-C.

2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Electrical Tests

2.1.1 Short Circuit Test (Cell Level or Battery Module or Battery Pack)
Test may be carried out on battery cell (if the electrodes are
approachable) or battery module or battery pack, as opted by the
manufacturer.

2.1.1.1 Procedure for Short Circuit Test

With the Battery at nominal operating temperature as specified by the
manufacturer, fully charged condition at test room temperature not
exceeding 30°C, apply a hard short in less than one second to the
Battery with a conductor of ≤ 5mΩ for 10 minutes, or until another
condition occurs which prevents completion of the test
(i.e., component melting, etc.), or for systems with less than
≤ 0.9 mΩ/V system voltage ± 0.1mΩ internal resistance, a conductor
of 1/10 of the minimum resistance of the cell/module shall be used.
The size of conductor shall be such that, it shall be able to withstand
the short circuit current during the test duration.

If the multiple module is available, test a module that has been

removed from its standard container.

If more than one module is tested, increase the resistance to minimum

extent required, in order to apply reduced short circuit currents, to
avoid burn-out of cell interconnects within the test article. The load
resistance chosen for such testing depends on rated voltage of the
modules in question.
1/16
 AIS-048
This test will be performed with integrated, passive short circuit
protection devices operational (e.g., integrated devices that require no
external input).
All non-passive protective devices shall be disabled prior to this test.
Continue observation for an additional two-hour period for the
requirements given in clause 2.1.1.2.
2.1.1.2 Requirements
At the end of the test, there shall be no :
a) Physical damage to the casing or other mechanical parts.
b) Melting of components.
c) Fire or explosion.

It is acceptable for the battery to become dry at the end of the test.

2.1.2 Overcharge Test (Cell Level or Battery module or Battery Pack)

2.1.2.1 Procedure for Overcharge Test

With the battery at its designed operating temperature as specified by
the manufacturer, fully charged (100% SOC), contained at ambient
temperature at 27+50C. The battery is to be overcharged at a constant
charging current of 0.1(C10) A value for a test duration of ten hours is
reached.

2.1.2.2 Requirements
At the end of the test, there shall be no :

a) Physical damage to the casing or other mechanical parts.

b) Melting of components.
c) Fire or explosion.

2.2 Mechanical Tests

2.2.1 Vibration Test

2.2.1.1 Test Description

Battery module shall be subjected to this test. Test shall be carried out
at test room temperature not exceeding 30°C. Vibration test will be
carried out in two-axis viz. in the vertical axis and horizontal axis, and
battery positioned in longitudinal direction).

The cells battery module shall be firmly held on the vibration table
similar to the mounting used in the vehicle. as recommended by the
manufacturer.

If the support structure has any resonance below 50 Hz, the input will
be determined by the average of the acceleration at each of the major
support points.

3/16
 AIS-048
At the beginning of the vibration test, battery module shall be charged
to 100% SOC. Where applicable, the electrolyte shall be at the level
recommended by the manufacturer.

The battery module shall be subjected to sinusoidal vibration for at an

acceleration of 3 g in both the axis and a frequency of 30-150 Hz at
a sweep rate of 1 octave per minute. Testing is to be carried out for
2 hours in each axis.

2.2.1.2 Requirements

2.2.1.2.1 Where applicable, during vibration test there shall be no electrolyte

loss.

2.2.1.2.2 Immediately after the vibration test, discharge the battery at test room
temperature not exceeding 30°C, at the rate of I = 0.2xBattery capacity,
declared by the manufacturer in Clause 3.0. The deterioration of
battery rated capacity shall not be more than 10%.

At the end of the test, there shall be no :

a) Physical damage to the casing or other mechanical parts

b) Fire or explosion.

2.2.2 Shock Test

2.2.2.1 Test Description

Battery module shall be subjected to this test. Test to be carried out at
test room temperature not exceeding 30°C. Shock test will be carried
out in two-axis viz. in the vertical axis and horizontal axis, and battery
positioned in longitudinal direction.

The battery module shall be firmly held on the vibration table as

recommended by the manufacturer.

If the support structure has any resonance below 50 Hz, the input will
be determined by the average of the acceleration at each of the major
support points.

At the beginning of the shock test, battery module shall be charged to

100% SOC
Where applicable, the electrolyte shall be at the level recommended by
the manufacturer.

The battery shall be subjected to the 10 shocks in each axis in half-sine

wave, 30 g amplitude and 15 ms duration.

4/16
 AIS-048

2.2.2.2 Requirements

2.2.2.2.1 Immediately after the shock test, discharge the battery at temperature
not exceeding 30°C, at the rate of I = 0.2 x Battery capacity declared
by the vehicle manufacturer in Clause 3.0. The deterioration of battery
rated capacity shall not be more than 10%.

2.2.2.2.2 At the end of the test, there shall be no :

a) Physical damage to the casing or other mechanical parts

b) Fire or explosion.

2.2.3 Roll-Over Test (Battery Module) (applicable only for flooded lead
acid batteries)
Test may be carried out on battery module.

2.2.3.1 Test Description

Rotate the battery module one complete revolution in one direction, for
one minute in a continuous, slow-roll fashion, and observe leakage, if
any, from the battery module. Then rotate the battery module in 90°
increments in same direction for one full revolution. Hold the battery
module for one hour at each position.
2.2.3.2 Requirements
The volume of electrolyte spilled in each position shall not be more
than 25 ml per module.

2.2.4 Penetration Test (Cell Level or Battery module)

Test may be carried out on battery cell or battery module as opted by
the manufacturer.

2.2.4.1 Test Description

The battery cell module shall be penetrated with a mild steel
(conductive) pointed rod, which will be electrically insulated from the
test fixture. The rate of penetration shall be 8 cm/s nominal.
The diameter of the rod and the depth of penetration as specified in
clause 2.2.4.2. The orientation of the penetration shall be perpendicular
to the electrode plates. The test should be run in an indoor facility in
a container so as to collect the electrolyte from the safety point of
view.
The battery should be observed, with the rod remaining in place, for
a minimum of one hour after the test.
Note : The test may be carried out using a pendulum, hydraulic
actuator or pneumatic actuator

5/16
 AIS-048

2.2.4.2 Test Specifications

Size of Test Object Diameter Minimum Depth of
of Rod Penetration
Battery Cell 3 mm Through cell
Battery Module 20 mm Through three cells or 100 mm

2.2.4.3 Requirements

At the end of the test, there shall be no:

a) Melting of components.
b) Fire or explosion.

3.0 BATTERY PARAMETERS

3.1 The manufacturer shall declare battery capacity and charge retention
arrived as per the method given in Annex A.
3.2 These parameters if to be declared in Table 13 of AIS-007 (Rev. 03)
by the vehicle manufacturer shall also be as per the method given in
Annex A.
3.3 The specification of battery declared as per the prevailing table 13 of
AIS-007 (Rev. 03) for already type approved BOV’s are based on 2h
and not 5h capacity. In such cases, the values as per 2h shall also be
declared for applying the criteria of extension for deciding the test
required due to change in such parameters for type approval of BOV.

4 APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

4.1 Information to be submitted by the manufacturer at the time of
applying for type approval of the battery shall be as given in Annex B.
4.2 Number of samples: Generally 6 samples are required.
If the manufacturer opts for carrying out vibration and shock test on
the same sample, only 5 samples are to be submitted.
5.0 CHANGES IN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
5.1 Every modification pertaining to the information, even if the changes
are not technical in nature declared in accordance with clause 4 shall
be intimated by the manufacturer to the certifying agency.
If the changes are in parameters not related to the provisions, no
further action need be taken.
If the changes are in parameters related to the provisions, the Testing
Agency, which has issued the certificate of compliance, shall then
consider, whether,
5.1.1 The model with the changed specifications still complies with
provisions, or
5.1.2 Any further verification is required to establish compliance.

6/16
 AIS-048

5.2 For considering whether testing is required or not, guidelines given in

clause 5.5 (Criteria for Extension of Approval) shall be used.
5.3 In case of clause 5.1.2, tests for only those parameters which are
affected by the modifications need be carried out
5.4 In case of fulfillment of criterion of clause 5.1.1 or after results of
further verification as per clause 5.1.1 are satisfactory, the approval of
compliance shall be extended for the changes carried out.
5.5. Criteria for Extension of Approval
5.5.1 The test carried on a level shall be applicable for approving a higher
level.
5.5.2 In the case of partial short circuit test, test need not be carried out if the
number of cells to be shorted remains same as per Table 1.
5.5.3 In the case of change in type of battery, all the tests to be conducted.
5.5.4 In case of changes other than above, the criteria shall be as agreed
between the test agency and manufacturer.
6.0 CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION (COP)
6.1 The conformity of production procedures shall be those set out in
AIS-037 as and when notified to make it applicable for this standard.
6.2 Batteries approved under this standard shall be so manufactured as to
conform to the type approved specification set in this standard.
6.3 For the purpose of establishing COP, the following requirements shall
be verified.
6.3.1 Short circuit test (clause 2.1.1)
6.3.2 Overcharge test (clause 2.1.2)
6.3.3 Roll over test (clause 2.2.3)
6.4 The frequency of verification of continued compliance
(surveillance check) by the testing agency shall be once in three years.

7/16
 AIS-048
ANNEX - A
(See clause 3.0)

These guidelines are intended only for the declaration by the manufacturer.
No tests as per these guidelines are required to be carried out as part of
this standard.

A-1 Rated Capacity

The rated capacity assigned to the battery by the manufacturer shall be the
capacity expressed in ampere hours (after correction to 30°C) obtainable
when the battery is discharged as per the following procedure.

A-1.1 Test for Capacity

After standing on open circuit for not less than 2 hours and not more than
12 hours from completion of full charge, the cell shall be discharged as
specified in A-1.2 and A-1.3. The specific gravity and level of electrolyte
shall be checked after the full charge and adjusted, if necessary.

A-1.2 The cell shall be discharged through a suitable variable resistance at

a constant current I = 0.20 (rated capacity declared by the battery
manufacturer) *A, until the terminal voltage falls to 1.70 V.
A-1.3 During the discharge, the following values shall be noted at * suitable
intervals:

a) Terminal voltage of the cell

b) The discharge current, and
c) The temperature of the electrolyte

* The voltages shall be checked at the following intervals in the case of

lead acid batteries

a) Every 30 minutes up to 1.90 V per cell,

b) Every 15 minutes thereafter till 1.80 V per cell, and
c) Every 5 minutes thereafter.
For other type of batteries, values declared by the manufacturer shall be
used

A-1.4 The time in hours from the commencement of discharge until the terminal
voltage has fallen to 1.70 V per cell is the duration of discharge (a in the
formula given in A-1.5).
A-1.5 The capacity in ampere-hours at t°C is:

Ct °C = a × I (rated capacity declared by the battery manufacturer)

where
a = discharge duration in hours,
t°C = average value of the initial and final electrolyte temperature.

8/16
 AIS-048
A-1.6 The rated capacity is defined at a reference temperature of 30°C.
If the average temperature t°C during the discharge differs from 30°C,
the capacity measured shall be correlated to 30°C by using the following
formula:

C30°C = Ct/1 0.006 + (t- 30)

The figure 0.006 represents the temperature coefficient of variation of

capacity of 0.6 percent per °C for lead acid batteries.

For other type of batteries, values to be declared by manufacturer shall be

used.

A-2 Charge Retention Test

A-2.1 After having undergone a capacity test and having obtained a capacity, its
surface shall be cleaned and dried in order to remove any traces of
conductive material or electrolyte.

A-2.2 The battery shall be stored on open circuit (that is without a connected
electric load) at an average electrolyte temperature of 25± 5°C for a period
of 28 days (672 h).

A-2.3 At the end of the open circuit storage, in accordance with A-2.2 the
temperature of the electrolyte is adjusted to the range indicated in A-1.5
and A-1.6. Then the residual capacity Cr shall be determined by
a discharge at the current in accordance with A-1.2 and thereafter in
accordance with A-1.4.

A-2.4 The residual capacity Cr shall be not less than 0.80 rated capacity.

A-2.5 After the test, the battery shall be fully recharged in accordance with
A-1.1.

9/16
 AIS-048
ANNEX-B
(See clause 4)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION TO BE SUBMITTED

B-1. Trade name or mark of the device:

B-2. Manufacturer’s name:
B-3. Manufacturer’s address:
B-3.1 Telephone No
B-3.2 FAX. No.
B-3.3 E mail address
B-4.4 Contact person
B-4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer’s representative:
B-5 Description (Type) of The Traction Battery (Battery cell / Battery
module /Battery pack)
B-5.1 Battery designation/identification
B-6 Kind of Electro – Chemical Couple
B-7 Nominal Voltage , V
B-8 Battery Maximum Thirty Minutes Power (Constant Power
Discharge), kW
B-9 Battery Performance in 5 h Discharge (Constant Power or
Constant Current )
B-10 Battery Energy , kWh
B-11 Battery Capacity , Ah in 5 h
B-12 End of Discharge Voltage Value , V
B-13 Battery Mass, kg
B-14 No. of cells per battery module
B-15 In case of pack, no. of battery modules per pack
B-16 Operating Temperatures (OC)
B-16.1 Nominal
B-16.2 Maximum
B-16.3 Designed and range
B-17 Option for conducting Short Circuit Test (at Cell Level or Battery
module or Battery pack )
B-18 Option for conducting Partial Short Circuit Test (at Battery
Module or Battery pack )
B-19 Option for conducting Overcharge Test (at Cell Level or Battery
module or Battery pack )
B-20 Option for conducting Penetration Test (at Cell Level or Battery
module)
B-21 Internal resistance, of battery if less than <=5mΩ

10/16
 AIS-048

B-22 Recommendation for mounting and clamping for vibration and

shock test.
B-23 Additional information, only in case of batteries for use on BOV’s
already type approved.
B-23.1 Battery Capacity , Ah in 5 h (Constant Current )
B-23.2 Battery Energy , kWh
B-23.3 Battery Capacity , Ah in 2 h

11/16
 AIS-048
ANNEX C
DEFINITIONS
(See Clause 2)

C-1 Anode The electrode in an electrochemical cell at which oxidation

takes place. During discharge, the negative terminal of the
cell is the anode; however, during charge, the positive
terminal of the cell is the anode. For rechargeable batteries,
the electrodes are normally referred to according to the
reactions that occur during discharge.
C-2 Battery Electrochemical cells electrically connected in a series
and/or parallel arrangement.
C-2.1 Battery cell An assembly of at least one positive electrode, one
negative electrode, and other necessary electrochemical
and structural components. A cell is a self-contained
energy conversion device whose function is to deliver
electrical energy to an external circuit via a controlled
internal chemical process. This chemical-to-electrical
energy conversion process involves ionic transport
between electrodes having different potentials.
C-2.2 Battery The smallest grouping of physically and electrically
module connected cells that can be replaced as a unit. A module
can be thought of as the smallest, repeating building block
of a battery pack.
C-2.3 Battery An array of interconnected modules that has been
pack configured for its intended energy storage application, that
is, the configuration is application dependent.
C-2.4 Battery Completely functional energy storage system consisting of
system the pack(s) and necessary ancillary subsystems for physical
support, thermal management, and electronic control.
C-3 Capacity The total number of Ampere-hours that can be withdrawn
{C} (Ah) from a fully charged battery under specified conditions.
C-3.1 Available, The total ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully
or charged cell or battery for a specific set of operating
Deliverable, conditions including discharge rate, temperature, age, stand
Capacity time, and any discharge cutoff criteria specified by the
(Ah) battery manufacturer.
C-3.2 Ci (Ah) The capacity in Ampere-hours obtained from a battery
discharged at a constant current to an end-of-discharge
condition (discharge cutoff voltage) in precisely i hours.
Ci is established once and is not adjusted through the
battery’s life.
C-3.3 Energy The total watt-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully
Output, or charged battery for a specific set of operating conditions
Energy including temperature, rate, age, stand time, and discharge
Capacity cutoff criteria (specified by battery manufacturer).
(Wh)
12/16
 AIS-048
C-3.4 Rated The developer’s or manufacturer’s specification for
capacity capacity. This single value is chosen by the manufacturer
(Ah) to best represent the expected performance of the battery.
C-3.5 Residual The Ampere-hours that can be discharged from a battery at
capacity a specified discharge rate and temperature after it has been
(Ah) exposed to specified conditions, such as driving-profile or
open-circuit stand tests.
C-3.6 Specific Capacity per unit weight of active material. This term is
capacity usually applied to active materials and/or electrodes (that
(mAh/g) is, including current collectors).
C-3.7 Theoretical The capacity of a cell’s active material, assuming 100%
capacity utilization.
(Ah)
C-3.8 Capacity The electrochemical capacity of active material per unit
area electrode area.
density
(mAh/cm2)
C-4 Cathode The electrode in an electrochemical cell at which reduction
takes place. During discharge, the positive terminal of the
cell is the cathode; however, during charge, the negative
terminal of the cell is the cathode. For rechargeable
batteries, the electrodes are normally referred to according
to the reactions that occur during discharge.
C-5 Charge Conversion of electrical energy into chemical potential
energy within a cell by the imposed passage of a direct
current.
C-6 Charge Schedule used for charging a battery. For example:
profile
C-6.1 Constant Charging of a battery at a controlled, constant rate of
current electron flow (normally applied with a maximum voltage
charging limit).
{CI}
C-6.2 Constant Charging of a battery by applying a constant voltage while
voltage allowing the current to vary (normally applied with
(potential) a maximum current limit).
charging
{CV}
C-6.3 CI/CV A constant current charge followed by a constant-voltage
charge.

13/16
 AIS-048

C-7 Charge The current applied to a battery to restore its available

rate {Ci capacity. The current can be expressed in amperes, but
/X} (A) more commonly it is normalized to the rated capacity I of
the battery, and expressed as Ci /X, where i is the hour rate
for the rated capacity, and X is a time specification, usually
in hours. If i is not given, it is assumed to be the same as X.
For example, the 10-hour charge rate of a 500-ampere-hour
battery (rated at the 5-hour discharge rate) is expressed as

Rated capacity 500 ampere-hours

= 10 hours = 50 amperes = C10 at I10 A.
Charge time
C-8 In contrast, the capacity of the same battery rated at the
3-hour discharge rate might be 450 Ampere-hours, giving
a 10-hour charge rate of

450/10 = 45A = C3 /10 rate.

C-9 Depth-of- The ratio of the net Ampere-hours discharged from a

discharge battery at a given rate to the rated capacity.
{DOD} (%)
C-10 Discharge Spontaneous conversion of chemical potential energy into
electrical energy within a cell, which results from allowing
the passage of direct current.
C-11 Discharge The current during discharge of a battery. The current can
rate {Ci /X} be expressed in amperes, but more commonly it is
(A) normalized to the rated capacity I of the battery, and
expressed as Ci /X, where i is the hour rate for the rated
capacity, and X is a time specification, usually in hours.
If i is not given, it is assumed to be the same as X. For
example, the 10-hour discharge rate of a 500-ampere-hour
battery (rated at the 10-hour discharge rate) is expressed as

Rated capacity 500 ampere-hours

= 10 hours = 50 amperes = C10 at I10 A.
Discharge time

In contrast, the capacity of the same battery rated at the 3-

hour discharge rate might be 450 Ampere-hours, giving
a 10-hour discharge rate of

450/10 = 45A = C3 /10 rate.

C-12 Discharge The minimum voltage under load permitted during

Voltage performance of the Peak Power Test and other
Limit performance tests. It is equal to 2/3 of the open circuit
voltage at 80% DOD at beginning of life, unless the
manufacturer specifies a more restrictive (higher) value.

14/16
 AIS-048
C-13 Electrode The conducting body that contains active materials and
through which current enters or leaves a cell.
C-14 Electrolyte The medium that provides ion transport between the
positive and negative electrodes of a cell. It may
participate directly in the charge/discharge reactions.
C-15 End-of- The battery voltage when charge is terminated. End-of-
charge discharge voltage
voltage
{EOCV} (V)
C-16 End-of- The battery voltage when discharge is terminated.
discharge
voltage
{EODV} (V)
C-17 Hour rate (h) The charge or discharge current of a battery expressed in
terms of the length of time a new, fully charged battery
can be discharged at a specific current before reaching a
specified end-of-discharge voltage. For example, the
10-hour rate for discharging a 500-ampere-hour cell
(rated at the 5-hour rate) would be 50 amperes.
C-18 Internal Opposition to the flow of an alternating current at
impedance a particular frequency in a battery at a specified
(ohm) state-of-charge and temperature.
C-19 Internal Opposition to direct current flow in a battery. Its value
resistance may vary with the current, state-of-charge, age, and
(ohm) temperature. It is the sum of the ionic and electronic
resistances of the cell components.
C-20 Nominal The voltage of a battery, as specified by the
operating manufacturer, discharging at a specified rate and
voltage (V) temperature.
C-21 Overcharge The amount by which the charge Ampere-hours exceed
(Ah) the Ampere hours removed on the previous discharge,
sometimes reported as a percentage. Occasionally, this
excess is normalized to the rated capacity.
C-22 Power A power level characteristic of a battery providing
continuous constant power for constant speed vehicle operation.
(W) Nominally, the power level required to remove 75% of
the rated energy from the battery in 1 hour.
C-23 Short-circuit That current delivered when a battery is short-circuited
current (A) (i.e., the positive and negative terminals are directly
connected with a low-resistance conductor).
C24 Traction Battery for providing the only source of motive power to
battery the motor vehicle.
C25 Manufacturer The manufacturer of the battery or manufacturer of the
BOV who has applied for type approval of the battery.

15/16
 AIS-048
ANNEX D
(See Introduction)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION *
Automotive Industry Standards Committee
Chairman
Shri Shrikant R. Marathe Director
The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune

Members Representing
Representative from Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport & Highways
(Dept. of Road Transport & Highways), New Delhi

Representative from Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises

(Department of Heavy Industry), New Delhi

Shri S. M. Ahuja Office of the Development Commissioner, Small Scale

Industries, Ministry of Small Scale Industries, New Delhi

Shri Rakesh Kumar Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

Director Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune

Shri D. P. Saste
(Alternate)

Dr. M. O. Garg Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehra Dun

Dr. C. L. Dhamejani Vehicles Research & Development Establishment,

Ahmednagar

Representatives from Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers

Shri T.C. Gopalan Tractor Manufacturers Association, New Delhi

Shri Ramakant Garg
(Alternate)

Shri K.N.D. Automotive Components Manufacturers Association of

Nambudiripad India, New Delhi

Shri Arvind Gupta Automotive Components Manufacturers Association of

India, New Delhi

Member Secretary
Mrs. Rashmi Urdhwareshe
Deputy Director
The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune
* At the time of approval of this Automotive Industry Standard (AIS)

16/16