Chess School 1 - 2005 PDF

Author
IM Slobodan Mirkovic, FIDE trainer

E-mail: nevenka@ sezam pro.yu
Published by
Montebegro chess federation
Editor
Vla dimir Sakotic
Cover
Kristina Naumovic
Computer layout
Jovan Naumovic
Translated by
Kristina Naumovic
Printed by
SZGR Jovan Antic
No. of copies - 1200
Herceg Novi, September 14th 2005
(This edition is published in honor of European youth championship

which is organised in Herceg Novi in September 2005)
INTRODUCTION
This year Montenegro chess federation S l obodan Mirkovic chose carefully

gained trust from European chess union to examples from chess classics to nowadays.
organize European youth championship Considering author 's methodical approach
2005. it is conclusive that beside theoretical
knowledge he has a wide range of practical
As carefull organisators, we were thinking
experience gained through playing chess
about literature we could give away to
actively and coaching. From time to time
championship p articipants so it would
he is writing about his experiences as a
satisfy the taste of beginners and also the
coach. Particularly he is focusing on a parent
taste of participants with high rating. The
role and he is analyzing it as unavoidable
idea came from book "Chess school" on
factor in development ofyoung chess player.
serbian language, whose author is Slobodan
He is affirming positive experiences and
Mirkovic.
pointing on negative with preventive cause.
According to its content this book will take It will be unjustly not to mention author's
an important place in chess literature. The contribution in building up u nique
most of the prior literature comes from classification, and marking the types of
SSSR, now from Russia. They have highest combinations accepted from "Chess
level chess schools and the most qualitative
Informant". All that activity and results are
chess coaches.
recommending the author as a serious and
Today, the most attention in literature is competent expert.
given to the theory of openings and
At the end I would like to emphasize one
presenting work of chess masters, and less more value of the book which is simplicity
attention to teaching the basic principles of in elaborating the topics. Reading this book
middlegames and endings. at the moment we think that truth is right
In view of the fact the "Chess School" came here and we are not aware of it.
at the right time.
Elaborating the topics FIDE trainer Vla dimir Sakotic
3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
"Chess School" was gradually prepared and corrected. "Miraculous world of combin
is a result of work with students; among ations" is a new system of classification of
them are GM Nikola Sedlak, GM Bojan combination, which is theoretically
Vuckovic, and GM Milos Perunovic. explained and has a part in informative
system of"Chess Informant". The third part
1be book is divided into three parts: "Pawn's
of the book is made of typical strategic
endings", " Mi raculous world o f
m otives, without them the games of
combinations", and "Strategic Motives".
contemporary m asters could not be
In part one; all pawn's endings are divided imagined.
into elements. The cause of such division is
I would like to thank Jovan Naumovic and
to lighten the learning of final phaze of the
Vladimir Sakotic who unselfishly helped to
game. The basic principles and rules are
enable this book see the daylight.
emphasized; the mistakes and irregularities
which can be seen in other books are Author
5
Pawn '5 endings
HOW TO DO ENDINGS
Some theorethicals consider that it is good b) problematical.

to know as many concrete positions by heart
The ending is clear when chess p lay erknows
as possible. That's the wrong approach. To
the positions and evaluation , and the ri ght
� to know the material it is crucial to learn plan of the game. These are the positions
general principles of the endings. Becaus e which are known independently from the
of that reason it is ne cessary t o divide the theory of endings. Ever y chess player has
material on: "Pawn's endings", "Endings o f its own clear p ositions.
Ligh t piece s", "Rook's e ndings", an d
All ot her posit ions are problematical, where
"Queen's endings". Paw n's endings are the
chess player is not showing its knowledge
ground of aIL endings and t hey are studied
but is fighting, searching for bet ter moves,
in this book. Regardless the pieces in the
calculating the variants, in short- plays.
game, the endings at one moment could b e
reduced on pawn's ending s.
How to learn endings? IMPROVING COMMON TECHNIQUE

The youn g chess players are t ryi ng to find It is necess ary to improve and know typic al
answer to this question. In the ches s methods and situations as: applying the
literature it's been just a l ittl e bit of talking principle "don't be in a hurry", king's
about autodidactic learn ing the theory of centralization, and playi ng the g ame
endings. There are two basic methods for according to analogy, etc. Imp rovement in
making progress in this chapter. this chapter could be gained studyi n g the
special materials.
I. The o ry research, and
2. Improving c ommon technique.

COACH ROLE
These two methods are closely related. The
improvement in one method automatically The coach who has the card index of all
drags along the improvement in another one. chess game s egments, is necess ary fo r
gaining the top r e su lts.
Card index consist s
o flarge number of classic gam es a nd various
TH EORY RESEARCH examples; and it's permanently appended
with new examples. There are materials in
A systematic studying of different type of
this book which author has used in wo rki ng
endings is necessary for increasing the
with many generations of chess players,
knowledge. T he endings (Pawn's, endings
including
prominent GM Nikola Sedlak,
of Light pieces, Rook's, and Queen 's) are
GM Milos Perunovic, and GM Bojan
viewed systematically a n d their specifics are
Vuckovic. Basic positions are given for
accepted.
every topic and they represent the ground
All endings can be divided into a) clear and f or future u n derstanding and improvement.
9
GM NI KOLA SEDLAK
NO PAIN NO GAIN
At the beginning of my chess carrier at S.abS? big mistake, following was for the
Memorial Tigran Petrosyan, I played victory 5.'i!;le5! ba4 6.<it'f5 a3 7.ba3 'i!;lb5
following ending: 8.'i!;lg5 'i!;la4 9.<it'f6 S 'i!;lbS 6.'i!;ldS as! a
•••
draw, on 7 .'i!;ld4 'i!;la4 af ter 8.'i!;lc4 and a

N. Sedlak - E. Cbasovnikova stalemate.
Moscow, 1997 This position couldn't give me a piece of

mind, and I kept coming back on it. I asked
myself: 'How is it possible I didn't play
5.'i!;le5! to take the winning position? After
long analyses a figured out the basic reasons:
1. At the time the game was played I didn't
have eQough knowledge about p awn's
endings and I didn't know original stalemate
picture,
2.The move 5.ab5? was played very quickly
without thinking though. I had enough time,
and
1 'i!;ld7 l.'i!;le3 good beginning for this
•••
3. I only paid attention on my threats atd I

phase of ending, first king's centralization
exaggerated their importance, while I
l M 3.'i!;ld4 'i!;l d 6 4.a4 'i!;Ic6 and now begins
...
underestimated opponent's threats.

the critical mow,ent
If I had Ilad the knowledge from lesson
"Combinations for a draw" I wouldn't
certainly have made a mistake which led me
to loose half of a point, and to havc many
dreamless nights spent imalyzing the game.
This experience inspired me to studiously
learn the pawn 's ending s. Author's
professional help had played an important
role in my progress to Grandmaster, which
could have been seen in the following game
I played seven years later.
10
I played ending calmly and heartlessly 3.�f3 �f5 4.�3 �gS
without unnecessary quickness. The
emotions were pushed back and most
importantly I showed the knowledge.
N. Sedlak P. Leimand
-
Esbjerg, 2004
S.�b3! not good S.d6? �f6 6.�f4 �e6

7.�gS �6 S.�f6 � 9.�f7 � 10 .�eS
�eS! 1 1 .�d7 �e4 12.�c6 �d3 13.�b6
�4 14.�aS � lS.�bS c4 16.aS �b3
17.a6 c3 1S.a7 c2 1 9.aS.c l .with a draw,
White's position advantage is in united with th is' move White i s performing
passed pawn on d, which is better than pawn maneUver which is known in theory as
on g-fiIe; the advantage is good enough for "detour" S �f5 6.�b4 �eS 7.�gS now
•••
winning. 1.�e4! �gS l.c3 win and 2.�eS its all over, passed pawn on d-fiIe decide
g3 3.d6 g2 4.d7 g l . S.dS. �hS 6 .•hS 7 bS or 7 ...�d6 S.�f6 �d7 9.�eS �e7
•••
�g4 7 .•g7 and Black is loosing the queen I 0.d6 �d7 1 1. �dS with win 8.cbS �dS
1 ... g3 or 2 ... �g6 3.�f4 g3 4.�g3 �gS 9.�f6 c4 9 ...�c4 10.b610.�e7 and Black
S.�h3 and switching in position from game resigned.
11
GM BOJAN VUCKOVIC
UNPLEASANT EXPERIENCE
At the time 1 didn't pay much attention on 3.g4! the move after which Black must pay
pawn's endings on Yugoslavian Junior attention not to lose 3... h4! [3 ... hg4 4.fg4 g5
Championship 1 had a very unpleasant 5.c3! f6 6.h3 d4 7.cd4 cd4 8.�b4 d3 9.�c3
experience. �a5 10.�d3 and White takes f 6 and g5
pawns and win) 4.f4! [after 4.g5 h3 5.f4 f5!
D. Mitrovic: - B. Vuc:kovic: 6.gf6 gf6 7.f5 d4 White is in zugzwang) h3
Mataruska Banja, 1997 [a draw is also after 4...d4 5.h3 c4 6.�b4 d3
7.cd3 cd3 8.�c3 �a5 9.�d3 �b5 10.�d4
�c6 1 1 .�e5 �c5 12.�f5 �d4 13.�g5
�e4 14.f5 �f3 15.�h4 �g2) 5.c3 and
Black gets a draw after 5 ...d4! 6.cd4 cd4
7.�b4 d3 8.�c3 �a5 9.�d3 �b5 IO.�d4
�c6 1 1.�e5 �d7 12.f5 �c6 13.�f4 �d5
14.�g3 �e4 15.�h3 �f3 16.�h4 �g2
17.g5 �f3! [ l osing 17 ... �h2 1 8.f6 g6
19.�g4) 18.�h5 �f4 19.f6 gf6 20.gf6 �f5
with a draw.
2.�a4 h4
1 ...�c:6?
A draw would not help 2 ...d4 3.a6 c4 4.�b4
Move was played very quickly, after which d3 5.cd3 cd3 6.�c3 �b6 7.�d3 �a6 8.�e4
the position of Black was lost. 1 should have �b5 9.�f5 �c5 10.�g5 �d4 [10 ... �d6
played 1...�b7 aftcr the game 1 thoughtthat 1 1.�h5 �e5 12.�g5 �e6 13.h4 �e7 14.h5
this move had insured an easy win to Black, �e615.f4) 11.�h5 �e3 12.�g4 �f2 13.g3
meanwhile, 1 analyzed the game and figured �g2 14 .h4 and with pawns' further
out that this is not true. 2.�a4 �a6 position progression White wins.
of zugzwang on both sides, the goal is to
3.a6 �b6 4.a7 �a7 5.�b5 c:4 6.�c:5 �a6
time the pawn's positions so the opponent
7.�d5 � b 5 8.c:3 g5 9.h3 and Black
must play with the king, for instance
resigned.
3.d h4! and White will be timed
This unpleasant defeat had positive impact
3.g3 d4! 4.f4 [4.g4 hg4 5.fg4 g5 6.h3 f6) g6 on me. 1 started to learn more studiously the
5.h3 f6 6.g4 [6.f5 gf5 7.h4 f4 8.gf4 f5) h4 pawn's endings. 1 fI had had the knowledge
7.g5 f5 8.�b3 �a5 9.�c4 �b6 and Black from lesson "Passed pawn" the result might
wins have been different.
12
PAWN'S ENDINGS
There are different pawn's endings, for opponent's king will stop it. The Square rule
instance: according to material on table, the enables the quick viewing of this possibility
idea, the strategy, etc. This book is and it says: The king overtakes the
processing division o n elements: opponent's pawn only if it enters the pawn's
Square rule square. In clear form (without the influence
opposition of other elements) the square rule could be
triangle maneuver applied only in cases where the king of
zugzwang active side is "out of game".
pawn's brake through
combination for a draw
opposition of knight's jump
passed pawn
united passed pawns
the rule of 6" (3 .... ) row
deficiency in pawn's structure
transition in pawn's ending
wrong evaluation
transition in other endings
A few basic examples are given for every of

mentioned elements; they represent a ground
White moves - winning
for further research, understanding and
managing in complicated situations. Black moves - winning
a l -a5-e5-e l form square. Playing 1.�e5

SQUARE RULE White with the king enters the mentioned
square and stops the opponent's pawn.
'The dream" of every passed pawn is to get 1. �b7 1.h4 a4 3.�d4 a3 4.�d with win.
••
to the outlet square, in other words to be In this case Black king is not in the White
promoted in queen or some other piece. The pawn's square. If Black moves, after 1 a4•••
term "passed pawn" tells that there are no with pawn's progression new square is
other pieces standing in the way, meaning formed a 1 -a4-d4-d I, after 1.�e5 White king
only king could stop it. In most cases the cannot enter the new square and hold the
result will depend on whether the pawn with pawn, so the game for White is lost 1 ... 83
no disturbance will get to outlet or the 3.�d4 al and pawn becomes a queen.
13
CHESS SCHOOL
Black moves - a draw Black moves - White winning
Square consists of b4-b8-fS-f4 and player is When king moves diagonally through the
imagining the mentioned square, and in this square he can stumble upon a barrier, for
position with move 1 ...�b4! 2.f5 �c5 3.f6 instance 1 �b4 2.(5 �c 5 3;f6 �c6 Black
•••
�d6 4.17 �e7 Black gains a draw. is obstructed by its own pawn and the square
rule can not be applied 4FT �d7 S.f8� and
In the next example pawn stands at the White wins.
beginning position and must not forget it can
go two squares ahead: The importance of the square rule is best
seen in the following examples where
material advantage is realized by application
of mentioned rule.

Black moves - a draw
Black moves - White winning

After l.a4 Black has no possibility to enter
the square a4-a8-e8-e4, for instance 1 �f4
••• United pawns defend each other, on l. ..�tJ
2.a5 � 3.a6 �d6 4.a7 �c 7 5.a8'8' and will be 2.g5 and Black king is out of the
White wins; if Black moves then Black gets square g5-g8, d8-d5 2...�g4 3.g6 �g5 4.g7
a draw by entering the square a3-a8-fS-f3 �g6 5.g8'tV and White wins, if Black does
with king 1. �f4! 2.a4 �e53.a5 �d6 4.a6
.. not take the pawn on f3 then White with a
�c 7 5.a7 �b7 and a draw. king approaches the pawns, and easily wins.
14
Pawn's endings
Black moves - White winning White moves - winning
"Cross-eyed" pawns defend each other, on 1./�c3! not l .�cS? because 1...�b4! with a
1 �f3 1 ...ci!?fS 2.ci!?c2 ci!?f4 3.ci!?d3 and
• •• draw 1._�b4 l.�gl �e3 2... �aS 3.�f3
White approaches pawns with the king l.h S! �b4 4.�e4 �aS S .�dS �b4 6.�c6 �aS
� J.h 6 Black king is out of the square 7.�cS �a6 8.�b4 �b6 9.aS etc.1aS �b4
3...�gS 4.h7 �g6 S.hS. and White wins. 4.a6 �bS S.a7 �b6 6.aS. and again the
Black king is late and White wins.
The pawns can promote into queen without
king's help.
Black moves - winning

Black moves - White winning 1. AeS! l.�eS if White does not accept the
••
sacrifice 2.�f3 Wf7 3.�e4�f64.�f3 �fS

1 �6 or 1 ...�g7 2.e6 �f63.h6 � 4.h7
•••
S.�t2 �e4 6.�e2 f3 7.�t2 Ad4 8.�fl
with transition in main variant l.h6 � on �e3 9.�el t2 lO.�fl AcS 1 1.�g2 �e2
2...ci!?eS 3.h7 3.e6 or 3.h7 �g7 4.e6 �h7 and a pawn promotes l . fl 3.�e4 fl4.�e3
. .
S.e7 3 ... �e6 4.h 7 and White wins. n. and Black wins. .
IS
CHESS SCHOOL
Promotion with a check time 2.�f6 h3 3.�e7 h2 4.c7 �b7 5.�d7

with a draw.
O. Duras, 1905
At a glance it is not possible to believe in a
possibility of a draw, because the Black king
is two steps from White pawn, and Black
pawn seems could not be held up. What
miracle has to happen so that White king
could overtake the opponent's pawn? The
explanation is in unusual geometry of chess
board. The shortest distance is not always
the straight line!
The king's path between hS and h2 contains
six squares no matter the king moves in
straight line or zigzag line. If White king
moves per zigzag line then Black king must
White moves - winning play (�b6 i �c6) and at the end Black pawn
1 .�c5! frees the path to its own pawn and loses the pace.
at the same time enters the Black g-pawn's In triangle hS-eS-h2, at White king's point
[square gS-g l -c l -cS] 1 g5 or l...�g6 2.b4
•••
of view, the sum of cathetuses hS-eS i eS-h2
�f7 3.bS �e7 4.�c6! �dS S.�b7! gS 6.b6 equals the hypotenuses hS-h2. Straight line
path equals the z;gzag .. l ine path. This
g4 7.�aS g3 S.b7 g2 9.bS. and White wins
geometric paradox is possible only on chess
2.b4 g4 3.�d4 king enters the square board.
3 ... �g5 or 3...g3 4.�e3 �gS S.bS! �h4
6.b6 �h3 7.b7 g2 S.�fl �h2 9.bS. and H. Rinck, 1922
should win 4.b5 g3 5.�e3 �g4 6.b6 �h3
7.b7 g2 8.�tl �h2 9.b8. and White wins.
Reti s maneuver
R. Retl, 1922

The resolution is 1 .8 4 �b3 2.8 5 �c3 loss
2...�c4 3.a6 �d3 4.a7 t2 S.aS. f l . 6 .•a6
and queen is down 3.�gl ! the point, not so
good 3.116 because 3 ... �d2 4.a7 t2 S.�g2
�e2 does not satisfy neither 3, �3 cause
1.�g7! h4 if l ...�b6 then 2.�f6! h4 3.�eS 3 ... �d4 4.a6 c;t?e3 S.a7 f2 with a draw
and both sides extract a queen at the same 3_ �d4! 4.8 6 �e3 5.�n and White wins.
16
Pawn's endings
H . A. Adamson, 1921 L. Prokes, 1947
White moves - a draw White moves - a draw
1.�g6 a4 2.�fS! �b6 2... a3 3.'�e6! �b6 1.�cS! if 1.a6? �c6 2.�e7 hS and Black
4.�d7 a2 S.c7 a1 '(it 6.c8� with a draw would win 1 ... �c6 2.�bS! it would be
3.�eS �c6 3 ... a3 4.�d6 a2 S.c7 �b7 wrong 2.a6? �b6 3.�d7 hS and White king
6.�d7 4.�d4 �bS S.�c3 with a draw. is out of the square 2 ... �bS 3.�b7 �aS
4.�c6 hS S.�dS h4 6.� e4 a draw because
the king is in the h-pawn's square.
C . De F eijter, 1939
V. Korol kov, 1950
White moves - a draw

1.�b7! it would be wrong 1.fS? because of
l...�cS 2.f6 �d6 3.f7 �e7 and Black would l.e6! 1.a6? d2 2.a7 d1'fW 3.a8'fW 'fWdS 4.�a7
win 1 ... aS 2.�c7 �cS on 2...a4 3.fS a3 4.f6 'fWa8 S.�a8 �dS and White king is out of
a2 S.f7 a1'fW 6.f8'fW with the same result as the square 1... �d6 2.e7 �e7 3.�c7 d2 4.d6
in main variant 3.�d7 �dS 4.�e7 � e4 �e6 S.d7 dl 'fW 6.dS• • dS 7.�dS �d6
S.�e6! a4 S ... �f4 6.�dS a4 7.�c4 and S.�cS! the same position occurs as in the
Black pawn goes down 6.fS a3 7.f6 a2 s.n exam ple before S . . . �c6 9 . � bS �bS
al'fW 9.f8'fW with a draw. IO.�b7 �aS 11 .�c6 and a draw.
17
CHESS SCHOOL
J.Moravec,19S2 R. R ed , 1928
l.<i!i> g4! b5 l.d4 b 4 3.dS! �b5 4.d6 it would 1 .�g6! �b6 if l_hS 2.�g7 h4 3.�f6 with
be wrong 4.�fS b3 S.d6 b2 6.d7 b l. and transition in Reti's original study from 1992,
Black promoted pawn with a check 4 �c6 ••• or 1 .fS 2.�g7 f4 3.�f6 f3 4.�e7 12 S.c7
••
S.�fs! b 3 S ... �6 6.�e4 �cS 7.�d3 �bS �b7 6.�d7 with a draw 1 .�g7 hS 2 ...fS
8.�c2 �a4 9.�b2 6.�e6 bl 7.d7 �c7 3.�f6 f4 4.�eS f3 S"�d6 12 6.c7 �b7
8.�e7 and a draw is assured. 7.�d7 f t. 8.c8. 3.�f6 h4 4.�eS! with a
known finish.
E. Pogoslan c, 1976
E. Pogoslanc, 1984

l .�bS! on 1.�b4? hS 2.�c4 h4 3.�d4 h3
"
and the king is out of the square 1 ... hS 1.f6! gf6 1.. .gS 2.�h6 g4 3".�g7 g3 4.�f7
1 .�c6! �dI 2 ...h4 3.�d7 h3 4.c6 h 2 S.c7 g2 S.�e7 g l.6.f7with a drawl.�h6�b6
�a7 with a draw 3.�dS h4 4.�e4 and the 3.�g7! fS 4.�f6 f4! S.�eS f3 6. �d6!.n
king is in the square. ?.c7 n. 8.dI• • f6 9.cst? dS with a draw.
18
Pawn's endings
OPPOSITION Dukl os , 1903
Opposition is when distance between the

kings is odd number of squares (1 ,3 ,5).
Opposition has big practical importance in
pawn's endings; and basically represent
maneuver fight, with cause of gaining the
material advantage or engaging the better
pa;ition for king. The side which steps in
the opposition has the advantage in most of
cases, and we say that side is in opposition.

Close opposition
l.d6! defeat would be 1.'it'b3? 'it'c5 2.'it'c3
Qose opposition is horizontal, obliquely, (2.d6 'it'd6! 3.'it'c4 'it'c6! 4.'it'd4 �b5) 'it'd5
and vertical kings position with distance of 3.'it'd3 'it'c5 4.'it'c3 c6 and White is forced
one square between them. to leave the opposition 1 ._cd6 1 .�b3 with
pawn sacrifice White successfully engaged
the opposition l ... �cS 3.�c3 �d5 4.�d3
� eS S.�e3 and a draw is clear.
H. A. Ada mson, 1915

Black moves - White winning
In position in diagram the distance between

kings is one square, and in case the White White moves - winning
moves , White is fo rced to leave the
This is compound dissertation where White
opposition.
wins as followed 1 .�c7! it would be wrong
For instance 1.�c5 leads to nothing l .d7 to go af ter h-pawn at once because in that
'it'd8 2.<;t,d6 and Black is in stalemate case Black king would overtake White g
1 �d7 1 .�dS �d8 3.�e6 or3.'it'c6 �c8
••• pawn, and White with hel p of so called
3 � e 8 and because Black rules the
••• sideway opposition holds up Black king on
opposition the game is a draw; if Black a-file and chooses the right moment to go
moves, it is forced to leave the opposition on opponent's pawn 1 �a6 1 .�c6 WaS
•••
1 . ..� d8 1 .d7 �e7 3.�c7 and White wins. 3.ci& cSci& a4 4.ci& c4ci& a3 S.ci& c3 ci& a1 6.ci& cl
19
CHESS SCHOOL
�a30n 6...<ct>a I 7.g4 <ct>a2 8.�d3 and White In distant opposition kings are separated 3
wins 7.g3! it would be wrong 7.g4 because or S squares; and in further process of the
7...<ct>b48.<ct>d3 <ct>cS 9.�e4 �d610.<ct>fS hS! game the distance bet ween the kings is
1 1.ghS <ct>e7 12.<ct>g6 �f8 13.�h7 � with decreasing; and at the end they come into
adraw7 <ct> b4 if 7 ...<ct>a2 8.g4! �a3 9.<ct>d3
••
close opposition.
and White wins S.�d3 �c5 9. �e4 �d6 1 . .. � f5 l . � el �e4 a n d B lack has
I O.�f5 �e7 1l.�g6 and White wins. opposition so the game is a draw. If White
moves the situation is more complex. What
will happen if White plays 1.�e2 or 1.�g2.
It's obvious Black couldn't play 1... fG(S
because after V�f3! White rules the
opposition. Also 100ses 1 ... rJ?e 5 because
2.<ct>e3. The onlyway for Black to get a draw
is t <ct> e6 ! and now the distance between
••
the kings is 3 squares , which means that

Black engages distant opposition, and can
be followed by 1 .�e3 �e5 or 1 .�f3 � f5
with a draw.
Classical example of a distant opposition is
White moves - winning showed in following study:
l .hBf6' ! �hS l.�f6 The important moment H . Neustadtl , 1890
where kings face obliquely and their
diagonal distance is one square 1 ... � gS
Black is forced to leave oblique opposition
3.g7 �h7 4.�f7 and White wins; and in case
that Black moves winning is realized as
follows t �b8 1 .�f5 �7 3.hS. �h8
•••
4. �f6 and it is still the same as in the variant

before.
Disttllll opposition
t.�hl ! distance between kings is 3 squares,

which means that White has opposition, and
defeating would be 1. 'itfU because of
1...<ct>d2 2.<ct>t2 <ct>d3 3.<ct>fl �e3 4.�g2 �e2
S.<ct>g3 <ct>fl ! 6.<ct>g4 <ct>t2 or 1. �h2 �d2!
2.<ct>g2 (2.<ct>gl <ct>e3 3.<ct>g2 �e2 or 2.�g3
<ct>e3 3.<ct>g2 <ct>e2] <ct>e2 3.�g3 � f l, or
Black moves - a draw 1.rigJ <ct>el 2.<ct>g2 <ct>e2 and Black wins in
White moves - a draw all three variants I ... <ct>et if l . . .g4 then
20
Pawn's endings
2.Wg2 gives clear draw l.�gl � 1 3.�hl Triangle maneuver

� 4.�g3 �d3 S.�h3! �e3 6.�g3 �el
7. � �dl 8.�hl and a draw. In pawn's endings where opposition is not
good enough for win, Triangle maneuver
could be of use as accessory.
B. Zivkovic S. Mirkovic
-
Vrnjacka Banja, 1 9S1 G. Walker, IS92
White moves - a draw White winning
I.� the opportunity to engage the distant If Black moves, in this position Black is
ORJOsition is missed by I.Wd2! (the distance forced to leave e7 and opposition, for
between kings is 3 squares) and to get a draw instance I � 1.�d6! � 3.�e6 �
•..
simply is missed also, f or instance 1 ... f!1cS 4.�d7 �g8 S.�e7 �h8 6.f6! gf6 7.�n
2.Wc3 or 1 �e6 2.We2! or 1 .. �c6
... .
and White wins.
2.Wc2!, move in the game also leads to a More complicated and harder way is when
draw but more complicated I ... � S Black White moves because it must leave the
rules the opposition, it is very interesting that opposition. White's accessory is Trian 8te
it is not considerable for the result of the maneuver or triangulation. Squares d5-e4-
game 1 . � e3 � c 4 3 . � f4? conclusive e5 form White triangle. Black has no
mistake and this led to a draw 3.We4! Wb4 possibility to form a triangle because it has
4.Wd4 Wa4 S.Wc4 Wa3 6.Wc3 a4 (or on disposal only two squares eS and f8. The
6...Wa2 7.Wc2] 7.Wc2 Wb4 S.Wb2 Wc4 idea to win is: after White king's 3 moves in
9.Wa3 Wd3 10.Wa4 We3 I l .Wb3 wO mentioned triangle and Black king's 2 moves
12.Wc3 Wg3 13.Wd3 Wh4 14.We2 Wg3 on squares e8-fS the same position should
IS.Wfl and White king gets there on time, appear where Black would move instead of
with this move White king went on wrong White. So the whole problematic is reduced
side which can be explained by length of to White who should lose one tempo and in
the game and exhaustion w hich caused that way forces Black king to leave
attention to loosen 3 �b4 4.�gS �a 4
•••
opposition.
S.�hS �b3 6.�g6 a4 7.hS a3 8.h6 al 1 .�dS! would be wrong I.f6?because after
9.�g7 if 9.h7 al. and queen gets on hS I ... Wf8! a draw position occurs, for instance
9...a l . and Black wins. 2.fl (2.We6 wgS! 3.We7 gf6 4.Wf6 WfS
21
C HESS SCHOOL
with adrawJ r$;e7 and a draw is unavoidable To gain the win White should engage b6 with
1 �f6 2. �e4 Triangle maneuver is over
••• the king. The problem is that Black has
and Black king must leave the opposition, opposition and controls critical b6.
the following is easy to understand 2 �e7
l. �dS �c8 2. �c4 c4-d4-d5 form the
•••
3. �eS �f8 4. �d6! r$;e8 S.�e6 �f8 6.r$; d7

triangle 2. �b8 3. �d4! on 3.�c5 Black
� 7. �e7 r$; h8 8. f6 gf6 9. �t7 with a
••
would answer 3...r$;c7 3 r$; c8 4. �dS! �c7

••.
mate.
or 4.. .'it'd8 5.�d6 �c8 6.c7 and White wins
S. �cS White maneuver is over S �c8 .•.
6. �b6 and White wins.
A. Alekhine F. Y ates
-
Hamburg, 1910
It would be not good for White I . �e3

because of l ...r$;e5 and king could get away.
Instead White is doing Triangle maneuver,
using d2-e2-e3. Black could use just d6 and
e5 and has no possibility to compete.
1.r$;d2 r$; eS 1 ...'�c6 2.�e3 and wins a pawn
2. �e3 and White wins a pawn, after which Alekhine is realizing material advantage on
there is no doubt about white's victory. impressive way.
1. �d3! it would be wrong 1. rJi;d4? r$;e6
H . Fahrni S. Alapin
-
2.�c5 r$;e5 3.�b5 r$;e4 4.r$;a4 r$;e3 5.b4
f4 6.b5 f3 7.b6 t2 8.b7 f l1\V and White could
not win, and in case 1. f!;64? r$;e6 2.�b5
�e5 3.�a4 �e4 4.b4 �e3 5.b5 f4 6.b6 f3
7.b7 t2 8.b8'IV f l� and no mater White is a
tempo ahead, comparing to previous variant,
position is a theoretical draw 1. .. �d7 on
1 .. �e6 2.�d4 2. e4 f4 3.r$; e2 r$; e6 4.r$; tl!
.
form triangle e2-fl-j3 and Black resigns, on

5... �e5 it would follow 5.�f3 �e6 6.�f4
$>f6 7.e5 �e6 �.�e4 with an easy win.
White �oves - winning
22
Pawn's endings
O. T. Blathy, 1890 �a8 IOI .�c4 �b7 10l.�d4 a3 I 03.ba3

�a8 1 04.�eS �b7 IOS.c4 �a8 1 06.�d6
�b7 1 07.a8 ttY �a8 1 08.�c6 �b8 109.b7
�a7 1 10.�c7 �a6 111.b8ttY �a5 1 1 1.ttYb5
mate.
G. Walker, 1841
Mate in 1 12 moves
The essence of this dissertation is in Triangle

maneuver; White king has 3 squares at
disposal a I, a2 i b 1, while Black king has
just two a8 i b7 which leads him to si tuation
to move own pawns. When pa wns are White moves - winning
blocked on kin g's side, Black falls in
zugzwang and must lose pawns on queen's Firstly White applies Triangle maneuver on
side. After that goes an elementary mate. squares a3-b2-b3 1 .�a3! on 1.�b3 �aS
2.�c3? �a4 3.�d3 (on 3.�b2 �b4) �b41
1.�b4! � a8 1. �a3 �b7 3. � al � a8
4.a3 �a3 S.�e4 �b316.�d3 �b4 7.�d2
4.�al � b7 S . � b l � a8 6.�al � b 7
�c4 8.�c2 with a draw 1 �b6! l.�bl!
7.�a3 � a 8 8.�b4 �b7 9.�aS f6 this
•••
' �aS 3.�b3 �b6 4.�c3 �a5

maneuver recurs 10 times, until 3 Black
pawns get to f3, gS i h3.
S.�dl! Introductory move which is forming

99 b4 Black has no better possibilities, on
••• new triangle d2-e3-d3 S ... �a4 6.�e3 �a3
99...�a8 100.�a6 a3 10 1.b7 mate IOO.�b4 7.�e4 �a4 8.�dS �b4 9.a3! and White
WIDS.
23
CHESS SCHOOL
Zugzwang C. Salvioli, 1887
Zugzwang is situation where one side must

leave convenient position just because it's
their turn to play. Leaving convenient
position is of ten fatal and could lead to
defeat.
Most of the time a zugzwang is the result of
a good strategy.
C. Cozio, 1 766
White moves - winni,ng
l .gS! it would be wrong 1 .!i!;>c2? because

L. hS 2.ghS gh5 3.!i!;>d2 f5 4.c;!?e3 !i!;>b3
5.!i!;>f4 h4 and Black would win 1 cit>c5 •••
2.!i!;>b3 !i!;>bS 3.a4 cit>aS 4.!i!;>a3 cit>a6 S.cit>b4

!i!;>b6 6.aS !i!;>a6 7.!i!;>a4 !i!;>a7 B.cit>bS !i!;>b7
9.a6 there is another way to win, for instance
9.!i!;>c5 !i!;>a6 lO.!i!;>d6 cit>a5 1 1 .!i!;>e7 !i!;>b6
1 2.!i!;>f7 cit>c6 13.!i!;>g7 !i!;>d6 14.!i!;>h7 cit>e7
IS.!i!;>g6 cit>a7 I O.cit>aS !i!;>bB 1I . !i!;>b6 cit>aB
U.a7! Black is in zugzwang and must move
one of his own pawns h5 l3.gb6 with mate.
White winning
In the next position Black is forced to leave
The position is gained for White no mater opposition which leads him to defeat:
whose move it is. Black king is stalemated
in the corner of the table and Black must
play with a pawn.
White moves: I.!i!;> " M 2.!i!;>g6 bgS 3.bgS
� 4.!i!;>b6 !i!;>bB 5.g6 and White wins.
Black moves: I M on l... hS 2.!i!;>fi !i!;>h7
• ••
3.!i!;>f62.bS! point 2 !i!;>b7 3.!i!;>" and White

•••
wins.
In the next position, White first block pawns
on opponent's king's side, and then with
zugzwang it forces one of them to go White moves - winning
forward. Finally everything ends with 1.!i!;>d4 a6 in case 1 ... aS 2. a4 2.a3! as 3.a4
original mate picture. and Black is in zugzwang, White uses that
and penetrates forward with the king which
makes the game settled.
24
Pawn's endings
M. Jakovljevlc: - S. Mlrkovlc: 6.�g2 4.�h2 f4 4 ... g3 S.�h3·f4 6.�g2 or

4 . h3 S.�g3 f4 6.�h2 f3 7.�g3 5.�gl !
Vrnjacka Banja, 1973
..
S.�g2? g3 6.�f3 h3 and Black would win

S ... h3 6.�h2 f3

l.g4? conclusive mistake, and it led to a
7.�g3 a position of mutual zugzwang arose,
draw l .g3! and now its possible J . g6
Black moves and that's the reason why it
..
2.�h6 �g4 3.�g7 or J .fo2.g4�4 3.�g6

loses 7 . h2 8.�h2 fl 9.�g2 g3 1 0.�n and
..
..
� 4.�g7 fS S.�g6! or J $'e4 2.�gS

White wins.
...
�f3 3.g4 cst>g3 4.hS �h3 S.�f4, otherwise

White is in zugzwang 1 ... �f4 to same result S. Mirkovic: V. Lehoc:zky
-
it would lead also I ... �ffi 2.g5 �f5 3.g6 fg6

mate. Kecskemet, 1996
P. Carrera, 1617

White's operating plan consists of king
centralization and making zugzwang posit
1 . <i&f4 f6 l ...fS 2.cst>g3 2.�g3 f5 3.�g2 it ion l .�e4 or I.bS �f7 2.�e4 1 ... �f7 2.b5
would be wrong 3. g;r4? h4 4.�e3 h3 S.� or 2.�eS a6 3.a4 bS 4.aS �e7 S.ffi pj6 6.�f5
h2 6.�g2 g3 7.�h l f4 8.�g2 f3 9.�h l 12 �f7 7.f4 and Black is in zugzwang 2 ... <i&f6
1O.�g2 h l'ff and Black would win, it is 2 ... �e8 3.�eS �e7 4.f4 � f7 S.f6! pj6
possible 3.�h2 or 3. f!;(2 with win as in 6.�f5 and White would win 3.�f4 or 3.f4
game 3 .. h4 or 3 ... f4 4.�t2 g3 S.�f3 h4
. �f7 4.�eS �e7 S. ffi! gf6 6.�dS �d7 7.f5
25
CHESS SCHOOL
�e7 8.�c6 �e8 9.�d6 with win 3.. .�t7 l .f4 �g7 l.h3 ! after this move Black fell in
nothing more essential would change in case zugzwang, the trouble is he must play
3 ... �e7 4.�es �f1 s.f6 gf6 6.�f5 and something l ... �h7 if 2...�f1 3.�h6 �6
Black is in zugzwang 4.�e5 �e7 5.f6! gf6 4.h4 �f1 s.�h7 �f6 6.�g8 zugzwang on
6.�f5 � 7.f4 and Black resigns. 6 ... � 7.�g7 and White would win 3.�f6
V. Kortschnoi T. Petrosian
-
h4 3...�h6 4.h4 �h7 s.�f1 �h6 6.�g8
zugzwang again 4.gh4 �h6 5.�f7 and
Odessa (ml3), 1974 Black resigns, on s.�f1 �hs [s...�h7 6.hs!
gh5 7.h4 �h6 8.�f6 �h7 9.�fsl 6.�g7
�h4 7.�g6 �h3 8.�fs
Pawn 's brakethrough

We meet Pawn's brake through in practice
often, and it is linked with pawn's sacrifice
with cause to free the pawn's way. It is
important during the game to spot the
possibility of a brake through. Possibilities
are the following cases: I . pawns are sorted
White moves - winning close to promotion (space), 2. doubled
l .�f6 �f4 l.�e6 �e4 3.�d6 �d4 4.�c6 pawns, 3. player's own pawns are stopping
�c3 5.�b6 �b3 6.�b5! on 6. a:S? �a4 the king to hold up opponent's pawns.
7.�b6 �b4 8.cs a4 9.c6 a3 IO.c7 a2 with a
/) pawns are sorted close to promotion
draw, or 6.�S? �c4 7.�b6 �b4 8.as c4
9.a6 cl 10.a7 c2 also with a draw, after the (space)
move in the game Black found himself in
zugzwang and resigned. c. Cozio, 1766
V. H ort R. Byrne
-
Bugojno, 1978
l .b6! cb6 or I ...ab6 2.c6! bc6 3.a6 and pawn

unstoppably promotes into queen l.a6! ba6
White moves - winning 3.c6 with win.
26
Pawn's endings
A. Zozulia M. Savic
- J. Kling/B. Horwitz, 185 1
Herceg Novi, 200 1

l.hS! l.gS? fgS 2.hS gf4 3.hg6 f3 4.g7 f2
1 ..'i!?e4? winning was 1...h6! which stops
. S.g81!V f l1!V mate, or l.eS? feS 2.hS ef4 3.hg6
pawn's breakthrough 2.h6! fg'52. .gh6 3.gf6
. f3 4.g7 f2 S.g81!V f l1!V mate 1 ... ghS loses
or 2 � 3.hg7 3.hg7 and Black resigns.
..• and 1 ...gS 2.eS! feS 3.fS e4 4.f6 e3 S.f7 e2
6.f81!V 2.eS! feS 3.fS hg4 4.f6! g3 s.n g2
"Pawn's qUaI1et" is less known 6.f8t!:r with win.
Meissen, 1894 J. Berger J. Bauer

-
COIT. 189 1
Solution is in this case: l.dS cdS if 1... cS White moves - winning

followed by 2.aS! 2.aS baS 3.cS ab4 4.c6 l .c4! bc3 black has no other choice, on
b3 S. c.!fc l ! and White wins. 1...<it;gS decides 2.c.!fg3 2. <it;e3! king enters
the in c-pawn's square 2 ... c.!fgS 3.a4! Wg4
It is interesting to mention that white wins
4.b4! the point of this combination where
in a similar way making his first move with white sacrifice two pawns is to make the
any pawn, for instance: l .aS baS 2.dS cdS passed pawn 4 ... ab4 S.Wd3! it would be
3.cS dcS 4.bcS a4 S.c6 a3 6.Wc l! <it;c3 7.c7 wrong to immediately play S.aS? because
a2 8.c81!V S...b3 6.<it;d3 b2 7.<it;c2 c.!ff3 8.a6 <it;e2 9.a7
27
CHESS SCHOOL
b l. IO.�b I �d l ! Il .a81W c2 and black is 1...f4! it was played in the game 1 ...h4? 2.gh4
pulling out queen 5... h5 6.a5 h4 7.a6 h3 S.a7 gh4 3.�d4 �c6 4.aS baS S.baS �d6 6.a6
h2 9.aS. with easy win. �c6 7.�eS �b6 8.�fS �a6 9.�e4 and
black resigned 2.gf4 gf4 3.�d4 e3! 4.fe3
2) double pawns 4.�d3 f3! S.gf3 h4 6.�e2 h3 7.�f1 e2 or
Double pawns weakness in Pawn's brake 7 ...h2 8.�g2 et2 4 ... 0! 5.g0 h4 and black
through is clearly expressed in the next wins because white king can't enter the h
example: pawns square.
A. Pomar A. Cuadras
-
3 ) players own pawns are stopping the king
to hold up opponents pawns
Olot, 1974
A. Troitsky, 19 13
1. ..f4! 2.�d5 or 2.ef4 h4! 3.gh4 g3! 4.fg3

e3 with win 2 ... h4! 3.�e 4 O! 4.g0 h3 and White moves - winning
White resigns.
The idea fa wining is to set the barrier for
N. Weinstein M. Rohde
- black king not to reach the queen's side.
Lone Pine, 1 977 l.f6! it is bad I.G4?ba3 2.ba3 �g3! 3.a4 hS
4.aS h4 S.a6 h3 6.a7 h2 mate, or I. �2?
�gS 2.a4 ba3 3.ba3 �f6! 4.a4 �e7 S.�f3
�d8 with a draw 1 ...gf6 2.�g2 �g4 3.a4
ba3 4.ba3 �f5 5.a4 it would be wrong S.d6
cd6 6.c6 dc6 7 .a4 �e6 and a-pawn is
reachable 5. .. �e5 6.d6! cd6 7.c6! dc6 S.a5
�d5 9.a6 and pawn promotes.

28
Pawn's endings
Pantie - S. Mlrkovie Combinations for a draw

Karlovac, 1 986 Stalemate, as special kind of a draw,
represents a very good defensive weapon in
pawn's endings, and often appears at the end
of combination as a surprising point.
F. Lazard, 1 930
1 g3! 1.fg3 2.0 e4! 3 .fe4 (or 3.<stg4 e3] 0

...
and black wins 1 e4! 3.�g4 3 .gf4 e3 and

•••
white king can't enter the e-pawn square

3 B! 4.gB 4.Wh3 t2 4 e3 and white
... ... White moves - a draw
resigns cause f-pawn is in the way of his
In this position in a diagram white sacrifices
own king.
all pawns and gets a stalemate! l .hS! ghS
V. Borisenko K. Zvorykina
-
educed because the threat was h6 1.g6 fg6
on 2 . . . f6 it would be followed by 3 . c S ! and
URS,I962 following is as in the main variant 3.e6 de6
4.eS! deS t hi s overtake is necessary
according to threat c6 S.a6 ba6 if S ... b6
stalemate comes at once. 6.b6 ab6 stalemate.
M. Chigorin S. Tarraseh
-
Ostende, I 90S
1. .. a4! 1.�e4 b4 3.�d4 ba3 4.�e3 �

and white resigns, on S.d4 �g4 and Whlte
is in zugzwang.
White would rather "eat" its own pawn for
obstructing it to get on c2 with king. White moves - a draw
29
CHESS SCHOOL
1 .�g4! first follows a forced maneuver , and a-pawn decides, while black is not in a
it was played in the game l . gf6? gf6 2c;t1g4 position to make a sacrifice I c;tIc7!
•••
�4 3. �h3 �f4 and white resigned I ... � uniquely, it would be weak 1 gf4 2.h4 as
•••
l.g6! b6 2 ... hg6 3 . fg6 fS 4.�gS f4 S . hS t3 3.hS ghS 4.ghS a4 S .h6 a3 6.h7 a2 7.h8tt or
6.h6 gh6 7.c;tIh6 12 8.g7 fI tv 9.g8B with a 1 aS 2.h4 gh4 3.fS gfS 4.gS a4 S . g6 a3 6.g7
•••
draw 3.�hS! white sacrifices a pawn a2 with white win l.fgS as 3.c;tIg3 a4 4.�h4
3 �f5 stalemate.
•••
a3 S.g3 al a nice stalemate picture appears.
Y. Nikolaevsky M. Taimanov
- G. Kasparjan, 1 937
URS (ch), 1 966

1 . �d7! hS educed because the king would
1 �6 educed l.�hS � 3.c;tIgS �d6 enter the h-pawn square l.�c7 h4 3.�b6
h3 4.�aS hl 4 ... b6 S.c;tIa4 ! h2 6.a3 h i tv
• •.
4.c;tIfS �c6 S.�eS �b6 6.c;tIdS forced

7. b3 and white is in stalemate S.b6 hi tv the
maneuver is over, followed by effective
fantastic situation appears where black can't
pawn sacrifice 6... �aS! 7.c;tIcS stalemate.
win, although has a queen more, because
J. Berger, 1 890 white saves itself with stalemate 6.bS fibl
7.a4! fibl stalemate, and on 7 ... ttel 8.b4
stalemate, too.
L. Kubbel, 1 922

In this study white saved itself in an
incredible way sacrificing a pa wn l.f4! on
l .h4? gh4 2.f4 c;tIc7 3.fS �d7 4.fg6 c;tIe7 and White moves - a draw
30
Pawn's endings
1 .�d4! with a threat �c5 1 d6 1.�c3!

••• J. Dobias, 1 926
loses 2.�d5 because 2 ... �c71 ... d5 3.�d4!
b4 4. � b3 S.�c6 �b8 6.�b6 bl 7.a7
�a8 8.�a6 bit' or S ... b l n and in both • •
cases a stalemate. Self stalemate threat in . .,
some cases can be helpful as an accessory
to defense, while in the main file a draw
•• • •
could be gained in another way. Example: • .<it.
• • •
V. Kovalenko, 1 927 . . �

To win it is necessary for White to get the
tempo so it could attack g-pawn with
decisive effect. That could be realized only
if distance between kings is in the shape of
knight's jump.
1 . �d4! if White engages close opposition
with 1 .�d5 then goes 1 ...�b4 ! 2.f412.�e5
�c4 3.�f6 �d4 4.�g6 �e4 with a draw]
�3 3 .�e5 �d3 4.�f6 �e4 and Black king
makes to attack White pawn 1 ... �c6 on
1 . �7 e4 1.�c6! � 3.�S 3.�d6? e3 l . ..�b4 following concludes 2.f4! 1.�eS
4.fe1 fe3 5.�e5 � 6.�f4 �d2 7.�O f4 �cS 3.f4 �c4 4. �f6 and White wins.
and B l ack would win 3 �c3 3 . . . �b3
•••
4.�e5 e3 5.fe3 fe3 6.�f4 4.�eSe3 4 ... �d2 F. Sackinann, 1 923

5.�f4 �2 6.�f5 with a draw S.�f4! en
6� . !
arook a stalemate occurs6..n.1 on 6... fllb
7.�f4 7.�4 .1h3 8.e4 with a draw.
Opposition of "knight's jump"
This opposition is rare in practice and is

represented in studies. In cases where close
opposition is aimless the opposition of White moves - a draw
knight 's jump can be often effective and
dominant That is the opposition where kings Only move which leads to a draw is 1.�h8!
tace each other in the shape of knight's jump, it would be wrong 1. � f8 ? although with this
thus letter uL". move one also enters the opposition of
31
CHESS SCHOOL
knight's jump, as one would loose important T. Gorgiev, 1936

tempo and White king could not engage
square c2 l ...�f6! 2.�e8�e5! 3.�e7�d4 • • • •
4.�e6 <i!'c3 5.�d5 �b2 6.�c4 �a2 7.�c3 • • • •
�bl and Black wins 1._<i!ilf61.<i!ilh7!White
engaged the opposition of knight 's jump and
• • • •
gets on time to engage c2, loses 2.�g8? �e5 "'�' . . .
1 ... <i!ile 5 3.<i!ilg6 <i!ild4 4.<i!ilf 5 <i!ilc3 5.<i!ile4 • • • •
<i!ilbl 6.<i!ild3 <i!ilal 7.<i!ilc2 with a draw. � . . .
N. Grigoriev, 1938
• • • •
� • • •• c;i;
I.<i!ilh l! White saves itself entering the

opposition of knight's jump, it would be
wrong l .a4? <i!'e2 2.�g2 �d3 3.�f2 �c3
4.�e2 �b4 5.a5 �a5! and Black wins
I. .. <i!ilfl 1.<i!ilh3 <i!ilfJ 3.<i!ilh4! 3.�h2 b5!
3 ...<i!ilf4 4.<i!ilh5 <i!ilfS 4...b5 5.�g6 5.<i!ilh6
<i!ilf6 6.<i!ilh7 <i!i1t7if 6 ... b5 7.�g8�e5 8.�ti
�d4 9. �e6 <i!'c3 IO.�d5 � b3 11. �c5 with
a draw 7.<i!ilh6! 7.�h8? b5! 8.�h7 �e6
9.�g6 'it'd5 lO.�f5 �c4 11.�e5 �b3
1.<i!ilg5! enters the opposition of knight's 12.�d4 �a3 and Black wins 7 •••b5 8.<i!ilg5
jump, it would be wrong l .b4? because <i!ile6 9.<i!ilf4 <i!ild5 IO.<i!ile3 <i!ilc4 lI.a4! ba4
L.b5! 2.<i!'h3 �e4 3.�g3 �d4 4.�O �c4 Il.<i!ildl <i!ilb3 13.<i!ilcI with a draw.
5.�e3 <i!'b4 6.�d2 �b3 and Black would
win 1 •••<i!ile4 1.<i!ilf6! <i!ild5 3.<i!ile7! <i!ilc6 on
3 ... b5 4.<i!'d7 b4 5.�c7 �c5 6 .�b7 b3 Passed pawn
7.�a6 <i!'b4 8.�b6 �c4 9.�a5 with a draw
4 .<i!ile6! tran sition in close opposition is
The pawn which is far away from the place
necessary, retaining opposition of knight's
of happening and has no other opponent's
jump af ter 4.�d8? would lead White after
pawns on the way which are distracting its
4 ... b5! 5. <i!'c8 b4 in def eat 4 b6 5.<i!ile 5 <i!ilc5
•••
progress is called distant passed pawn. It is
6.<i!ile4 <i!ilc4 7.<i!ile3 b5 7 ... �b3 8.�d4! �b2
known that in material balance of strength
9.�c4 8.<i!ildl <i!ilb3 9.<i!ilcI <i!ilal IO.b4 only,
the side that's passed pawn progressed
on 10. f!;c2? goes IO... b4, or IO.bJ �b3
further has the priority; therefore the time
Il .�bl b4 and B lack wins IO ••• <i!il b3 has decisive significance. It is clear that in
1I.<i!ilbl <i!ilb4 Il.<i!ilbl with a draw.
such endings there is a large number of
exceptions, for instance, the better standing
of a king in some ca$es can successfully
neutralize opponent's pa'ssed pawn affect.
32
Pawn's endings
1. Passed pawn on the side White has remotely passed pawn on f-fiIe
which presents capital good enough for
R. Fischer - B. Larsen winning. To realize the advantage i t is
Denver (m/5), 1 97 1 necessary t o play cautiously I.ci!?dl! it is
necessary for White to attack opponent's e
pawn, it would be wrong to move with king
towards its own passed pawn, for instance
l . ci!?e2? �d6 2.ci!?O ci!?d5 3 .�e3 ci!?e6 4.ci!?d4
�f5 5.�c4 ci!?f4 6.ci!?b4 <i!?e3 7.�a5 ci!?d3
8.ci!?a6 ci!?c4! and a draw is unavo idable
I ci!?d6 l. ci!?c3 ci!?dS 3.fS! ci!?eS 4. ci!?c4! 4. f6?
•••
ci!?f6 5.ci!?c4 �5 6.ci!?c5 <i!?e4 7.ci!?b6 <i!?d4

8.�a6 ci!?c4 with a draw 4 ... ci!?fS S.ci!?d4! . . .
opposition of knight's jump application
S ci!?e6 6.ci!?cS ci!?eS 7.b4! and White wins.
•••
White moves - winning 2. United passed pawn

The plan to win is easy, the passed pawn
that limits Black king's moving is progre
ssing and sacrificing in order to enable White
with king to penetrate on the opposite side
c:f table and establish decisive material adva
ntage 1.1iW4! 1iW6 1.aS f6or 2 ... c;!?c6 3.ci!?e5
and White king takes over opponent's pawns
3.a6 � 4.a7 ci!?b7 S.ci!?dS h4 if 5 ...f5 6.
�e5 h4 7.ci!?f6 6.ci!?e6! and Black resigns,
on 6 . .. f5 7.ci!?f6 and White conquests pawns,
a blunder after which the White would slip
lhevictory would be 6.gh4? ci!?a7 7.<i!?e6 f5
8.'i!1e5 ci!?b7 9.h5 gh5 I O.ci!?f5 �c7 1 1 .�g5 White moves - winning
� 12.ci!?h5 ci!?e7 with a draw.
With the existence of united passed pawn a
F. Prokop, 1 926 big White king's ab ility to maneuver is
enabled, which is indicated as dec isive
moment 1.ci!?e3 ci!?gS l.ci!?f3! The White's
task is to put opponent in zugzwang,
therefore there is no need to hurry with pawn
movement on the other side l aS loses right
••
away 2 ... f4 because White applies typical

method in s i m i l a r s ituation - pawn ' s
exchange i n order to penetrate in opponent's
camp with king 3 .e6 ! ci!? f6 4 . ci!? f4 ci!?e6
5. ci!?g5 3. ci!?g3 f44. ci!?h3! this is a point 4 bS
•••
4 ... ci!?h5 5.e6 �g6 6.ci!?g4 and White wins

S.a3 b4 6.a4 ci!?fS 7.ci!?h4! and White wins.
33
CHESS SCHOOL
T. Kok, 1 935 �d7 4.�d3 � 5.�c4 � 7 6.�b4 �a6

7.�a4 �b7 8.�a5 �b8 9.�a6 e5 1 0.g4!
and Black resigns.
United passed pawns
As it is shown in the lesson before united

passedpawn presents bigpotential and it is
by rule stronger than passed pawn which
. is
not united.
A. Totb L. Jlcman
-

Bar, 2004
V�b5 �b4 on 1 ...a4 2.�a4 �h4 3.�b3
�g3 4.gS �f3 S.g6 �e2 6.g7 f3 7.g8. f2
8 .• g2 �el 9.�c3 fl . 10 .• d2 a mate 1.
�a4! �g5 2 ...�g3 3.gS � f3 4.g6 �e2 S.g7
f3 6.g8. f2 7 .• g2 �e 1 8 .•e4 �fl 9.�b3
�gl 10 .•g4 �h2 1 1 .. f3 �gl 12 .•g3
�fl 1 3.�c2 with win 3.�a5 � b4 4.�b4
�g3 5.g5 �fJ 6.16 �e1 7.g7 fJ 8.g8 11 tl
9. 1Igl �el 10.�c3 and White wins.
B. Spass ky D. Yanofs ky
-
Winnipeg, 1 967
Draw
Typical draw position, both kings are bound
to opponent's pawns and therefore lose their
activity.
J. Bebtlng, 1 894

The problem about united passed pawn
realization usually appears when it is hard
to penetrate through opponent's pawns.
l.b5! White fixates king's side pawns, it is
only zugzwang position left to realize
1 ...�b7 on l ...eS 2.g41 1.�f1 �c8 3.�e1 White moves - winning
34
Pawn's endings
Both sides have united passed pawns which opponent's pawn go and it is faster for a
could be stopped by a king. It appears that tempod3 7. <i!1d6 �f7 7 ...d2 8.�e6 d l . 9.fl
there is no possibility to progress with pawns a mate B. <i!1d7 and White wins.
and not allow at the same time opponent's
pawns promotion. Despite all, White has For similar situations the rule is: The result
essential advantage because its pawns are of the match depends on pawn � closeness
closer to the outlet squares and in that way to the outlet squares. lfpawns are closer to
are completely limiting opponent's king promotion squares they will in most cases
moving. Black's starting position is already determine the winner:
in zugzwang and if it moves it would easily
lose, for instance move with a king loses Sunger - Cas tella
I... ft>eB2.�eS and White conquests d-pawn, Barcelona, 1 93 2
because it threats �e6 with fl a mate, other
JDssibility is 1 ... c6 2.� f3 ! �e8 3.�e4 cS
4.�S and White gains a winning position
as it would be shown in the main variant. As
\\e established Black starting position is in
zugzwang so it remains for Black to perform
a nice maneuver with a king in order to
transit in one of the mentioned positions.
I. c;t>f3! c6 best defense 2. �f4 2.�e4 7 cS and
White would find himself in zugzwang and
it would be just a draw 2 ... cS 3.�e4! now
Black is in zugzwang and must omit White
king 3... <i!te8 4.<i!1dS! <i!1d7 4... d3 S.�e6 d2
6.f7 a mate, or 4.. . 'ii#7 S. �d6 d3 6.�d7 and In this position a draw is made, meanwhile
White withdraws queen with a check S. <i!1c4 White gets the victory in studious way using
.
WeB the Beting study from 1 894 which is already
worked out. The position of the pieces is the
same, only they are moved one file to the
right. That has no influence on the final
result.
1.<i!1g3! d6 on 1 ...dS 2.�f4 �g8 3. �gS! with
transition in main variant 2. <i!1g4! it is wrong
2.�f47 dS 3.�e3 �g8 4.�d4 �fl with a
draw2 ... dS 3.<i!1f4 <i!1gB 4.<i!1g5 <i!1h7 4 ...�t7
S.�h6 S. <i!1f5! decisive maneuver which
purpose is to support own pawns S ... e3
6. <i!1e6 <i!1gB 6 ...e2 7. <i!1fl 7. <i!1e7 e2 8.f7 <i!1g7
6. c;t>cS! decisive maneuver, White lets 9.fB't!6' and White wins.
35
CHESS SCHOOL
M. Kars tedt, 1 92 1 The rule of sixth (third) row

The rule of the sixth (third) row says: If
active side's king engages sixth (third) row
the match is gained. This refers to cases
where king of the stronger side is in front of
the pawn. The zugzwang rule loses import-
ancc.
c. Salvioli, 1 888

I.ci!?o �8 the alternates are 1... e4 2.'it'f4
'it'g8 3 .'it'fS; 1._/4 2.'it'e4 'it'g8 3.'it'eS ! 0
4.'it'f6 and White wins in both cases 2. � n !
� fl 2. .e43.'it'e3 or 2. .f4 3.'it'O 3.�3 'it'gS
• •
3 ... f4 4.'it'g4! 'it'g8 S.'it'O 'it'fl 6.'it'e4 'it'g8

7.'it'eS ! and next as in main variant 4.�b4
'it' fl again two possibilities but don't obtain White moves - winning
rescue 4 /4 S.'it'gS 'it'fl 6 .'it'g4; 4 e4 S.
l.gS! l . 'it'e6? g5 ! 2.'it'fS 'it'fl 3 .'it'gS 'it'g7
••• ••
'it'g5 'it'fl6.'it'f4 'it'g8 7.�5 5.�5 f4 S e4

with a draw I 'it'fl 2.�d7 �f8 3.c;t>e6 �vJ
••.
6.'it'f4 6.�g4 � 7.� 0 rM1 8.� e4 �g8

•••
4.�e7 �g8 5.c;t>f6 �b7 6.�fl �b8

• • • ••
• • • B
· . . �.. '�
• • • •
•
� .<it;�
� - � ,
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
9.�e5! gets out of Black f-pawn's square 7. � g6 White conquests sixth row, in similar
with intention to support own pawns in
positions the match is gained for stronger
attack on opponent's king, thus White
realizes victory with aggressive maneuver side no matter who moves 7 �gS Black ••
not looking back on opponent's counter-play king engages opposition, however that is not
9 0 lo.�f6 �b7 1 0 ... t2 I I .'it'g6 fl . 1 2.h7
•••
notable because rule of the sixth row has
a mate 1 1.�fl n 1 2.g8. �h6 13 •g6 a • priority 8.�b6 �b8 9.g6 �8 1 0.g7 �
mate. 11.�b7 and White wins.
36
G. Levenfts h, 1 9S3 E. Sc:bifJen
White moves - winning White moves - winning
l .b7! wins and l .Wd7 Wb7 2.aS. ! WaS In the position in diagram it is possible to
3.�c6 WbS 4.b7 Wa7 S.bS. ! WbS 6.Wb6 reach the victory only with precise king's
1 .�a7 if l ... Wb7 2.aS. ! WaS 3 .Wc7 Wa7
.. maneuver I .cail! itwould be wrong l .We2?
4.b6 pawn promotes l.bS. ! cab8 3.cac:6 Wd6 2.We3 WeS and Bl ack clasps the
rJi;a7 4.cac:7 caa8 5.cab6! White engaged opposition after which a draw occurs, White
sixth row with the king, the precision is king moves diagonally using the Black
important, on S. b6? a stalemate would occur squares e l -f2-g3-h4 1. cad6 l.cag3 cae6
••
5. ..\tb8 Black king is in opposition but that's 3.cab4! important move, it would lead to a
draw 3.Wf4? Wf6 and Black would engage
not enough foc the rescue, as we already
opposition again 3... caf6 4.cab5 cag7 Black
emphasized the rule of the sixth row is more
has no possibility to engage the opposition
pawerful 6.Wa6 if6.Wc6 Wa7 7.Wc7! (7b6?
and because of that loses the battle for the
�a8 ! with a draw] WaS S .Wb6 WbS and sixth row
position is back at the beginning where it
must be played as in main file 6 caa8 7.b6
•••
� 8.b7 cac:7 9.caa7 with win.
Sixth (third) row conqllest
In the previous lesson the rule of the sixth

row is explained and the importance and
signi ficance of this element of pawn 's
endings is emphasized; and now, the way
how to conquer the sixth row is presented.
The opposition is the tool which is used by 5.cag5! White rules the opposition 8:nd
dominant player during the realization of the engages the sixth row which is decisive
basic strategic idea. moment 5 cab7 6.caf6 cag8 7.g5 cars 8!R6
•••
cag8 9.g7 and White wins.

37
CHESS SCHOOL
G. Maroczy F. Mars hall

- a) Double pawns
Monte Carlo, 1 903 M. Euwe, 1 940
Black moves - winning White moves - winning
1. �g4! first the opposition then engaging

••
This example presents the attempt to prove
the third row 2.�h2 �fJ 3.�h3 g4 4.�h2 that inconvenient structure of Black pawns
on queen's side in variant of exchange in
· . � . Spanish match leads to defeat. The chronicle
weakness in Black's position is double
.� . . . pawns on c-file. The decisive influence on
· . . � position evaluation has the White majority
• • • • on king ' s side. The plan of p o s ition
· . .,. advantage realization consists o f several
stages.
� . . •• 1. King's centralization;
• • •
• • • • 2. Pawn's blockade on queen's side;
3. Composition ofpassed pawns on king's
4... �fl! 4 ... g3? 5.�h l ! and draw 5.�hl side which makes Black king declare a)
�g3 6.�gl �h3! and White resigned. if it defends queen 's side (do not allow
White king to penetrate) the passed
pawn is deciding, and b) if it goes for
Deficiency in pawn 's structure passed pawn , then White king has an
open way on queen 's s i d e where
conquers opponent's pawns.
The most common deficiencies in pawn 's
position are: 1.�e2 �e7 2.�e3 �e6 3.f4 cS 4.c4! c6 5.a4
a) double pawns, b5 6.b3! it would be wrong to change pawns
b) isolated pawns. 6.ab5? cb5 7.cb5 ab5 and Black is free from
double pawns 6...f6 7.a5 b4 8.g4 M i les has
proved that White wins also in case 8.f5 �e5
9.g4 g6 1 0.fg6 hg6 1 1 .h4 8... g5 loses 8 ... g6
38
Pawn's endings
9.fS gfs 1 0.efs ! �es 1 l .h3 h6 1 2.h4 hs E. Cohn A. Rublns teln

-
1 3.gh5 <i!ilfS 14.�O (Minev)

St. Petersburg, 1 909

9.e5! winning would be 9.<i!ilO h6 I 0.�g3
�e7 1 1 .h4 <i!ilf7 1 2.hgs hgs 1 3 . �O gf4 The B lack's plan consists of following
14.�f4 c;!jle6 I s.es ! (Miles) 9 .gf4 9 ... fes
•• phases: a) king's arrival on h3, and that as
1O.fgS 10.�f4 fe5 l l .<i!ile4 h6 1 2.h4 <i!ilf6 sumes that opponent must be present on g I
or h l to defend h I pawn; b ) pawn's progress
on king's side; c) pawn's exchange on king's
side.
After abovementioned preparatory measures
the active Black king decides.
1 ... �f6! l.�dl does not help 2.f4 gs! 3.fgs
�gs 4.�d2 �g4 s.�e2 <i!ilh3 6.<i!ilO hs
7.�f4 �h2 1 ... �g5 3.�el 3 . <i!ilc3 �h4
4.� � h3 s .�s �h2 6.�d6 hs 7.bs �
8.<i!ilc7 b6 and h-pawn following decides
3 ... �h4 4.c;!jlfl �h3 5.�gl
13.g5! this pawn is so called Trojan Knight;
with its sacrifice Black king is getting away
from the battle field. White king's penetra
tion on the queen's side is decisive 13 ... hgS
14.hg5 <i!ilgS 14 ... �6 I s .g6 1 5.�e5 �g4
16.�d6 <i!ilf4 1 7.�c6 <i!il e4 1 8.<i!ilc5 <i!ild3
1 9.�b4 <i!ild4 10.<i!ila3 20.cs? <i!ilds ! 2 1 . <i!ilc3
�cs and thematchwould unexpectedly end
with a draw lO... <i!ilc5 11 .<i!ila4 <i!ild4 11.�b4
�e5 13.�c5 and White wins.
In the next example we meet classical pawn
ending where Rubinstein demonstrated play 5 ... e5! beginning of the second phase of the
on passed pawns. plan, also winning would have been s ... gs
39
CHESS SCHOOL
6.bS f5 7.a4 eS 8.aS f4 9.�hl h6 1 0.�gl Black would win (Maizelis) 4 ... a4 S.�c3 cS
h S 6.�hl if6.bS f5 7.�hl h6 8.�gl a6 9.b6 6.g4 rJiJe7 7.�d3 on 7.gS �e6 or 7.hS �f6
g6 1 0.a4 as or 6.e4 gS 7.� h l hS 8 .�gl h4 7 ... �d6 8.�c3 �dS 9.a3 �e6
9.�h l g4 1 O.fg4 �g4 1 1 .�g2 h3 and Black
wins, and in case 6.114 f5 7.�hl gS it is
switched to the position from the match
6 ... bS 7. � gl fS 8 . � h l gS 9 . � g l hS
I O.�hl g4 1O .. .h 4 I l .�gl g4 12.fg4 �g4
1 3 .�g2 h3 14.� g l �O I S .�fl e4and
active Black king resolves l I .e4 defeat
would be 11./g4 hg4 1 2.�gl f4 1 3 .ef4 ef4
14.�h l g3 I S .hg3 fg3 1 6.fg3 �g3 and king
conquers the pawns, or 11./4 e4 1 2.�gl h4
1 3 . �h l g3 14.hg3 hg3 I S . fg3 �g3 and
pawns are down 1I fe4 1 l.fe4 12.fg4 hg4
•••
1 3.�gl e3 ! 14.fe3 e4 I S.�h l g3 1 6.hg3

�g3 1l ... h4 13.�gl g3 14.hg3 hg3 White I O.�d3 does not help 1 0.hS �f6 I l . f4 ef4
resigned, on I S.f4 ef4 1 6.eS g2 1 7.e6 �g3 1 2.0 �eS 1 3 . �d3 b4 14.ab4 cb4 I S.�c4
1 8.e7 0 1 9.e81!V t2 and Black gets mate a3 1 6.�b3 �d4 1 7. �a2 �c3 and Black
effectively. would win Botvinnik IO._�d6 11.� �
1l.�d3 M l3.aM cM 14.�cl �4 I S.
M. Euwe - A. Alekhine �bl a3 1 6.�al �3 and Black would win.
Delft (m/24), 1 935
S. Mirkovic - M. Matulovic
Belgrade, 1 9 89
1 eS! it would be weaker 1 ... bS?! 2.f4! as

•••
3. �fl �e7 4.hS with g4-gS with equal

position (Botvinnik) 1.�f1 bS 3.�el as!
in the match Black mistaken with move 3 ... Double pawns on c and f file present the
cS? and after 4. �e3 ! the opponents accept weakness of White position which is not
a draw 4.�d3 the attempt to exchange possible to correct I ... M! 1.�e3 gS 3.h3
passed pawn does not help, examples 4. �e3 �f5! the safest way, winning was also 3 ... fS
b4 S. f4 ef4 6. �f4 a4 7. �e4 b3 8.ab3 a3 and 4.f4 gf4 S .�d3 �f6 6.�e2 �gS 7.�0 hS
40
Pawn's endings
8.�g2 �f6 9.�f3 �eS 1 0.h4 a6 and there O. Bems tein - E. Las ker
are no more good m oves 4.f4 g4 and White
SI. Petersburg, 1 909
resigns, because of variant S.h4 hS 6.f3 g3.
S. Flobr - J. R. Capablanca
Moscow, 1 935
t cS! 1.�e3 d5 3.0 �f6 4.�f4 as 5.g4

.•

fg4 6.fg4 changes nothing 6.hg4 a4 6 ... a4
7.M d4 8.We4! 8.gS? �g6 9.�g4 d3 1 0.hS
t_� defeat would be 1 ... 'it;dS? 2.�d2 ! �f7 I l . cd3 a3 ! 1 2 . b a 3 c3 with p awn
'it'e4 3.�e2 ! �dS 4.�f3 �S S.h3 ! �dS promotion 8 �g6 9.�f4 a draw.
•••
6.�f4 �e6 7.h4 and White wins, it leads to

a draw 1... rJ;f7 2.�e2 �gG 3 .�f3 �gS 4.h3
Double pawns do not always mean defeat
h4! S.gh4 �h4 6.�f4 �h3 7.�fS �g3 as it could be seen in last two examples.
(Grigorjev) 1.�e1 2.�d2 h4! 3.gh4 f4 4.hS
te3 with a draw (Capablanca) 1 ... �e4! b) Isolated pawn
2 .. h4? 3.gh4 f4 4.hS �fS S.ef4 and White
.
would win J.bJ 3 . � t2 h4! 4.gh4 f4 The isolated pawn's weaknesses are:
I . lack of its defense (king is forced to defend
it) and
2 Its neighboring squares are weak (for
instance, if Black pawn is on dS weak
squares are cS and eS).
Isolated pawn does not have its own pawn's
support, so king is forced to defend it, which
withdraws king's activity. And, weak squares
around it can be of use to opponent's side
for king's penetration.
3-� 3 . . . �eS? 4.�f3 �dS S.�f4 �e6

6.h4 and a pawn is down 4.�t3 �e5! a draw,
on S.h4 �dS ! 6.�f4 �e6 7.�f3 �eS !
41
CHESS SCHOOL
D. VeUmirovlc - G. Sax I.fJ �7 1.�f4 �e7 3.�gS �f7! most

precisely, after 3 .. . �d6 4.hS a draw, could
Amsterdam, 1 976 follow 4... �e7! 4.g4 or 4.hS h6 S .�f4 g6
with same outcame 4 ... �e7 S.bS �f7 6.b6
g6! defeat would be 6 ... gh6? 7 .�h6 �g8
8.f4 �h8 9.gS �g8 1 0.g6 �h8 I l .gh7 eS
1 2.f5 7.�f4 �f6 8.gS �f7 9.�eS � e7 10.f4
�f7 or 1 0 ... �d7 1 1 . �f6 �d6 1 2. �g7 �e7
1 3 .�h7 � t7 1 1 .�d6 �f8 a draw, could
have bc:en followed by 12.�e6 �g8 1 3 .�e7
�h8 and interesting position would occur
where Black although with a pawn less holds
a draw easily.
G. Bareza - H. Golombek
White moves - winning Budapest, 1 952
1.�e4 aS it was played in the match 1 .. �5
.
2.�eS �c4 3.�e6 �b3 4.�t7 and Black

resigns, or on 1 . Glt7 2.�eS �e7 3.a4 �d7
..
4.f4 �e7 S.aS �d7 6.g4 �e7 7.gS �d7

8.gh6 gh6 9.�f6 1.�d4 � 3.�c4 �b6
4.a4 ccttc6 S.f4 � 6.g4 � 7.f5! e5 8.gS!
pawn's penetration decides 8...�d6 9.f6 gf6
IO.gh6 and White wins.
The defense is very hard in most cases for
the opponent with isolated pawn. Next
example illustrates the problems of the weak White moves - winning
side.
Y. Averbakb - A. Karpov 1 .�e3! White has clear position advantage,
opponent's king apart from having to defend
URS (ch), 1 970 isolated pawn on dS it has to defend entering
square eS and cS, in the match it followed
1 .�d4? �d6 2.b4 b6 3 .h4 hS 4.a4 as ! Black
seeks counter-play S.baS haS 6.f4 g6 7.e3
the zugzwang position occurs, Black must
allow opponent's king's entrance in its own
camp, but battle is not over yet 7 .. . �c6
8.�eS �cS 9.�f6 �c4! Black comes to
counter-play 1 0.� g6 �d3 l 1 . � fS �e3
1 2 .�gS d4 1 3 . f5 d3 14.f6 d2 l S . t7 d1 W
1 6 . f8YI Wa4 17.WfS Wb4 1 8.�hS a4 1 9.g4
a3 2 0 . gS Wb2 2 1 . g6 a2 2 2 . WgS � e4
White moves - a draw 2 3 . Wg4 �e3 24.WgS � e4 2S .g7 a 1 W
42
Pawn's endings
26.Y1g6 c;!ilf4 27.g8• • h8 28. Wh6 .h6 A. Belavs ky I. Glek

-
29.�h6 'fYf6 30.c;!ilhS �eS 3 1 . .gS and a Essen, 2000

draw is agreed 1 . _<i&d6 on 1 . . . gS 2.h4 h6
3.hgS hgS 4.f4 g4 S.c;!ild4 �d6 6.b4 b6 7.a4
and Black has no defense 2. <i&f4 <i&e6 3. <i&gS
. . . �
�,. . .,
, . ••• �
• .,.,=
. . . �
�
�. . • .• "
(:Qg
� "rlij
Q]"J .8U
• � � � Black moves - a draw
• • • • In this position White has two isolated
3. c;!teS if3 . . . d4 4.f4 g6 S.�h6 �dS 6.c;!ilh7
.. pawns, also a studious way to a draw.
� 7.c;!ilg6 c;!ile3 8.h4 �e2 9.hS d3 1 0.h6 I ... es! 2.<i&h4 h6? decisive mistake which
d2 I I .h7 d 1 'fY 1 2.h8'fY with gained queen's leads to defeat, it would lead to a draw 2 ... e3 !
ending 4.a3 bs s.b4 <i&e4 6.h4 played with 3 . fe3 h6 4.c;!ilg3 c;!ile6 S.c;!ilO �d6 6.c;!ile4
intention to weaken opponent's pawn c;!ile6 7.h3 c;!ild6 8.h4 c;!ile6 9.hS gS (Belavsky)
structure, the threat is hS-h6 6.. .d4 6 ... c;!ileS 3.<i&g3 gs 4.e3 <i&e6 s.f4! <i&f6 on S. . eJ3 .
7.hS c;!ile4 8.h6 7.hs h6 this is practically 6.c;!ilO c;!ile7 7 .c;!ile4 c;!ile6 8.h3 and White
educed, otherwise White would himselfplay would win, or 5. ef4 6.ef4 c;!ile7 7.h4 gh4
..
h6 and king would have an easy target 8.<i&g6 8. c;!ilh4 c;!ilf6 9.c;!ilg3 with same outcame 6.fgS
f4 unique way for counter-play 9.gf4 <i&f4 <i&gS 7.<i&h3 and Black resigns.
IO.� <i&gS
Transition in pawn 's ending
For correct transition in pawn's ending it

is necessary:
a) knowledge of typical positions and ele
ments with characteristically strategic ideas
b) a precise evaluation of the variants, and
c) and a value of the position that occurs.
1. Material advantage realization
Typical p l an consists of returning the

1I.0! <i&f4 1 1 . .. c;!ilhS 1 2.�f6 �h4 1 3 .c;!ileS material in order to transit in pawn's ending.
U.<i&h6 <i&e3 13.<i&g6 �e2 14.h6 d3 Is.h7 It is very important to correctly evaluate the
dl I6.h8't!V d l 'fY 1 7.'t!Ves �f2 1 8.f4 and position which would occur as a result of
White has winning position (Bondarevsky). transformation.
43
CHESS SCHOOL
W. Lombardy R. Fis cher

- l .d6! lac4 educed, if l . ..g4 2 . 'i!;le3 lac4
3 . lac7 lac7 4.dc7 �c7 S . � f4 with same
USA (ch), 1 960/6 1
position as in the match 2.lac7 lac7 3.dc7
�c7 and a material balance occurred but

1 ... lac3! on 1 ... lac7 2.laa1 a6 3.hS lacd7
4.laaS gS S.hg6 hg6 6.bS abS 7.f4 lad3 8.'i!;l f2 4.�g4! better White king's position decides
and Black has the upper hand but a direct 4 ... �d6 4 ... f6 S.�fS and both pawns are
way to victory is not visible 2.be3 laeS down S.�gS �eS S . 'i!;le6 6.f4 6.f4 �e6
. .
3.�d2 lael 4.�el �dS S.�d2 �c4 6.hS 6 .. . '�e4 7.'i!;lf6 'i!;lt3 8.c;;t> n �g3 9.fS 7.g4
b6 7.�c2 gS! 8.h6 if 8.hg6 hg6 9.f4 as and Black resigns because of the variant
1 0.baS baS 1 1 .'i!;lb2 a4 1 2.'i!;la3 'i!;lc3 13 .'i!;la4 7 ... 'i!;le7 8.fS 'i!;le8 9.'i!;lf6 �f8 1 0.gS 'i!;lg8
'i!;ld4 14.�bS �e4 l S.�c6, or 8. 'it'd2 as 1 1 .� e 7 � g 7 1 2 . f6 � g6 1 3 . � f8 �gS
9.baS baS 1O.'i!;lc2 a4 1 1 .'i!;lb2 'i!;ld3 1 2.h6 f4 14.'i!;ln
1 3 .gf4 gf4 and Black wins 8... f4 9.g4 as
I O .baS baS I I .�b2 a4 1 2. � a3 � c 3 2. Position advantage realization
13.�a4 � d 4 1 4.�b4 �e3 and White
resigns. Position advantage is related to pieces and
S. Mirkovic - D. Ilic pawn's position. Better pawn 's standing
Kladovo, 1 990 automatically retreats the smaller number of
weaknesses in own position. Typical pawn's
weaknesses are double and isolated pawns.
The pieces stand the best in the center of the
table from where they have possibility to
control a larger number of squares. Because
of that it is recommended to pay attention
to pieces' centralization. Because oftheir bed
position opponent's or own pawns can very
often have a bad influence on pieces'
activity, i.e. can deduct useful squares for
pieces.

44
Pawn's endings
G. Kas parov - M. Vuldc: S. Bogdanovic: - M. Milovanovic:
Banja Luka, 1 979 corr. 1 9S0
White moves - winning Black moves - winning

L.if6! after l .llg1 White would have the With minor pieces exchange Black transits
upper hand, but with transition in pawn's in winning pawn's ending 1 ... ltldS! 1.c:dS
ending winning is forced 1 gf6 1.lildl and
••• ltl e4 3.ltle4 on 3 . � e2 Itld6 4.ed6 <st>fS
Black resigns, on 2 . . . 11d l 3.<st>dl <st>d6 (3 ... S. <st>d3 <st>eS 6.<st>d4 <st>d7 7. <st>c3 <st>d6 S. <st>c4
'it'c5 4.gS ! fgS S . fgS hgS 6.h61 4.gS fgS S.fgS bS 9.�d4 b4 and Black would win 3._fe4
rt;e7 6.gh6 <st>f8 7.b4 �gS S.bS <st>h7 9.ba6 4.d6 � n S.d7 �e7 6.e6 d3 7.�e3 bS
ba6 l O.cS pawn's brake through decides. S.�dl b4 9.g4 bg4 IO.bS
B. Lars en - W. Ublmann
Las Palmas (m/9), 197 1
IO e3! it was played in the match 1 0 ... g3?

•••
I l .h6 g2 1 2.h7 g l . 1 3.dS. <st>dS 14.hS.

<st>e7 I S .• g7 �e6 16 .• eS also a draw is
agreed here because 16 ... �d7 1 7 .• fS! �c7
( 1 7 ... gfS stalematel I S .• eS �dS 1 9 .• bS
with eternal check 1 l .�e3 or 1 1 .�d3 b3
1 2.h6 b2 1 3 .�c2 e2 1 4�h7 b l . I S . <st> b l
1 .td6! �d6 1.�f4 �dS 3.bS! pawn's
• e l . and Black would win 1 l g3 1l.b6 gl
•••
brake through 3 .abS 4.a6 �c:6 S.�e4 b4

•• 13.�tl dl 1 4.dSe �dS I S.b7 gl . 1 6.
6J'4 and Black resigns. �gl dl . and Black would win.
4S
CHESS SCHOOL
1 Fight for a draw S. Flohr V. Ragozln

-
Moscow, 1 936
In the following examples the weaker side
is forcing transition in pawn's ending where
it can successfully organize.
S. Tivlakov - I Sokolov
.
Linares, 1 995
1 �d6! 1.�f4 :tc6! 3.:tc6 � 4.�f5

• ..
�dS S.�f6
In a very unpleasant situation Sokolov is

forcing transition in a draw ending in the
following manner 1 :tc7! 1 .tc7 �c7
••• •
3.�S �c6 4.�f4 �bS S.�e4 �aS 6.�d4

�bS 7.�S as! 8.�d4
S � e4! 5 ... �d6 6.g5 �d5 7.�g7 �e5

•••
8.�h7 �f5 9.g6 and White wins 6.�g5

6.�g7 � f4 6 �e3 7.�h6 �f4 8.g5 �f5
•••
a draw.
Wrong evaluation
The side which has advantage forces pawn's

It seems that Black has no trumps anymore; ending with purpose to easily come to
meanwhile 8 ... �a4 9.�c4 a stalemate rea lization. Meanwhile, because of the
occurs which is rare in tournamen t ' s wrong evaluation in arisen pawn's ending
practic8. the weaker side successfully rescues itself.
46
Pawn's e ndings
L. Aronln - V. Smyslov
Moscow, 1 95 1
9.c3 not until now Black's idea is visible,

on 9.�c4 fS! I D.ef S lor \O.�d3 f4 I \ .g f4
e t" 1 2 .�,,2 �hS l 3.eS �g6 14.�t2 �fS
White moves - winning with winl e4! and Black would win 9 aS •.
IO.cb4 aM a draw.
1.¥ �h7 l.ng7? wrong dr��sion.because
pawn's ending is not gained, it would lead
to vh..10ry 2.ne8! �g6 J .ne7! ne7 4.ltJe7
Transition in other endings
Z...fig7 3. t!Z:)g7 �g7 4.g4 necessary move
Pawn's end ings c an ea sily transit in to
because oth erwise B lac k would at tain
queen 's endings or queen against pawn's
counter-play by f6- fS
ending, an d a promotion into rook, bishop
or knight is very rare. In that case the
possi bilities are: a) to play for mate b)
queen's conquest c) queen's e.�hange and
transition in pawn's ending d) promotion
into rook, bishop or knight.
a) To playfor male
L. Prokes, 1 950
4. hg3 ! Aronin was convinced that he would

••
win very quickly after 4 . . . �f7 S.�e2 �e6

6.�d3 �d6 7.�c4 as 8.f3 �d7 9.�cS �c7
W.c3 bc3 1 1 .bc3 �b7 1 2.�d6 �b6 1 3 .c4
�b7 1 4 .cS s.fg3 g4! co uld seem that Black
viol ates elem enta ry end ing's principle
because it created distant passed pawn to
opponent, but as it can be seen Smyslov's
tine idea 5 based on concrete evaluation of
the variants 6.h4 cS 7.�el 'it>h7 8.�d3 'it>h6 White moves - winning
47
CHESS SCHOOL
1 .�f5! it would be wrong l .eS? because l.d5 �e5 3.�c:5! 3 a4 or 3 . . . f4 4.d6 �e6
•••
l ...�g6 with a draw 1 �h6 1 . . .gS 2.eS g4

••• S.�c6 f3 6.d7 12 7.d8. ft . 8 .• e8 �fS
3 .e6 g3 4.e7 g2 S.e8. and White withdraws 9 .• n 4.d6 �e6 5.�c:6 a3 6.d7 al 7.d8"
queen with a check l.e5 �h7 3.'ite6! 3.e6? al. 8.. e8! �f6 9. "hi and Black loses
�g8 gives only a draw 3 015 •• the queen.
c) Queen :r exchange and transition in

pawn :' ending
N. Grigoriev, 1 929
4.�f7! just like this, it would lead to a draw

4.�d7? g4 S .e6 g3 6.e7 g2 7.e8. g l .
4 g4 5.e6 g3 6.e7 gl 7.e8W gl . queens
•••
appeared simultaneously, but White mates

in the following manner 8. "e4 �h6 9. "h4
a mate.
I .M! �e7 on l ...ab4 2 .aS b3 3 . a6 b 2 4 .�c2
b) Queen :' conquest f3 S.a7 and White withdraws a queen first
lobS �d6 3.�el �e6 4.�tJ �e5 5.�g4!
A. Selesniev, 1 927 �e4 6.b6 tJ 7.�g3! �e3 8.b7 n 9.b8"
n"
White moves - winning IO."e5! �dl on IO ... �d3? 1 1 . fibS 1 1 .

fia5 � d I 1l."d5 �c:1 13."c:5 � d l 14.
1 .�c:4! it would be wrong l .�cS? a4 2.dS "d4 �c:l if 1 4 ... �e2 I S .fic4 or 14 . . . �el
a3 3.d6 a2 4.d7 al . S.d8• • cl 6.�bS I S . fial with win in both cases 1 5. fin with
1...�f4 1 ... a4 2.dS and White would win exchange of the queens and White wins.
48
Pawn's endings
d) Promotion into rook. bishop or knight
An unusual transformation ofpawn's ending

which occurs after pawn's promotion into
rook, bishop, or knight is dealt with in this
lesson. The basic idea consists of the
following: the superior side can only gain a
stalemate position with promotion into
queen; and to avoid this situation promotion
into rook, bishop or knight is performed.
This idea is very rare in practice but is there
it studies.
6.h8n! and White wins, 6.hS.? stalemate.
Rook's promotion
A. Troitzky, 1 9 1 7
A. O. H erbstman, 1 92S

White moves - winning 1 .b4! �h3 2.�n if2.bS? �g2 3.a6 h3 4.ab7
h2 S .bS. h i . a mate 2 ... �h2 3.b5 h3 4.a6
Lh4 �g2 a king has no possibility to catch �hl 5.a7 h2
a pawn but has chance to try witty defense
by stalemate 2.�f4! it would be wrong 2.hS?
'i&g3 3.�e2! [3 .h6 f4 4.�d4 f3 S .h7 t2
6.hS. fl . in occurred queen 's ending
Black has advantage) �g2 4.�e3 �g3 S.h6
f4 6.�e2 �g2 7.h7 f3 S. �e3 t2 9.hS. fl .
with a draw 2 ...� h3 3.h5 �h4 4.h6 �h5
5.h7 �g6
6.a8n! in case 6.aS. stalemate occurs, if

49
CHESS SCHOOL
White tries 6.a8� it would follow 6 . . . b6 N. Kralin, 1 965

6 .b6 7.laaS baS S.b6 a4 9.b7 a3 10.bS.
••
new transfonnation, transition into queen

against pawn's ending 10 al l l .WaS mate,
•••
or 1 1 . Wb7 mate.
Bishop's promotion
L. B. Salklnd, 1 9 1 6
1 .�c6! it would be wrong l .�b6? b4 2.a7

b3 3 . �a6 b2 4.�b6 b U r and Black wins
1 b4 1.�b6 b3 3.a7 b1 4.�a6
•••
J.ci!ilcl! hgS l ...hS 2.g6 h4 3.g7 h3 4.g8,A. ,

h2 S.,A.dS and White would win 1.f6 g4 3.17
g3
4. b l .A.! this is a chance to play for victory,

••
if 4._ bl l!fstalemate occurs, and on 4 bl �

•.•
it would follow S .�bS and Black would

have to consider a draw S.�b6 Ae4 6.�c5
AD 7.e4! on 7.�d6? e4 8 .�eS i.hS 9.�e4
Ae8 1 0. � fS hS I l .e4 �a7 1 2 .eS �a6
1 3 .�f6 �aS 14. �e7 i. a4 I S . �d6 �b4
1 6.e6 � c4 1 7 .e7 �d4 and B l ac k wins
4.f8A ! promotion into queen or rook would 7 A e4 S.�d6 AD 9.�eS i.hS 1 0.�f6
•••
lead to stalemate 4.f8. g2 S . • cS g l .' Adl l l .hS! AbS 1 l.�g7 with a draw.
6 .•g1 and stalemate 4 g1 S.AcS and White
•••
wins, on S . . . g I . 6 . i. g l and p l ay o n
stalemate is eliminated.
so
Pawn's endings
Knight's promotion
H. Fahrni, 1 923
7_.bllll in case 7_. bl !V stalemate occurs

on 7 bl� 8.�b6 Ad3 9.�c5 �a7 1 O.�ct4
•••
Aft I I .�e3 �a6 1 2.�t2 Ag2 1 3.�e3 �a5

White moves - a draw 1 4.�t2 �b5 1 5 .� g l �c4 1 6. �t2 �d3
1 7.�gl and Holzhausen's position from
I.We7! the idea of this move is not visible 1 9 1 0 would appear which is a draw 8.�b6
right away; a king is getting closer to pawos lll d 1 9.�c5 lllf3 1 0.�d5 lll hl l l.�e4 lll g4
on I I ...lll f l 12.�f3 h2 1 3 .�g2 with a draw
on a-file I . ..M l.d6 cd6 3.�d6 b3 4.�c6
1l.�f3 hl 13.�gl and theoretical draw
�b8 5.�b6 bl 6.a7 w as 7.�a6
occurs, White moves with a king on g2 and
hI.
51
�� T TlN"O
Miraculous world of combinations
This part deals with theory of combination (bases) for example, a base with
in d et a i l s , the b a s i s o f which l a ys i n combinations i n wh ich pawn, queen, queen
Botvinik's definition. The ai m i s to represent and rook is sacrificed. In that way it is easier
a new way of systematization of material for a chess player to prepare hi mself and
which can fairly ease the preparation of this enables easier understanding and defining
segment of chess playing. It is about the new principles. The best re sult s i n practice
classification ofcombinations related to the were achieved by grand mas ter Niko)a
sacri fi c e d fi g u r e . The fi r s t round o f Sedlak, who a ccepted this approach in full.
systematization is presented, which includ es Tradi t i o n a l app roach w h i c h d i v i d e s
cases of sacrificin g the fi gure in pure shape, c o m b i n a t i o n s i n gr o u p s b y t o p i c , fo r
fcc instance, queen, rook etc. instance, drawing away, conducting etc. is
It is recommended to make thematic files obsol ete for intertw ining of elements.
ss
GM NIKOLA SEDLAK
How to progress in tactics
On the tournament in Budapest in a game Wf6 5.c5! 3 lOh7 4.gh7 WfB S.gh8 Wf7
•••
against his "old" opponent, hungarian 6.gh7 WfB 7.lOd7 Wg8

internationalist Sandor Kustar, the following
position was made
N. Sedlak - S. Kus tar

Budapest, 2002
8.ge7! 8.lOb8? Wh7 9.lOc6 Ac6 8 ge7 it•••
would be weaker 8 . . . lOe7 9 . lO b 8 geb8

1 0.ed6 would have won also 9.lOb8 gb8
10.ed6 gd7 1 1 .eS it is all over now, White
realized his advantage in the following
i.lDf6! Wf7 l . ..gf6 2.ef6 Af6 3. 'fWf6 and manner 1l ...lOe7 1 2.-td4 -tdS 13.lOaS lOe8
White would win 2.�hS g6 3. �h7! winning 14.-teS ga8 lS.-te4 Wf7 1 6. -t dS edS
would have been slight 3 .'fW h6 Af6 4.ef6 17.lOe6 and Black resigns.
The combination represented developed after hard work of several years by the new
systematization of material, which I accepted from the author of this book. This system is
good and it helped me to develop tactical abilities. That is, in two things I achieved progress:
I gained sense for combinations and approved calculation of variants. I believe that this
system enables easier discovering and defining of new principals of combining.
COl!lbinations made in relation to the sacrifice are easier to remember.
56
It took centuries to develop the art of chess

HISTORICAL SURVEY
slowly and securely and chess combinations
live to see their renaissance in XIX century,
The fi rst great chess player to induce
when a large number of great combiners
comb inations in practice was Gioachino
occurred, two of which that surely should
Greca ( 1 600-1 634). He can righteously be
be separated are Paul Morphy and Adolf
called ''father'' of chess combination. It is
Andersen.
not intended to lessen the importance of his
pedecessors Lucena, Lopes and others, but P. Morphy - Duke KarllCount Isouard
to emphasize that Greco was the first real
professional in the history of this ancient Paris, 1 858
game. He lived in hard times and conditions,
when every opinion opposing the church was
sentenced and punished, as it happened to
Giordano Bruno ( 1 548- 1 600) who paid his
freedom of thought with his life, burned at
the stake on the Flower square in Rome, after
having refused to resign his studies. We do
not know if Greco had any problems with
Inquisition, and there are some indications
that church did not pay much attention to
chess. Greco had and exquisite talent for
combinations and was a chess genius of his
kind. The following example taken from his White moves - winning
book printed in 1 65 2 proves it (he played Diagram presents the ending of the game
with unknown opponent). played in a theatre in Paris between two acts
ofa play.
Amateur - G. Grec:o Urb8! tLIb8 2 .§.d8 mate.
•
Europa, 1 620
L. Paulsen - P. Morphy
USA (ch) IVm/6, 1 857

I . �tl 2.<i!ilel �d3 ! 3.<i!ildl Wet ! 4.tLI e1
..
lbtl mate. Black moves - winning

57
CHESS SCHOOL
1 tWO ! l.gO fIg6 3.�hl Ah3 4.lidl

••• I have always pitied a man to whom chess is
4.Yld3 5 5. Ylc4 � f8 ! 6.Ylh4 A ft 7.h3 Ag2 unknown, as I would pity a man to whom
8.�h2 An 4... Agl 5.�gl iJ3 6 � n Agl
. love is unknown. Chess has power to make
faster way to win would have been 6. . .lig2 ! people happy.
7.Yld3 liQ 8.�g l lig2 9. �h l ligl mate,
Zigbert TarllSh
path chosen by Morphy was slightly longer
7.�gl Ah3 0r 7 ... Ae4! 8.�ft Af5 ! 9.Yle2
is done and certain assumptions are made
Ah3 I O.�el lig l mate 8.�h t In 9.tWft
for defining unknown phenomena and
Aft to.lift liel and White resigned soon. principles.
It can be said with certainty that the two
F. Riemann - A. Anderssen geniuses, the two gi gantic minds, great
initiators 0 fprogress each in his own area
Breslau, 1 876 had the same idea in fundament. In every
position one of the elements has dominant
role and based on that the evaluation of the
position is made as well as the decision fa
further plans of the game. As Herbert
Spencer endeavored to systematize all the
areas o f experience based on ideas of
development, adjustment and progress, thus
Steinitz similarly induced in chess the idea
"The ba lance is estab lished in starting
position". This thesis sounded fantastically
and was criticized and condemned harshly.
First to support the new theory were great
Black moves - winning people Zigbert Tarash and Emanuel Lasker.
Logical question arises: To what extent has
1 ... tW O ! l.gO A h3 3.�fl 3 . � g l lie l the theory of positioned game influenced the
4. � Ab4 mate 3 AM White resigns, on
•••
development of chess combinatorial art? The
4.�g l lie l 5 .Ylft lift mate. same way as building a house starts from
foundations, so does the positional game
represent accumulation, that is, building and
Steinitz's theory of positioned game marked addition of minor advantages. Accumulated
XIX century and represented breakpoint in advantages in one moment reach peak and
the chess development. Chess consists of are usually followed by lightning in form of
final number of elements Steinitz taught. effective combination. I n other words,
Each element has its specific features and heal thy p os i t i o n a l game represents
undergoes certain rules. Similar to chemistry preparational phase for combination. At the
in Mendeleev's Periodic system of elements beginning of XX century a new epoch takes
in which each element separately represents place in which Capablanca and especially
a basis of its kind. By j o ining simple Alekhine specialize the technique of attack
elements and analyzing them one enters the and the technique of combining. Capablanca
maze of unknown. Fundamental point of gave �ome clarification and precision to the
Steinitz's theory and Mendeleev's Periodic technique of leading the attack. Capa's so
System represent the defining offundament called small combinations are famous, such
on basis ofwhich systematization of material as:
58
R. Raubitschek - J. R. Capablanca M. Botvinnik - L. Portisch

New York, 1 906 Monte Carlo, 1 968

I._�! z.�n .i.e4 3.�c4 litgt mate. l.litlc6! bc6 Z.litf7! h6 3.litb7 tWc:8 4.tWc4
�h8 5.�h4! tWb7 6.�g6 �h7 7.1.e4 1.d6
A. A1ekhine - Nestor 8.�e5 g6 9.1.g6 �g7 IO.1.h6! and Black
resigns.
Trinidad, 1 93 9
At the beginning of the 60's his meteoric
leap to world's peak Mihail Tal crowned
with winning the title of world's champion.
Tal 's speciality was intuitive sacrifices on
the basis of which he deduced a number of
nice combinations:
M. Tal M. Najdorf
-
Leipzig (01), 1 960
Utc&! litc:8 z. ee7! and Black resigns.
It is possible that former world champion

Mihail Botvinnik most profoundly realized
comp licated mechanism of chess
combination. Besides interesting ideas and
thoughts M ihail Botvinnik contributed
greatly with h i s studious work to
systematization of chess combinations, l.lite4! de4 Z.1.f6! tWb6 3.1.g7 litre8 4.1.e5
which will be mentioned later on. tWg6 5.�h6 � 6.15 and Black resigns.
59
CHESS SCHOOL
B. Spassky - V. Smyslov for F i s ch e r ' s great populari ty. Chess

qualities, first o f all high class play, are
Bucharest, 1 953
surely on the first place. Fischer influenced
the improvement of material state of chess
players, the enlargement of fees and prizes
on tournaments.
R. Fischer - Di Camillo
Washington, 1 956
The tenth world champion Boris Spassky

was known fo r excellent positional
preparation for combinations. He was a kind
of "chess chameleon", because he adjusted
his game to opponents. His style represented
synthesis of positional and combin a tory White moves - winning
game, and he defeated Smyslov as follows:
t .Ac7! ll:\f4 on l . . .lic7 2.lie8 2.�n and
t.ll:\g7! lid6 1 ...r#;; g7 2.Iig3 r#;; f8 3.lif7! r#;; f7
Black resigned, because in all variants White
(or3 .. :fWf7 4."fJh6 "fJg7 5. "fJg7 mate) 4."fJf4
gains decisive material advantage.
"fJf6 5 .'fH6 mate 2.ll:\e6 and Black resigns.
After winning the title of world's champion ·
Boris Vasilievic made chess his second R. Letelier Martner - R. Fischer
occupa tion. He treated chess semi Leipzig (01), 1 960
professionally and a logical fall i n the game
could be seen.
Turning point in chess development was
made by Robert Fischer, and it all began after
he had won the title of world's champion in
1 972 in Rejkjavik. Chess expanded in every
way and period of full professional ism
began, the period of so-called atomic chess
which lasts even nowadays.
The eleventh world 's champion Robert
James Fischer made revolution in chess
development. After the World War 11 world's
Black moves - winding
champions were exclusively form USSR.
With Fischer on the scene Soviets lost t lie3! 2.lie3 lie3 3. �e3 ttf4! and White
•••
primateship. Maybe it is one of the reasons resigns.

60
Definition ofcombination A. Mista - N. Sedlak

Hallsberg, 2004
In former U S SR, in the middle of XX
century, great discussion was held among
theoret icals concerning d e finition o f
combination. Opinions were various.
P. Rom anovsky in h i s capital book
"M idd legame" defines combination as
follows:"Combination is a variant (or a
group of variants) in which both sides play
zugzwang moves and ends with objective
benefit fa active side." A detailed comment
and analysis of this definition was given by
former world's champion Mihail Botvinnik.
Romanovski 's formulation includes large Black moves - winning
number of combinations, for instance:
L .i.b4! 2.c3 �d4 3.cb4 �b3 4."15 h6!
••
C. Cozio, 1 766 5 .,h4 � a l 6.laal �h7 and Black won.

•
Variant is educed for both sides and ends as

Black gains decisive material advantage.
By Roma novsky 's d e fi n i t i o n it is a
combination, but of course, there is no
combination, since B lack conducted a
maneuver. Even more convincing example
is the fol lowing study made by Check
grandmaster Richard Reti, which we have
already seen in Part One ''Square rule".

R. Reti, 1 922
After l.b6! cb6 on 1 ..ab6 2.c6 bc6 3 .a6 with
.
pawn's promotion 2.a6 ba6 3.c6 Black king

is outside the square and has no posibility
to stop the pawn, White draws queen and
gains decisive advantage.
In this case moves were forced for both
sides. It goes without saying that it is a
combination too, since it results from
Romanovsky's definition.

61
CHESS SCHOOL
1 .'i!;>g7! h4 2.�r6 h3 3.'i!;>e7 h2 4.c7 �b7 remember for a m oment B o t vinni k ' s
S.!i!fd7 d e fi ni t i o n of combination: "Chess
co m bi n ati o n i s fo rced m an euver w i th
There is no combination here; it is about sacrifice that leads to positive aim" . In this
effective maneuver, so that Romanovsky's definition two parts are important, sacri fice
de finiti on does n ot uncover the essen ce o f and aim. The a i m directs the way of a
the matter. combination from the beginn in g to the end,
influences every si ngle move and proves to
The a n s wer to the question what is the
d i ffe r e nc e bet w een c o m b i na t i o n a nd
be decisive factor of the combination. The
aim of a combination is like a goal of every
maneuver is - sacrifice!
action, unique and i nseparab l e, a factor that
Sacrifice is characteristic fora combination. puts all the parts of the action together in
A chess pia yer learns from his first moves one whole. That is the reason to start the
that a pawn is equally strong as another analysis of Botvinik's definition from the
pawn, a rook approximately strong as three aim. Divis ion of aims of combinations is
pawns, a bishop stronger than a knight etc. done on the following basis: does fu l fi lling
in a combination this relation is extremely of the aim si mu lta neo u sly solve the outcome
di sturbed. Potency of figures is changed in of the game or does it represent a condition
a certai n degree because a sacr i fice i s for a further action, i.e., is merely a link in
present. A s a result 0 f a combination, again, chain of actions.
when the situation ca lms down, values of
figures are back to previou s state, a pawn Thus, there are two kinds of actions:
equal to a pa wo etc. a) actions that solve the outcome of the
There are two sorts of maneuver: game, i.e., lead to a mate or a draw
a) positional, when moves of the opponent b) acti ons that do not represent a final
are not educed
solution, but merely meet preterm for further
operations
b) fo rced, for instance Retj's study
From the above follows division of aims in
What makes a combination d ifferent from a four groups:
forced maneuver?
I mate combinations
Forced maneuver is a maneuver without a
sacrifice, and characteristics are obvious
11 combinations for making a draw
since figures (or groups of figures) are I I I combinations for achieving material
moved from one position to another. advantage
There is a phrase often found in comments IV combinations for a c h i e ving c e r t a i n
of chess game, "wonderful combination" positional mark
although there is no sacrifice in the game.
Aims under I and 1 1 represent at the same
We have every right to conclude that in those
time the final outcome of the game. These
cases a terminological mistake was made.
combinations are fi nal and
Combining p l a yi ng chess is not about mere noncompromi sing, t h u s more re l i able in
moving offigures or "elegance of the game", essence. For their real i zation it is n ec essary
but fulfilling a certain aim. Even
before to sati sfy a nu m b er of conditions, which is
making a combination a player sees that a i m , far more d i ffi cult than doing it to gain
and when he comes to it, the aim uncovers material and positiona l combi natio n for
and makes sense to his game. Let us groups under I I I and IV.
62
M i raculous world of combinations
Mentioned d i v i s i o n o f combinations anthological example, but we are interested

according to the aim was for many years the in its main feature which makes it typical
official classification of"Chess Informant". for a whole big group of forced mate
As it could be seen, the aim represents combinations without branches. Forced
merely a part of a complex mechanism of maneuver lasted eight moves, it is true that
combination andshowsonlyone ofits sides. White missed faster mate, but it does not
The other part is sacrifice as we have already lessen in any case the beauty and importance
mentioned. The aim and the sacrifice, of the combination. Edvard Lasker had to
although divided in a way, together make a see all eight forced moves and was not
whole of the mechanism of combination.
troub led by branches or unex pected
i ntermoves o f the opponent. Eight
/) Mate combinations successive forced moves are easier to
calculate than t w o moves with several
For a successful mate all the figures can be branches. That is why the combination
sacrificed and this sort of combination is shown is a good example for i mportant
independent from material and positional s i m p l i city of strictly force d m ate
marks, except for those that stipulate them. combinations.
As examples for vigorousness of mate
combinations we can use the following
cases.
R. Reti - S. Tartakower
Vienna, 1 9 1 0
Eel. Lasker G. A. Thomas
-
London, 1 9 1 2
White moves - winning The solution is effective and unexpected.

B r i l l i ant combination conducted by
UJh7! �h7 1.lll f6 �h6 2 ... �h8 3 .111 g6 grandmaster Reti is hard to find I .• d8!
mate 3.111eg4 �gS 4.h4 faster would mate �d8 1.AgS White sacrificed queen aiming
4.f4! �h4 (4 ... <it> f4 S.g3 �O 6.0-0 mate) that king directs itself to square d8 where it
S.g3 <it>h3 6.Afl Ag2 7.111 f2 mate 4... <it>f4 comes under fire of rook and bishop here
5.g3 �f3 6.Ae1 6.0 0! gf6 7 .111 h 2 mate
-
Black resigned because: a) 2 ... �e8 3 .lad8
6...<it>g1 7.l:lhl �gl 8.�dl mate. mate b) 2 ... <it>c7 3 . Ad8 mate, so that in this
This combination entered literature as an case branches are elementary.
63
CHESS SCHOOL
A. Ramos - Y. Alonso
Cuba, 1 998
White moves
In this position White played 1 .�dS better

White moves - winning solution i<l 1 .�e6! .h4 2 . .ibS �c8 3 .�c5
deS 4 .• g7 lig8 S ••eS .gS with White's
1. "hS! .ih8 1.lihS rtJg7 on 2 . . . rtJh8 3 . .i f6 minimal advantage L . ... h4 sacrifice must
rtJg8 4.lih l with undefendable mate on h8 be accepted, an the rest would lose 1 .ibS
•
3.lih7! rtJh7 if 3 .-.�g8 4 . .if6 �h7 S .lih l rtJd8 3.g3 ttgS 4.h4
�g8 6.lih8 mate 4.i.f6 g5 S.fS efS 6 .in! •
.ie4 7.de4 and Black resigns because he

cannot avoid mate in two moves.
11) Combinations for maJcing a draw
There are many ways to make a draw in

comb inatory way. We are primarily
interested in the following ways that most
often occur as the aim of combinations:
1 . repeating moves At first it seems that Black is loosing because
his queen is attacked which defends position
2. eternal check e7, but still there is an answer that saves the
3. stalemate game 4_.ihS! S.tte6 only, on S.hgS? .in
and Black would win S .ig4 stops mate on
•••
4. simplifying to theoretical draw d7 and again attacks White queen 6.ttn

.ihS 7."e6 .ig4 and this tense situation
t. Repeating moves ends with balance of repeated moves which
both players must agree upon so they do not
loose.
An exam p l e fo r t h i s kind of draw i s If one of the moves repeated contains the
represented on the following diagram: attack on opponent's king then it is the
question of eternal check.
64
M iraculous world of combinations
1. Eternal e:hee:k A. Fritz J. H. Blae:kburne

-
Frankfurt, 1 887
E. Lasker A. Nlmzowltse:h
-
St. Petersburg, 1 9 1 4
1 �h4! if 1 . . .• 0 then decides 2.gte8!

• ••
White moves - a draw salvation is in the next combination 2 •r6!

•
�g8 3.ge7 gtg2 4.�hl gtgl and draw.

Lasker did not like this position and he
decided to force a draw l.gtf7! gtf7 2.lIe6 3. Stalemate
!:id7 2... �b8 3 .• e8 �a7 4 .• 0 3.�e5 J.e5
To make a stalemate combination
4.•e8draw on 4 .• e8 r/;c7 S .• eS �c8
successful, it is necessary t o fulfill the
6.'ite8 �c7 7 .•eS with eternal check.
following conditions: a) king ofthe side that
conducts combination is in situation that has
K. Opoc:ensky A. Kotov
- no free move; b) the side that is stalemated
Prague, 1 946 is forced to get rid of the rest of moving
figures and pawns by means of sacrifice.
w. Browne A. Planlne:
-
Wijk aan Zee, 1 974
White found the following possibility l .e4!

.te4 2.J.g7! �g7 3. "'g5 �h8 4. ",r6 �g8
and draw because White gives eternal check. Black moves - a draw
6S
CHESS SCHOOL
Both mentioned conditions that make the A. Miles - M. Nedobora

combination correct are fulfilled. Black king
Sevilla, 1 994
does not have moves and queen must be
sacrificed to make stalemate position
1 . .. t!9hl! 1 . � f3 on 2.cit'fl .fl! 3 . cst fl
stalemate l ... t!gel! figure that prosecutes
king and at the same t i m e sacrifi c e s
successively many times is called "made
figure", longer way to a draw would be in
case 2 . . . • fl ! ? 3 . cstg4 .g2 4.cstfS . f3
S.csteS IS.cste6 . f7 ! with stalemate) .f4!
6.cstdS .eS 7.cstc6 .c7! 8.�dS .eS 9.cstc4
.bS 1O.'it>d4 .eS and White is not able to
avoid eternal check 3.�g3 .gl! and draw
since White is forced to take queen in order
to keep his own. White moves - remi
White king is in stalemate, for a draw it is
Rodriguez - V. Valsman
necessary to get rid forcibly of heavy figures,
Bucharest, 1 9 74 which is done as follows UU8! ID8 1.lifB
�f8 3. t!9f7 �f7 and stalemate.
M. Waiter G. Nagy
-
Oyor, 1 924
Black can sacrifice knight and queen, but

what about pawn? L .. �fl! l .tfl pawn is
•
blocked, White is not able to play 2.csth2

because of 2 .... h4 3.�gl .g3 1 ... t!9h3! Black moves - a draw
queen "goes mad" 3.�gl .g4 4.�hl t!9h3!
draw. Successively sacri ficing rook and queen
Black conducts the following stalemate
For this kind of combinations there is a larger combination 1.. lih3! 1.�h3 educed, king's
.
number of examples, not only for practical retreat on g 1 or g2 would lead to defeat,
importance, but for theoretical curiosity of because Black would take bishop with rook
technique which the combiner uses to 1... t!ge6! Black gets rid of the final active
escape. figure 3. 'f!je6 stalemate.
66
Mindadze - Kalugin Enik - Eiffel

URS, 1 978 corr. 1 957
1 .id3! Wd3 I . . .Ilh l 2.<;!l h l .d3 3 .• e8

• I.Ila8! Ila8 1 ....g3 2.�h l ! l.Wal Ilal a
with eternal check l.hS �h6 after 2 ... �h5 stalemate .
3.tth7! Black is forced to play 3 ...• h7 after
4. Simplifying to theoretical draw position
which stalemate occurs 3. Wg7! �g7 4.h6 a
draw. This case of a draw occurs exclusively in
endings. Combinations in endings have until
R Reefschlaeger - R. Seppeur now been only partially comprised and
without further systematization This is an
BRD, 1 983
unjustified setting that often made confusion
and mess. For many years among chess
analysts a discussion has been conducted
about when middle game ends and when end
game begins. It was hard to define a strict
l i n e . S o m e auth o r i t i e s made extreme
statements that an ending begins when
queens are exchanged regardless the number
of remaining figures. This conclusion could
not be applied in practice and led to
confusion. Precise and practically applicable
answer is given in classification of endings
applied in Chess informer. An ending
Black moves - a draw becomes when less than five figures remain
To form a stalemate picture it is necessary on chess board, not counting kings. We will
accept this definition for the simplicity and
for Black to get rid of sufficient figures, and
preciseness in theory of combinations. In
it is done by successive sacrificing of rook
theory of endings there is a large number of
and queen 1 _.Ilhl ! on I JibI? 2 .• a7 with
•••
theoretic draw positions, and only some of
mate, or 1 t!!Ib I ? 2 .• a7 and also mate
•••
them w i l l be i n cluded in t h i s book
l.Ilhl Wgl! and a draw because after 3. �g2 exclusively as final positions occurred as a
a stalemate occurs. result of combinations.
67
CHESS SCHOOL
Blockade of a critical square The ending in problemist Holm 's study

illustrates blockade of critical square h2.
When s i mpl i fying to theoretical draw
position it is very important to block a 1 .�h2! in this case bishop represents a n
critical square, especially blocking a square efficient blocking figure, defeating would be
on the eight (first) row where an advanced 1 .�e3? because eX l . ..h2 on 1 . �e2? lOgl
pawn should be promoted in queen. Here is 2 . � t2 lOe2 ! 1 lOh2 2 . �e2! uniquely,
.••
the simplest example. looses 2.�e I? 1Of3 3 . � t2 lOgS 2 ... lOg4

3.�f3 �g6 4.�g3 h2 S.�g2 and position
is a draw, White plays �g2, �h l , and Black
cannot strengthen the position.
Curve-angular bishop
w. Von Holzhausen, 1 9 1 0

Black king comes in time and successfully
stops pawn, after 1 .�g2 a try to approach
with king leads to nothing, for instance
1 .�f4 �cS 2.�eS �b6 and White looses
pawn, B l ack conducts combination
sacrificing bishop 1 . �aS! 2.�a8 �b6 and
.•
White looses pawn after which a theoretic White moves - a draw

draw position occurs.
To make this situation a draw it is necessary
to have knowledge of curve-angular bishop
H. Holm, 1 9 1 0
and of position from the old manuscripts,
which occurs in the main variant 1 .b4! ab3
on 1 ... �b4 an interesting position arises in
which Black has a bishop and a pawn and
cannot win for the rule of curve-angular
bishop 2.�b2 � c4 3. � a l and a draw
position arose which should be remembered,
White will play only �b2, � a l , and Black
cannot improve the position, because on
3 . . . �b l 4 . � b l �c3 k i n g en ters the
opposition after S.� c l a draw occurs which
is analyzed in detail in the first part of the
book (pawn 's endings), after 3 �c3 a
•••
White moves - a draw stalemate occurs.

68
Ill) Combinations for achieving and after that remains with two more
material advantage qualities and clearly won position.
Winning combinations of this kind can arise
Combinations fo r achieving material from seemingly equal positions in which
advantage are largely used in masters' combiner finds them according to concrete
practice with minor differences. To make setting of figures. More often are material
further discussion clear we will mention the combinations based on some positional
main kind of those combinations. advantage. I n that case we can say that
I . Material combi nations where the comb ination turns that advantage into
combiner gains smaller or bigger material material surplus, for instance:
surplus, without ceding some positional
R. Charousek M. Chlgorin
ampensation to the opponent The result of
-
those combinations is ranked according to Budapest, 1 896

the size of winning and the state of the
position before the combination. Pure,
noncompens ated material surplus is
achieved from approximately equal starting
JX>sition and ensures by rule the winning of
the game with further correct playing of the
combiner, for instance
White has double rooks on the c-line and

"healthier" pawn's formation. Positionally
he stands better, and besides that there is a
combination for winning d�e to mentioned
positional marks. 1./Db6! c:b6 in the game it
was played 1 . . .• e8 meaning that Black
White moves - winning agreed to loose a pawn without compen
sation, after 2.�c4 licb8 3 . lic3 White
With material balance White has small
makes material advantage later on, but that
positional advantage, which by itself does
sequel does not interest us, since we are
not promise success. Decisive is however,
observing the main line of the combination
the setting of figures at the moment, which
2. 'fIII a6 lia6 on 2 ... Ilc2 wins 3. 'fWa8! 3. lic:8
allows White the following combination:
�f7 4.li I c:7 White takes back queen and
I.ltide6! f e6 1.i.e6 lie6 educed, because on remains with a pawn more, after 4 lia7 •••
2 . CiPfS followed by 3..�g6 mate 3.�e6 'fWc:8

. . 5.lid7 lid7 6.f3 in the arisen rook's ending
4.�c:7 'fIII c:7 5.b4 White wins bishop on cS White has good chance to play for winning.
69
CHESS SCHOOL
I. Gunsberg - M. Chigorin V. Rauzer V. Ragozin

-
Havana (ml2), 1 890 URS, 1 936
Black moves - winning White moves
Black uses clear positional advantage in White sacrificed pawn intentionally and now
combinatory way l 110! 1.•0 on 2.i1cj1
••• using a combination educes ruining of Black
would be followed by 2 ... l1g3 3.�h2 l1e3 pawn formation.
on 2. J1h4 l1g3 ! 3 . � g3 .h4 with mate 1.lll f6! ef6 on 1 ...1. f6 2 1. f6 ef6 3 .•d4
attack, and on 2. fi;(J .f4 3. �g2 .g3 along Black has to take back the pawn d6, after
with 110 1 .. :fJdl 3.�gl An 4.�ft or which he remains with passive pawn
4 .• n l1b 1 5 . � h l en 4 ... lll d4! S.Ad4 structure, because 3 ... �e7? is not good since
ecl 6.�el l1hl 7.An e b l 8.gS e ft 4.J.c4 along with l1he l l.ed4 combination
White resigns. is finished, White gained advantage, because
on 2. 0-0 responds 3.1.f4 and takes back
..
IV Combinationsfor achieving the pawn on d6, while 2.-fgS? is obviously

certain positional mark inconvenient because o f 3 .• g7.
s. Atalik - A. Naiditsch
Last group of combinations classified by the
aim are those combinations where combiner Budapest, 1 998
achieves certain positional advantage. There
are many sorts of positional advantage that
occur as a result of a combination, for
instance, the a i m can be ruining pawn
structure, taking the second row, line
opening etc.
a) Ruining pawn structure
The basic characteristic of this group of

combinations is in ruining the opponent's
pawn structure. Black moves
70
t e3! in case of 1 ... Af6 would be followed

••• ofking. Observing the course of the game it
by 2.ll)e4 tWfS with equal position 1.fe3 Af6 seems that it is about certain combination
3.llJe4 tIIe6 4.ll)f6 tII f6 S.tlld4 tIIe7 com that Bl ack conducts, but more accurate
bination is finished, Black's position is slig analysis shows that Black with l . . .eS ! had
in fact positionally sacrificed the pawn, and
htly better because of the weakness on e3.
later on took it back and kept the rook on
b) Taking the second row the second row as a benefit.
A. Nimzowitseb J. R. Capablanea
-
e) File opening
New York, 1 927 J. W. Sebulten P. Morpby

-
New York, l 8S7
Black moves
In this position are equally spread positional Black moves
and combinatory contents. Branches in Black conducts a combination the aim of
which combinatory operations take place which is opening the e-file 1 . .. e3! 1 .te3
•
switch with branches in which accurate O---G 3.Adl it is better 3. tWO Il)dS 4.Ad2
estimation of the position is required. Black Il)c3 S . bc3 ne8 6 .ll)e2 tW f6 with equal
at flfSt sacrificing a pa wn comes to doubling
playing 3 ..Ad 4.bd ne8 S.Ael on S. Ci!?t2
,
would be followed by S . . . tWdS and for bad

rooks on the second row.
position of king White is weaker S... Ag4
t. .. e5! 1.AeS nddl 3. tW O ! in game White 6.e4 c6 7.de6? decisive mistake after which
played 3. tWb7? !it2 4.g4 tWe6 S. Ag3 nh2! Black induces the knight with tempo, it
and Black gained decisive advantage 3,.. would be more resistant 7.Ci!?t2 Ae2 8.ll)e2
edS 4.Ad4 tWB S.ned tII tl ! it would be cdS 9.cdS tWdS and although Black has a
weaker s ... nt2 because of 6.nc2 and White pawn less he is stronger 7,..ll)e6 8.Ci!?n
has two rooks for queen 6.tIItl ntl 7.n d
8.Ac3 Il)d4 9.Ad4 tWd4 and White would
be in lost position 8_nel! 9.ll)el ll)d4 after
lId this sequel which was not played in the
this move everything is finished, only
game is in fac t a critical branch of
followed by IO.tll b l A el 1 I . Ci!? tl ll)g4
Capablanca's combination that would give 1 l.Ci!?gl Il) B ! effective sacrifice of the
Black superiorendingprovided he continued knight leads to forced mate l3.gB trd4
positional game. Decisive positional mark 1 4.Ci!?gl tr fl I S.Ci!?b3 tII O and White
is Black rook on the second row, which resigns, o n l 6 .Ci!? h4 Il)h6 1 7 . n g l Il) fS
ensures Black with important centralization 1 8 .Ci!?gS tWhS mate.
71
CLASSIFICATION OF DEFINITION OF A
COMBINATIONS COMBINATION
8 8A 1 , 2, 3 1 8 A chess combination is a forced

maneuver with a sacrifice that
1Ll f1JA llJ leads to a positive outcome.
f1J B f1J + 1 , 2, 3 1 8
f1JC (Botvinnik)
f1Jf1J
f1J D llJf1J + 1 , 2, 3 I 8 This definition in systematization
f1J E 1 f1J of combinations removes inaccu
racies during classification which
.i J.. A iL is inevitable condition. In example:
J.. B iL + 1 , 2, 3 1 8
J.. C iLf1J 8A (code) 1 , 2, 3 11 8 (sacrifice) is
J.. D iLiL a combination where only pawns
J.. E iLf1J + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 are sacrificed.
J.. F J.. iL + 1 , 2 , 3 11 8
Some more examples:
J.. G lI iL
liJA (code) liJ (sacrifice),
la li A li c o m b i n a t i o n s where only one
li B li + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 knight is sacrificed.
li C lif1J
AC (code) AliJ (sacrifice), combi
li D liiL
li E lillJ + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 nations where only one bishop and
li F liiL + 1 , 2, 3 11 8 one knight are sacrificed.
li G lif1JllJIli llJIliiLiL nG (code) n A liJ ( s a c r i fice),
li H lif1Jf1J/liiLllJIUiL + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 combinations where only one rook,
li l ll li one b i shop and one knight are
sacrificed.
� '#J!JA '#J!J
'#J!JB '5' + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 This classification does not rely
'#J!JC '5'llJ upon character of the position or
'#J!J D '5'iL some of the motives that found
'#J!J E '5'f1J + 1 , 2 , 3 1 8 place in the theory of chess. The
'#J!J F '5'iL + 1 , 2, 3 11 8 aim of the combination can be:
'#J!J G '5'li
'#J!JH '5'li + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 I Combinations with mate attack
'#J!JI '5'f1Jf1J/'5'iLllJI'5'iLJ.. 11 Combinations for a draw
'#J!J J '5' f1Jf1J/'5'iLllJI'5' il + 1 , 2, 3 1 8
'#J!J K '5'lif1JI'#J!JliiL I I I Combinations for achieving
'#J!J L '5'lif1J/'5'liiL + 1 , 2, 3 1 8 material advantage
'#J!J M 11 '5' IV Other combinations
72
Combinations with pawn's sacrifice
(8A)
Combinations with pawn's sacrifice (8A)
1 Mate combination N. Liutov M. Botvinnik

-
URS, 1 925
In combinations where a pawn is a sacrifice
the fo llowing should be considered: I .
consequences (usually it is hard to make
concrete calculation) 2 evaluation (small
position's attributes are hardly registered) 3 .
JXUvisional position's conveniences (better
development, better position of pieces)
which can easily occur during the process
of encountering.
The combination where one or more pawns
are sacrificed is rare and for a long time it
was unjustifiably in second plan comparing
to combinations with queen 's sacrifice,
rook 's sacrifice, bishop's sacrifice, and
knight 's sacrifice. A pawn is the weakest
l._hS! 1.tWhS 2.g4 hg4 3 .�g4 fl h l 4.�g3
rombat unit and stronger esthetic feeling
�el 5.�h3 fld2-+ l ...• hl 3.�g4 fldl
leaves the piece sacrificed.
4./l}0 4.�f5 flh5 4 fl d7 mate, White
M ate combinations are d i fferent fro m
•••
resigns.
mentioned ones because they are concrete
and have clearly �isible goal. S. Mirkovic Z. Djukic
-
M ataruska Banja, 1 997

De Souza Mendez R. Fischer
-
Mar del Plata, 1 959
Black moves - winning Both players were in time distress and

seemed that match would be over with
With sacrificing two pawns Black is making pennon fa l l ; h o wever K ais a provided
mate net 1 ... a4! 1.�a4 b3 ! 3.ab3 in case everything to be regular I.� O! �h4 in case
3.a3 Ae3 4.110 .i.b5 5. �b3 Ae2 and Black of unacceptable sacrifice after 1 . . . �h6
would win 3 A e3 4.110 on 4.11g2 Ac5
••• 2. �e3 �h5 3 .flg5 mate 1.11e4 � 3.lig4
with win 4 11a8 and White resigns.
••• �hS 4.tWh3 mate, Black resigns.
75
1 1 Combinations for a draw III Conquest of materials
This kind of combinations i; very rare and Combinations with pawn's sacrifice are the
is encountered mostly in endings. most difficult kind of combinations. Very
often the aim i; not visible. In following
examples the c a s e s where a p i e c e is
conquered are comprehended.
E. Lasker M. Euwe
-
Nothingem, 1 936
l .bS! gbS loM 'i!i'al 3.'i!i'cl a draw.
N. Grigoriev
I . M ! Black relies on l . 'i!i'c4 Ae 1 with

slightly better ending 1 Ab4 l.lOcl and
•••
Black resigns because he loses a piece.
J. P. C�rzo - J. R. Capablanca
Havana (m/8),1 90 1
l .d6! l .b5 Wd5 2 .e4 �d6 and Black would

win L ed6 l.bS � on 2 ... h2 3 . b6 h i VI
•.
4.b7 Vlg2 5.�n YIf2 6.�e7 [6.�e8? Vlg3

7.'i!i'd7 dS ! and Black would win] Vlh4
7 . 1�d7 Vlh3 8 . � c7 Vlc3 9 . 'i!i' d 7 Vlb3
1O.�c7 Vlc4 I I .�d7 Vl b 5 IV;t>c7 'i!i'd4
l 3 . b8V1 Vlb8 1 4. 'i!i' b 8 d5 1 5 .'i!i'c7 It>e3
16.'i!i'd6 d4 1 7.'i!i'e5 with a draw 3.e4 It>e6
4.b6 �7 S.eS deS 6.deS bl 7.e6 �6 S.b7
b it" 9.bBt!' with a draw. Black moves - winning
76
L . O! this is the most energetic. there was B. Knezevie - S. Mlrkovle

another way 1 ... A.fS !? 2 .11c l J.e4 3.'i&fl
Igalo, 1 994
Ag2 4. 'i&e I lla2 5.11g I f3 and Black would
win 2.g0 lLJf4 3.A.eS llg2 4.'i&f1

4_�tl! it would be wrong 4 . . . 11h2? 5 .11h2
gh2 6.'i&f2 lLJd3 7.'i&e3 tOeS 8 . 11h l and The object of attack is White queen 1 f6 !
•••
White would have the upper hand S.'i& el 2.ef6 gf6 3. tWf6 White had no choice; it had
5.�gl tOe2 mate 5. lLJd3 White resigns.
..
to accept a sacrifice 3 lOd7
.•.
E. Lasker - J. R. Capablanea
St. Petersburg, 1 9 1 4
a queen is captured, White, desperate, tried

as well 4. tWhs llhS S.lldel tOfB 6.lOe6 lOe6
7.Ae6 Ae6 S.lle6 tW n 9.11eS lOfS and
White resigns.
l.eS! a square e4 is released for knight

1 .. .deS on l . . . fe5 2.tOe4 tOd5 3 .11h7 with
�cisive advantage 2.tOe4 now the material
losses are inescapable for Black, followed
by 2 lOdS 3. 106eS AeS 4.lOd7 with
.•.
winning position for White.

M. Chigorin - D. Janowski I V Other combinations

Paris, 1 900 In following cases with pawn 's sacrifice
p o s i t i o n a l conveni en�es appear. For
instance: taking initiative and transition in
attack, conquering open lines, etc.
B. Spassky T. Petrosian
-
Moscow (ml1 9), 1 969
1 .f5! i. f5 bishop is guided on square is

1."cS and Black resigns.
v. Pirc G. Stoltz
-
White moves
Praha (01), 1 93 1
In the position occurred White has space
advantage and more active layout of the
pieces; the most important thing is that Black
kingside castling is still in opening and is
weakened with move h7-h6. l .g4! the threat
is gS , therefore Black is forced to accept
sacrifice and opens g-line for opponent's
hard artillery 1 �g4 1. "gl � f6 3.ligt
•••
i.d7 4.f5! �h8 S.lidfl "d8?! it would be

mac resistant S •..• eS 6. �O .cS 6.fe6 fe6
t... d4! it would be weaker l .. .• c l 2.lOdl

"cS 3.0-0 and Black i s better 1."d4 this is
educed 1... "al and White resigns because
it loses material.
78
7 .eS ! decisive strike, second pawn 's B.e6! this is the point of the whole strategy,
sacrifice, thereby White gets necessary space by sacrificing two pawns White comes to
for his own pieces 7 ... deS B.ltJe4 ItJhS on indefensible attack B ... ltJ b6 9.Ii g l the
8. �4 9. IifS! IifS 1 0 .• g7 mate, and in the
..
alternatives are 9. liel and 9. 11(4 9...IiacB
case 8•.• ed4 9.ltJf6 gS 1 0 .• h3 Iie7 1 1 .IigS
9 ... �h8 1 0.IihS with attack 10 ••g4 .g4
1 l .Iig4 �hB Il. IihS nd 13. �gl Ii eB
Ag7 12 . Iig7! �g7 1 3 .Iigl rJlf7 14 .• hS
13 ... Iic2 14.�g3 fS I S .ltJfS 14.1tJg6 �g7
with mate 9 .• g6 ed4 10. ItJg5! and Black
IS.ltJeS! and Black resigns.
resigns.
s. Mirkovic - H. Meslng M. Tal - D. Mohrlok

Rabac, 1 986 Varna (01), 1 962
White moves White moves

l.g4! pawn's sacrifice for initiative 1 .. fg4 l .g6! fg6 or 1 . . .hg6 2.hS ghS 3 . IihS and
lIS 1\Vh6 3 •• g3 .g5 on 3 . . . �h8 4 .• g4 White comes to attack on g-file, M. Tal - A.
4.'it»hl could have been played also 4.Iif4 ! ? Koblenz, Riga 1 9S8 l.hS gh5 2 ... b4? 3.ltJdS!
h 5 5.h3 gh3 6.�h3 .g3 7.�g3 and White edS 4. 1\VdS �h8 S . hg6 h6 6.Iih6! gh6 7. •n
has the upper hand 4...c5 with indefens ible mate 3.Iih5 with pawn's
sacrifice White opened two files 3 ••• 1tJ f6
4.l:igS ltJeS?! 4 ... h4 ! ? S.1Wgl i. f8 6.i.el
1tJc4 7.i.c4 bc4 B.ltJd4 IibB 9.Iihl Iib7
lO.Iih6
S.f6! new pawn's sacrifice, and introduction

in direct attack ·on king 5••• cd4 6.cd4 gf6
7.J:ifS VJ¥g7 does not help 7 . . .•h6 8.1\Vg4
c;!;lh8 9.IihS .g7 1 0 .ltJg6 and White wins
79
Mi raculous world of combinations
IO ... c;!i>t7 on 1 0 ... g6 Tal prepared effective passed pawn on a-file, but opened fi les on
finish 1 1 . ggg6! hg6 1 2 . lag6 �f7 1 3 .1\'f gS ! queen's side are dangerous for him, and
/t}h7 14.1\'fhS /t} f6 I S.gf6 �f6 16./t}f5! with besides that pieces coordination is lost
fast mate I I .gh4 ti'b6 12./t}dl ti'e7 13.f4 7.ti'a6 gfeS 8.ti'd3 ti'e6! 9.13 /t}d7 knight
h6 14. flg6 ge8 IS.fS! eS 16./t}e3! from passes on c4, and Nimzovitsch does not see
threat gf6 there is no defense 16 ... ti'd8 the danger I O.Adl?! it is better 1 0 . .tf4
17./t}e6 and Black resigns. I O /t}eS I I . ti'cl /t}e4 12.gabl ga8 1 3.a4?
•••
decisive weakness of queen's side, it was

A. Nimzowitseh - J. R. Capablanea better l 3 .b3 13 ... /t}d1 14.ti'dl 1\'fe4 IS.mdl
St Petersburg, 1 9 14
• • . • •• �
• • Ri.i
.,. .i�
� . . .
8 R •• 8 . •
-
� �-8-
D D
u 8 a M 8 �.
R • m.t1
�:.:. =
IS ... geb8! total triumph of Black's strategy,
Black moves although White has a pawn more, threats
1 ... g6! ? introductory move into interesting gb2 1 6.ti'e3? it is necessary 1 6 . 1\'fd3 1\'fcS
pawn 's sacrifice after which Black gains 1 7. c;!i> h l gb4 1 8. /t}e2 and Black has the
excellent play of pieces, and also a strong upper hand 1 6 gb4 1 7.ti'gS .t d4 1 8.�hl
••.
pressure on queen's side on a and b-file gab8 1 9. 9d4 ti' d4 and B l ack easily
1./t}e6 Nirnzovitsch accepted the sacrifice, realized material advantage.
it would be better 2 . .tgS with queen side
castling 1 be6 3 •a6 1Wd7 it is bad 3 ... cS?
••• •
S. Savehenko - S. Mlrkovle
because 4. 1Wc6 /t}d7 S ./t}bS 4 •b7 ge8 •
S •a7 Ag7 6.0-0

•
Belgrade, 1 988
6 ...0--0 White conquests a pawn and gains Black moves

80
Combinations with pawn 's sacrifice (�A)
l oo.lie6! l . . .J.c4? 2.'�c4 'fWc4 3.lic4 J.b6 ttVc8 S.J.g6 fg6 6.gS lll h S 7.�dS �h8
4.J.e5 J.e3 5.� h l and White has obvious 8.�d7 with compensation for sacrificed
advantage 2.l11 e S J. eS 3.fe5 ttVe2 4.l:H2 pawn (Sedlak), after a big fight, match ended
�g4 S.ttVd4 ttVhS 6.ttVdl ttVgS 7.ttVd2 lig6 with a draw.
R. Fischer T. Petrosian
-
Belgrade, 1 970
Black bishop has great strength ; the plan is

to double rooks on g-file and attack the
White king. To neutralize potential attack
White strikes back with pawn 's sacrifice
with attention to exchange the queens, White moves - winning
thereby reduce the pressure 8.e4! a draw, Familiar Fisher's combination with pawn 's
could be followed by 8 ... 'fWd2 9.lad2 fe4 with sacrifice, the aim is opening of d-file and
equal position. attack on opponent's king, which remained
N. Sedlak - A. Beliavsky behind in the centre I .c4! dc4 2 . J. fS!
precisely t o the end, with the move in the
Terme Zrece, 2003 game a Black king's escape over square c8
is banned 2 ... lafn 3.lidl now everything is
over, the execution follows 3oo. lifd7 4.J.d7
lid7 S. �b8 r$;;e7 6.gdel and Black resigns.
A. Stamenkovic - S. Mirkovic
Belgrade, 1 998
White moves
1.e5!? interesting pawn's sacrifice after
\\b ich White as a compensation takes
initiative over central opened files loo.lll e5
1 . �7 2.J.e4; 1_. 'lffdI 2.J.dl lll d 7 3 .lll d5
..
id8 4.lll d2 ! J. d l 5 .lll c4 and White is

slightly better 2.g4 lll 0 3.ttVO J.g6 4.laadl Black moves - winning
81
I cl! pawn 's sacrifice with purpose to open

.••
White king's position l.Ad6 "d6 3.be3 be3

4.ll�c3 �e4! a knight joins in attack on White
king S.�gel after 5 .�e4 lae4 White king
would lose defense S .. .. a3 6."el if 6.d6
.
lab7 7.rtic2 lab2 8.�d3 lC.c3 9.�c3 .d6

and Black wins 6 ... lab7 7.rticl labl 8.rtid3
lael ! 9."cl �c3 and White resigns.
F. Marshall - J. R. Capablanca
New York, 1 9 1 8 I I _laal! ideal lining of Black pieces, White

is in zugl:wang Il.rtigl h3 13.g3 a6! 14.e6
lae6 l S.g4 1 5 .�d8 h2! 1 6.�h2 lah6 1 7 .�gl
lah l mate IS lah6 1 6.0 lad6! 1 7.�e7
• •.
laddl 18.�fS rtif6 19.�h4 rtigS lO.�f5

lagl l l . c,fa1 n hl 22.f4 rti f4 and Whit e
resigns.
R. Fischer B. Larsen
-
Denver (ml l ), 1 97 1
Black moves
I. .. "eS! courageous pawn's sacrifice based
on good evaluation of appeared complex
middlegame, not good 1 ffa2 2.laal and
...
the queen is down, on 1 r!fd7 2.�f5 f6

...
3 .• g3 rtih8 4.lacd l "f7 5.h4 with White's

initiative l.�c6 .. c3 3.lac3 ladl rook's
active position and long range bishop
White moves
compensate in full the lack ofa pawn 4.labl ?
passive move, it should have been played I.Aa3! pawn's sacrifice to gain initiative
4.�e7! �f8 5.lac7 lae8 ! 6.lab7 lae7 7.lab8 1 feS l.deS �ceS 3.�eS �eS 4. "d4 �g6
• ••
lae8 8.la�8 �e8 with possible draw 4 lae8!

.•.
S.AhS it would be weaker 5 .• g7 S rtit7 •••
S.eS gS! 6.h4 White sacrifices the pawn in 6.f4 lahe8 7.fS efS 8."dS rti f6 9.AD more
order to open the king without losing a energetic is 9.g4 ! ? 9_�eS! 1 0."d4 rtig6
tempo, but king's side gets weaker in that l I .laeS "eS 1l."d7 laad8 13."b7 "e3 it
way 6 gh4 7.lael White looks for the
•••
is better l3 . . .•c3 ! 14.rtin ladl IS."c6 lae6
rescue by activati ng the rooks 7 lae6 •••
16.AcS! liil 17.rtigl Ilgl 18.rtigl "dl
8.laed 8.�a 7 lag6! 8. rtig7 9.b4 bS 10.a3
••
1 9.rt;hl lic6 lO. Ac6 "c3 l l .ligl rtif6
lag6 11 .�1 1l.Aa7 with winning position for White.
82
Combinations with knight's sacrifice
(ftJ A)
Combinations with knight's sacrifice (lOA)
I Mate combinations A. Karpov - M. Talmanov

Leningrad, 1 977
A. Alekhlne - F. Yates
London, 1 922
t .. lOg3! White resigns, on 2.hg3 [ i f 2 .• g3

White moves - winning Ilb I ) Ila8 with indefensible mate.
With knight's sacrifice Alekhine gets to

mate's attack I .Ilg7! Ilf6 because of the
M. Mehmedovic S. Mlrkovlc
_
threat Ilh7 mate, Black is forced to accept

sacrifice l.r.t>eS! Black resigns, on 2 . s:.m
. .
Pula, 1 982
3.nh7 'iti>g8 4.s:.cg7 mate.
L. Portlsch - V. Smyslov
Amsterdam (izt), 1 964
1 lOcl! direct winning, could be played

•••
1 ... Wh8 2. Wg5 lOe3 l.•c:l Wh8 3. Wdl if

3.We2 Wh4 4.'iti>g2 .h2 5.t�O .h3 6.cit'f4
Black moves - winning Wc3 7.'iti>g4 Wd4 with winning end game
3... .h4 4.�gl . g3 S.�fl after 5. • g2
1 111g4! 1.hg4 .h4 3.cit'gl Wg3 4.�hl n!
... We I 6. W fl Wc3 and Black would conquest
this is a point, White resigns because he has a piece S ... lOhl 6.�el .13 and White
ID possibility to prevent mate. resigns.
85
Farwig - Lundin Dietric:h - Bauer

Stockholm, 1964 AUT, 1 967
Black moves - winning Black moves - winning
t lbd2! 2.lId2 lIet 3.�et IIgt mate.

••• t lbhl ! 2. IIhl lIdO! White resigns.
•••
H. Rittner - H. De Carbonnel I 1 Combinations/or a draw
corr. 1 968 a) repeating a move

This circumstance is very rare in practical
matches. Because of that it presents a very
interesting chapter in theory of combinations
where knight is a sacrifice. Basic content of
such combinations is knight's sacrifice in
order to educe a draw with repetition of the
moves.
G. M. Todorovic - S. Mirkovic:
Novi Sad, 1 992
t .lbd5! in case 1 .h6 IIh6! after move in the

match Black resigned because on I ... lid5
fo llowed by 2 . h 6 ! II d l 3 .';!7 h 2 w i th
indefensible mate on h8, or 1 . lie8 2.lIa7
. .
.i.e6 3.lIh8 .i.g8 4.lbf4 1Ie7 S .lIg8 with win.

86
Combinations with knight's sacri fice (lllA)
Black b i shop i s attacked and has n o idea could be realized in more sophisticated
possibility t o come back i n its own camp. way: 1 .lll e 7! llle 7 a move is educed , on
Meanwhile, weaken White king's position 1 .. 'tlVh5 2.g4 and Black loses a queen 2.lllh4
.
enables following combination. 'tlVg5 3.lll fJ White is forcing a draw by

repeating the moves with continual attack
1. lllc 2! 2.�c2 a sacrifice must be accepted
••
on the queen 3 tWh5 4.g4 'tlVg6

2 Ad3 3.�d Ac:4! 4.�c:2 White has
•••
•••
nothing better then to repeat the moves
5.lllh4 'tlVg5 6.lllfJ tWg6 Black must accept

a draw with repeating the moves, i.e., the
4. Ad3 ! a draw.
••
position by further 7 . lll h4 tWg5 8 . lO 0
In the next example the materially weaker because the attempt 8 . . . tW f4? i s not good
side gets a draw by repeating the moves. because of 9.g3 and Black queen is lost.
b) eternal check
G. Levenfish N. Zubarev
-
URS (ch), 1 933

White has only one pawn as compensation
for quality which is not enough. He has no
winning combinations, so the question is -
can he save a draw. He could for instance
try to use queen's position, only it does not 1.lll g6 ! effective knight's sacrifice which
happen right away, because on l .lo h4? 'tlVg5 leads to the original position t. ..hg6 2.�h3
2.lll0 Black has the answer 2 .. 'tlVe3, this
. a draw.
87
Mi raculous world of combinations
D. Janowsky - J. R. Capablanca J. H. Blackburne - H. N. Pillsbury

New York, 1 924 COTT. 1 897
Black moves - a draw White moves - a draw
l _lllf4! with this move Capablanca gets out

from the suspicious position; there is noth
l.bc4! �4 1 ...d3 2.lab l � 3 .J.b7 d2
ing left for White but to accept a sacrifice, 4.J.a6 � S.J.b7 with a draw 1.1:1al �b4
3.1:1ebl �cS 3 . . . � 4.laa4 with a draw
otherwise he would not have any compen
4.1:1aS �c4 S.1:1a4 �cS 6.1:1aS a draw.
sation for the lost pawn 1.gf4 .g4 3.�b l
educed again, o n 3.�h2 Wf4 4.�hl W c l
S.J.c2 1Wh6 i t would not b e good 3_ •b3
• B. Mesaros - S. Mirkovic
4.�gl .g4 a draw. Subotica, 1 990
S. Mirkovic - J. Horvat
Novi Becej, 1 9 83
Black moves - a draw In this complex position White decided to

force eternal check by knight's sacrifice.
l _llIb4! 1.gM on 2. �gl ? 1lI0 3. �g2 ll1gS 1 .1lIbS! gbS on 1 .. .. �h8 would be followed
and Black wins 1_.g4 3.�bl .M a draw, by 2. Wh6 1..gS �b8 3 • 16 �8 4 •gS a
• •
Black realizes eternal check. draw.

88
Combinations with knight's sacrifice (Il\A)
A. Volchok Ramirez
- 15 ..... r4 16.�gl " hl 17.'itfl "r4 18.�gl
.hl 19.�fl a draw.
corr. 1 996
c) simplifying to a theoretical draw
This group of combinations presents real

rarity in practical matches and occurs only
in endings. Combinations in endings present
a separate and large chapter in theory. Until
now this category was underestimated and
did not have independent significance. For
example the classification of combinations
in "Encyclopedia of middle games" (The
White moves - a draw Centre for chess improvement edition from
1 980.) does not consider combinations in
1.'lrh3! tWf8 it would be wrong 1 . ..fle4?
endings as separate group. W h i l e
2....6 ..f8 3._g5 'ith8 4.flh l ! and White
"Anthology of combinations" from 1 995
would win 1.ll\cS! "cS 3."h6 tWf8 4. "gS
�h7 a draw, on 5. _f5 'itg8 6. _g5 with (Chess In formant edition) does not consider
combinations in endings at all. First of all it
eternal check.
i s necessary to define a border between
middlegames and endings. A large number
P. Leko M. Adams
-
of theoreticians tried to define when ending
Linares, 2005 occurs. After a lot of wandering it appears
that i n fo rmational system o f Chess
Informant has made the furthest progress,
where it says:
The ending lll'ises when less thenjive pieces
occur lit the table; the kings do not count
The number ofpllwns hlls no infllll!nce.
The border is sharp and represents a progress
comparing to all previous attempts. This
d i v i sion enables an easier material
systematization.
Theoretical draw positions represent unique
standard, this includes cases where one side
has not got enough material to perform mate.
19 ll\ fl ! l O . � fl tWh4 1 1 . �fI " h 1
•.• For instance, king and knight against king,
n.i.a3 fle6! 13."&1 fld8 14. i.cS flh6 or king and b i shop against k i ng, etc.
l5.e6 it would lead to a draw 25. Ae2 ! ? ,f4 Following examples show how to gain
26.'it g l ,h2 27.'itf2 Il\c4 ! 28.ll\n An theoretical draw position by knight 's
29.i.O '8h4 30. 'itfl _f4 3 1 .'itg l '8h2= sacrifice.
89
A. WoJtkiewicz - It Sldelf Sade

URS, 1 98 1
5_ b5! loses s ...�rn 6.Ab2 ! as 7.�d6 a4

8.�eS bS 9.Ac3 6.�e8 b4 7.�f8 h1 8.�g8
bl! a draw.
Among the most famous theoretical draws
1 .�a4! �4 1.�e4 White king goes for a is the case of curve-angular bishop.
pawn h7 l.. �h4 3.�f4 �g6 or 3 ... �bS
.
4.�gS with �h6 4.�g5 �b5 5.�h6 a draw. Klaparede H. Grob

-
corr. 1 9S0
Grushevsky - Abdsamatov
URS, I 947

White threats h6 with h 7. A draw is realized
Black moves - a draw by curve-angular bishop's rule.
1 �e5! by knight's sacrifice Black succeed
••.
1 ... �c5! 1.�c5 �f6 3.�d6 on 3.�b6 �fS to bring its own king into savior angle 1.Ae6
4.Ac l �f6 S.�b7 as with equal position if2.h6 �g40r 2.�eS �g7 and in both cases
�f5 4.Acl �f6 5.�d7 gives nothing either with a draw 1 �f7! 3.�g6 after 3 . A fi a
•••
S.�dS �f5! 6.�d4 bS with a draw. stalemate occurs 3_�g8 4.Af7 �h8 a draw.
90
Combinations with knight's sacrifice (It}A)
1I1 Combinations for achieving material t!rg6 and White wins 4. ¥le? and White gains
advantage decisive material advantage.
J. R. Capablanea - A. Alekbine P. Keres - W. Unzicker

Buenos Aires. 1 927 Hamburg. 1 956

L lOd! dragging the rook away with aim
•• 1 .lOg7! ng7 on 1 11tIjB 2.lt}e6 IifS 3 . t!rg4
...
to weaken first row and thus fulfill joining �h8 4.lt}f8 and White wins, on 1 tJ;g7 . ..
on e-file l.nd queen's exchange 2.¥lc2 2.1.h6! �g8 3. t!rg4 and White wins 1.1.b6
t!rc2 3 . 1ic2 1. f4 would reduce White's tWe7 if 2. iIf7 3.lig5 �h8 4.t!rc3 or 2. 1!e8
•• ••
chances to rescue 2. ••• f4 Black conquests 3. 1.g7 t!rg7 4.h4 h6 5.lic4 lie I 6.�h2 Adl
a pawn and in further process of the game 7.1if8! .f8 8.lig4 and in both cases White
Black realizes advantage. wins 3.1.g7 tWg7 4.b4 b6 S. lie4 and Black
Mo Botvinnik - M. Euwe resigns.
L Ljubojevie - L. Stein
Denn HaaglMoskva (mtc), 1 948
Las Palmas, 1 973

I. tWg3! feS 1 • •g7 IU8 3. ne7 Black is
forced to give away a queen 3. ••• c7 in case 1 • •• 10 il! 1.0-0 on 2 . � t2 Ac3 ! l ••• lt}dl
3 ... t!rd6 4.lib7 d3 5.lia7 t!rd8 6. t!rh7 with 3.1.dl 1. g4 and Black wins.
91
J. Naumovic: - F. Sc:holz 7.gh7 �d7 S.�t7 �cS 9.ttVe7 and White

would conquest a piece 7.liJe4 g d l s.<.!tn
COIT. 1 997
fS 9.�f6 and Black resigns.
A. Karpov - T. Giorgadze
URS, 1 9S3

1.�t7! �t7 2.�e6 �f8 on 2 ... �e6 3.�f4
and White would win 3.dS! liJa7 or 3 ... �d6
4.dc6 �h2 5.�hl ttVc6 6.�d5 with win White moves - winning
4.liJe4 ttVeS S.liJf6 and Black resigns, on l.liJe7! ge7 1 ... i.e7 2.i.aS and White wins
5 ... �f6 6.�d4 ttVg6 7JJ.c7 with material 2.�a8 ge2 3.ge2 liJaS 4.gc:2! and Black
conquest. resigns because of the threat gcS is unde
fended.
T. Petrosian - B. Larsen S. Mirkovic: - M. Kapelan
Copenhagen, 1960 Novi Sad, 1 991

l.lOf6! gf6 on l...i.f6 2.gf6 gd3 3.tWg5 �f8 l.liJt7! �t7 1 ... tWe7 2.lOg5 and White con-
4.�g7 �eS 5. ttVgS �d7 6. �f7 �dS 7.ttVgS quests the quality 2.fS �e7 3.fe6 liJe6 4.dcS
�d7 S.e6 �d6 9.liJe4 mate- 2.gh3 � f8 besides White ' s material ad vantage
3.ttVh7 <.!te8 4.g6 �f8 on 4... fg6 5. tWg6 �d7 opponent 's king is exposed and goes down
6.tWf5 �eS 7.ttVe6 �f8 S.gg3 and White under undefended attack 4._gc:S S.'irh4 ggS
wins S.g7 � g7 6.'irg7 'ire7 on 6 . . . lOe7 6.gfl ! 'irdS 7.ttVn and Black resigns.
92
Combinations with knight's sacrifice (�)
N. Jovanovic - C Borelli G. Kasparov - G. Ligterink

corr. 2003 Malta (01), 1 980

L�e4! fe4 on 1 ... lieb8 2.It::\ d6 ffd6 3 . .th6 l ./l)c8! combinational attack after which all
and White would win 1 .te4 .tfS if 2 q)c4
• ••• White pieces are under attack 1 /l)c6 in case
••
3.Ilg3 lie7 4 . .th6 or 2 11l1b8 3 .lig3 gS

••• that Black accepts sacrifice 1 ... lieS double
4.• hSand in both cases White would win strike would follow 2 . fS on 1 ... Ilc7 2.lib8
3..tfs gfS 4.tthS .tfS 4 ...e4 S . .tb2 .th2 .tfS and then White would have pleasant
6.�h l .tf4 7.IlaS ! S .th6 .tb6 S ... f4 6 . .tfS
• choice between 3.lifbl or 3.lt::\ d6 Ilb8 4./l)c4
� 7.lia6 ! &6 8 .• e8 ttf1 9.• c8 6•• h6 1./l)a7 /l)a7 3 .tdS and Black resigns.
•
f4
B. Zueger - A. Kharlov
Bern, 1 996
7.c16! ttg7 8. ttg7 t:li;g7 9.Ileal Iled8 10.

na5 Ila5 1 1 .IlaS Ild6 1 1.Ilc5 IldI 12 ... �f6
13 .IldS Iic6 1 4 .cS �fS 1 5 . 0 with win
13.t:Ii;hl e4 13 lId4 14.0 � ffi I S .h4 �fS
•••
1 6 .Ilc8 �e6 1 7 .hS � d 7 1 8 . Ilb 8 �c7 I /l)gl ! 1.t:Ii;gl on 2 ./l)gl . d l 3 .lie I ffhS
•••
19.Ilb4 o r 1 3. f!4'6 14.0 Ilc l I S .h4 �fS

•• and White would lose a queen 1 • el •••
16.lic6 and in both variants White wins 3. ttg6 �fS 4•• bl Ile7 SodS cd5 6.c6 .td6
14.l:lfS e3 1 5.fe3 fe3 16.IleS Ilel 17.Ile3 7.ttal � 8.ttbl bc6 9./l)gS �fS 1 0./l)f3
and Black resigns. Ile3! with winning position foc Black.
93
[VOther combinations S. Mirkovic - L Etlmov
This category contains so-called positional Belgrade, 1 992

combinations. The obj ectives can b e
different, for instance, transition i n more
convenient ending, attack on king, engaging
the file, initiative etc. Beside the right
estimate of the variants, the evaluation of
ending's position is very important and the
correctness of a combination depends on it.
This group of combinations is widespread
and represented in a large number of
examples in practice.
Attack on a king White moves - winning

A. Alekhine S. Levltsky
-
1 .1ll t7! �t7 1 • g3 r;&gS 3 • g6 .tg7 4.cd6
• •
Sl Petersburg (m/2), 1 9 1 3 Besides material equivalent and four pawns

for a knight White came to strong attack and
later, as the game proceeded, real ized
victory.
A. Vaisser M. Knezevlc
-
Tmava, 1 983

White performed effective combination after
which came to strong attack 1 .lll e 6! fe6
Black is practically enforced to accept
knight's sacrifice because there is no good
place for queen, for instance 1 . . •c8 good
.
enough to win would be also 2 • f3! 1.de6

.
r;&hS 3.ed7 net 4.nel .id7 S.h6! this move
completely ruins the position in front of a 1.lllf6! gf6 1 •g6 <i&hS 3 •h6 �gS 4 • g6
• • •
king who is jeopardized along two diagonals <i&h8 5 • £6 �h7 6.e4 ed4 7 •h6 �g8 S.f4!
• •
and opened g-file. With this the combination 8 . .t g51 .te7 9 .• g6 � h8 1 0 . .t f6 .tf6
is over and A lekhine reali zes position 1 1 ..f6 �h7! 12 . •h4 �g7 1 3 .• g5 gives
advantage later in the course of the game. only a draw S lll e 5
•••
Combinations with knight's sacrifice (ltlA)
also lead to a victory, simply 3 .J.. fS ltlfS

4.ltlg6 Wg6 S. Wg6 J.. e6 6. WhS 3 ... 'fWgS on
3 ... ltlf7 4.11f3 lla6 S .llf6 with win 4.11f3
ltlf7 S.e6 'fWh7 6.J.. h 7 J.. e6 7.lle6 � g7
S.J..d3 a3 9.b4 and White realized positional
advantage as the game proceeded.
Transition in better ending
Combinations with knight's sacrifice, the

aim of which is to transit in better ending
9.'fWgS! on 9.fS J.. e7 1 0. ffi J.. ffi 1 1 .Wf6 ltlc4 are not represented a lot in practice. In this
12 Jld3 ltle3 1 3 .J.. e3 We6 and White would group of combinations a positional moment
have the upper hand, and the move played is present. Estimation of a variant is not in
in the game was even more powerful the first place, and more important is proper
9_.'1&h7 10.'fWh4! '1&gS Il.feS and by playing evaluation of a position which occurs. Static
steadily White realized positional advantage evaluation is primary acc o rding to
which could be seen in Black's bad position, dynamical particularities.
and a victory was gained in the following
way 11 'fWeS 1 2.11d3 J.. e6 if 1 2 .. .'�g7 and
A. Kotov M. Yudovich
•••
White attackwas undefended 1 3 . J.. h6 J.. e 7

14.1We7 Wh6 I S . llg3 WhS 1 6 .J.. f7 13.11g3 URS, 1 94 1
'fWg3 14. hg3 J.. c4 IS.WgS Wh7 16.WhS
'i&r:l 17.eS and Black resigns.
B. Vuckovic M. Zlvanic
-
Belgrade, 200 1
l.ltlgS! progressed calculation that at the end

brings White in a better ending 1 _.hgS a
knight must be taken , on 1 . ..WhS 2.J.. g6 and
invasion on rook would decide on d7 2. 'fWh3!
White moves - winning wgS 3.J.. g 6 fg6 4.lld7 llf6 S.llc7 J.. c7
6.'fWd7 lle7 7.1WcS J.. d S in case 7 . . . W f7
I.ltlhS! a strike which brings a big advantage S.Wb7 ltldS 9.WdS ltle6 1 0 .� g l pawns a3
to White 1 ._ghS 2. 'fWh7 �f8 3.lld3 it would and b4 would become stronger S.llc6! llc6
9S
the played move: "Typical sacrifice of a

piece the aim of which is to attack along g
fIle and to weaken king's position. In this
type of positions a concrete estimation of
the variants has secondary importance, and
principal evaluation of the position has
decisive influence." As it can be seen an
overall evaluation - opening of g-file and
possibility to attack weaken king influenced
Smyslov to find the solution 1 gf5 2.gfS
•••
lLlc7 3.!lgl lLle8 further course of the game

showed that Smyslov had also calculated
concrete variants, on 3 .. l!h8 4.Ah6! Ah6
.
the material is equal, but White properly

S.!lg6 1!!I g7 6.!lg7 rt;g7 7.1!!Ig3 or 3 �5.••
evaluated the occurred position to his own

4.!lg7! rt;g7 S.!lg l q;n 6.1!!I h S q;e7 7.!lg7
benefit. A victory is realized by combi
4.!lg6 m 5.!lbgl q;g8 6.!lh6 it would be
national attack of White queen and king on
more direct 6.Ah6! 6_q;f8 7.!lh7 q;e7
weak Black pawns of king's side.
Opening ofafile and attack on a king
V. Smyslov A. Kotov
-
URS, 1 943
8.'t\VhS! q;d6 on S ... !lcS Smyslov planed

9.lLlgS ! fgS I O.AgS rt;d6 1 1 .J.f4 �e7 12.f6!
lLlf6 I 3 .!lgg7 lLlhS 14.!ln rt;e6 I S . !ld7 lLlf4
1 6 .!lb7 with gained ending 9.A f4 lLle5
IO.AeS feS 1l .f6 ! lLlf6 1 l.�eS rt;e6 13.
White moves - winning !lhg7 q;bS 14.lLld4 q;b6 IS.b4 !le8 16.!ln
�f7 17.�d6 !lc6 18.lLle6 lLle4 Kotov's last
White has the initiative, but the question is try 19.beS! and Black resigns, it would be
- how to use it? Smyslov came up with an wrong 1 9. de4? 1!!1 f3 ! 20 .!lg2 1!!I fl with
interesting idea l .lLl IS! Smyslov commented eternal check.
96
Combinations with bishop's sacrifice
(.i.A )
Combinations with bishop's sacrifice (AA)
I Mate combinations M. Tal - Amateur

URS, 1 964
G. Greco - Amateur
Europa, 1 620
White moves - winning 1 •.i.b6! .b6 on 1 . ab6 2 .• d8 mate 2 ••h4

..
llm on 2 .. .f6 3 .•h7 lag7 4.• g7 mate 3•• W

I.Ae6! a sacrifice must be accepted L �e6
.. and Black resigns.
2 •eB �ge7 3.dS mate.
.
J. Dorfman - O. Romanlshln
Cienfuegos, 1 977
M. Euwe - G. A. Thomas
Hastings, 1 934/35
1 ... .i.D! and White resigns because it can

White moves - win�ing not avoid mate 2 .AO Ae5
L.i.dS! and Black resigns because it can not

avoid mate 1 . ll12 2 .• g8
..
99
R. Red - E. Bogoljubow II Combinations for a draw
New York, 1 924 a) repeating a move
Occurs in situations where both sides arc

forced to repeat the moves. The side which
gives up often loses the match.
V. Zurakbov E. Bukbman
-
URS, 1 967
1 .,i,e8! and Black resigns cause it has no

defense for double strike of quccn and rook
on �, bishop which covered eight row
reinforced strength of that strike, brilliant
example of the harmony, on 1 ile8 2.tI�!
••
la� 3.la� mate, in case that Black does not Black moves - a draw
accept a sacrifice 1... h6 2.tI� �h7 3.,i,g6! 1 ... ,i,g4! alternatives lead to a balance, fa
<it'g6 4.tlfS mate. instance 1. .. 114 2.Ac4 a3 3 .b3 and 1,..ilac8
2.Af2 tlh6 3.c4 Ae6 4.Ae3 1Wb4 l.bg4
P. Skatcbkov - S. Mlrkovlc �g4 3.lare l �bl 4. tin �g4 5. tlO �bl a
Palic, 1995 draw.
b) eternal check
R. Kasimdzhanov - M. Adams
Tripoli (ml6), 2004
1 ... ,i,0! l.�gI 2. � tle4 mate, or 2. rJ?/1

tld3 3. <it'g I lah8 with fast mate l . . lab8 and
.
White resigns. Black moves - a draw

100
Combinations with bishop's sacrifice (AA)
Black has a pawn less and looks for a way lJia5 11dd3 3.g4 loses 3 . .1 f4 ef4 4.llaa8
11b2 3 Jig3 4.cit'fl 11bf.J 5.cit'el e4! 6Jiu8
to a draW; it gains that in the following way
••
6 . .1 d2 11g2 7 .'it' d l Ild3 8 . ll aa8 Ilgd2

L .1fl! l.cit'fl .cl 3.cit'e3 a draw, 3 .. .• c3
6..Jigl 7.cit'el llgI 8.cit'el l1 gl a draw.
••
4.'it'e4 tlc2 with eternal check.

c) simplifying to a theoretical draw
A. Obukhov - P. Tcegubov
If there is not enough material on the board
URS, 1 992
for a mate, a theoretical position of a draw
occurs. Among the most famous examples
is so called Loyd's position.
S. Loyd, 1 860
1 .1bl! it is weak l ...lLld6? 2. tlb8 'it'h7

•••
3 . .1e6 and White would win l.cit'bl lLlb6!

3..gl 3. tlb8 'it'h7 4.tlh2 lLla4 S.'it'al tlc3
6.'it'b l tlb4 3 lLlc4 4.cit'a l .cl! 5.cit'bl
•••
1!rb4 6.cit'd .a4 a draw.
1 .1hl! lLlgl if I ... 'it' h l then 2.'it't2 ! l.cit'el
•
cit'hl 3.cit'O! and theoretical position of a

K. Shantharam - D. Prasad draw occurs.
Madras, 1 994 V. Vigfusson - S. Mirkovic
corr. 200 1
1 .1a5! if 1 .. . 11d7 2.hS ! and White wins

••• Black moves - a draw
101
1 ,i,hS! l.'it/hS <itle6 3.'it/g4 'it/d6 4.,i,d3

••• M. Golubev - S. M irkovlc
ct>c:S S.a6 on S.<itlfS a6 6.Aa6 'it/b4 and a
Belgrade, 1 99 1
pawn is down S ... <itlc6 a draw, a theoretical
position occurs where the king is safe on
square b8 (Holzhausen, 1 9 1 0).
III Combinations for achieving material

advantage
The combinations with bishop's sacrifice the

aim of which is to conquer the material and
to gain decisive material advantage are
processed in this lesson.
B lack moves - winning
B. Spassky - M. Tal 1 ... ,i,t3! 1.g3 in case that White accepts

offered sacrifice 2.gf3 .d61 3 .YWd6 llh4
Tallinn, 1 973 mate, or 2. fIfJ llh4 3.<itlgl YWd4 with llgh8
and Black would win 1 ... '8g4 3.:&:3 lLld7
4.,i,fS if 4.•e7 151 S.Ah7 llg7 would follow
and White has no defense llh4 4... li:lf6
S.,i,g4 ,i, g4 6.t3 ,i, e6 and White soon
resigned.
L. Stein - T. Petrosian
URS (ch), 1 96 1
I ... ,i,tl! 1.'it/tl .f6 faster win was 2 • fS ...
3.<itlgl ffe4 this position is obtained with

several moves 3 . 'it/ e l on 3 . 'it/ g l ffd4
3 ...ffteS 4.'it/f1 4.<itldl 1!ffd4 S . 'it/e2 1!ff e4
4 ... ,i,a6 S.<itlgl YWd4 6.'itlgl YWe4 7.<itlgl if
7.<itlh3 llc2 8 .• c2 Afl l and Black would
win 7... ,i,b7 8.h4 YWhl 9.'it/tl llf7 IO.'it/el
YWe4 and White resigns, because of 10 .... e4 White moves - winning
1 1 ..e3 1 1 1 .<itld l lld7 1 2.lld2 1!ff h I 1 3 . <itlc2
Ae4] Aa6 12.<itld2 lld7 1 .,i,e6! and Black resigns, on 1 ... fe6 2. YWg4
and White gains huge material advantage.
1 02
Combinations with bishop's sacrifice (£A)
C Sc:hlechter - D. Przeplorka G. Kasparov - W. Browne

Nuremberg, 1 906 Banj a Luka, 1 979
l.£g6! and Black resigns, on 1 ... fg6 2 .• h6 Kasparov converts positional advantage into
q;rT 3 .tf!/h7 q;e6 4.tf!/g6 .1f6 S . .1f6 tf!/f6 material advantage in the following way
6.lac6 with conquest of the material. l .1h7! 'St'h7 2.tf!/e6 and Black resigns.
•
E. Bareev - A. Huzman F. Dus Chotimirsky - G. Rotlewl

Bugojno, 1 999 Karls bad, 1 9 1 1

1 . .1"! q;" Black decides to accept offered l .1h7! ladl in case that B lack accepts the
•
sacrifice, in case he does not accept the sacrifice 1 ...q;h7 2 . lad8 lad8 3 . :g3 lag8
sacrifice Black will lose a pawn without 4 .b4 ab4 S . ab4 with win 2 •• dl lad8 if
compensation and his king will be much 2 ... q;h7 3 .laeS ! covering fifth row 3 . . . fcS
weaker and exposed to permanent attack 4. tf!/ h S m a te 3.A d3 W h i t e conquers
2.tf!/f5 q;g8 3.tf!/e6 q;f8 4.lael and Black important pawn and weakens Black king's
resigns, on 4 ... tf!/g6 S.tf!/e7 'St'g8 6 .•d8 �g7 position 3...q;g8 on 3 ... tf!/fS 4 .• e2 4 •• g4
7.lae7 q;h6 8.tf!/h8 'St'gS 9.lag7 .c:6 5.lag3 and Black resigns.
1 03
S. Mirkovic - E. Zukanovlc W. Bialas - G. Stahlberg

Kragujevac, 1 974 Hamburg, 1 955
1.,i,t7! �t7 if Black does not accept the 1 .,i,g6! hg6 2. iVh6 White removes the
sacrifice and plays 1 . ..�fS after 2.J.b3 a pawns which defend king by b ishop 's
pawn more will remain to White 2.lLJg5 �g8 sacrifice 2 .... c7 if 2 . . . �e4 3 J i fS laf8
on 2 ... �e8 3 .li:}e6 and queen is mated 3.li:}e6 4.iVg6�h8 5.ladJ 3.b4 .g7 l... 1{)e4 4.laf8
iVe8 4.li:}c7 iVd8 S.li:}a8 and Black resigns. lafS 5.iVfS! �fS 6.li:}e6 �e7 7.�c7 �c 3
8.lad3 d4 9.lah3 and White would win, or
l... "e5 4.lafS lafS 5.iVg6 �h8 6.bc5 and
N. Sedlak - M. Drasko White has a pawn more 4.ID'B lan 5. .g7
Budva, 2003 �g7 6.bcS and White realizes material and
positional advantage in further course of the
game.
IV Other combinations
Those c o m b i nations where one who

combines gains some positional advantage
make the last group of combinations which
are divided according to the a i m . For
example: conquering a file, transition in
ending, taking initiative, promising attack...
As i t can be seen, causes of combinations
can be multiple. Combinations from this
White moves - winning group should start only when they are
thought through clearly and precisely, when
a l l moves are calcu lated and when
1.,i,c4! and Black resigns, on l ...�c4 2.iVe6
evaluation o fending position is fulfilled. The
�h8 3 .iVc4 a rook more remains to White. m i s takes in calculating variants and
evaluation of ending position are
i rremediable. I f it comes to that the
combination is believed to be incorrect.
1 04
Combinations with bishop's sacrifice (i.A)
Transition in ending S. Mirkovie Z. Klarle

-
Golubac, 1 97S
G. Kasparov A. Shlrov
-
Astana, 200 1
White moves
White moves I .AgS! hgS 2 • • gS B lack king has no

pawn's cover, the threat is .hS l. .nd7 10ses
.
The aim of Kasparov's combination is 2 ... lif.3 3.Af.3 �h7 4.�g2 Ah6 S .�h6 �h6
transition in favorable ending 1 .�g6! this 6.lihl .g7 7.lah6! .h6 8.lihl and White
move is educed, on 1. "d2? lic3 and Black wins 3• • h S the fo llowing variant i s
would win, on l. iIhgl �e8 2.fS lic3 ! 3 . h7 interesting 3 .•h4 Ah6 4.�gS lih7 S.�e6?!
�h8 4.fg6 liab3 S.cb3 lib3 6.�cl .a3 .c8 6.�ffl Affl 7 .•gS lig7 8 .• hS lih7
7.�d2 lid3 8.�e2 lie3 9.�f2 fg6 10 .• gS 9 .• gS with a draw 3oo.Ah6
laf.3 1 1 .�g2 lifS and Black wins l oo.lib3
2.eb3 .b3 3 •• b2 .b2 4.�b2 fg6 the
combination is ended; White gained minimal
position advantage, since this match is very
interesting here are the other moves S.h4
<t>h7 6.hS �h6 7.hg6 <t>g6 8.lihgl
4.�gS! alternative is 4.�f6 ! ? lih7 S.�h7

.h7 6.d4 Whitewouldhave the upper hand,
with move in the game White evokes big
complications which finally end in White's
favor 4oo.lafS? 4 .. . lih7! S .�h7 IS.�e6 .c8
6.�ffl Affl 7 .•gS lig7 8 .• hS a draw] 1!Vh7
6.laadl and White would have the upper
8oo.�f5? a blunder, should have been played hand S.�h6 lah7 6.�e6! lih5 7 .�e7 lie7
8 . . . � f7 9 .lid2 and White would stand 8.�g8 �g8 9.�dS �t1 1 0.f4 White realizes
slightly better 9.lad4 and Black resigns. gained position whereby its combination is
IOS
vindicated IO.H .lb7 1 l .lfJ nh3 1 2.ci!;lg1

• 1 .lh6! gh6 1. twd1 � h7 GM Bronstein
•
nch7 13.nhl nhl 14.nhl nhl I S.ci!;lhl went for this position, White has serious
and White wins later on threats and B lack has on disposal more
resumptions and that is the reason o f Black's
Space and cemer
trouble. This position was put on detailed
analysis and authorities' opinions about final
D. Bronstein E. Rojahn
outcome are different, main variant would
-
Moscow (01), 1 956 be 2 ... /l)cS 3 .nae l ! /l)d3 4 . .td3 cd3 S .WS
.le4 6.�bd4 ne8 7.�h6 �f8 8.twgS .tg6
9.ne7! ne7 1 0 . 8 f6 ne4 1 1 . 8 h 8 �e7
1 2.�hfS .tfS 1 3 .�fS �e6 1 4 . Ylh3 with
White's initiative 3.twh6 fS 4.�fS nfS
S .lrs material advantage is established but
•
B l ack k i ng's p o s i t i o n is hopelessly

weakened S.HM White realized advantage
in the following way 6.nadl .lgS 7._S
twf6 8.�d6 .lc6 9.twg4 ci!;lh8
White moves
l .de4!? �c4 1.twd4 �b6 3.c4 The aim is'"

fulfilled; White conquers the space and gets
in control of the center. However, the
practice showed that this idea is one step
from incorrectness.
Attack on the king

D. Bronstein P. Keres
-
IO .le4!? respectable ending of a brilliant

•
Geteborg (izt), 1 955 combination would be 1 0 . Yl gS ! 8gS

1 1 .�t7 �g7 1 2.�gS � f6 1 3 . .tc2! �gS
14.nd6 �e6 I S.f4 �f4 1 6.h4 �g4 17 .nd4
nf8 1 8.� h2 and White would win IOo .lh6 ••
1 l .lc6 dc6 1 2 . twc4 �cS 13.b4 � ce6

•
1 4 . twc6 and W h i t e won as t h e game

proceeded.
White moves
1 06
Combinations with bishop's sacrifice (�A)
s. Mlrkovlc - M. Todorcevlc J. R. Capablanca I Kan -

.
Yugoslavia (ch), 1 991 Moscow, 1 93 5
White moves White moves
1.�bS! gbS 2. .bS IlbS 2 . . . �6 3 . � fS 1.�g6! effective sacrifice which should

3.�fS .b7 or 3 �fS 4.efS .b7 S . •e 2 and
... crown good attack 1 c&>g6 1 ... �g6 2.�fS
•••
White is better 4 • e2 4.�h6? �6 S.gh6

• l..cl c&>f6 3 •15 c&>g7 4 •g4 c&>b7 5.c&>fl?
• •
�h8 4...�g6 S.bS? this led to advantage faster win S.IleS ! .g7 6.IlhS �g8 7.litgS
S.�g71 �g7 6.hS �hf8 7.hg6 �g6 8.Ilh6 (Capablanca) S • g7! 6 • g7 wins in
••• •
5. ilS 6.efS �f4? a mistake, the following

•• prosaic ending with a pawn more 6 c&>g7 •••
should have been played 6 ... e4! 7.f6 � eS 7.e7 Ile8 8.efl. Ilefl
8.fg7 �d3 9.�d l 1Wb2 1 0 .• b2 Ilb2 and
position is unclear 7.il4 ef4 8.f6 �b8
9.f5 with winning position for White.
9 •cl and White gains advantage which is

•
realized as the game proceeds.
1 07
Combinations with rook's sacrifice
(B: A)
Combinations with rook's sacrifice (�)
/ Mate combinations on 3... �g7 4.1!Vh4 .1h6 5 .• h6 mate, or

3••• f!lh7 4 .• f7 .1g7 5 . .1 t3 �h8 6 .•h5 �g8
A. Beliavsky V. Kramnik
-
7 . .1e6 �ffl 8 .• f7 mate.
Belgrade, 1 997
S. Gligoric A. Tolus
-
Yugoslavia - URS, 1 957
• B.. �
�,. .,.
' • .tB ' . " �
� •
�
�
U
E
_
.
d �.
_ �.
_ '�
�
. .t _ _
". .."B•
� iiWt
_
R p, �
� UO�
� .:- =
Famous Kramnik's combination with rook's
sacrifice is presented in the diagram.
1 .:t7! �t7 2 . .ig6 �g8 on 2 ... �g7 3 .• f'
1. :e3 ! 2.�f1 on 2.g5 .h2 3.�fl :f4
••
�g8 4 .• f7 �h8 5 .• h7 mate 3 .ih5! �h7
•
4.lad3 lag3 and Black would win 2 :c3!•••

4.'fWg6 �h8 5.'fWf6 and Black resigns, on
and White resigns, on 3.bc3 .1b5 4.�e I :e6 5 ... �h7 6 . .1g6 �h6 7 . .1 f5 (or 7 . .1f7 �h7
and mate is unavoidable, for instance 5 . .1e4 8.•g6 �h8 9.1!Vh6 mate] �h5 8 .•g6 �h4
tlHe4 (or 5 ... lae4 ] 6 .• e4 lae4 7.�d2 lae2 9.g3 mate.
mate.
S. Mirkovic L Jovic
-
G. Kasparov I. Smirin
-
Vrdnik, 1 99 1
URS (ch), 1988

t .:h6! gh6 1 ...�g8 2.•h4 lae7 3 . lah8 � f7
1 .:h6! .ih6 1.. .• c5 2.�hl lac l 3 . .1e6 4 .• h5 g6 5 .• g6 mate 2.'fWg6 �h8 3.'fWh6
mate 2 .ie6 � h8 3. 'fWf6 and Black resigns,
•
:h7 4.'fW f8 mate.
III
I. Bondarevsky M. Botvlnnlk
- way; simply he left the tournament hall.
URS, I 94 1
Steinitz showed following mate variant

Black moves - winning 4 ... �gS S.gg7! �hS 6.Wh4 �g7 7.Wh7
� S.WhS �e7 9.Wg7 �eS IO.WgS �e7
loo.IDa3! and White resigns, on 2.gh3 tl)df4
l l .wn �dS 1 2. Wf8 WeS 1 3 . tOn �d7
and mate on h3.
14.Wd6 mate.
W. Steinitz C Von Bardeleben

-
B. Ivkov L. Portlsch
-
Hastings, I S9S Bled, 1 9 6 1
l .ne7! White could conquer a pawn on W hite has left j ust a few seconds and
l .tl)h7 Wg4 2.tl)f6 �n 3.tl)g4 move in the question was - is there enough time to play
match is stronger 1 . �t1! brilliant answer
.. while pennon is still up? 1 .nc6! and Black
which says that Steinitz had worthy resigns, on I ... Ac6 2.tl)cS �aS 3.i.c7 mate.
opponent in this match, if 1 ...�e7 2 .ge l Hungarian GM did not want to check the
�d6 3.Wb4 �c7 4.tl)e6 �bS S.W f4 nc7 speed of mate performance so he correctly
6.tl)c7 and White wins 2.nf7! �g8 3.ng7! resigned.
�h8 4.nh7! Black resigned in a very rude
1 12
Combinations with rook's sacrifice (!lA)
J. Timman A. Karpov
- T. Zdravkovic S. Mirkovic
-
London, 1 984 Nova Pazova, 1 990
1 ... neS! sacrifice which drags away White I ... nbl ! 2.�bl White's moves are educed
queen from points f2 and 0 2.'8 eS Wf3 and unique 2. ••• b4 3.�d Wb2 4.�dl Wbl
3.�h2 W fl and White resigns, o n 4.�h3 S.�e2 'tW c2 6.�e3 Wd2 and White resigns,
�c8 5 . g4 no 6.Wg3 Wg3 mate. on 7.�e4 d5 mate.
M. Botvinnik P. Keres
- II Combinations for a draw
Moscow, 1 966 a) eternal check
The cases where rook is a sacrifice with the

aim to gain a draw with eternal check are
widely spread in practice. There are almost
no chess players who didn't at least once
achieve eternal check with rook's sacrifice.
F. Marshall A. Nimzowitsch
-
New York, 1 927
1.nbS! and Black resigns because the queen

was too occupied so it could not defend
simultaneously both point h4 and eight row,
on 1 . . . 'tW b8 fol l ows 2 . W h4 w i t h
undefendable mate.

1 13
1 Ilhl ! Z.�h l ! 2 •8 �f41 3. gf4 flh3

••• • on 1 ft>c8 2.,Ab7 and White conquers a
•••
4.�t2 Ilfl 5.�e3 tWO 6.�d4 fld5 7.�e3 queen 1.Ile6 � a7 2 . . . �a5? 3 . Ila61 and
IlO S.�e2 tWd3 9.�e l Ilfl mate, on 2. Wlc4 White wins 3.Ila6 �b8 4.Ila8! �e7 S.Ile8!
�h4 1 3.gh4 tWh3 4.�t2 flh2 with fibS and � b6 6.Ile6 a draw.
Black wins 1 ... tWh3 3. vrhl! it would be
wrong 3.�gl? tWg3 4.tW81 fibS 5.flg5 flf4 S. Mirkovie - P. Krstle
6. tWh5 tWh6 and Black would have the upper
Fruska Gora, 2004
hand in occuredr situation 3 . . fIfI a draw.
.
v. Smyslov - M. Tal
Yugoslavia (ct), 1 959

I .Ilg6! fg6 1..g6 �t1 on 2 ... �hS 3 .flh6
�gS 4.Ile3 f4 5.tWf4 Ilc7 6.Ilg3 Ilg7 7.Ilg7
�g7 8. tW 15 with eternal check 3. flf6 �e8
Black moves - a draw 4.flg6 or 4.tWhS �d7 5.tWg7 � dS 6.flf8
1 Ilgl ! l.�hl 2.�gl fldl 3 .�h2 flh5
••
tWeS 7.tWd6 with eternal check 4 ...� d8
4.�g2 tWo with eternal check 1 Ilhl !•••
5 ••f6 � e7 6 •• e7 . d7 6 ... � b6? 7.Ilbl
3.�gl Ilgl ! a draw. tWb5 S.tWd6 and White would win 7. fleS
tWc6 8 •• e7 a draw.
T. Wedberg - R. Kuczynski G. Greco
Novi Sad (01), 1 990

White moves - a draw I .Ile7! tWe7 Black is forced to accept a
sacrifice 1. _6 �t7 3. 1Wh7 �t1 4.1Wh8
I.Ile8! �b6 only, on 1 �7 2.,Af5 mate,
••• � t7 5.1Wh7 �f6 6.1Wh6 � eS 7.1We3 a draw.
l l4
Combinations with rook�s sacrifice (IIA)
b) stalemate E. Post - A. Nimzowitsc:h
Barmen, 1 905
Famous aphorism says "It's never late for
surrender", and the following examples are
showing it. Finding himself at the border of
catastrophe witty chess player does not
admit defeat and he is looking for salutary
combination for stalemate, etemal check, or
repeating moves. The motive for stalemate
combinations is often lack of his own king's
moves.
T. Gorgiev, 1934
1 ... lib8! and opponents accept a draw

because on 2.lib8 a stalemate occurs.
G. Nadareishvili, 1 974
Rook's exchange suits White, because as it

is already known that two kn ights can
stalemate only in special cases (in presence
of one pawn).
l.nc:7! libl Black tries to use material
advantage, if 1 .. .lic7 pat 1 .lic:1 on 2. �c2?
nel and occurred ending would be a win From roo k's exchange White does not
because Black establishes coordination of benefit because in that case only mate pieces
all pieces and represses White king at the remain on the table.
border of the table 1...lib8 a draw position
l .lic:4! loses I . lib4? .tc5 2.lib5 lib5 3 .�b5
would occur in case of rook's exchange,
tnb7 and Black wins 1 ,i,d8 l . . . tnc4
•••
because two knights at proper defense have

stalemate 1.lic:8 lib8 3. lic:7! lib3 ! on
no possibility to mate 3. lic:8! libS 4.lic:5!
3 ... tnb7 4.11b7! lib7 stalemate 4.lic:8 4.lia7?
lic:S stalemate.
�b8 5 . lib7 �c8! and Black avoided a
stalemate 4 lib8 5. lic:7 .tc:7 stalemate.
•••
1 15
D. Makhatadze, 1988 sacrifice with the aim to gain material is a

light motive in large number of matches.
Brilliant games of World Champions are
showed first here.
G. Stahlberg - A. Alekhlne
Hamburg. 1 930
The ending of a famous study is presented

in the diagram l.gc4! .c4 stalemate.
A typical case of White's impre c i s e
advantage realization is presented i n the next Black moves - winning
example. White allows opponent's king to
come in stalemate position:
l oo.gB! here White resigned, in case 2 .• g5
IU2! 3.8e3 gn 4.8g1 ggl S.� gl tl}e2
6.� hl gn mate, on 2.tl}f3 .e3 and Black
wins the material.
R. Fischer - S. Gllgorlc
Rovinj/Zagreb, 1 970
loo.gB! 1.c;t>e4 gr4! 3.�e5 glS! and after

black rook's takeover a stalemate occurs.
III Combinations for achieving material

advantage White moves - winning
l ,gr6! and Black resigns, if I,.. � 2.tl}hS,

In refer to other categories this group of or 1,.. � 2 ..i.gS and in both cases queen is
combinations is most widely spread. Rook's down.
116
Combinations with rook's sacrifice (IlA)
M. TaI - J. Tlmman G. Kasparov - V. Ivanchuk

Skopje (01), 1 972 Linares, 1 994
1.lleS! feS 2./l}gS .if6 in case 2 ... 8c8 l .:teB! 8h2 2.�n 8g2 2 ... lle8 3 .a6 and
3 . .1g7 q;g7 4.8h7 �ffi S.lll S e4 mate 3./l}e6 White wins 3.�g2 White gains a decisive
and Black resigns. material advantage, which is realized in the
following way 3 ... d4 4.8b7! Ilb7 S.llhB
A. Karpov - L Morovic IlbS 6.a6 � a7 7.llfB Ilb2 B.llt7 �aB 9.a7
cl IO.llfB! and Black resigns.
Las Palmas (ml3), 1 994
A. Van Den Hoek - M. Euwe

Denn Haag (m/2), 1 942
l.llhS! �hB 2.8hl �gB 3 .tf6 8g3 agony

•
prolongs because other possibilities give Black moves - winning

nothing either 4.fgl 1le2 S.�h3 gf6 6.�g4
and Black resigns. 1 ... llb2! 2.llb2 8eS 3.1l1b1 8h2 4.�n
.1f4! and White resigns.
l l7
E. Lasker - V. Pirc: originality, on 1 .. . ne3 2 .• d5 12. .4e3 121f3;

Moscow, 1935 2. It'e3 l2lfl ; 2.l1d3 12l0 ! ) .c3 3 .85 g6
4 .• t7 8g7 5 .• g7 rtJg7 6 . .te3 l2lfl and
Black would conquer a piece.
A. Huzman - G. Kasparov
Retimnom, 2003
I.nm! gf6 1.•h5 �d8 if 2. .. rJ1d7 3 .8 t7

.te7 4.1215! ne8 5.nd l d5 6.121dS and White
wins (Lisicin), or 2. .. �7 3.lb5 ! e5 4.lbd5
�d8 5 . .tb6and White wins (Backer) 3.e" White moves - winning
.td7 3 . . . .te7 4 . lb f5 ! ne8 5 .lbd6 .t d6
6 . .t b6 .tc7 7.nd l with wins (Lisicin) '"
l �dS! ....
u . e8 on l . . . ouu
r.. .. .....
'S 2 . u g7 mate, or
4. ttf6 �c:7 S • h8 a material advantage is
•
1 . . . .45 2.lbe7 and the queen is down 1..tc4
gained which is realized as the game and Black resigns.
proceeds.
J. KHanat - J. Neistadt V. Vastc: - S. Mirkovlc:

corr. 1 967 corr. 1 977

I nel ! White resigns afterthismove which
••• I nbl! l. �bl 2 . � a l .t e 6 ! 1 . . . • b6
• ••
entered the anthology because of i ts 3.�aI 3 .lbb5 .te6 4.nd4 .tdS 5 11d5 ab5
118
Combinations with rook's sacrifice (I:[A)
Black wins a materia1 3 m.B 4.�bS White

••• A. Stipic - S. Mirkovlc
has no defense, on 4.litb l "b l ! 5 . �b 1 �c2
Cetinje, 1 985
mate 4 .i.e6 and White resigns.
•••
P. Keres - S. Gllgorlc
Yugoslavia (ct), 1 959
1 liteS ! 1 .•eS �bS and White resigns

•••
because it loses a queen.

D. Minic - R. Fischer
l .litg7! .i. g7 1. " g4 the threat is � h6 RovinYZagreb, 1 970
2. .... rs 3 ..rs and Black resigns.
.
A. Alekhine - S. Flohr
Bled, 1 93 1
I litbl! would not be good 1 .. .� c3? 2.t#;c 1

•••
�d1 3.'it>d1 litd4 4 . .i.d3 and Black would

lose the attack l.litbl �c3 3.t#;c1 on 3. t#;a1
White moves - winning .a3 with a mate 3 •&3! silent move which
•••
concludes right away 4 .i.d3 " al 5. t#;dl

•
l .litcS! and Black resigns, on 1 .. ... e3 White .bl 6. t#;e1 �e4 and White resigns.
has inter-move on disposal 2.litd8 t#;f7 3. fe3
stays with a rook more.
1 19
IV Other combinations
This group contains combinations the aim

ofwhich has positional nature, for instance
a qu ality sacrifice. The quality is the
difference between rook's strength and
minor piece's strength. Side which sacrifices
a quality usually gains strong initiative
which can later outgrow in attack on a king.
An initiative can in some cases lead to
material advantage. It is important to
emphasize that combinations with quality
4 ... d5! the most resistant, faster defeat 4 ... a4
sacrifice are not always d i rected to
S.8d6 lae7 6.8dS! ladS 7. ladS laeS S.j,cS
opponent's king.
S.edS! on 5 .4.dS? lac2! also winning was
•
5. �h6!? 5 00 6.d6 laf6 6 ... la O 7.d7

•••
R. Fischer B. Lusen
7.AgS .b7 7 ... 'f!Jd7 8. .dS ! 'fJn 9.j,f6
-
Portoroz (izt), 1 9S5 8.Af6 A f6 9.d7 l:ldS IO.1Vd6 and Black

resigns.
G. Kasparov V. Anand -
Tilburg, 1 9 9 1
White pieces are ideally lined, and it takes a

genius to use that s i tuation. F ischer
conducted effective quality sacrifice which White moves - winning
forcibly led him to a victory. Very important
role in calculations had bishop b3 which Black king is in the center of the table and
represented White's key piece. presents an excellent object for attack. White
knights have a key role in following events.
UihS! ghS 1 ...j,d4 2.!td4 ghS 3 .g6 !teS
4.gf7 �h7 S .• d3 and White would win 2.g6 Kasparov finds forced winning.
eS 2 ... e6 3.gf7 �f7 4.j,g7 rJ;; g7 S.lagl �h7 I .laf6! gf6 2.ltJc:e4 .d4 second attempt of
6 .• g2 .eS 7 .• g6 �hS S.lagS lag7 9.lahS the defense with 2 ...•c7 would lead into
�gS 1 O . j,e6 �flJ 1 1 .lafS rJ;; e7 1 2 . laf7 and defeat also after 3 .• hS laflJ 4 . !t h 6 ! fS
White would win (Fischer) 3.gf7 rJ;;f8 4.j,e3 S.lt)fS! efS 6 .• f6 �eS 7.ltJd6 rJ;; d 7 S.lt)bS
1 20
Combinations with rook's sacrifice (gA)
3. 'fWhS llfB 4.11d I ! fle3 5. flh4 flf4 6 • el

• Quality sacrifice, as the name says itself,
lla4 7.'fWc3 11d4 8.11d4 flfl 9.� hl ed4 presents transformation of s trengths
(stronger piece for weaker). Andthat means
that conditions, where opponent's stronger
piece does not have way to demonstrate all
its opportunities, and piece w i th less
strength, o n the contrary, has ability to do
that, have to be fulfilled.
These conditions can be: seriously weakened
pawn structures, difficulties with rook's
activating (related with deficiency in opened
files), not so good king 's position, etc.
N. Padevsky M. Botvinnlk
-
10 • cS! point, it would be wrong I O .• c7?

• Moscow, 1 956
Ad7 1 1 .'ffc S 'ff f4 ! 1 2 .g3 fleS 1 3 .�fS �d8
14.'fWf8 �c7 I S .�fd6 tthS with unclear
position (Kasparov) IO... �d7 11 .�bS! .f4
ll.g3 and Black resigns.
V. Smyslov C. Hansen
-
Biel (izt), 1 993
Black moves
1 llc3! quality sacrifice which changes the
••
rhythm of the match, White is forced to

move in defense, and minimal material
advantage is weak comfort 1.bc3?! should
have been played 2.gf6 ge3 ! 3 . fle3 A f6
4.gadl �b3 S.ab3 a6 and Black has the
upper hand, and it is interesting that this
White moves - winning position was seen in the match Rubanov -
Borisenko, COIT. 1 960; all of this was familiar
l.llg6! fg6 1 •g4 Aa6 2 ... �t7 3 .�b6 'fWb8
to Botvinnik who examined this position in
•
4. Ad3 gS S . f4 and White would win 3 • e6

detail l ..�e4 3.'fWg4 .c8! 4 gf3 if 4.fS eS
•
�h7 4.Aa6 11a6 5 •• f7 11d7 Black is forced

. .
S.�f3 �b3 6.ab3 'fWc3 7.gael dS 8.f6 AcS

to bring back material, after 6. 'fWd7 White
and White's attack gained nothing 4.. �b3
remains with a pawn more and with safe play
S.ab3 fS! 6.'fWh4 the following should have
he wins.
been considered 6.gf6 ! ? llf6 7.fS efS 8.�fS
A f8 with llg6
121
Airaculous world of combinations
all that brings to conclusion that Black's

position is won, just a bit better technique is
needed to realize the advantage
6 e5! 7.libl h6 8 • ia5 . cl now all

••• •
weaknesses of White's position are visible

9.lldl ed4 10idl on 1(1.gh6 de3 I l .hg7
'8g7 or 10 .4IJ4 .'8 c2 1 1 .gh6 �f6 and in
•
5.c4 5.Aa7 b6 6.11ab l Aa8 7.Ab6 '8d7 no
both cases Black wins 10_ .m! final strike defense from '8c6 5_ •c7 6.lladl b6 7.!ltl
•
1 l.gh6 �g5! 1 1 ... �f6 1 2:!Vg6 11.!lgl . hl Aa8 8.h3 gfS! opening of g-file decides
13. �tl � and White resigns. 9.gf5 �h8 1 0 . � h l Ilg8 H . ll g 1 .c6
U • g5 . e4 Il . A d on 1 3 . c 3 Ve2 !
•
G. Raviosky V. Simagio
-
1 4 . '8 g 7 11 g 7 1 5 . 11e2 � f3 w i t h wins
Il �4! and White resigns.
•••
Moscow, 1 957
S. I1ic - S. Mirkovic
Belgrade, 1"974
Black moves
White threats g5 w i th repressing o f

opponent's knight, but White moves I .!l c l!
•
Black moves
1.bcl a bit better is 2.Ac3 �e4 3 . Ad4 with
aim to avoid doubling the pawns on c-file 1 lld4! 1. .d4 �g4 l • c4? more resistant
••• •
1. � l.�dl � d1 4 • d1 Ac6 situation

•• • is 3 .e5 .a5 4.�d5 e6 5.�f6 Af6 6.ef6 .h5
changes quickly, White has no active play 7. '8d2 .c5 and Black has the upper hand
and king's position is weaken, while double l • b6 4.�hl . el 5.�d5 .dl! and
•••
pawns are the weakness on the queen's side; White resigns.

122
Combinations with rook's sacrifice (IiA)
M. Matulovlc Z. Krnlc
- Although White saves the quality and moves
the game towards ending it stays in defensive
Yugoslavia, 1982
position with weakened pawns on queen's
side. Darkside bishop has bigger strength
then any rook. Further in the course of the
game Black wins.
Z. Vukcevic S. Mirkovlc
-
Nova Pazova, 1 973
B lack moves
I ... O--O! brilliant idea, Black sacrifices the

quality and stops the attack; the only thin�
left for White is to accept the challenge, It
would be weak 7,.. tj;fB? 8.a3 ! or 7,..g6?
8.lOdbS ! 1.i.h6 g6 3. i. n . n though
White has a quality more he has problems
also: has to defend points c3 and eS, the king Black moves
remains behind in the centre and opponent 1 . .. lig4! 1. hg4 i. f4 3 . ltl d5 White
rules B l ack squares 4 • g3 ltlc6 on
•
overestimates own possibilities, better is
rectilinear 4 ... . cS possible is S.a3 ! ? Wd4 3.bcS .h4 ! ? (3 ... 10 0 4. gO 1!Vh4 S.life l
6.ab4 lOb4 7. i.d3 10 8c6 8.f4 lOd3 9.cd3 Wh3 6.cd6 i.h2 7.<it'h l i.g3 with eternal
lOb4 1 O .<it'd2 b6 with excellent White's checkJ 4.g3 Wg4 S.Wb7 lOO 6.�g2 lOh4
playing and full compensation for quality, with a draw 3,. • d7 4.lOf4 4.0 Ag3 with
•
A Rodrigez J . Spilman, M exico 1 980

-
unclear playing 4,..ef 4 5.0 lieS 6.life I lie3
S.lOc6 bc6 6.a3 i. a5 7.b4 i.c7 S.ltldS cdS 7.<it'1l more resistant would be 7.lie3 fe3
9.Wcl i.b6 1 0. i.d3 .g7 1 1 .0-0 i.b7 7 ... .e7 S.lie3 fe3 9.ct>gl .e5
n.liael d6 1 3 • a l deS 1 4 • eS . eS
• •
IS.lieS i.d4! 1 6.liel licS
I O.lie I ? and if Black does not make a
123
mistake he is to win, because White has no V. Ljublinsky - V. Simagln

useful moves; centralized knight has a big URS (ch), 1 939
strength because it literally controls whole
table, it followed IO... �f3! 1 l .gf3 .b2 and
White resigns.
N. Sedlak - D. Vellmlrovlc
Valjevo, 2000
Black moves
1 AhB! the idea applied for the first time
• ••
in this match, "In complex middlegames the

active Black bishop is not weaker then
passive White rook, however it is necessary
White moves to notice that analog sacrifices are not always
correct , in concrete case the following
Uid4! ed4 2.Af3 �h7 on 2 . . .•cS 3 .• d7 elements justify the sacrifice: a) opened b
laae8 4.11b l with White's initiative 3.AdS file along which Black rook operates, b)
llbB 4 •a7 llbS on 4... 1ft2 S.Af6! llf6
• portable pawn's center" (Simagin) 2.Af8
6. flb8 and White stands slightly better .f8 3.a3? better is 3 . �a4 3 .ll bB 4.Ad3
••
(Sedlak), or 4.../4 S.Ae7 llfS 6.Ad6! with cS! the threat is c4 S.edS �dS 6.�a4 Ad7
compensation for quality S.Ab3 f4 6.Ae7 7 • aS A a4 B ••a4
•
llb7 7 •cS lac7 S..d6 lac6 9 •dS lafS

• •
IO •f3
•
B •h6! the fastest way to win 9.f4 �f4

•••
IO.lad2 Ab2 1 1 .� d l Ad l l.gn ll bl

and White gains advantage which he realizes mate and White resigns.
as the game proceeds.
1 24
Combinations with queen 's sacrifice
(V!eA)
Combinations with queen's sacrifice ("A)
I Combinationsfor a mate A. Alekhine - Amateur

Quashed mate
One of the most pleasing combinations is

quashed mate. It is about the king who is
surrounded with its own pieces which
disturb it and take away its movability.
Lucena was the first one to note this topic in
his book which was published in 1 497.
J. Lueena, 1 497
1.lOg6! c.th7 1.1OeS c.th8 3.1Ot7 c.tg8 4.1Oh6

.
c.th8 s. "g8! Ilg8 6.1Ot7 mate.
P. Morphy - Amateur
Paris, 1 859

1 .8e6! c.th8 1.1Of7 c.tg8 3.lOh6 c.th8
4.8g8! Ilg8 S.IOt7 mate.
The idea of quashed mate is to bring the
opponent's king in total immobil ity, which
is caused by it being surrounded with its own
pieces. To realize this idea, which is result
of harmonic queen's and knight's attack, White moves - winning
following conditions are necessary and
mandatory: 1.lOeS! c.tb8 everything would trivially end
diagonal check with the queen; without the combination 2. tfld7 mate 1.IOd7
double check with the queen and the knight; c.te8 3.lOb6 c.tb8 4. "e8! Ile8 S.lOd7 mate.
queen's sacrifice
When these conditions are fulfilled the Other techniques
knight mates on a critical square. Today this
combination has historical significance, but Collection of combinations where queen is
apart from that, the beauty of queen's a sacrifice is endless. Other mate techniques
sacrifice and creation of mate leaves strong are presented in the following examples.
esthetic impression.
1 27
M iraculous world of combinations
Reiner - W. Stelnltz N. Evseev - S. Flohr

Vienna (ml4), 1 860 Moscow, 1 949
Black moves - winning B lack moves - winning
I •hZ! 1.IDal litll mate.

•••
I ... litcz! 1 • g3 on 2. fN4 litg21 with a draw,
•
or 2. ilgl fld l ! 3 .�e4 i.e4 4 .• e4 lith2 1

S.�h2 flhS 6.�g3 Ah4 7.�h3 i. f2 mate
A. Anderssen - L. Kleserltzky 1 ... . d3! 3 • d3 litll 4.�14 litlhl and
•
London, 1 8S 1 White resigns.
// Combinations for a draw
Combinations fa- a draw where the queen

is a sacrifice are rare in practice. With its
beauty and esthetic they are not behind
combinations for a mate.
Eternal check
L. Ljubojevic - B. Gelfand
Novi Sad (01), 1 990
The position from famous ''immortal match"

played in the bar is presented in the diagram.
It is interesting to mention that this match
earned bigger glory than matches played on
London Tournament in 1 8S 1 . Anderssen won
and became history in the following way
1 ."6! lOf6 1.i.e7 mate.

128
Combinations with queen's sacrifice (BA)
1 ."f6! gf6 Lbc3? 2.et7 li:l t7 3.li:le6! WaS? v. Simagin - L. Aronln

4.tLlg7 Ag7 S .We7 mate 1.tLldS B a7 it is
URS (ch), 1 947
also possible 2 ... 'tWb7 with a draw 3.li:lf6
�d8 4.tLldS �e8 defeat would be 4 ... Ae7?
S.Ae7 �e8 6.Ad6! 1!rd4 7.tLlf6 �d8 8.e7
mate S.tLlf6 �d8 6.tLldS a draw.
G. So - S. Mariottl
Las Palmas, 1978
1 e4! l .. ..d l ? 2.Ag6 mate 1 .Ba4 ,th 1

••• .
3 .� hl A g3 a draw.
R. Sallai - V. Saharov
Black moves - a draw COIT. 1 97S
1 tLle3! l. gcl gal 3 � h 1 M 4.� gl a

.•. .
draw.
M. Suba - S. Mlrkovlc
Belgrade, 1984
1 ."h6! � h6 in case that a sacrifice is not

accepted after 1 ... �m would be followed
by 2.Wh7 tLlg7 3.gg3 and White would win
1 . gh3 �gS 3.tLlh7 or 3.gg3 3 ... �g4 4 gg3
.
Black moves - a draw a draw.

1 Wb4! a draw because of the variants
••
2. f!JW ge2 3. �fl gf2 or 2.11gB �g8 3.Wb4

ge2 4.�fl gf2 S. �gl llg2 with eternal
check.
1 29
N. Kopaev I. Vistaneckis
- III Combinations for achieving material
advantage
URS, 1 949
G. Kasparov A. Karpov
-
Moscow (mll ), 1 985
1 .. :fif1 ! 2.<t>f1 lbe3 3.<t>e2 on 3 .'\ttg l lbd l White moves - winning

and Black would win 3 lbc4 a draw, on
I .• d7! Itd7 2.Ite8 <t>h7 3 . .i.e4 and Black
•••
4. '\ttfl �e3 with eternal check.

resigns.
G. Mazzoni Y. Kraidman
- E. Geller - L. Polugaevsky
Tel Aviv (01), 1 964 URS (ch), 1 96 1
White moves - a draw White moves - winning
I .• h6! .Ah6 1 . .. �e8 2.�g7 �g7 3.�g5 I ••h6! <t>g8 on l . ..gh6 2.�f6 '\ttg7 3.�d7
and White would win 2.�h6 <t>r,7 2 ... '\tth8 White conquers the material 2.It e8 and
3 . .i.f6 mate 3.�fS <t>g8 4.�e7 <t>g7 a draw. Black resigns.
1 30
Combinations with queen's sacrifice (tWA)
P. Keres B. Spassky
- c. R. Torre - E. Lasker
Goteborg (izt), 1 955 Moscow, 1 925

I .tWg7! �g7 l.lbd7 �g8 3.lbf6! � f7 I.Af6! tWhS l.lag7 �h8 3.laf7 �g8 4.lag7
3 . .. �h8 4.lbe8 and White would win 4.lbdS �h8 S.lab7 �g8 6.lag7 �h8 7 .lagS! �h7
and Black resigns. 8.lahS � g6 9.lah3 �f6 1 0.lah6 and Black
resigns soon.
S. Mirkovic I. Boljevski
-
Belgrade, 1 9 8 1 A. Alekhine F. Saemisch

-
Berlin, 1 923

I. tWg7! lbg7 l.lbf6 �f8 on 2 . . �h8 3.lbd5
.
on 3 .. Jib5 4Jie8 lbf8 5.laf8 mate 3.lbh7! l .fe6! Ag3 l.ef7 �h8 3.lbdS! and Black
�g8 4.lbf6 �f8 S.lbdS labS 6.Ac3 White resigns because he loses material in all
conquers a pawn and wins soon. variants.
131
S. Rasidovlc - S. Mlrkovlc B. Larsen - T. Petroslan

Yugoslavia (ch), 1 991 Santa Monica, 1 966
l ... 'fJ'tJ! 1.lItJ 'J.tJ 3....g1 e4! on 3 ... J.g2 I.•g6! �f4 on 1 . . . �c7 2. 'fIg7! *g7 3.lIgS
4. Ci!?g2 lId2 S. Ci!?0 lIc2 6 . .1e3 with counter <i!i>h7 4.lIh3 mate 1.lIf4 fg6 3 .1e6 lIt7 if
•
play 4.�e1 lId1! and White resigns, on 3 ... Ci!?h7 4.lIh4 .1h6 S . .1h6 gS Ion S . . . lIfS
S.�f4 gS ! 6 .... 0 eO 7.�h3 .1c3 6.lIfS gfS 7.J.f! eS 8.lIh3 ] 6.ggS ",b6 7.cS
with material conquest 4.lIt7 *h8 S.lIgS!
R. Fischer - P. Benko b5 6.lIg3 and Black resigns.
USA (ch), 1 965166

Y. Seirawan - E. Lobron
Arnhem/Amsterdam, 1 98 3
I .•e8! and Black resigns, on 1 . . .lIe8 2 . .1dS Black moves - winning

with material conquest, a mistake would be
I . .1dS? because 1 . . . lIdS. With a move from I .... fZ! 1.citJfZ in case that White plays
the match White guides rook from d-file. 2 ... t2 lIc l 3 .• fl lIn mate 1... lIb1 3.citJtJ
.
lIeI and White resigns.

Combinations with queen's sacrifice (.A)
A. Lilienthal - J. R. Capablanca IV Other combinations

Hastings. 1 934/3S The queen 's "positional sacrifice" belongs
to this group of combinations. A queen's
sacrifice for gaining individual positional
conveniences is rare. By rule the side which
sacrifices a queen should gain active play
of its own pieces. Occurred positions are
very dynamic. and important precondition
for success is: the king of the side which
sacrifices a queen must be secured.
Queen 's sacrifice for a rook is very rare and
it is not easy to subtract positional pluses
which could compens ate such a b i g
deficiency o f the material.
M. TaI - L. Aronin
l .ef6! .cl l.fg7 lag8 3.�d4 . e4 on URS (ch). 1 9S7
J.. Bd2 4.laae l �eS S.laeS �d7 6.ladS
.
�e8 7.lae l . e l 8.� e l lag7 9. �d2 and

White would win. or 3... .3 4 .laael �eS
S.laeS �d7 6.lae7 �d6 7.�bS and Black
loses the queen 4.laael �c5 5.lae4 � e4
6.lael lag7 7.lae4 and Black resigns.
O. Maiorov - F. Frltsche
corr. 2000
White moves
l .hg6! lad3 l.lad3 variant 2 . gh7 �h8

3.lad3 �e6 4.lag l .h6 would be i n favor
of Black loo.hg6 3.lah7 White threats 0 with
lad2-h2 3 ... lac8! it would b.e weaker 3. 0.
.,
4.lad8 .d8 S.lah8! �h8 6.�t7 �g8 7.�d8

�c8 8.�c3 with win. on J .,Oe6 4.�e6 �e6
•
S.lag7 �h8 6.0 .c8 7.lad2 as 8.lah2 �h3

White moves - winning 9.lat7 ab4 1 0.ab4 .e6 I l .lae7 . f6 12.lah3
�g8 1 3 . lab7 and White would have the
I .• h6! gh6 l.�h5 �e7 3.�d5 �e6 4.lan ! upper hand 4.13 lac6 5.lan S . fg4? laf6
and Black resigns. on 4 ... �d7 S.laf8 �e6 6.ladh3 lan 7.�b3 1!Vd6 and only B lack can
6. lac8 �c8 7 .lag8 �d8 8.�g4 with material think about victory 5 ... 'fIf7 6.�f7 �f7 7.fg4
conquest. �f6
1 33
8.1:Id7 occurred rook's ending objectively 4.g4? loses right away, more resistant would
is a draw, and all White's illusions about be 4 . .A.cS d2 (4 ... lIe l ? ! S.tthS g6 6. tth6
winning disappear very quickly 8 1:Ib6 ••• lIft 7.�fl lIe l 8.�t2 lIe2 9.�fl lIel with
9.�c3 �g5 10. a4 a6 1 1 .�c:4 �g4 a draw, eternal check) S ./ll d2 .l d2 ! 6.ttb3 .lh3
on 1 2.�cS lIc6 1 3 . �dS lIb6 14.�cS with 7.lIdl lIg2 8.�hl lIee2 9.J.gl h6 1 0.ttO
repeating the moves. .le3 I l .lId8 �h7 12.tte4 fS 1 3 .We3 lIh2
14 . .A.h2 lIe3 and Black has safe ending
V. I lic: - S. Mirkovic: 4 .te4 5.lIO .to 6. tlVd3 1:Igl and White
•••
Vlasotince, 1 982 resigns.
Complicated game appears in cases where

a queen is sacrificed foc two minor pieces,
which can be best seen in the next example.
R. Nezbmetdinov O. Cbernikov
-
URS, 1 962
Black moves
1 1:Iel ! on 1 ... 8d7 2 . .A.e7 and White would
•••
conquer the quality but position would still

be full ofcomplications 1.J.d6 in case 2.lIel
lIel 3. tte I ttc6 and B lack would win
1. .l:I I e1 3. tlVdl .td! this is the point of
•
the combination, white king is the target of

black pieces' attack, where pair of bishops White moves
and pawn on d3 which is a constant threat
for its progression stand out; control of V lrf6 ! /lle1 inter-move which provides
important points d2 i e I is realized with Black with two tempos 1./lle 1 ef6 3./ll c3
move in the match White pieces have excellent coordination,
1 34
Combinations with queen's sacrifice (tWA)
the threat is .1d4 with �dS 3 ne8 the ••• I _ Ad3! 1.,i,aS .i.cl 3.nn fS 4.Ab6 ab6
alternative is 3 ... dS 4.lDdS .1e6 S.lDf6 wg7 White pawn's structure is weakened and the
6 . .1d4 Wh6 7 .h4� W. Pietzsch J. Maedler,
- center is destroyed s.no �7 6.Ilg3 lla4
Aschersleben 1 963 4.lOdS ne6 S .1d4 �g7 • 7.tWO ne4 7 ... .1e4 8.fJlc3 ! .tb4 9.ab4 lita l
it is also interesting S bS ! ? 6.lOf6 n f6
• . . I O.Wd2 and White would improve position
7 . .1 f6 .1b7 8.nadl fJlc7 � : � L Gat - G. 8.nd ? right is 8.fJle2 lite4 9.lite3 and that
Szilagyi, Tel Aviv 1 966 6.nadl d6 7.nd3 would decrease striking force of black pieces
.1d7 8.nO White reinforces the attack on 8_ Ad6 9.tWel lit�4 10.ncl Af4! 1 1 .ng7
square f6, while the queen is static 8 .1bS •••
Ab1 U. tWe4 fe4 13.lld1 Ad6 14.lld4 eS
9.Ad tWd8 10.lOf6 Ae1 1 O .1ft 1 1 .lOg4
• • •
I s.ne4
wg8 1 2 . .1e6 fe6 13 .IOh6 mate 11.lOb7 �
U.nb3 neS 1 3.f4 A n 14.�n ne8
IS q;e6 Black gains advantage which is

•••
realized later as the game proceeds 1 6.b3

I S.Ad4! it is weaker I S.feS?! deS 1 6 . .1dS bS 17.litb4 bS 18. �e1 AeS 19.IlgS ,i,d4
litc3 1 7.bc3 q;g7 and White would lose the 10.nbbS na8 11.nb3 na3 11.ng8 eS 13.g4
offense IS bS 1 6.lOgS ne7 17.At7! Ilt7
•••
llal 14.�0 na lS.�g3 nb1 16.gS nb3
18.litb8 �b8 1 9.1Ot7 �b7 10.lOd8 and 17.�g4 litb3 18.�b3 �dS 19.96 e4 30.nb8
Black resigns soon. b4 3 1.q;g4 �4 31.q;f4 and White resigns.
A. Kapengut - M. Dvoretzky B. lvanovie S. Mirkovie

-
URS, 1 978 Yugoslavia (ch), 1 99 1
Black moves Black moves

13S
1 •e5! 1 . .ae5 it would be wrong 2.�g6?

•• • A. Suetin V. Bagirov
-
gf6 3 . .i.h7 5! 4 . .i.5 rJ:Jg7 5. "g4 �f6 and

URS (ch), 1 963
Black would win, or 2.1Jh 7 �h7 3 . .i.e5 �gS
4 . .i.g6 fg6 5. "d4 lit7 6. "dS �h7 (6 ... ilf8?
7."e7 ilt7 S."eS ilffl 9."g6 ilt7 1 0.h4 and
White would have advantage] 7. "h4 with
equal position 1... �4 3 .ad6 it is weaker
•
J.�h 7?! �h7 4. "h5 rJ:JgS 5. Wb4 ffi and

Black would have the upper hand, or J. II'g4
lDg6 4 . .i.g6 fg6 5. "d4 IlgS 6 . .i.g7 ilg7
7. "dS ilgS S. " f6 with equal chances
3 .ild8 4 .ae7 ild4 S .ab4
•• • •
White moves
I. "g7! rJ:Jg7 1 . .af6 rJ:Jb6 best for Black is

2 ... rJ:Jg6 ! 3 .ilafl "e3 4 . .i.d3 �h6 5 . .i.dS
"h3 6 . .i.g5 rJ:Jg7 7 . .i.f6 �h6 S . .i.g5 with a
draw repeating moves; however practical
playing and domestic analysi s are very
different; queen's sacrifice appears to be
uncomfortable psychological strike 3.ilafl
"e3 4 . il b S rJ:Jg6 S . il b 4 ! interesting
S eS! Black has compensation fa sacrificed
••• position, White pieces are concentrated
material, it would be wrong 5 ... Ilb4 6 . .i.b5 around opponent's king; threat is .i. h5 with
and White would win 6. "el? decisive mate, Black is forced to bring back material
mistake, right is 6 . " 0 ! .i.e6 ( i f 6 . . . 5 5. .a f4! 6.ilbf4 bS 7 .ad8 ild8 8 .ad3 ild3
•• • •
7."h5 ! .i.e6 S . .i.fl ilcS 9. .i.g3 ! and White 9.cd3 "d3 IO.ilf6 rJ:JgS
wins] 7 . .i.e7 ileS S. .i.c5 ild5 9. .i.a7 iledS
with chances for both sides 6 .ilb4 7."eS
••
.ae6 8.g3 ila4 9.b4 rJ:Jg8 9...ila2 10. "e4

g6 1 1 . "e5 rJ:JgS 1 2.h5 with counter-play
IO.bS b6 1 l .ac1 ilc4 White's pennon is
•
down at tough position, on 12 . .i.b3 ilc l

1 3 .rJ:Jg2 .i.b3 14.ab3 ilacS
lI .iln material balance is established, but

according to position White has the upper
hand and White wins as the game proceeds.
f:»� � T T...., �EE
Strategic motives
Strategic motives
Every chess game represents life for itself. the new way of analyzing games, that is,
What do we remember good chess games eliciting the crucial moment and its detailed
by? First of all by the motive that decisively explanation.
influenced the outcome and which is divine
All games played can be cl assi fied by
spark of life in a chess game. For instance,
motives. In each of them a theoretical news
sacrificing two rooks, in "immortal game",
and its importance are emphasized.
playing on weak spot, king's evacuation
from endangered zone etc, and the number Demonstrated material has been collected
of strategic motives is unlimited. for more than fifteen years and used in
preparing my most successful students
Motive is a monument of a brilliantly played
grandmaster Nikola Sedlak, Bojan Vuckovic
game. It has decisive role and bril liant
and M ilos Perunovic.
successes are remembered by it. We are
talking about the motives that had positive The power of a chess player depends greatly
aim and were realized successfully. on knowing motives, a powerful chess player
is the one that studied and understood a great
In this chapter several typical strategic
number of motives.
motives are discussed. Essence consists of
139
KING'S EVACUATION
The characteristic of this strategic motive is king's maneuver which can be applied in
defense and offense.
N. JovallOvic (YUG) Shalimov, Alushta (UKR) 2000.

A. Hasidovsky (ISR) 14 • • • Ile8 I S.Iladl ec7
COIT. 200 1
B3 1 - 1 .e4 cS 1.�tJ �c6 3 .abS g6 4 .ac6
• •
bc6 5.� .ag7 6.Ilel �h6 7.c3 � 8.d4

cd4 9.cd4 d6 I O.�c3 f6 1 l .h3
The aim is to limit bishop cS, and pawn c6
is a suitable object for the attack. White's
plan is clear- to put pressure on central files.
11 ... �f7 1 2.b3 .ad7 13 .abl e5
•
H f!f1l5 1 4 J i c l lii a dS I S .lii c 2 lii fe S

. . .
16.�d2 "gS 1 7.lie3 f3 I S.�f3 1!VhS 1 9.ef3

.a fS 20. lii c e2 ± J. Speelman - J. Shaw,
England 200<Y0 1 . 16.dS?!
IJ... "6 14.Ilc l IladS I S .ec2 eS 1 6 .lii ed l Suspicious reaction, blockade of the center
IlfeS 1 7.�a4 tt a6 I S.�d2 .ah6 1 9 .1ii b l is benefit for Black, right is 1 6.deS ! feS
tte2 20.�c3 t!khS 2 1 .�fl tth4 22.�g3� 1 7.i.a3;;!;; with pressure on point d6.
S. Rublevsky - S. Iskusnyh, Russia 1 995. 16 • • • cS 17.1!Vd3
11 .. f!fc7 14.Ilc 1 ttb7 1 S.liic2 liiadS 1 6.liid2 1 7. 1!V e3 lii f8 ! I S . � d2 lii a bS I 9 . � c4 fS
lii feS 17.1!Val i.e6 I S.dS .ad7 19.dc6 i.c6 20.i.c l f4+
2 0 . � 44 i.d7 2 1 . � c2 �eS 2 2 .f4 i. h6
17 fS!
23.�dS .ae6 24.�ce3 �d7 2S.lii c 2 �cS
• • •
26.1!Vd l liicS 27. liic4� I. Glek - E. Ballo, Blockade of the center means action on the
Senden (open) 1 995. side, Black's plan is directed on castling by
pawn's strike after f4-gS-hS-g4.
14.1!Vdl
18.Ild
14.1!Vc2 ed4 1 S. �d4 fS 1 6.lii a d l f4 1 7.�f3
"e7 I S .� e2 ;;!;; E . M irosl}.nichenko v. - IS.�d2 ( l S . .acl Ilf8 1 9.�gS �gS 20 . .agS
140
King's evacuation
h6+] gffl 1 9.lll c 4 a5+ with playing on both

sides.
I S...f4
l S . . . gffl 1 9.1lld 2 gabS 20.lllc4 as 2 1 .gc2
fe4 22.lll e4 a4 23.ba4 Aa4 24.gce2=
19.1lld 2
Second possibility 1 9.ge2 would change
nothing because Black in that case plays
on two sides while White passively waits
29. �fl ! �gS 3 0 .h4 h5 3 1 . g l c 2 �h7
for situation development.
32. � e l �gS 3 3 .�dl �h7 34.�c l �gS
19 ... gabS 20.lllc4 Af6 35.�b l �h7 36.'8e2 'tWb7 37.gcl �g7
It would be weaker 20. ..'8dS 2 1 .lll b l '8f6 3 S.'8b5 '8aS 39.f4 �h7 40.'tWe2 'tWb7 4 1 .g4
22.lllbd2 g5 23.lll a 5 g4 24.lllc6 gbcS 25.hg4 hg4 42.'8g4 'tWe7 43.h5 'tWf6 44.� a2 �g7
Ac6 26.dc6= 4 5 . hg6 '8g6 46. '8h4 Ae7 47. '8t2 � ffl
4S.lll d2 gb7 49.lll b 3 g a 7 5 0 .'8 h2 Af6
5 1 .gcS gad7 52.lll c 5 b3 53.�b3 gd6 54.f5
gb6 55.�a2 l : O T. Petrosian - W. Unzicker,
Hamburg 1 960.
Petorosian's plan was based on active and
dynamic possibilities of the position; he
moved king on b l , and then with pawn's
attack endangered opponent's monarch at
king's side and he won. Meanwhile, analogy
plan in our match has defensive function.
Detailed explanation was given in the
21 .�f1 ! comment at the end of the match.
Blockade of the center with 16.d5?! brings 21 gS?
•••
nothing good to White, Black still plays on It should have been tried 2 1 . . . h5! with �g7,
two sides: g5-g4, if White puts the queen on d 1 then
pawn's position on b3 gives possibility ghS and Black would have more active
to attack on queen's side from a7-a5-a4, position than in the match.
on king's side from g6-g5, h7-h5, g5-g4
22.'8dl
this is typical king's Indian attack.
The move in the match presents fantastic 22.'8e2 AcS 23. '8h5 'tWd7 24.lll e 2 �g7
idea- to evacuate the king from endangered 25.�gl g4 26.gc3 ggS=
zone with aim to move towards the center 22 �hS 23.'8hS �g7 24.�e2 gfS YZ : YZ
•••
of the table on square d3 where it feels the Following could be 25.gh l a 6 26.gc2 Ab5
most secure. Ex World champion Tigran 2 7 . h4 Ac4 2 S . bc4 gb4 2 9 .hg5 lll g 5
Petrosian elaborated this ingenious defense 30.�d3= and White successfully realized
and successfully realized in practice, for plan based on king's evacuation from
example endangered zone.
141
Strategic motives
ADDITIONAL MATCHES T. Petrosian L LJuboJevle

-
Manila, 1974
King evacuates in two ways:
a) removing king on the opposite side so it
does not disturb its own pieces in
performing attack; also not to become a
target for attack, for example:
E. Cohn A. Nimzowltsch
-
Carlsbad, 1 9 1 1
White moves
Whi te has the u pper hand because i ts
constant pressure on point d6 1 .\tID ! to
realize the advantage it is necessary to
evacuate the king on b2 and after that play
g4 in order to open position on king's side
and create conditions for attack 1 ... lIfB
1.\tIel "e7 3.\tIdl lIf6 4.\tIc1 WdB 5.0
lI ff7 6. " g l " e 7 7 . \tIbl lIdB B. " d l
Alekhine's lining 0 frooks and a queen which
Black moves
binds opponent's strengths for defending
In order to crash White's defense a pawn point d6 B ... lIfd7
attack on king's side is necessary. But, this
would open king 's position. So B lack
decides to evacuate the king on a 7 1 \tIg7!
•••
lJ!a \tIf7 3.\tIhl \tIe7 4J!d .cl s .• a

\tId7 6.lIel .e6 7.\tIgl lIg4 8.lID 8.lIe2
lIe4 9.�h2 "c l l O.\tg2 .dl l l .�h2 "d3
with �c7 8 "e7 9."0 \tIe8 10 •a \tIb8
••• •
I l .\tIh3 \tIa7 evacuation is over, next plan

is g5 ,h4,f4 l 1.lIgI "d7 13.\tIhl "d6
14.\tIh3 "e6 I S.lIel 'fi' e6 1 6.\tIhl f h4
17.\tIh3 'fi'e6 IB.\tIhl We7 1 9.\tIh3 "e4
10.lIgI "e6 11 .\tIhl lIe4 n.lIcl 22.lIel
9.g4! I f White king had stayed in the zone
g5 23.hg5 h4 24.gh4 f4 with lIe3 11...lIe3
of kingside castling this attack would not
13."f4 lIel 14.\tIh3 \tIa6 15.b4 ab4 16.ab4 have been effective because after opening
\tIbS 17.lIe7 "e4 1B. 'fi'e4 lIe4 19.lIg7 lIe6 of g-file the king could have been exposed
3O.lId7 \tIe4 3 1 .\tIgl \tId4 31.\tIO \tIe4 to opponent's rooks and queen attack
33.bS d4 0: 1 9 \tIhB I O."gl lIg7 1l."e3 \tIh7 11."gS
•••
142
King's evacuation
.i.e8 13. tWf6 lle7 14.ghS ghS IS.llgl lldd7 tWe6 18. tWdl �f6 1 9.tWa4 White places its
1 6.�bS tWcs 17 lld6! White conquers a
• pieces on the best positions 1 9 .i.b7 •••
pawn and as the game proceeds realizes 10.�b7 llb7 1l.�a6 tWd7 n.tWcl �h8
materia l advantage. Petrosian appl i e d 13.llb3 1 :0
identical plan versus Unciker. In both cases
position was static and weaker side was b) with aim to remove it from endangered
without counter-play. zone because of safety:
G. Kasparov DD Fritz
- D. Yanofsky - L. Portisch
New York (ml3), 2003 Stockholm, 1 962
White moves Black moves

I.�dl ! king's evacuation on queen's side 1 �f8! Black intents to evacuate king to
•••
in order to avoid danger from attack of queen's side in order to avoid direct attack
opponen t's p i e c es, and to estab l i s h after g4-gS 1.�h1 .i.c6 3.�dS .i.dS 4.OOS
coord i nation o f pieces o n king's s i d e lldb8 S.llebl llb7 6.a4 llab8 7 .i.n llb4
•
1 .i.e6 1.�cl lld8 3.llcl �bd7 4.�b1

•• • 8 .i.c4 ll8b6 9.� gl tWb7 I O. tWcl �e8
•
�f8 S.a4 �g6 6.aS �e7 7.a6! temporary ll.�tl �d8 1lohS after this move White
pawn's sacrifice after which defending of 100ses chances for attack on king's side
point c6 is weakened 7 ba6 8.�S lldb8
•.• 11 ... �e7! the king comes back on h7 where
9.g3! principal solution, also it could be it is safe and Black has open way for action
considered 9.�a2!'? 9 .i.gS IO .i.gl tWg6
••• • on queen's side 13.�gl �f8 14.�tl r:tJf7
ll.�al king comes to safe place; realization IS.�gl_�g8 16.�tl �h7 17.�e3 tWa7
of positional advantage fo llows which 18.�tl llb8 19.�gl llc4! effective quality
consists of attack on weak points a6 and c6; sacrifice after which Black has initiative
a big role i n further course of the game unites 10.tWc4 llb4 11. tWc3 tWa6 11.�tl c4 13.bc4
pawn on b6 1l �h8 1 l ....i.c8 ! ? 1 1.�a1
••• llc4 14.tWa3 tWc8 1S.lld1 llc3 16. _1 tWc4
.i.d7 13 .i.c3 �e8 14.�b4 ideal location for
• 17.�1 � b3 18.lle1 tWd3 19.1lbel �d4
knight from where it attacks weak points 3O.�hl tWh3 31 .llh1 tWf3 31.�gl tWg3
14 ... �g8 15.llbl .i.c8 16.lla1 .i.h6 17 .i.n
• 33.�fl �f3 0: 1
143
KING IN THE CENTRE
King in the center, in the beginning phase of the match, presents the weakness in most
cases. Typical motive for using king's bad position is pressure over central file.
G. Kasparov (RUS) IO hS?!

•••
A. Karpov (RUS) Right reaction is 1 0 . . . d4! 1 l . � e4 .i. e4

12 . .i.e4 � 7c6oo
Linares, 2001
B 1 2- I.e4 c6 l.d4 dS 3.eS .i.f5 4.�c3
4.c3 e6 S . .i.e3 1!rb6 6. '8b3 �d7 7.�d2 f6
S.f4 gS ! ? 9.�gO gf4 1O . .i.f4 .i.h6 ! I I ..i.h6
�6 12.ef6 �ffi 13 . .i.e2 llgS 1 4 .• b6 ab6
1 5 .0-0 �e4 1 6. �e4 .i. e4 1 7. � e l � fS
I S . .i. O �e3 1 9. 11 f2 .i. fS 20 . .i. e2 q; e7
2 1 ..i.d3 cS 22 . .i.f5 �f5 23.�0 hS � : � A.
Grischuk - P. Leko Linares, 200 I.
4 e6
•••
4 ... 8b6 S.�O IS . .i.d3 ! ? .i.d3 6.8d3 e6

1 I •el!
•
7.�ge2;;!;; 1 e6 6 . .i.e2 �e7 7. 0-0 .i.g4 S.�a4

1!rc7 9.b3 bS 1 0 . �b2 �d7 I I .c4;;!;; A . Typical motive, pressure over central file
Grischuk - A. Karpov, Linares 2001 where the king is located. Although e-file is
half open Kasparov organizes a strong
5.g4 .i.g6 6.�gel �e7
pressure over it. An old idea applied slightly
6 . . . cS 7.M hS S . � f4 �c6 ! ? 9.�g6 fg6 covered, for example
1 0.�e2 cd4 I I . � d4 ;;!;; A . Shirov - P H
Nielsen, Bundesliga 200 1 .
7.�f4 cS 8.dcS �d7 ! ? 9.h4
9.�bS?! �c6 the pawns cS and eS are weak.
9 �eS IO .i. g1! ?
••• •
lO.hS?! .i. e 4 I I .� e4 de4 12. 8dS 11dS

13 . .i.g2 �O 1 4 . .i.0 eO+;
lO.bS �7c6 I I .1!re2 a6! ? 12 . .i.a4 .i.cS !
1 3 .hS .i. e4 1 4 . � e4 de4 I S . .i.c6 �c6 l .l1e l ! f6 2.1!re2 8d7 3.11ac l c6 4.dS! cdS
1 6 .• e4 8d4 1 7.8e2 8eS I S.�d3 8dS S.�4 q;r! 6.�e6 llhcS 7 .• g4 g6 S.�gS !
19.11h3 �d4 20.8d I 11dS 2 l .�cS 8cS q;es 9.11e7 ! � I 0. 11r! q;gS I I .ng7 q;hS
22.c3 � 23.11d3 0-0 24. .i.f4 8bS 2SJidS 12 .11h7 1 : 0 W. Steinitz - K. Bardeleben,
ndS 26.8e2 8dS � : � M. ApiceUa - R. Hastings I S9S. 1 2 . . . q;gS 1 3 .11g7! q; h8
Fontaine, FRA (ch) 2000. 14.8M q;g7 I S . 8h7 � 1 6. 8hS q;e7
144
King in the centre
1 7 . •g7 � eS l S . •gS rt; e7 1 9 . •t7 � d8 1 6.8g4 �g2 1 7 .• g2 885 l S.g6 ! ? f5 1 9.h6

20 .• fS .eS 2 1 .�f7 rt;d7 22. •d6 mate. Iih6 20.Iih6 gh6 2 1 .0-0-0 .c5 ;t
The plan which Steinitz applied is based on I S.�bS
constant pressure over central file where
It would be weaker than the move from the
Black king is located. B lack did not do
match 1 5. f4 f6 1 6.h6 � t7!?oo
castling on time and a l l its prob lems
originate from there. The difference between IS ... �d7!
this and main m atch i s that Kasparov
performed permanent pressure over half The best defense, White has the upper hand
o pen e-file. Si gnificant strengthening after 1 5 . . . •a5 16 . J.d2 8dS 1 7.J. f4±
according to match. 1 6.h6! ljj e S
1I ljj7 e6 l2.ljjg 6
•••
Relatively the best, if 16 ... g6 17 . .!.e7 rt;e7
12.gh5? J.f5 + l S.J.d5 ! �c5 19.0-0-0± Lukaes
1 2 �g6
••• 17.J.f4
Besides the move from the match following
variant would also lead to advantage 1 7 .hg7
IigS l S. J. f4 ! ? IicS 1 9.0-0-0±
17 �f8
•••
Kasparov suggests 1 7...• a5 ! ? l S.c3 0-0-0

19.hg7 Ii hgS 20. J.c7 but Black does not
stand good after changes 20 . . . •a4 2 1 . J.dS
�S 22.h5 Iig7 23.�fl ±
18.hg7 �g7 1 9.� �f8
1 3.J.gS! Black could try 19 . . .• a5 ! ? 20.rt; b l !? IiagS

2 1 .J.d2 � J.c3, c4 . It is hard to estimate if
1 3 .�d5 J.c5 1 4 . J.g5 �ge7 1 5 .• b5 f6 this possibility would have changed the
16 .• c5 �d5 17.0-0-0 "fIIe7 1 S .• b5 0-0-0 outcome. Anyhow the battle would have
1 9 . J. d2 hg4 20 . •c4 �b6 2 1 ..g4 Iid4 been interesting.
22 .• g3 IihdS 23 .J.c3 Iid l 24.Iid l Iid l
25.� d l �a4 26 . J.c6 Yz : Yz A. Shirov - A. ZO rt; b l
.
Karpov, Monte Carlo (blind) 2000. Kasparov has pleasant choice; also he could
13 ... J.e7 14.ghS �f8? have played 20.c4 ! ?±
The alternatives are 14. . t2:Jh4 1 5 .J.h4 J.h4
. ZO... a6?!
16.J.d5 J.e7 1 7.J.c6 bc6 1 S .• c4! ? c7 1 9.
Practically he loses forcibly, now White
O-O-ot, 14 .. t2:Jge5 1 5 .f4 ! �c4 1 6.0-0-0
pieces are ideally lined for attack, better is
.
.a5 17.J.d5! edS l S. J.e7 .b4 !? 19.J. f6!

20 ... 8a5 2 1 .c4 !?±
�6e5 20.�a4 gf6 2 1 .fe5 0-0 -0 22.b3± the
best possibility 14 . .4,5 1 5 .hg5 � f4
.. ZI.ljje 7 Iie8
145
Strategic motives
16.c3
2 6.1Wc4 Ilh7 27.IlcS? Ilh4 ! +
26... f6
More resistant would be 26 ... Ilh6 27.IlgI
/tle6 2S.IlhS IlhS 29.tthS+-
27.Ilgl /tld8
27 . . . Ilb4 2S.IlcS ! J.cS 29. tte6 Ilt7 30.ttcS
�7 3 1 .ttb7+-
28."g4 �e8
1l .i.d5!
•
2S . . . /tlt7 29.IlcS+-
It would be weaker 22./tldS edS 23. J.dS
.b6!? 24 .•g4 IldS 2S .• 5 IldS;t 29Jlb5 Ila
1l ed5 23.Ild5 1!rc70

•••
29... IlhS 3 0.tthS /tlt7 3 1 . IlgS+-
23 �47 24 . Il h S ! IlhS 2 S . • hS J. f6
•••
26.J.d6 1tle7 27./tldS+-

23 J3c 7 24 . Il d S J. d S 2 S . J. d 6 ! /tle7
•••
26.WeS+-
24 .i.c7 Ilc7 25.IlfS!?
•
2S.hS /tle6 26.1I'e3+-

25 Ild7
•••
25. .4.46 26.ttdl Ilb6 27.Ilg l +-

••
25 €J44 26. tteS+-

••• 30.IlcSrid 31.1!rh5 1 :0
146
A DDITIONAL MATCHES b) File half opened
Ifking is backward in the ccnter (the castling A. Alekhine - M. Euwe

was not on the time) usually the motive is
pressure over central file. Leiden (m/8), 1 93 7
a ) The file i s opened
M. Suba - S. Mlrkovlc
Belgrade, 1 984
White moves
In this example White opens critical e-file,

and after that engaging of the seventh row
follows I.Aa6! rIb8 2.e4! outcome is close
2 ... bS 3 • f4! rIb6 4.edS .d5 S.llhel A e6
•
Black moves 6.rIad ! f6 7.rIe7 'ft1d8 8.rIa7 1 :0

Decisive impact on outcome has opened d
file where Black puts pressure and engages S. Mirkovic D. Kostl�
-
second row with a rook loo.h3 ! 2.gh3 tQb4! Porce, 1 974

3.ab4 AD 4.rIgl q"hS 5.tQa8

S... tQe4! on S .... b4? 6 .• c3 move in the
match controls the point c3 6 • c4 rId2
• 1.1le6! fe6 2 •g6 q"e7 3.tQf5! ef5 4.rIel
•
7.Abl .b4! Y2: Y2 on 8 • b4 rIe2 9.q"fl llf2

. tQe4 on 4 ... tQeS S .lleS q"d7 6 .• fS q"c7
with eternal check. 7.11dS ,i,d6 8 . .ld6 with win 5.,i,d6 # 1 :0
147
DECASTLING OF THE KING
The king is decastled if it has no possibility fa' castling, if attacker pulls it out from castling
area. The cases are different but problematic is the same. The fact of decastling itself does
not always justify action with the aim of mate.
M. ApiceUa (FRA) .e7! 15.lIel ll1d7 16.ll1ge4?!

J. Lautier (FRA) 1 6 .Ac6 bc6 1 7 . ll1g0 cS 1 8 . � c4 lIfd8
19 .• a4 f6+
Clichy, 2001
1 6 ... Ae6 1 7.ll1b3 f5 1 8.ll1d6 e4 1 9.Ae2
A4S -I.d4 Il1f6 2.00 g6 3.Af4 Ag7 4.e3
Il1de5+ 20.ll1b5 lIad8 2 1 .1l15d4 f4 22. .cl
0-0 5.h3 d6 6.ll1bd2 cS 7.cl IOc6 8.Ad
AdS 23.ll1c6 Ac6 24.ll1d4 AdS 2S.Afl
Ae6
�6
2S . . . 0 +
26.ll1b3 e 3 27.lIadl �h8
27 ...•gS+
28.fe3 fe3 29 •• e2 A h6 30. A g3 A e6
31 .ll1d4 Il1d4 32.cd4
32 .lId4 A a2 33 .lIa 1 Ag8 34 . lIa7 lId4
3 S.cd4 Ag7+
32.... g5 33.�h2?
9.�5?!
33 .AeS � g8 +
Suspicious quality move, it is known 9.0-0
.b6 1O .•c 1 llacS 1 1 .Ah2 cd4 1 2.cd4 Ah6
1 3 .Ad3 1l1b4 1 4 . A b 1 .a6 1 S .a4 Il1fdS
16 .lIe l Il1d3 1 7 .Ad3 .d3 l S .• b1 Il1 f4
1 9.Af4 .b 1 20 . lIab l A f4 2 1 .lIe2= F.
Krudde S. Loemer, Netherlands 200 1 .
-
9... Ad7
9 ... AdS ! ? lO.e4 h6
1 0."
1 0.dcS dcS 1 1 .e4 h6 12 .�gO Ae6=
33.... g3!
10...cd4 1 1 .ed4?!
Classical idea, with queen sacrifice (which
New impreciseness, better is 1 1 .cd4 eS
must be accepted) White king is decastled
1 2.deS deS 1 3 . Ah2 'fJe7=
(pulls out from castling area). "The drama
1I ... e5 ll.de5 deS I3.Ah2 Af5+ 14.At3 of decastled king" consists of several acts:
14S
j Oecastling of the king
a) pulling out king from castling setting b) .ie8 39.�e6 �g1-+ (Lautier).
chasingkingby checks c) mate action in the
3 S ... .idS 3 6 . c;&g4 .i e6 3 7 . c;& f3 .i d S
center or somewhere in the corner of the
table. All three acts are presented i n 38.c;&g4 h S 39.c;&h4
following match.
1 .'8'h7! �h7 2.lt�f6 �h6 (2 ... �h8 3.ltJg6 39... c;&g7?

mate) 3.ltJeg4 �gS 4.h4 (faster mate would
M i stake after which Black m i s ses the
be after4.f4! �f4 S.g3 �f3 6.0-0 mate) �f4
victory, worthy match ending would be
S.g3 �f3 6 . .ie2 �g2 7.11h2 �gl 8.�d2
39 . . . .i f7 ! 4 0 . '8' b S lldS ! 4 1 . '8' dS .idS
mate, Ed. Lasker G. A Thomas, London
-
42.11c l �g7 43 .11cS llfS-+ (Lautier).
1 9 1 2.
40.g3 gS 41.C;&hS An 42.c;&g4 Ae6 43.c;&f3
34.c;&g3 .if4 3S.c;&f3
AdS 44.c;&g4 Ae6 4S. C;&f3 AdS 46.c;&g4
3S.�h4 gS 36.�hS .if7 37.�g4 hS 3 8 .�fS Y2: Y2
149
Strategic motives
ADDITIONAL MATCHES lOg8 8.�g4 lOf6 9.�fS lOdS 1 0.�g4 lOf6

H . �fS lOg8 12.�g4 lOf6 13.�ts lOg8 14.
P. Potemkin - A. Alekhine �g4 AgS! IS.�gS 11t7 16.Ah4 l1g6 1 7.
�hS 11fg7 18 .AgS 11gS 19.�h4 lO f6 20.
St Petersburg, 1 9 1 2 lOg3 l1g3 2 UWd6 113g6 22.•b8 l1g8 0: 1
C. Hamppe - P. M eitner
Vienna, 1 872

I. .as! first act 2.�tl educed, on 2 .lJJ2
.. •
ll:} e3 3.Aa5 ll:}dl-+ or 2. tJtd2 ll:} e3 3.8a5

ll:}g2-+ 2...ll:}db4 3.lOfS .fS 4.g4 lOd3 Black moves - a draw
king's journey - second act S.�g3 more
resistant is 5. �fl 'f}b5=i= S... lOd4! 6.gfS lOts I . Atl! 2.�tl .h4 3.�e3 .f4 4.�d3 dS!
. .
7.�g4 hS 8.�h3 lOtl # 0: 1 S.�e3 .e4 6.�b3 lOa6! 7.a3
Y. Averbakh - A. Kotov
Zurich, 1 953
7 ... . a4! 8.�a4 lOeS 9.�b4 as 10.�eS

1 0.�c3? d4 1 1 .�c4 b6 1 2.�d5 f6 1 3 .�c6
�d8 with a mate 10... lOe7 I l .AbS �d8
Black moves - winning 12 . Ae6 b6 1 3.�bS lOe6 14.�e6 Ab7
IS.�bS 1 5.� b7? �d7 1 6.'f}g4 �d6 and no
1 ....h3! 2.�h3 11h6 3.�g4 lOf6 4.�fS defense from 11hb8 mate I S... A a6 16.�e6
lOd7 4 ... lOg4! 5.lOf4 11g8 6.lOh5 11hg6-+ 16.�a4? Ac4! andno defense from b5, mate
(Stalberg) s.ngS 11fB 6.�g4 lOf6 7.�ts 16 ... A b7 Y2: Y2
1 50
ATTACK OVER h-FILE
Castling attack could be performed on two ways: with pawn 's attack and using pieces.
Which way is going to be applied depends on concrete position. The object of attack are
weak points. In following match a typical motive is discussed - attack over h-file which is
preceded by a combination with bishop's sacrifice on gs.
E. Vasiukov (RUS) Typical motive, combination with bishop's

sacrifice with aim to open h-file and to attack
L. Van Wely (NED) the king. B lack does not have to accept the
Moscow, 2002 sacrifice but in that case because of threat
of pawn's attack from g4 Black stays in
Bs3- 1 .e4 cS 2.�f3 d6 3.d4 cd4 4.fld4 � OO weaker position. The technique of attack is
S.AbS Ad7 6. A OO AOO 7.�c3 � f6 LAgS brilliantly demonstrated in following classic
e6 9.� Ae7 1 0.lihel O-O I J.c�bl f1a5 match.
l 2.fld2 fla6 13.�d4 mea 14.f4
This is the move which U. Bens suggested
in 1 990 with evaluation that this position is
u ncertai n , the alternative is 1 4 . f3 b s
( l 4. . .i. e 8 I s .g4 Iic4 1 6.Ae3 liac8 1 7.h4
Af8 1 8.gs �d7 1 9 .hs � S . Tereladze - I .
Ga ponenko, Warsaw 2 0 0 1 ] I s . g4 b 4
1 6. �ce2 Ae8 1 7 . �g3 h 6 1 8 .Ae3 �d7
1 9.Ah6 Af8 20. Ags �es 2 1 .�hs Iics oo
l .h4! h6 2 .�ds hgs? (2 ... Ads 3.eds �d7
V. Epishin - S. Dvoirys, Leningrad 1 990.
4.Ae3 Af6 s .t!!V d2 �es 6.�es Aes 7.f4
14.. .h6? Af6 8.g4 Ae7 9.gs h5 1 0.f5 1 : 0 S. Mirkovic
Wrong move, proper is 14 . . .bs I s .•d3 .b7 - M . Goj ic, Belgrade 1 989] 3 .� e7 ! .e7
1 6.Af6 Af6 1 7. lie3 b4 1 8.�ce2 as 1 9.94 4.hgs �e4 s.lihs IVe6 6.lidh l fs
Ae8 20.gs Ae7+ T. Muc - P. Jaracz, Poland
1 992.
Anthological combination follows, by which

White ends attack over h-file 7.�es ! deS
8.g6 I :0 A. Alekhine - Mindeno, Amsterdam
1 933.
15.h4! 1 5....c4
151
Strategic motives
1 5 ... hg5 16.hg5 tl}d7 17.gh l g6 I S.g4 �g7 20.gbl

19.9h7+- 20 .• h2 fe6 2 1 . .hS �f7 2 2 . !l fl .i f6
16.g4 �f8 1 7.f5 bgS 23 .lifti gf6 24.• h7 � 25.gfti+-
20 fe6 21 .b3 .b4 22.gb8 �f7 23 • f4
On 1 7 ... .id7 wins I S . .ih6!
••• •
.i.f6 M.lib7
1 8.bgS tl}d7 24.gf6 tl} g6 2 5 . e t2 ghS 2 6 . fg7 �g7
I S ...tl}g4 19.fe6 �gS 20.ghl fe6 2 1 ..g2 27.tl}e6 �gS 2S .• f6 gh7 29 .• g6 �hS
�3 22 .•h3 .ig5 23.b3 tl}dl 24.tl}dl .ie4 30.tl}d5+-
25.bc4± 24 �g8 25.gf6
•••
19.fe6 tl}e5 25 .gdhl ed4 26.gf6 tl}f7 27. gg7 �f8

2S .• g5 ! +-
25. �b7 26••g5
••
26 .gh l �g6 27.fg7+-

26 lic7 27.tl}e6
•••
27.lihl �gS 2S .• h5+-

27 liac8 28.fg7 �g8 29.libl .i.e4 30.E1b8
•••
�f7 31 .tl}c7 ecl 32.g8. 1 :0 32.gS. ggS

3 3 . "gS � f6 3 4.tl}eS �e7 3 5 . • f8 �dS
36 .•d6 tl}d7 37.tl}f6#
1 52
Attack over h-ti.le
A DDITIONAL MATCHES S. Boden - H. Bird

London, 1 869
M. Tal - R. Byrne
Biel (izt), 1976
White moves
White moves Better pieces position and control over

important central point dS give White solid
l .h4! hg5 1 . .. ll fd8 ! ? 2.hg5 ltle4 3•• d3! positional advantage, it is necessary to open
i.g5 JM. �J 4.bc3 g6 S. fih3 ! �g7 6 .• h6 h-file and that could be gained by bishop's
c;!;>g8 7 .llhl +-; J... t;JgS 4.llhl �g8 S.fgS f6 and knight's sacrifice l .ltl f4! fgS on l . ..a6
6.g6+-; J...fS 4. 1!Vh3 �g8 S.ltle4 i.e4 6.g6 2.ltlcdS bS 3 . hS h6 4.ltlg6 �h7 S. i.d2±
i.h4 7.t!\Vh4 ll fe8 8.ltlfS ! +- 4.ltle4 i. e4 2.ltlg6 hg6 3.hg5 ltlh6 4.gh6 A g5 5.�bl
5.lle4 i.h6 6.g4 f5 7.lle6 i. f4 i.h6 defeat would be S ... gh6 6.ltle4 �g7
7 . ll h6 ! c;!;> h 6 8 ./DgS . f6 9 .• h4 �g7
1 0 .• h7 �m l Ui h l lle7 12 . • h6 �g8
1 3 .ltle4 .g7 1 4 .• g7 c;!;>g7 I S .f6+- 6••g6
lle7 7.f6! .e8 8.n .fS
8.ltlfS 1 : 0
9.llh6! gh6 I O. ll h l liIe6 I I . . e6 �h7

12.ltle4 lle7 13.ltlgS <iPh8 1 4.liIh6 .h6
IS •• h6 1 :0
I S3
COMPENSATION FOR THE QUEEN
The queen can be compensated in several ways. The rook and the bishop successfully
make up fa the strongest piece in following cases: good coordination of pieces; rook's
brake through to seventh (second) row; strong pawn on seventh (second) row and bad
king's position. Other compensation cases exist which are not analyzed in this book. If
queen's equivalent is the rook, minor piece and the pawn, then i t is "Lasker's compensation".
G. Kasparov (RUS) I t would lead to forced draw 1 7 . . . • b6

(Kasparov) 1 8.as !la7 19 . .1h7 �h7 20.llh3
B. Gelfand (ISR)
c,!.lg8 2 1 .!Vhs 1'5 22 .• h7 c,!.lfl 23 .• hs �g8=
Astana, 200 I but White is not satisfied with sharing the
C07 -1 .e4 e6 1.d4 d5 3.�dl cS 4.�gf3 cd4 point. Positional queen ' s sacrifice i s
5.ed5 1!rd5 6.Ac4 1!rd6 7.0-0 �f6 8.llel motivated with good coordination o f Black
Ae7 9.�e4 �e4 pieces; thereupon White has no possibility
to use minimal positional advantage. This
Follow up is known 9 ...• c7. is classical idea, which was first pointed out
1 0.lle4 �c6 1 1 .�4 0-0 U . A f4 ffc5 by Lask er. This motive is b r i l l i antly
13.�c6?! demonstrated in next match, where GM
Boleslavski with his own rook came down
it is better 13 .Ad3 ! (Kasparov) lld8 14.�c6
on second row and performed mate attack
t!!!Ic6 I s .tve2 Affi 1 6.llc4 .b6 1 7 .llb l ;t
' . with b ishop for sacrificed queen.
13 ... ffc6 14.Ad3 b5! 1 5.84
Black also keeps equality after I s.c4 b4
1 6.lld4 Ab7 17 . .1e4 .c8 1 8 . .1b7 !lb7
tl l 9.lld7 .e4 20.lle7 t!!!I f4=
1 5...86
I s . . . ba4 1 6.llea4 .1b7 1 7 . .1c4�
16.lle3 Ab7 17.Ae4
I. . • •• � l .. . .1 n ! 2. fgs lle2 3. !lc3 ( 3 .1!rd4 .1 h3

A _ _ _ 4 .• h4 .1g2 s.lle l lla2 6 .• g4 .1 0 7 .• e6
�.JL. . , . , lln 8 . • h3 .1c6 9.b4 ll fs 1 0 . b s llg2
, .... , . . 1 1 ..g2 .1 g2 12.c,!.lg2 llgs-+ Boleslavsky]
B'. • • 3 . . . .1g2 4 .• d3 .1 0 s . llfl ( s . � fl llh2
8 . B..t.. �> 6.!ld4 cS 7.t!!!I c3 .1c6 8.c,!.le l llO 9 .• as
� • a • llhl 1 0.c,!.ld2 lla l I I . .d8 �g7 1 2 .• e7
llfl-+] llg2 6.c,!.lh l .1c6! 7.llf8 �f8 8 .• n
�
u 8�
. �
u 8� llt2 0: 1 V. Alatortsev - I. Boleslavsky, URS
.... . = (ch) 1 950.
17 ... ffe4!? 18.lle4 .1e4 19. ffeZ .1d5?!
1 54
Compesation for the queen
'.\ ': �;�'.: !lot be precise 19

�6 20.h4 laac8
••• 24 .i.e7 lafe8 2S .i.d6 laed8 26.Ab8 lab8
• •
.i.c2 2 2 .a b S abS 23 . • bS lafd 8

.1 ,) 27.laa3?!
24.8 b7i, and following would hold balance White misses a chance to play for victory
19... .J.c6 20.abS abS= 27.laa7 ! b4 28. 8hS laf8 29 .• gS labc8
20.h4! laae8 30.hS h6 3 l. 8d2 lac4±
20 ... b4 2 1 .lad l ! la fd8 22 . .i.eS .i.f8 23.hS f6 27,..lab7 28.lagl f6 29.lag4 lae8 30.lad4
24. .i.d4 h6 2S.c4 bc3 26 . .i.c3 ;t labe7 3 l . VWbS lad 32.b4 h6 33.lag4 fS
34 .lag6 �h7 3S.hS la2e7 36. Yld3 lab7
1 l .abS abS ll . .i.gS .i.d6 37 •• g3 lad 38.�h2 lae4 39.bS lab4
22 ... f6 23 . .i.e3 b4 24. Iia7 laf7 2S.ttbSi 40.lae6
23.Iia6
• • • •• •
. . .,.,
:.
• � ,. , • � H,
�
A . ... .
,
� . • .IL . *
�
.
. . '.
� . . .
, B 8 ."0 8 �
� .
• .
- �
* 40... .i.e6
23 ... .i.b8?! Or 4O . lag4 4 1 . 8eS .i. e6 42 . • e6 labS
. .
Proper is 23 ... .i.cS! 24.• bS .i.c4 2S.8a4 43 .g3 lagS 44. 8 e 8 ! lab2 4 S . � g2 lab4
46.c;t}h3 f4 47.g4 f3 48 .• c8=
.i.a6 26. 8a6 laa8 27 .•c6 lafc8 28.8d7
.i..t2! 29.c;t}t2 lac2 30.�O lab2= 4U!rg6 � : �
IS5
Strategic motives
AoomONAL MATCHES Bad king s position
Rook s brake through M. Euwe P. Keres -
Holand (ml9), 1 939/40

A. Sokolsky - A. Vasiljev
URS, 1 947
Black moves
Black moves 1 •d3! 1 • d3 .t d4 3.1lfl lie6 4.cctln

••• •
liae8! 5.fS lieS 6.f6 6.lid2 .te4 7 .• b3 lifS

1 .tc4! 1.lid8 lladS 3 •• c4 lidl! 4.b4
•••
S.lOf4 gS 6 ...gf6 7.lidl .t c8 8.lOf4 lie3 S ...
llfd8 S.liel bS! 6 •• bS lic8 0 : 1 llel 9.Wg2 ElSe3 1 0.1tc2 .tg4 9 • b l liD
•
IO.cctlgl lif4! l l .gf4 llg8 U.cctlD .t g4 0: 1

Strongpawn Good coordination
S. Mirkovic - S. NikoUc •
M. Tal J. Timman
-
COIT. 1 974 Sochi, 1 973
White moves Black moves
l.de6! lid3 1.1ld3 .cS (2 ... fe6 3 . .te6 WbS 1 lle6! 1 •• d3 ll a6 3 •• e4 3 . b4 ! ? ll a l

• ••
4..tg4±] 3.ef7 lig7 4.lOe4 .e7 (4 ... • m 4 . W c 2 lia2 S . W b 3 ll d 2 6 . • fS d 3 =

S.ligl ! lig l 6.Wgl and White wins after (Timman) 3 cctlf6 4• •b7 lle6 S.cctlcl lle3
•••
lig3-gS] S.lOd6 cctlb8 6.1Ot3 1 :0 6.1Wd7 d3 7.cctldl lie6 8 ••d8 cctlf7 � : �

IS6
WEAK BASIC ROW
White's basic rows are f11"st and second, and Black's basic rows are seventh and eight. The
examples where first (eight) row is weak are represented in this chapter.
G. Laketie (YUG) The alternatives are lO.hJ 0-0-0 1 1 .c4 A b4

1 2 . Ad2 'fWaS 1 3 . Ab4 'fIb4 14 .• d2 .d2
S. Mirkovie (YUG)
I S . c;t.d2� K. Mokry - S. Mirkovic, Belgrade
Budva, 2002 1 988 and lO.c4 Ab4 1 1 . Ad2 Ad2 1 2 . 'f!Vd2
B 15 - I.H c6 l.d4 d5 3.�dl de4 4.�e4 �f6 0-0 1 3 .0-0 lLlb6 ( 1 3 ... Ilfe8 14.lLlf4 lLlb6
5.�f6 ef6 6.cl IS .b3 Ilad8 16.Ilad l g6 1 7.Ab l cS 1 8.dS
Ac8 19.1Lle2 Ad7 20.Ilfe l lLlc8 2 l .lLlg3
6. €Jf3 Ad6 7.Ae3 0-0 8 .• d2 Ae6 9.Ae2 lLld6 22.'fWf4 fS 2 3 .lLlhS gh5 24 . •gS= A
�7 1 0.c4 Ile8 1 1 .0-0 �f8 12.Ilfd l �g6 Mikhalchishin - R. Kholmov, Moscow 1 989]
1 3 .dS cd5 14.�d4 'fIb8= H. Nishimura - S. 14.b3 Ilfe8 I S.h3 f5 1 6.lLlf4 Ilad8 �: � V.
Mirkovic, Kecskemet 1 996. Dimitrov S. Mi rkovic, Vrnj acka Banj a
-
6. b4 'fId6 (6 ... 'fWe7 7.'fIe2 Ae6 8. Ab3 as 1996.

9.lLlO a4 1 0.Ae6 'fWe6 1 1 . .ie3 Ae7 12.0-0 10 0-0-0 l I .lLle4 h5 1 1 .idl
... •
0-0 1 3 .c4 lLla6 1 4.Ilfd l Ilfd8 I S .Ilac l Af8

1 6 .h3 h6 1 7.a3 lLlc7 18 .•c2 lLle8 19.Ild2 1 2 .lLld6 ! ? 'fId6 1 3 . 0-0�
ndc8 20.Ile2 'fId7 2 1 . Af4 �:� E. Geller - 11...e5! 13 • a4
•
D. King, Bern 1 987] 7.c3 Ae6 8.Ae6 fe6

9.lLlO lLla6 10.0-0 0-0-0 1 1 .• e2 lLlc7 12.a4 1 3 .lLld6 'ffd6 14.0-0�
gS 1 3 . lLld2 'fIdS 1 4.b4 hS I S . Ab2 eS 1 6.c4 13 ... �b8 14.�d6 'fWd6 15 .ie3 .dS!? •
'fWd7 1 7.lLlb3 Ab4 1 8.deS .d3 19 .• d3 nd3

I S ... AdS=
20.lLlc l Ild2 2 Uib l f5+ B. Abramovic - S.
Mirkovic, Belgrade 1989. 16.0 ? !
6... Ae6 7.Ad3 Ad6 8 • cl �d7 9.�e1
• 16.0-0 c4 1 7 . Ae2 lLlb6 18.t!lb4 'fI f5 ! =
'fIe7
1 6 . . . � b 6 1 7 • a 3 A f5 1 8. 0-0-0 Ad3
•
".nd3 nhe8 1O.Af4 �a8 1 1 .nhdl
IS7
Strategic motives
11 c:4!
••• 1 1 .t c: 7 c:d3 13 .t b6 1!rgS 14. 'it' b l a6
• •
Strong move, which represents introduction 1S .td8

•
in effective ending combination. Similar

idea is in the following match.
1 .. .• f4! 2.�gl .d4 3 .�h l .t2! 0: 1 S. lS Wd1! 0: 1

•••
Reshevsky - R. Fischer, Palma de Mallorca

(izt) 1 970
1 58
Weak basic row
ADDITIONAL MATCHES E. Adams - C. R. Torre

New Orleans, 1 920
O. Bernstein - J. R. Capablanca
Moscow, I 9 14
Eight row played decisive role 1. "g4! ttb5

Black moves - winning 1.ttc4! ttd7 3.ttc7! fibS 4.a4! 4. flb7?
.e2 5.l:ie2 lac l -+ 4 ... fl a4 5.lae4 "b5
1. ttbl! 0: I After fast ending of the match
..
6.ttb7! 1 :0
Capablanka went satisfied to see the play in
the theater! M. Tal V. Smyslov
-
Yugoslavia (ctg), 1 959

J. R. Capablanca N. Rossollmo
-
Paris, 1 9 3 8
White moves - winning I. ttt7! ttal l ...lat7 2.lad8 with mate l.�dl
tit7 on 2 . . 8d l 3 .la d l lat7 4. �t7 �g8
.
1 .id3! 1 : 0 1 ...ge8 2.l:ie5 !

.
5.�d8+- 3.�t7 �g8 4.laal rlit7 5.�e5 �e6
6.�c6 �e4 7.rlie3 .ib6 8 .id4 1 : 0
•
1 59
CLASSICAL BISHOP'S SACRIFICE
Among the oldest combinations where bishop is sacrificed there is so called "classical
bishop's sacrifice". One of the first examples of this kind is in the Gioacchino Greco's
book from 1 625.
. G. Greco, 1 6 1 9 The alternatives are:

9 .. h5 1 0. 0 cS 1 l .1W e l ll}c6 1 2. 1Wh4 g6
.
1 3 .Ad2 Af8 14.liadl a6 1 S .Acl cd4 1 6.ed4

Ag7 1 7 . AgS 1!Vd6 1 8 .Ab l bS 1 9.�hl b4
2 0 .ab4 ll}b4;;!;; S. Baumegger - P. Wells,
Germany 1 997.
9 . qJbd7 1 0.b4 c6 l l .lia2 as 1 2 .baS liaS
. .
1 3 . 0 cS 1 4.g4 ll}flJ I S.dcS licS 1 6. 111 bS

Ab8= L. Pliester E. Lobron, Amsterdam
-
1 995.
10.1Wcl
I.Ah7! �h7 1.ll}gS �gS 2 . .4g5 3.hgS

..
�g6 4. 1WhS � fS S . 1Wh3 �g6 6 . 1W h7;

2 .. fi;h6 3.ll}f7; 2... �6 3.hS �h6 4.ll}f7
.
3.1WhS lieS 4.1!Vh7 �f8 S.1WhS#.

Nowadays in contemporary chess, besides
the man, we have the machine which
'"knows" how t o sacrifice. The strongest
chess player at the moment in the world was
stunned when he was forced to defend from
the attack of "'silicone chip". The question 10... .!hl?!
is- Was the sacri fice proper? In critical
Preconditions for classical combination with
moment Kasparov was thinking about 3 0
bishop 's sacrifice (in following text the
minutes and decided to enter into draw
assumption is that White is the side which
solution.
is sacrificing): White must have the queen,
the bishop, and the knight. Bishop must have
G. Kasparov (RUS) possibility to move Ah7, which should keep
Deep Junior the tempo. Knight must have access at
square gS and queen at square hS . Black
New York (m/S), 2003
pawns should stand on f7 and g7, also h
E48- I.d4 ll}f6 1.c4 e6 3.ll}c3 Ab4 4.e3 0-0 pawn. It is important for combination
S.Ad3 dS 6.cdS edS 7.ll}gel lieS S.O-O success that Black knight does not come to
Ad6 9.83 c6 f6, and Black queen or bishop d<? not engage
1 60
Classical bishop's sacrifice
d i agonal b l -h 7 . These are essential �h6 8 .• d 7 ! E. Lasker - J . H. Bauer,

preconditions that should be considered. Amsterdam 1 889 and White won soon.
Three branches are critical: a) �g8 b) �g6
I I .�hl � g4 1 2 . �g3 .g5 l 3 . f4 .h5
c) �h6. There must be gain in all three
14.Adl .hl 15.�t3 .h4
branches for the combination to b e
successful. I n historical connotation the
match ofsecond World Champion Emanuel
Lasker played in Amsterdam in 1 899 has a
big importance; a new attack technique was
demonstrated in that match.
16.Ah7?!
This move enters a draw solution with
1 . .A h 7 ! 1 1 . 1Whs fs ! ) �b7 2 . '§bs � g8
eternal check. The secret remains - Why
3 . .Ag7 ! �g7 (3 J5 4.g0 ! .e8 s.'lVh3 �f7
••
didn't White play 1 6.g3 ! �h2 1 7.�t2 �g4
6. 'fth7+- (Romanovsky) 3 JS 4 . g 0 ! �g7
•••
1 8.�g2 .h2 19.�f3 with chance to play
s.gg3 .Ag5 6.gg5 �f6 7. '§b4! �f7 8. '§h7 for victory.
�e8 9.gg7 llb8 I O.llc7 '§d6 1 1 .1lb7+- ) 16 ... �h8 17.�g3 �hl l 8.�tl �g4 19.�t3
4. '§g4 �h7 s.no es 6.llh3 1Wh6 7.Jah6 �hl � : �
161
Strategic motives
ADDITIONAL MATCHES A. Nimzowitsch - S. Tarrasch
B. Spassky - M. Tal
St Petersburg, 1 9 1 4
Montreal, 1 979

I ... .i.hl! 1 .. . .i.g2! 2.�g2 "g5 3 .Cit>t3 lafe8!
Black moves - winning 4.lagl .f4 5.�g2 lae2-+ l.'itJhl eh4 3.
'itJgl .i.gl! 4.tJ lUeS! S.ltJe4 flhl 6.'itJfl
I... .i.hl! l.'itJhl 2.<�hl .i.b8 with flc7 l ... .in 7.dS fS S._cl _gl 9.'itJe3 lae4! IO.fe4
nhS 3.'itJgI 3. �g3 �e4 4 . .1c4 fl h4 5. Cit>O f4 faster winning was 1 0 ...•g3 1 1 . � fl12
fle4 6.�g3 flh4# 3... ltJg4 0: 1 1 2 .�d l fle2 mate 1 I .'itJ f4 la rs U.'itJe5
flhl 13.'itJe6 neS 14.'itJd7 .i.b5 # 0: 1
S. Mirkovic - Z. MIJallovlc
Yugoslavia (ch), 1 992 The sacrifice ;s not proper
H. Stockman - S. Mlrkovic
Kavama, 1 989
1 .i.h7! 'itJh7 l.flhS 'itJgS 3.flf7 'itJhS

•
White moves
4.ncl! ltJef6 4 ... .1g2 5 .Cit>g2 figS 6.lag3
Square f5 is accessible for B lack bishop and
fld5 7.�gl +- S.lah3 ltJh7 6.flg6 ltJdrs
White's whole concept collapses; it was
7.nh7! 7.ltJf7! ? �g8 8. .i.f8 flf8 9.lah7 fin played in the match 1 .i.h7? l.d, 1. �1
•
1O .lah8 �h8 I l . flf7+ 7.. .ltJh7 S.ltJt7 'itJgS

and 1. 8bJ I ' M'itJh7 l.ltJgS 'itJgS 3.fld3 on
-
9.ltJdS ndS 10.h4! 1 :0 3. _h5 .i.f5 3 ... g6 and Black wins.

1 62
DOMINANT KNIGHT
The example where knight is in the center and is dominant in regard to bishop is analyzed
in this lesson. Two cases differ: positions with queens (complex) and positions where queens
are not in the game. In first case the aim is to attack the opponent's king, and in second
playing IS more quiet and combat is transferred to the ending.
V. Ivanehuk (UKR) 18. �e7

••
P. Leko (HUN) It is possible I S . . .fS 19 .efS A f5 20.0-0;!;;
Monaco, 2004 19.�e7 Ae7 10.0-0

Deserves attention 20.�e3 AgS 2 1 .�dS f5
B3 3 - 1 .e4 cS 1.�f3 �e6 3.d4 004 4.�d4 22.efS J.f5 2 3.0-0�
�f6 S.�cl eS 6. �dbS d6 7.AgS a6 8.�a3
bS 9.�dS A e7 1 0. A f6 Af6 l l .cl 0-0 10 Ae6 l l.�3?!
•••
11.�c1 AgS 13.a4 ba4 14.ila4 as IS.Ae4 Alternates where more useful then moves
ilb8 l6.b3 �h8 17. tiel Ad7 in the match 21. il{dl!? AgS ;!;; i 21. &J!?
AgS 22.�dS AdS?! 23.AdS± White bishop
White's plan is to predominate dS; the best is more active, proper is 22 . . . fS;!;;
piece for that is knight, while Black sees its
11 ... Ae4 11.be4
chance in tactical playing, for instance
17 ... f5 I S.h4 Af6 1 9.efS J.f5 20.�ce3 Ad7 22.�4 ilb3 23.ilaS ilc3 24. ila7 with equal
2 l ..c2 �e7 22 .ila2 J.c6 23 .• e4 �dS playing.
24.�dS AdS 2S. J.dS 'fIc7 26.J.c4 AdS 27. 11 fS l3.efS ilfS l4.ilfdl ile8 lS.ildS
•••
g3 �:� L. Nisipeanu - A. Volzhin, Dubai

2002. It would be more logical to move knight
toward center 2 S .�c2 A h4 26 .g3 AgS
27 . ildS ilcS 2S . ilcS dcS 2 9 . h4 Ah6
3 0.ild l ;!;;
lS ilf6?!
•••
Following progress will show that rook is

in bad position at f6, it should have been
played 2S . . .• b6 26 .ilb l .c7= and White
does not have time to transfer knight to dS.
16.�1 VIle7?
Probably decisive mistake, more resistant
would be 26 ... ila8 27. �e3 a4 2S .ild2;!;; and
18.ilal ! White would be occupied fighting with a
pawn.
It would be weaker I S.ila2?! a4 19.b4 �aS
l7.ildaS .e4
20.�a3 �c4 2 1 . .c4 fS 22.0--0 J.e6 23 .• d3
fe4 24.'fIe4 'fId7 25 .ilaa l 'fIb7 26 .ilad l In case 27 . . . AdS although the queens are in
J.f5 �: � A. Bellaiche - D. Kuljasevic, Saint the match the Black's position is also tough.
Vincent 2002. 18••e4 ile4
1 63
Strategic motives
Dominant knight's position enables king's

commute on queen 's side which determines
the winner. l .� fl! lIe8 2.It�c3 f5 3.lId2 �t7
4./l}a4 I1eS S.�e2 �e8 6./l}c3 lIe6 7.lIa2
IId6 8./l}dS IId8 9.�d2 � fl 1 0.�c2 lieS
1 1 .�b3 gS 1 2.b6 gh4 1 3 . gh4 .1eS 14 .lIa7
IIbS I S .� a4 .1h2 1 6 . � bS .1d6 1 7 ./l}f4
.1e7 18./l}hS .1h4 1 9.1Ia2 11d8 20. �f4 l1dl
2 1 ./l}dS II fl 22.lIa7 .1 f2 2 3 .lI b 7 �g6
24.lIa7 11b l 2S.�c6 1 :0 U. Andersson N. -
.' Padevsky, Pula 1975 .

19.tOe3!
19 lIc8
•••
White knight engages important anchorage

pointin the ccnter. Chess strategy precisely On 29 . . . lIc3 30./l}dS ungainly position of
defIned similar positions; the side which has black rook on ffi.
knight possesses solid advantage which is 30./l}dS lle6 31.lIa8 1118 31.c4 e4
good enough for victory. Interesting reali
zation plan is applied in following position Would not help 32 . . . .1 f6 33.111 a6 e4 34.cS
lieS 3 S.lIg8 �g8 36.lId6 .1e7 3 7. �e7 11e7
3 8 .c6 IIc7 3 9 . � fl � f8 4 0 . � e 2 �e7
4 1 .1Id7 ! IId7 42.cd7 �d7 43 . �e3 and
pawn's ending is attained foc White.
33.lIla6 l1eS 34.�n e3 3S.fe3 h6 36.�e1
White controls whole table.
36. .1(8 37.lIc8 1US 38. lI aa8 11&7 39. lOf4
••
IIf6 40.1I(8! 1 :0
1 64
Dominant knight
ADDITIONAL MATCHES Position is strategically attained; advantage

in the center gives to White loose hands on
a) Basic position (without queens) king's side 1 .lt)dS! fld8 2.f4 ef4 3.flf4 fld7
4.flfS ncd8 s.na3 ! fla7 6.nc3 g6 7.flg4
V. Hort - L. LJuboJevle fld7 8.flf3 fle6 9.nc7 nde8 I O.lt)f4 fleS
Montreal, 1 979 1 l .ndS flh8 12.a3 h6 13.gh6 flh6 14.hS
AgS IS.hg6! fg6 if 1 5 . . . .1f4 1 6.g0 no
1 7 . n n !it;>n 1 8 . nh5 ! 1 6.flb 3 ! nf4 on
16 . . . !it;>h8 1 7 .lt)g6 _g6 1 8.ng5 nfl 19 .!it;>a2
_g5 20. _h3 �g8 2 1 . '8 fl 1 7.ne5 !it;>fB
18.ne8 1 :0
Creating anchorage for knight
Typical method consists of pawn's sacrifice

with aim to create dominant knight.

H. Pilnik - E. Geller
1... lt)eS! 2.ne7 hS 3.!it;>gl !it;>fB 4.!it;>tl nb8 Gothenburg (izt). 1955
S.ne6 !it;>e7 6.ne7 !it;>f6 7.!it;>e3 nb3 8.!it;>d2
nb7 9. ne8 !it;>eS I O.!it;>c3 nb3 1 1.!it;>cl !it;>d4
12.nc6 nc3 13.!it;>d2 1 3 . !it;>b l !it;>e5 14.nc7
!it;>f6 1 5 . nc6 !it;>e7 1 6. nc7 !it;>e8 1 3 _ na3
14.!it;>cl na2 I S.!it;>bl 0:I
b) Complex position (queens in the game)
R. Fiseher - J. Bolboehan
Stockholm (izt), 1 962
1 ... e4 ! 2.Af6 flf6 3.fe4 f4 Black went for

this position, "eternal" knight is created on
square e5, and advantage in the center
enables action on king's side 4.ntl It)eS
S.ndfl flh4 6.Adl nt7 7. flcl g5 8.flc3
nafB 9.h3 hS IO.Ad g4 1 1 .nf4 nf4 12.nf4
nf4 1 3.g3 It)f3 1 4.!it;>tl flh3 1 5.gf4 g3
16.!it;>f3 gZ 1 7.!it;>tl ffh2 0: 1
1 65
KNIGHT IN ISOLAnON
In knight's isolation, as in isolation of other pieces, pawns have decisive impact. Opponent's
pawns can deduct knight's important strategic points; they represent important limitation
factor. Of course, own pawns can also seriously endanger knight's activity if they occupy
squares for rebound, and on that way decrease radius of knight's movement.
Three cases may be present through 1 6.�h l AcS + i lS .b:6 bc6 16.lLld4 Yld7+
•
advantage realization: (Sedlak)

I . Game is at the opposite side from the IS lieS
•••
isolated piece (Capablanca's principle) In case I S ... Ylb6 1 6.�hl Ylb2 1 7. lib l Yla3
2. Game is in the center (isolated piece is at I S . lib7 liacS Black would have the upper
the side) hand but move in the match is more effective
3. Attack on the king which is at the same because it brings the rook in the game.
side as isolated piece. 16.g4
Na 1 6. lLld S lLldS 1 7 .YldS Ylb6 I S . li f2
M. Manik (SVK) Ylb2+
N. Sedlak (SCG)
Biel (open), 2003
C4 1-1 .e4 eS l.lLlf3 d6 3.d4 ed4 4.lLld4 lLlf6
S.lLlc3 Ae7 6..A.el 0--0 7.0--0 lieS S.f4 Af8
9 .i.tf"cS I O.lLlb3 1l'1c6" 1I .i.e3?!
• •
The alternatives are ll.llel i 11. f!;Ial

1I ..i.f5 l1.ef5 lie3 13.1Wdl lieS
••
Interesting is quality sacrifice after 1 3 ... lif3

14.lif3 dS I S .lid l c4 1 6.lLld4 AcS 1 7.lLlce2
lLle4Ci1j M. Pap N. Sedlak, Subotica 2002
-
16 dS!
•••
14.liadl Pawn's sacrifice which cause is to open

central file where B lack would realize
Following match is familiar 1 4 . � h l c4
decisive rook 's brake thro ugh.
I S .lLld4 dS 1 6 . liad l AcS 1 7 . lLlc6 bc6
IS.life I libS= J. Klovans M. Kazhgaleyev,
-
S i multa neously black pieces real i z e
Cappele la Grande (open) 2002 centralization and engage key positions. All
that can be realized because of knight's a I
14 e4 I S.lLlal
•••
bad position. Practically Black has a piece
Does not leave good impression, but nor more in the center. Classical example of
alternatives are good for White lS./l)d4 dS knight's isolation is in following match
1 66
Knight in isolation
would practically remain with piece less.

26.bc4 bc4 27.labl
Rook came on open file but that would not
affect the finale result.
27 lad2 28.�3 Ad4 29.gS
•••
White has realized advantage with game on

the queen's side (Capablanca's principle)
Uie7 ! b6 2.b4 bc5 3 . t!\Vc5 laadS 4.b5 t!\VbS
5.a4 cb5 6.ab5 AcS 7.lac7 t!\Vb6 S.t!\Vb6 ab6
9.lac6 g6 10.g4 h5 I l .h3 hg4 12 .hg4 �g7
1 3 .� f2 Ad7 1 4 . lab6 la b S 1 5 . f6 �h6
1 6 . � g3 �h7 1 7 . la bS labS I S . g5 lab6
1 9.1aa6 labS 2 0 . Ac6 Af5 2 1 . laaS laaS
2 2 . A a S Ad3 2 3 .b6 A a6 24.b7 1 : 0 S.
Reshevsky - G. Treysman, USA (ch), 1 93 5 29 i.c3! 30.a4 ladS 31 .lab7 �e8 32.laa7
•••
i. a1 33.lac7 lafS 34. lac4 g6 3S.�g4 Ab2

1 7.llJdS 36.aS
1 7 .g5 llJe4 I S . t!\Vd5 t!\Vb6 1 9. �g2 lacdS On 36 .lac7 Acl 37.lac4 Aa3 3S.lac7 laf4!
20.t!\Vb5 lad l 2 1 . Ad l t!\Ve3 + 39.�f4 i.d6 with win.
1 7 ... llJdS 1 8. A d S llJd4! 19. 'fWg2 AcS 36 laaS 37.lac7 laa4 38.c4 �f8 39.lah7
•••
20.�h1 l:ie2 21 .lad4 l:ic4 40.lah1 i.eS 41 . l:in i.c7

After 2 1 .i. f7 � f7 2 2 . l:id4 l:ig2 23 . l:idS The plan for material advantage realization
would transfer into position from the match. consists of bringing king on f5 with triple
attack on f4 pawn.
21 ...lag2 22.i.f7 � 23.lad8 lah2! 24.�h2
lad8 42.laf2 � f7 43.lan lae4 44. la f2 �e6
4S .lan Ad6 46. lan lae1 47 . lag2 AcS
W h ite ' s material advantage h a s n o 48.lac2 lag1 49. �f3 i.d6 SO.lac6 lad1
significance i n occurred position. Black has S 1 .�e4 ladS S2.laa6 labS S3. � f3 lab4
strategic advantage because knight's bad S4.�e3 �d7!
position.
Rounds trap, on 54 ... laf4? 5 5 .lad6! with a
2S.b3 bS draw.
On 25 ... lad2 26.�g3 c3 27.a4 a5 White SS.laa7 Ac7 S6.laa8 Af4 S7. � AgS 0: 1
167
Strategic motives
ADDITIONAL MATCHES game at king's side (Capablanca's principle)

1 ... 11e8 this position is familiar, it was played
S. Vratonjic - S. Mlrkovic 1 .. . 8 ffi 2 . .te3 .t fS 3 . 11ad l a6 4.g4± C .
Pozarevac, 1 98 1 Schlechter - R . Reti, Vienna 1 9 1 4 2 .te3 •
.te6 3 • 13 on 3.8hS 8f6 4.b4 .eS and

•
Black would correct its position 3 .... d7?

should have been played 3 ... dS ! 4.!.f4! lOd6
S . .td6 8d6;;!;; 4.lOe4 .tf5? it is better
4 ... .tdS ! ? S .c4 ! [S.lOf6? gf6 6. 11g4 'i!i>f8+]
.te4 6.11e4 as;;!;; 5.lOg3!+- .tc2 S ... .tg6
6.h4! 6.11c1 .ta4 7.lOh5? should have been
played 7.lOfS ! 11e6 8 .l1h4! with strong
attack 7 f5! on 7 ... 11e6? 8 .• g4+- 8.11f4
•••
8.!.h6 .e6! 8. .. 11e7 8. .. D/8 9 . .td4! llt7

1O . .tg7 l1g7? 1 1 . lOf6+- or 8 .. IFe6 9.11fS
.
11f8 l O.lOg7! �g7 1 1 . 8g4 �h8 1 2. 11f8 11f8

1 3 .8e6+- 9.11 5 11f7
Isolated piece and the king are at the same
side, the plan of advantage realization is to
attack the king I ... lld! 2.g5 llac8 3 • g2
•
.e3 would have been considered 3 ...•cS

4.11hel .f4 5 • e2 .h4 6 •b5 1m 7 •b4
• • •
llc2! more energetic from 7 ... .tgS which is

also winning 8 • a3 11e2 9.11gl . f3
•
10 • b4 l1g2 l I . a4 .e2 1 2 . 11g2 . d l

•
13.'i!i>b2 .tg5! 14.a5 .te3 0: 1
P. Keres - W. Unzlcker
Hamburg (m/2), 1956
to.lOg7! tactical strike after which White
comes to dangerous attack 10 l1g7 on ...
1 0. . .11af8 I l .lOe6! 11fS [ l 1 .. ... e6 12 .•g4

.g6 1 3 . 11gS+-] 1 2 .• g4 �h8 1 3 .lO f8+-
1l .th6! 8e7 following alternatives bring
•
nothing 11 l/f7 1 2 . 11gS �h8 13 • c3+- or

... .
11... 0,6 1 2.11f8 11f8 1 3 .8f8 mate 12 .tg7 •
.g7 in case 1 2 . . . �g7 1 3 . 8c 3 ! �g8

1 4.110i [ 1 4.11el .g7 1S.8g7 �g7 1 6 . 11e7
�g6 1 7.11ff7 lOd8 18. l1g7+-] .eS White
holds initiative l3.h4 h6 on 1 3 ... 11f8 1 4. 11f8
White moves " I S .8g4 �h8 1 6 . 8d4 8g7 1 7.8a7+-
14.11c4! and Black resigns, . material losses
l .b4! White includes knight and transfers are unavoidable.
168
Knight in isolation
A. Kotov M. Talmanov
- M. Tal - L. Vogt
Zuerich (ctg), 1 9S3 Riga, 1 98 1
White movcs White moves - winning

Knight as is out of the game, and White I.AdS! �e6 1.�cS lie3 3.lOe6 lie6 4.lie6
starts action on the other side U :tael ! liaeS fe6 S.�f1 white king's brake through
1.AcI liel 3.liel lieS rook's exchange decides S...�t7 6.�e3 �eS 7.AaS! familiar
enables to Black to weaken opponent 's motive, knight engages sad position 7... �d7
attack 4.lieS AeS S. �h4 a6 6.a4 White is S.�d4 �d6 1 :0
forced to give square b3 to opponent's knight
6 ....a7 7 .�fS An S.IOe4 White does not A. Karpov - V. Bagirov
bother pieces' exchange because practically
URS (ch), 1 970
it has a knight more S ... lOe4 9.Ae4 b6
10 •• dl queen transfers on the king's side
to take active participation in attack 10... abS
n .abS Ad7 11 •• hS Ae6 13.Af4 IOb3
1 4•• dl .al
White moves
l .a3! it is harder to find this idea then to see

multi mode combination (Karpov), it was
interesting at once l . Ae2 1 ? lOe7 2.g4 1Og6
I S . h4! 'O a t 1 6.hS 'Od 1 7 . A eS .bl 3 . f4± 1 . .. lO e7 1 . Ae1 IO fS 3 . b4 ! IOb7
ISic7 lOa3 19 •• 14 .cI 10. �gl lObl 3 ... lOc4 4. Ac4 dc4 S .lic4 1WdS 6 .•d3 mdS
11.Af4 IOdl l1•• e1 1 :0 7.lOb3 IO d4 8. A d4 cS 9.lOaS ± 4.Af4!
1 69
Strategic motives
ICibd6 S.,i,e5! important maneuverby which appeared; White has positional objectives;
White limits opponent's knight even more controls point d4 and restrains the counter
(Kalpov), it is weaker 5 .,i,d3 ICid4 6.lael play after a4 9 fS 9 . . . f6 1 0 . 8 h4 ICig6
•••
laeS 7.lCia6 lacS S . la c S ICicS 9 . ,i, e3 00 1 1 .,i,g6 hg6 12.8g3± IO 8d4 1 0.ef6?! laf6
.
S ,i,eS 6.deS ICib7 6. �4 7.lCib3± or

••• •• IO ... ICJdB l l .bS gS 1 1.a4 ICig6 13. 8al 8b7
6. @S 7.,i,b5 labS S.8a4 labS 9.lCid7 8eS
•• 14. lafel 8g7 IS.lCicS lan
1O .•a7 laaS 1 1 . 8b7 8e7 12.lac7 ! ± 7.lCib3
7.lCia4!? 8d7 S.,i,a6 g6 9.8d3 ± 8a4? 1 0.
,i,b5+- 7 ... 1Wb6 B.,i,d3 lCie7 after this it is
hard to save the game, it would have been
necessary S ... a5 ! ? 9.,i,f5 ef5 1O.8d4 8d4
I l .lCid4 ab4 12.ab4 ICidS±
1 6.aS! lae7 1 7 . lCi a6 la aB I B. ,i, ft 1Ci f7

19.1Cic7 ladS on 1 9. . . labS 20.b6 ab6 2 1 .a6
and passed pawn would conclude 10.lac6
1Cif8 1 l .b6 ab6 11.a6 ICih6 13.laecl ICig4
14.a7 ICieS l5.la6cl more effective winning
25 . lad6 lac7 26 . ladS laa7 27 . la f8 ! � f8
9.8g4! threat o f bishop's sacrifice o n h 7 2S.lacS 1 5. lCic4 16.aB8 laaB 17.lCiaB bS
• •
lI.laal lab7 1 :0
170
QUEEN IN ISOLATION
Queen is a piece with big radius of movement. Because of that reason it is hard to isolate it.
There are two cases: queen is in the surrounding of the opponent's pieces of minor value,
and after rook's sacrifice the queen is out of the game; it's come back in the match costs a
few tempos, which opponent's side can use for quick attack. Queen's isolating is usually
based on advantage in progress and possibility of quick attack on opponent's king.
V. Kramnik (URS) 11 ... Ad7 13.111 b 3?

V. Topalov (BUL) 1 3 .111 b 6 lib8 14.111 e 2 111f3 I S.h3 .i.e7+ after
1 3 .111 c 3 lib8 14 .• a3 white queen is at the
Wijk aan Zee, 200S
border of the table and out of i ml10rtant
B80- 1 .e4 cS 1.111 B d6 3.d4 cd4 4.llld4 111 f6 happenings.
5.111c3 a6 6 .i.e3 e6 7.B b5 8.g4 h6 9.'iVd1
13 ... lib8 14.'iVa3
•
b4 10. llla 4 lll bd7 I I .�

14.111b 6 lllc6 I S . 'fia4 lib6 1 6 . .i.b6 Wb6
1 7. 'fia6 'fie3 1 8. 'i&b I 'fi0+
11 llle 5
•••
It is fam i l i a r 1 1 . . . • a s 1 2 . b 3 d S ? !
[ l 2 ... Ab7!oo] 1 3.eS lll g8 14.f4 .c7 I S.Wbl
14 111 B!
P. Leko - S. Movsesian, Budapest 2003 IS ...
•••
Ab7 16.h4;;!;; After this move White's position is rapidly

torn down. Why is that? The queen is
1 1."b4?!
isolated; that's the main reason, and constant
White accepts challenge and takes sacrificed threat is opening of the dark diagonal a3-f'8.
pawn 12 .b3 dS 1 3 .Af4 .i.d6 1 4. AeS AeS It is obvious that queen is in surrounding of
I S .lll c 6 'fic7 1 6 . 111 e S WeS 1 7 . Wb4 de4 its own pieces, so it is the matter of the first
1 8.111 b 6 lib8 1 9. W b l Wc7 2 0.Wa4 c.t>f'8 case. In next classical match the other idea
2 1 .111 c 8 lic8 2 2 . 'fic4;;!;; V. Anand - V. of isolation where White sacrificed the rook
Topalov, Linares 200S is demonstrated
171
Strategic motives
22.�a6 fla2 (22... .tb6 23. fla8 flc3

24.1I'b8 "c8 25."c8 �c8 26 . .ifS h6
27.�d6 �d8 28.�fl �e8 29.�h8 �fS
30.�O+- Chigorin) 23. .tc7 �e8 24.�b4
�c6 25.�a2 .ic5 26.fld5 .tfS 27.flb5+-
6 28.'f!Ib7) 21.�g7 �d8. 22.flf6! �f6
23. .te7 1:0 A Anderssen - L. Kieseritzky,
London 1851
19.e5! flal [19 ... .ta6 20.�c7 �d8 21.�a6 14...�fJ! IS.h3
flal 22.�e2+-] 20.�e2 �a6 [20.. /6 15.�2�e5-+; 15.b6�4-+
21.�g7 �fl 22.�f6 .tb7 23.� d5 �g7
24.flfS#; 20... .l.b7 21.�g7 �d8 22.'f!Ifl IS... �e4 16 .td �eS l7.lahel "c:7
•
tOh6 23.�e6+-; 20. . .406 21.�c7 �d8

.
18 .td4 �c:6 19 .td dSl0.�bc:S ".7 0: 1
• •
172
Queen in isolation
ADDITIONAL MATCHES R. Reti - M. Euwe

Amsterdam (ml2), 1 920
N. Gaprindashvili - R. Servati
Dortmund, 1 974
White moves - winning I .lOd5! [ Uab2? �c3 2.flc3 IOc3 3 .�d2

lOa4 4Jabb l lOc6 S . llhe l lOb6-+] 1. 1!Vbl
••
1 .1!Vd4! [1 .4.(3? neS 2.�d2 ff t2-+ or

.
2.c;!,lfl 1!Vhl 3.�e7 d6 4.�d6 IOc6 5 .tb5!
•
1 .4.(8 1!V h l 2 . �d2 fl d l 3 . n d l c;!,lf8+]

.
�d7 [S ... �d4 6.lOd4 1IfS 7.lOf4 1If6 S.lOc6
1 ... 1!Vhl 2.c;!,ld2 ' h I 3.1!Vf6! 1 :0 a6 9.fle2+-] 6.�c6 bc6 7••e2 1 : 0
M. Euwe - R. Reti Michelet L Kieseritzky

-
Amsterdam (m/ l ), 1 920 Paris, I S44
Black moves - winning White moves
1 .td6! [other winning existed 1 . ..fleS

• • I.nafl � e4? after 1 ...�g6 ! Black would
2.ndS �d6 3 . neS ndS 4.nSe4-+] 2.1!Vh8 have the upper hand 2.�e4 no 3.1!VO gO
1!VgS 3.f4 1!Vh4 4.ne4 �h3! 5.1!Va8 �c5 4.�fS ne6 5.d5 1Oe5 6.c;!,ld4 h5 7.de6 c;!,le8
6.c;!,lh l �g2! decisive combination 7.c;!,lg2 8.�f6 h4 9.�e5 de5 10.c;!,le5 hg3 1 I .c;!,lf6!
1!Vg4 8.c;!,lfl 1!VO 9.c;!,lel 1!Vfl 0: 1 1 :0 1 1 ...flhI 1 2 .�g6 �dS I 3 .e7 with mate.
1 73
INDEX OF NAMES
Abdsamatov (90) Browne Waiter (65, 1 03) Fritz Alexander (65)

Adams Edward ( 1 59) Bukhman Eduard ( 1 00)
Adams Michael (89, 1 00) Byme Robert ( 1 53) Gaprindashvili Nona ( 1 73)
Alapin Simon (22) Gelfand Boris ( 1 28, 1 54)
Alekhine Alexander (22, 40, Capablanca lose Raul (4 1 , 59, Geller Efim ( 1 30, 1 65)
59, 85, 9 1 , 94, 1 1 6, 1 1 9, 1 27, 7 1 , 76, 77, 80, 82, 88, 9 1 , 1 07, Giorgadze Tamaz (92)
1 3 1 , 147, 1 50) 1 33, 1 59) Glek Igor (43)
Alonso Yosvany (64) Castella (35) Gligoric Svetozar ( I l l , 1 1 6,
Anand Viswanathan ( 1 20) Charousek Rudolf (69) 1 19)
Anderssen Adolf (58) Chasovnikova Eugenia ( 1 0) Golombek Harry (42)
Apicella Manuel ( 1 48) Chemikov Dleg ( 1 34) Golubev Mikhail (1 02)
Aronin Lev (47, 1 29, 133) Chigorin Mikhail (29, 69, 70, Greco Gioacchino (57, 99, 1 14,
Atalik Suat (70) 78) 160)
Averbakh Yury (42, 1 50) Cohn Erich (39, 1 42) Grob Henry (90)
Corzo y Prinzipe Iuan (76) Grushevsky (90)
Bagirov Vladimir ( 1 36, 169) Cuadras A. (28) Gunsberg Isidor (70)
Barcza Gideon (42)
Bareev Evgeny ( 1 03) De Carbonnel H. (86) Hamppe Carl ( 1 50)
Bauer (86) De Souza Mendes Ioao (75) Hansen Curt ( 1 2 1 )
Bauer I. (27) Di Camillo Attilio (60) Hasidovsky Amold ( 1 40)
Behting I. (34) Dietrich (86) Hort Vlastimil ( 1 65)
Bel iavsky Alexander (43, 8 1 , Djukic Zeljko (75) Horvat Iulia (88)
l ll) Dorfman I osif (99) Huzman Alexander ( 1 03, 1 1 8)
Benko Paul ( 1 32) Drasko Milan ( 1 04)
Berger I. (27) Duke Karl/Count Isouard (57) Ilie Dragan (44)
Bemstein Dssip (4 1 , 1 59) Dus Chotimirsky F edor ( 1 03 ) Ilie Stanimir ( 1 22)
Bialas Wolfram ( 1 04) Dvoretzky Mark ( 1 35) Ilie Vidoje ( 1 34)
Bird Henry Edward ( 1 53) Ivanchuk Vassily ( 1 1 7, 1 63)
Blackbume Ioseph Henry (65, Efimov Igor (94) Ivanovic Bozidar ( 1 35 )
88) Eiffel (67) Ivkov Borislav ( 1 1 2)
Boden Samuel ( 1 53) Enik (67)
Bogdanovic Sinisa (45) Euwe Max (38, 40, 76, 9 1 , 99, Iakovljevic M ilan (25)
Bogoljubow Efim ( 1 00) 1 1 7, 147, 1 56, 1 73) Ianowski Dawid (78, 88)
Bolbochan Iulio ( 1 65) Evseev Nikolay ( 1 28) Iicman Ligia (34)
Boljevski Ivan ( 1 3 1 ) Iovanovic Nevenka (93, 140)
Bondarevsky Igor ( 1 1 2) Fahmi Hans (22) Iovic Ljubomir ( 1 1 1 )
Borelli Carlo (93) Farwig (86)
Borisenko Valentina (29) Fischer Robert (3 3, 44, 60, 75, Kalugin (67)
Botvinnik Mikhail (59, 75, 9 1 , 8 1 , 82, 1 1 6, 1 1 9, 1 20, 1 32, 1 65) Kan Ilia ( 1 07)
1 1 2, 1 1 3, 1 2 1 ) Flohr Salo (4 1 , 46, 1 1 9, 1 28) Kapelan Milorad (92)
Bronstein David ( 1 06) Fritsche F. ( 1 33) Kapengut Alexander ( 13 5)
174
Karafiat J. ( 1 1 8) Lucena Luis Ramirez ( 1 27) Opocensky Karel (65)
Karpov Anatoly ( 42, 85, 92, Lundin (86)
1 1 3, 1 1 7, 1 30, 1 44, 1 69) Padevsky Nikola ( 1 2 1 )
Kasimdzhanov Rustem ( 100) Maiorov Oleg ( 1 33) Pantic (29)
Kasparov Gary (45, 93, 1 03, Manik Mikulas ( 1 66) Paulsen Louis (57)
lOS, I l l , 1 1 7, 1 1 8, 1 20, 1 30, Mariotti Sergio ( 1 29) Petrosian Tigran (26, 78, 8 1 ,
143, 1 44, 1 54, 1 60) Maroczy Geza (38) 92, 1 02, 1 32, 1 42)
Keres Paul (9 1 , 1 06, 1 1 3, 1 1 9, Marshall Frank (38, 82, 1 1 3 ) Pillsbury Harry Nelson (88)
1 3 1 , 1 5 6, 1 68) Matulovic Milan (40, 1 23) Pilni k Herman ( 1 65 )
Kharlov Andrei (93) Mazzoni Guy ( 1 30) Pirc Vasja (78, 1 1 8)
Kieseritzky Lionel ( 1 73) Mehmedovic Mirza (85) Planinc Albin (65)
Klaparede (90) Meitner Philipp ( 1 50) Polugaevsky Lev ( 1 3 0)
Klaric Zlatko ( 1 05) Mesaros Bela (88) Pomar Salamanca Arturo (28)
Knezevic Bojan (77) Mesing Hrvoje (79) Portisch Lajos (59, 85, 1 1 2 ,
Knezevic Milorad (94) Michelet ( 1 73) 143)
Kortschnoi Victor (26) Mijailovic Zoran ( 1 62) Post Ehrhardt ( 1 1 5)
Kostic Dusan ( 147) Miles Anthony (66) Potemkin Peter ( 1 50)
Kotov Alexander (65, 95, 96, Milovanovic Momir (45) Prasad Devaki ( I 0 I )
1 50, 1 69) Mindadze (61) Przepiorka Dawid ( 1 03)
Kraidman Yair ( 1 30) Minic Dragoljub ( 1 1 9)
Kramnik Vladimir ( 1 1 1 , 1 7 1 ) Mirkovic Slobodan (2 1 , 25, 29, Ragozin Viacheslav (4 6, 70)
Kmic Zdenko ( 1 23) 40, 44, 75, 77, 79, 80, 8 1 , 85, Ramirez (89)
Krstic Petar ( 1 1 4) 86, 88, 92, 94, l OO, 1 0 1 , 1 02, Ramos Angel (64)
Kuczynski Robert ( 1 1 4) 1 04, l OS, 1 07, I l l , 1 1 3, 1 1 4, Rasidovic Sead ( 1 32)
Kustar Sandor (56) 1 1 8, 1 1 9, 1 22, 1 23 , 1 29, 1 3 1 , Raubitschek Rudolf (59)
1 3 2, 1 34, 1 3 5, 1 47, 1 56, 1 57, Rauzer Vsevolod (70)
Laketic Gojko ( 1 57) 162, 1 68) Ravinsky Grigory ( 1 22)
Larsen Bent (33, 45, 82, 92, Mista Aleksander (6 1 ) Reefschlaeger Helmut (67)
1 20, 132) Mitrovic Darko ( 1 2) Reiner ( 1 28)
Lasker Edward (63) Mohrlok Dieter (79) Reti Richard (63, l OO, 1 7 3)
Lasker Emanuel (4 1 , 65, 76, Morovic I van ( 1 1 7) Riemann Fritz (58)
77, 1 1 8, 1 3 1 ) Morphy Paul (57, 7 1 , 1 27) Rittner Horst (86)
Lautier Joel ( 1 48) Rodriguez (66)
Lehoczky Victor (25) Nagy Geza (66) Rohde M ichael (28)
Leimand Peter ( 1 1 ) Naiditsch Arkadij (70) Rojahn Emst ( 1 06)
Leko Peter (89, 1 63) Najdorf Miguel (59) Romanishin Oleg (99)
Letelier Martner Rene (60) Naumovic Jovan (92) Rossolimo Nicolas ( 1 59)
Levenfish Grigory (87) Nedobora Mikhail (66) Rotlewi Georg ( I 03)
Levitsky Stepan (94) Neistadt Jacob ( 1 1 8) Rubinstein Akiba (39)
Ligterink Gerd (93) Nestor (59)
Lilienthal Andre ( 1 33) Nezhmetdinov Rashid ( 1 34) Saemisch Fritz ( 1 3 1 )
Liutov N. (75) Nikolaevsky Yuri (30) Saharov V. ( 1 29)
Lj ublinsky V. ( 1 24) Nikolic Sinisa ( 1 56) Sallai R. ( 1 29) .
Ljubojevic Ljubomir (9 1 , 128, Nimzowitsch Aron (65, 7 1 , 80, Savchenko Stanislav (80)
1 42, 1 65) 1 1 3, l i S , 1 42, 1 62) Savic Marijana (27)
Lobron Eric ( 1 32) Sax Gyula (42, 1 29)
Lombardy William (44) Obukhov Alexander ( 1 0 1 ) Schlechter Carl ( 1 03)
1 75
Scholz Franz (92) Tregubov Pavel ( 1 0 1 ) Carrera Pietro (25)
Schulten John William (7 1 ) Cozio Carlo (24, 26, 6 1 )
Sedlak Nikola ( 1 0, 1 1 , 56, 6 1 , Uhlmann Wolfgang (45) De Feijter C . ( 1 7)
8 1 , 104, 1 24, 166) Unzicker Wolfgang (9 1 , 1 68) Dobias J. (3 1 )
Seirawan Yasser ( 132) Duklos ( 1 9)
Seppeur R. (67) Vaisman Volodia (66) Duras Oldrich ( 1 6)
Servaty Rudolf ( 1 73) Vaisser Anatoly (94) Fahmi Hans (5 1 )
Shantharam Kv ( 1 0 I ) Van den Hoek Amoldus ( 1 1 7) Gorgiev Tigran (32, 1 1 5)
Shirov Alexei ( 1 05) Van Wely Loek ( 1 5 1 ) Grigoriev Nikolay (32, 48, 76)
Side if Sade Fikret (90) Vasic Vladimir ( 1 1 8) Herbstman O. Alexandar (49)
Simagin Vladimir ( 1 22, 1 24, Vasiljev A. ( 1 56) Holm Helmer (68)
1 29) Vasiukov Evgeny ( 1 5 1 ) Karstedt M. (36)
Skatchkov Pavel ( 1 00) Velimirovi c Dragoljub (42, Kasparian Genrikh (30)
Smirin Ilia ( I l l ) 1 24) hqo Kling Joseph.1 Horwitz B. (27)
Smyslov Vassily (47, 60, 85, Vigfusson Vigfus ( 10 I) Kok T. (34)
96, 1 1 4, 1 2 1 , 1 59) Vistaneckis Isakas ( 1 30) Kopaev N. ( 1 30)
Sokolov Ivan (46) Vogt Lothar ( 1 69) Korolkov Vladimir ( 1 7)
Sokolsky Alexey ( 1 56) Volchok Alexander (89) Kovalenko V. (3 1 )
Spassky Boris (34, 60, 78, 102, Von Bardeleben Curt ( 1 1 2) Kralin Nikolay (50)
1 3 1 , 162) Vratonj ic Slobo ( 1 68) Kubbel Karl Arthur Leonid
Stahlberg Gideon ( 1 04, 1 1 6) Vuckovic Bojan ( 1 2 , 95) (30)
Stamenkovic Aleksandar (8 1 ) Vukcevic Zoran ( 1 23) Lazard F. (29)
Stein Leonid (9 1 , 1 02) Vukic Milan (45) Levenfish Grigory (37)
Steinitz William ( 1 12, 1 2 8) Loyd Samuel ( 1 0 1 )
Stipic Arian ( 1 1 9) Waiter Max (66) Makhatadze D . ( 1 1 6)
Stockman Helmut ( 1 62) Wedberg Tom ( 1 1 4) Meissen (21)
Stoltz Goesta (78) Weinstein Norman (28) Moravec Josef ( 1 8)
Suba Mihai ( 1 29, 1 47) Wojtkiewicz Aleksander (90) Nadareishvili Gia ( 1 1 5)
Suetin Alexey ( 1 36) Neustadtl H. (20)
Sunger (35) Yanofsky Daniel (34, 1 43) Pogasianc Emst ( 1 8)
Yates Frederick (22, 85) Prokes Ladislav ( 1 7, 4 7)
Taimanov Mark (30, 85, 1 69) Yudovich Mikhail (95) Prokop Frantisek (33)
Tal Mihail (59, 79, 99, 1 02, Reti Richard ( 1 6, 1 8, 6 1 )
1 1 4, 1 1 7, 133, 153, 1 56, 159, Zdravkovic Toma ( 1 1 3) Rinck Henri ( 1 6)
1 62, 169) Zivanic Marko (95) Sackmann Franz (3 1 )
Tarrasch Siegbert (29, 1 62) Zivkovic Branimir (2 1 ) Salkind B . Lazar (50)
Tartakower Saviely (63) Zozulia Ana (27) Salvioli C. (24, 36)
Thomas George Alan (63, 99) Zubarev Nikolay (87) Selesniev A. (48)
Timman Jan ( 1 1 3 , 1 1 7, 1 56) Zueger Beat (93) Schiffers Emanuel (37)
Tiviakov Sergei (46) Zukanovic Enes ( 1 04) Troitzky Aleksey (28, 49)
Todorcevic Miodrag ( 1 07) Zurakhov Vladlen ( 1 00) Von Holzhausen Walther (68)
Todorovic Goran M. (86) Zvorykina Kira (29) Walker George (2 1 , 23)
Tolus Alexander ( I l l)
Topalov Veselin ( 1 7 1 ) STUDIES COMPUTER
Torre Repetto Carlos ( 1 3 1 ,
1 5 9) Adamson H. Anthony ( 1 7, 1 9) Deep Junior ( 1 60)
Toth Aleksandar (34) Blathy Otto Titus (23) X3D Fritz ( 1 43)
1 76
CONTENTS
Introduction 3 Definition of combina tion 61

Acknowledgments 5 Mate combinations 63
Com binations for achieving:
PART ONE - a draw 64
(Pawn's endings) - material advantage 69
- certain positional mark 70
How to do endings 9 Classification of combination 72
No pain no gain 10 Com bination with sacrifice:
Unpleasant experience 12 - pawn 73
Square rule 13 - knight 83
Opposition 19 - bishop 97
Triangle maneuver 21 - rook 1 09
Zugzwang 24 - queen 1 25
Pawn's brake through 26
Combinations fa- a draw 29 PART THREE
Opposition of "knight's jump" 31 (Strategic motives)
Passed pawn 32
United passed pawns 34 Strategic motives 1 39
The rule of sixth (third) row 36 King's evacuation 1 40
Deficiency in pawn's structure 38 Ki ng i n the centcr 144
Transition in pawn's ending 43 Decastling of the king 148
Wrong evalua tion 46 Attack over h-file 151
Transition in other endings 47 Compensation fa- the queen 1 54
Weak basic row 157
PART TWO Classical bishop's sacrifice 160
(Miraculous world ofcombioations) Dominant knight 1 63
Knight in isolation 1 66
M iraculous world of combinationsSS Queen in isolation 1 71
How to progress in tactics 56 Index o f names 1 74
Hist orical survey 57 Contents 1 77

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What is the book about?

What is the book about?

What are the three parts of the book?

What are the three parts of the book?

Author

IM Slobodan Mirkovic, FIDE trainer

No. of copies - 1200

Herceg Novi, September 14th 2005

(This edition is published in honor of European youth championship

This year Montenegro chess federation S l obodan Mirkovic chose carefully

Some theorethicals consider that it is good b) problematical.

How to learn endings? IMPROVING COMMON TECHNIQUE

2. Improving c ommon technique.

draw, on 7 .'i!;ld4 'i!;la4 af ter 8.'i!;lc4 and a

Moscow, 1997 This position couldn't give me a piece of

3. I only paid attention on my threats atd I

underestimated opponent's threats.

S.�b3! not good S.d6? �f6 6.�f4 �e6

A few basic examples are given for every of

a l -a5-e5-e l form square. Playing 1.�e5

Black moves - a draw Black moves - White winning

White moves - winning

Black moves - White winning

Black moves - White winning White moves - winning

Black moves - winning

sacrifice 2.�f3 Wf7 3.�e4�f64.�f3 �fS

Promotion with a check time 2.�f6 h3 3.�e7 h2 4.c7 �b7 5.�d7

White moves - winning

H . A. Adamson, 1921 L. Prokes, 1947

White moves - a draw White moves - a draw

White moves - a draw

White moves - a draw White moves - a draw

White moves - a draw

OPPOSITION Dukl os , 1903

Opposition is when distance between the

White moves - a draw

White moves - a draw

In position in diagram the distance between

the kings is 3 squares , which means that

4. �f6 and it is still the same as in the variant

White moves - a draw

t.�hl ! distance between kings is 3 squares,

2.Wg2 gives clear draw l.�gl � 1 3.�hl Triangle maneuver

Vrnjacka Banja, 1 9S1 G. Walker, IS92

White moves - a draw White winning

3. �eS �f8 4. �d6! r$;e8 S.�e6 �f8 6.r$; d7

would answer 3...r$;c7 3 r$; c8 4. �dS! �c7

6. �b6 and White wins.

White moves - winning

It would be not good for White I . �e3

form triangle e2-fl-j3 and Black resigns, on

White �oves - winning

O. T. Blathy, 1890 �a8 IOI .�c4 �b7 10l.�d4 a3 I 03.ba3

The essence of this dissertation is in Triangle

' �aS 3.�b3 �b6 4.�c3 �a5

S.�dl! Introductory move which is forming

Zugzwang C. Salvioli, 1887

Zugzwang is situation where one side must

l .gS! it would be wrong 1 .!i!;>c2? because