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    Multi Variable Controls

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    JivashiniBalasupurManiam
    Multiloop and multivariable control systems were introduced. [1] Multiloop control involves each manipulated variable depending on a single controlled variable, while multivariable control involves dependencies between multiple input and output variables. [2] Process interaction, where a change in one input affects multiple outputs, is an important concept. [3] Determining an appropriate control configuration and deriving a process model are important for characterizing interactions and designing effective control strategies.

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    Multi Variable Controls

    Uploaded by

    JivashiniBalasupurManiam
    261 views17 pages
    Multiloop and multivariable control systems were introduced. [1] Multiloop control involves each manipulated variable depending on a single controlled variable, while multivariable control involves dependencies between multiple input and output variables. [2] Process interaction, where a change in one input affects multiple outputs, is an important concept. [3] Determining an appropriate control configuration and deriving a process model are important for characterizing interactions and designing effective control strategies.

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    Multi loop and multi variable control system

    Original Title

    Multi variable controls

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    Multiloop and multivariable control systems were introduced. [1] Multiloop control involves each manipulated variable depending on a single controlled variable, while multivariable control involves dependencies between multiple input and output variables. [2] Process interaction, where a change in one input affects multiple outputs, is an important concept. [3] Determining an appropriate control configuration and deriving a process model are important for characterizing interactions and designing effective control strategies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    261 views17 pages

    Multi Variable Controls

    Uploaded by

    JivashiniBalasupurManiam
    Multiloop and multivariable control systems were introduced. [1] Multiloop control involves each manipulated variable depending on a single controlled variable, while multivariable control involves dependencies between multiple input and output variables. [2] Process interaction, where a change in one input affects multiple outputs, is an important concept. [3] Determining an appropriate control configuration and deriving a process model are important for characterizing interactions and designing effective control strategies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are about multi-loop and multi-variable control systems, process interaction, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of control system.

    Multi-loop control systems involve each manipulated variable depending on a single controlled variable, while multi-variable control systems allow each manipulated variable to depend on two or more controlled variables.

    Process interaction refers to the phenomenon where a change in one input will lead to changes in multiple outputs, even when control loops are formed.

    PROCESS CONTROL

    BNQ 30703

    MULTI-LOOP & MULTI-VARIABLE


    CONTROL SYSTEM

    TS. DR. NASRUL FIKRY BIN CHE PA


    Group Members
    AKMAL HAFISZI BIN ABDUL AZIZE

    ANIQ AFIFI BIN SELAMAT

    DEONG JING LIE

    HO CON NIE

    JIVASHINI A/P BALASUPURMANIAM

    NORHANIFAH BINTI ABDUL HALIM

    NUR AINAA ZUHAIRAH BINTI HEIRMAN


    “
    • In Multiloop and Multivariable Control part, we will be concerned on process interaction
    and selection an appropriate multiloop control configuration.
    • In order to determine a system completely, degree of freedom must be zero (DoF=0)
    • To reduce the DoF to zero, two source of additional specification contributed were
    surrounding and control system
    Surrounding - Everything outside the domain of closed loop which has the capability of

    “
    influencing the operating condition (Disturbance & External specified inputs)
    Control System- Control the relationship between output and the inputs to be manipulated.
    (Multiloop and Multivariables Control)

    Introduction !!!
    01 02

    MULTI-LOOP CONTROL MULTI-VARIABLE CONTROL

    - Each Manipulated variable can depends on


    - Each Manipulated variable depends
    two more of controlled variables
    on single controlled variable
    - Example: Decoupling control / model
    - Example: Set of Conventional feedback
    predictive control
    controller

    03
    BACKGROUND OF
    THE SYSTEM Voznesenskii considered the
    feasibility by providing separate
    controllers for the individual
    variables and setting up such
    coupling that causes changes in one
    variables, not effect other.

    2.
    1. 3.
    Theory - first proposed in The problem of non-interaction is
    Sovient Union in 1938. solved by first order
    Initial effort concerned to differential equation by
    non-interaction problem. assuming ideal controllers.
    Golomb and Usdin come up with
    matrix of error coefficients and
    derive an explicit expression.

    5.

    4. 6.
    Pioneers of the multi variable Mesarovic consider multivariable
    control system Boksenborn and contol as an independent problem.
    Hood in USA. Theirs first paper Designed new ideas applicability of
    with problems related to non- variational techniques to design
    interaction was published multi-variable system.
    in 1950.
    INTERACTION BETWEEN
    CONTROL LOOPS
    Consider a process with two inputs and two outputs:

    The schematic of such process is given by the figure 3(a):

    (a) Open Loop (b) Closed Loop


    Figure 3: Schematic of a two input and two output system
    Any change in either of the inputs will lead to change in the values of both the outputs.
    This phenomenon persists even when two control loops are formed as in Figure 3(b).
    This is termed as control loop interaction.
    There are two types of effects of an input on an output, which are direct and indirect.
    The effects are best explained by the Figure 4 where blue line indicates direct effect
    of input on output within its own loop, i.e. , loop 1 whereas another line indicates
    indirect effect of input on output that yields through loop 2.

    Figure 4: Direct and indirect effects of control loop interaction


    Application
    • In wastewater treatment plant, there are
    many process – model – bioreactor models
    • The bioreactor models – non-linear
    multivariable systems –
    contain a significant degree of coupling
    • This model – the performance of the
    methods for input-output
    pairing selection
    C MIMO
    MIMOsystem
    system(2
    (2xx22system)
    system)
    A
    S Input-output relation (in vector-
    matrix notation form)

    E
    Process transfer function matrix:

    S
    Transfer function:
    T
    U The steady state process transfer
    function matrix (s=0) is called
    D process gain matrix (K)

    Y
    The alternative strategy is to pair Y1 with U2 and Y2
    with U1
    • Simplified by excluding the transfer function for final
    control element and sensor transmitter.
    • Disturbance variable also can be negligible.

    If a disturbance moves away Y1 from its set point Ysp1


    • Controller 1 (Gc1)adjust U1
    >>>affect Y2 via transfer function Gp21
    • Y2 changed, controller (Gc2) adjust U2
    >>> affects Y1 via transfer function Gp12
    Multi-loop control system
    Autotuning of such system is
    Simple Algorithms. required engineer
    A D
    master with model design.
    d is
    Easy to understand by v a The regulator parameter
    plant operating personnel a d tuning approaches on the
    which used simplicity of n v basic of plural integration
    control structure.
    ta a considered.
    Easy to monitor - each g n
    control uses only one es ta Has limitation that caused by
    controlled variable and g a regulator or the plant
    structure.
    adjusts one es
    manipulated variables.
    Multi-variable control system
    The problem can be tricky
    Improve control system when control system
    where can control many A D
    required multiple objective
    variable in one time. d is
    that would effect the
    v a process variable
    a d simultaneously.
    n v
    The controller are attractive ta a .
    Costly for financial
    because can adjust the g n consideration and energy
    controller setting
    es ta spent.
    automatically to
    g
    compensate for
    changing process dynamic es
    Conclusion
    Multiloop and multivariable control system have
    01 been introduced, and the important concept
    process interaction defined.

    can be used to represent the input-output


    02
    behavior of the process without control.

    The process model can be employed to


    03 determine a useful measure of interaction: the
    relative gain array.
    Transmission interaction can strongly affect the
    04 behavior of a multivariable system.
    Thank you

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