OS Record

Program to implement file allocation strategies.
a) Sequential b) Linked c) Indexed

a) SEQUENTIAL FILE ALLOCATION
#include<stdio.h>
struct fileTable
{
char name[20]; int
sb, nob;
}ft[30];
int main()
{
int i, j, n; char s[20];
printf("Enter no of files :");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nEnter file name %d:",i+1);
scanf("%s",ft[i].name);
printf("Enter starting block of file %d :",i+1);
scanf("%d",&ft[i].sb);
printf("Enter no of blocks in file %d :",i+1);
scanf("%d",&ft[i].nob);
}
printf("\nEnter the file name to be searched - ");
scanf("%s",s);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(strcmp(s, ft[i].name)==0)
break;
if(i==n)
printf("\nFile Not Found");
else
{
printf("\nFILE NAME START BLOCK NO OF BLOCKS BLOCKS
OCCUPIED\n"); printf("\n%s\t\t%d\t\t%d\t",ft[i].name,ft[i].sb,ft[i].nob);
for(j=0;j<ft[i].nob;j++)
printf("%d, ",ft[i].sb+j);
}
}
INPUT:
Enter no of files :3
Enter file name 1 :A
Enter starting block of file 1 :85
Enter no of blocks in file 1 :6
Enter file name 2 :B
Enter file name 3 :C
Enter the file name to be searched -- B
OUTPUT:
FILE NAME START BLOCK NO OF BLOCKS BLOCKS OCCUPIED

B 102 4 102, 103, 104, 105
B) LINKED FILE ALLOCATION
#include<stdio.h>
struct file
{
char fname[10];
int start,size,block[10];
}f[10];
int main()
{
int i,j,n;
printf("Enter no. of files:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter file name:");
scanf("%s",&f[i].fname);
printf("Enter starting block:");
scanf("%d",&f[i].start);
f[i].block[0]=f[i].start;
printf("Enter no.of blocks:");
scanf("%d",&f[i].size);
printf("Enter block numbers:");
for(j=1;j<=f[i].size;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&f[i].block[j])
printf("File\tstart\tsize\tblock\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%s\t%d\t%d\t",f[i].fname,f[i].start,f[i].size);
for(j=1;j<=f[i].size-1;j++)
printf("%d--->",f[i].block[j]);
printf("%d",f[i].block[j]);
printf("\n");
OUTPUT:
Enter no. of files:2
Enter file name: abc
Enter starting block:20
Enter no.of blocks:6
Enter block numbers: 4
12 15 45 32 25
Enter file name: xyz
Enter starting block:12
Enter no.of blocks:5
Enter block numbers:6 5 4 3 2
File start size block
abc 20 6 4--->12--->15--->45--->32--->25
x
yz 12 5 6--->5--->4--->3--->2
C) INDEXED FILE ALLOCATION
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n,m[20],i,j,sb[20],s[20],b[20][20],x;
printf("Enter no. of files:");

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter starting block and size of file%d:",i+1); scanf("%d%d",&sb[i],&s[i]);
printf("Enter blocks occupied by file%d:",i+1);
scanf("%d",&m[i]);
printf("enter blocks of file%d:",i+1);
for(j=0;j<m[i];j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
printf("\nFile\t index\tlength\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d\t%d\t%d\n",i+1,sb[i],m[i]);
}
printf("\nEnter file name:");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("file name is:%d\n",x);
i=x-1;
printf("Index is:%d",sb[i]);
printf("Block occupied are:");
for(j=0;j<m[i];j++)
printf("%d",b[i][j]);
}
OUTPUT:
Enter no. of files:2
Enter starting block and size of file1: 3 2
Enter blocks occupied by file1:3

Enter blocks of file1:2
32
Enter starting block and size of file2: 2 2
Enter blocks occupied by file2:2
enter blocks of file2: 2 2
File index length
1 3 3
2 2 2
Enter file name: 2
file name is:2
Index is:2
Block occupied are: 2 2

SHELL PROGRAMMING
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by the Unix/Linux shell which could be
one of the following:
 The Bourne Shell

 The C Shell
 The Korn Shell
A shell is a command-line interpreter and typical operations performed by shell scripts include
file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. A Shell provides you with an interface
to the Unix system. It gathers input from you and executes programs based on that input. When
a program finishes executing, it displays that program's output. Shell script will have comments,
preceded by #
A shell script comprises following elements –
 Shell Keywords – if, else, break etc.

 Shell commands – cd, ls, echo, pwd, touch etc.
 Functions
 Control flow – if..then..else, case and shell loops etc.
Before you add anything else to your script, you need to alert the system that a shell script is
being started. This is done using the shebang construct. For example: #!/bin/sh
This tells the system that the commands that follow are to be executed by the Bourne shell. It's
called a shebang because the # symbol is called a hash, and the ! symbol is called a bang.
There are four main conditional statements in shell scripts:
if... ; then...; else...; fi
for ...; do...; done
while...; do...; done
Keyword for accepting input: read
Displaying output: echo

Assigning values to variables: Values can be assigned to variables through read statement or
also by using a simple assignment operator (while assigning variables no space should be given)
Operators in UNIX:
Operator Description
Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not; if yes, then the
-eq
condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not; if values are not
-ne
equal, then the condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right
-gt
operand; if yes, then the condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right
-lt
operand; if yes, then the condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the

-ge
value of right operand; if yes, then the condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value
-le
of right operand; if yes, then the condition becomes true.
1. Shell script to perform arithmetic operations
# !/bin/bash
echo -n "enter any number:"
read fno
echo -n"enter any number:"
read sno
echo "Sum of two numbers is:"$[fno+sno]
echo "Diff of two nos is: $[fno-sno]
echo " Product of two nos is: $[fno*sno]
OUTPUT
sh read.sh
Enter any number: 5
Enter any number: 6
Sum of two number is: 11
Diff of two numbers is: -1
Product of two numbers is: 30

2. Program to find whether a number is odd or even
echo -n "Enter number : "
read n
rem=$(( $n % 2 ))
if [ $rem -eq 0 ] # -eq is a symbolof equal and 0 represent rem is zero
then
echo "$no. is even number"
else
echo "$no. is odd number"
fi
Output
sh filename.sh
Enter a number: 20
No. is even
sh filename.sh
Enter a number: 9
No is odd
3. Shell script to find factorial of a number
echo "enter a number"
read num
fact=1
while [ $num -ge 1 ]
do
fact=èxpr $fact\* $num`
num=’expr $num – 1’
done
echo "factorial of $n is $fact"
Output
sh fact.sh
enter a number: 4
Factorial of 4 is 24
4. Unix Shell Program to check whether the given Year is Leap year or not.
enter the year
read y
a=èxpr $y % 4`
b=èxpr $y % 100`
c=èxpr $y % 400`
if [ $a -eq 0 -a $b -ne 0 -o $c -eq 0 ]
then
echo $y is leap year
else
echo $y is not leap year
fi
OutPut
2010
2010 is not leap year
5. To write a shell script program to find the biggest among given two numbers
echo "Enter the first number\n”
read a
echo "Enter the second number\n "
read b
if [$a –gt $b]
echo “ $a is greater”
else
echo “$b is greater”
if
OUTPUT:
Enter the first number
3
Enter the second number
5
5 is greater

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Program to implement file allocation strategies.

a) Sequential b) Linked c) Indexed

FILE NAME START BLOCK NO OF BLOCKS BLOCKS OCCUPIED

Enter no. of files:2

Enter file name: abc

Enter starting block:20

Enter no.of blocks:6

Enter block numbers: 4

Enter file name: xyz

Enter starting block:12

Enter no.of blocks:5

Enter block numbers:6 5 4 3 2

File start size block

printf("Enter no. of files:");

Enter blocks occupied by file1:3

Enter file name: 2

file name is:2

Block occupied are: 2 2

 The Bourne Shell

A shell script comprises following elements –

 Shell Keywords – if, else, break etc.

Keyword for accepting input: read

Displaying output: echo

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the

echo -n "enter any number:"

echo -n"enter any number:"

echo "Sum of two numbers is:"$[fno+sno]

echo "Diff of two nos is: $[fno-sno]

echo " Product of two nos is: $[fno*sno]

Enter any number: 5

Enter any number: 6

Sum of two number is: 11

Diff of two numbers is: -1

Product of two numbers is: 30

echo -n "Enter number : "

if [ $rem -eq 0 ] # -eq is a symbolof equal and 0 represent rem is zero

echo "$no. is even number"

echo "$no. is odd number"

3. Shell script to find factorial of a number

echo "enter a number"

while [ $num -ge 1 ]

fact=`expr $fact\* $num`

echo "factorial of $n is $fact"

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