Appendix A

Reference List for Some Reported Biological Effects from

Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR)

Prepared by:

Cindy Sage
Sage Associates

April 2003

Acherman P et al, 2000. Exposure to pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field during

waking affects human sleep EEG. NeuroReport 11(15):3321-3325.

Adey,WR et al, 1999. Incidence of spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors

of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats chronically exposed to modulated
microwaves. Radiation Research 152: 293-302.

Akeov, IG et al, 2002. Enzymatic activity of some tissues and blood serum from animals
and humans exposed to microwaves and hypothesis on the possible role of free radical
processes in the nonlinear effects and modification of emotional behavior of animals.
Radiats Biol Radioecol, 42(3):32-330.

Beason, RC & Semm, P, 2002. Responses of neurons to an amplitude modulated

microwave stumuls. Neuroscience Letters 333:175-178.

Belokrinitsky, VS, 1982,. Destructive and reparative processes in hippocampus with

long-term exposure to nonionizing radiation. In: U.S.S.R. Report, Effects of Nonionizing
Microwave Radiation, No. 7, JPRS 81865, pp. 15-20.

Bolshakov, MA & Alekseev, SI, 1992. Bursting responses of Lymnea neurons to

microwave radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 13(2): 119-129.

Borbely, AA et al, 1999. Pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field affects human

sleep and sleep electroencephalogram. Neuroscience Letters 275(3): 207-210.

Boscolo et al, 2001. Effects of electromagnetic fields produced by radiotelevision

broadcasting stations on the immune system of women. Sci Total Environ 273(1-3):1-10.

Chia SE et al, 2000. Prevalence of headache among handheld cellular telephone users in
Singapore: A Community Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 108(11):1059-
1062.

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Chiang, H et al, 1989. Health effects of environmental electromagnetic fields. Journal of
Bioelectricity 8: 127-131.

Chou, CK et al, 1992. Long-term low level microwave irradiation of rats.

Bioelectromagnetics 13:469-496.

Dasdag, S et al, 1999. Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and
testicular function of rats. Urological Research 27(3):219-223.

De Pomerai, D et al, 2000. Non-thermal heat-shock response to microwaves. Nature 405:

417-418.

D’Inzeo, G et al, 1988. Microwave effects on acetylcholine-induced channels in cultured

chick myotubes. Bioelectromagnetics 9: 363-372.

Dolk, H et al, 1997. Cancer incidence near radio and television transmitters in Great
Britain. American Journal of Epidemiology 145(1): 1-9.

Dumansky, JD & Shandala, MG, 1974. The biological action and hygenic
significance of elecromagnetic fields of superhigh and ultrahigh frequencies in densely
populated areas. In: Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation.
Proceedings of an International Symposium, Czerski, P et al, (Eds) Warsaw, 15-18
October, 1973, Polish Medical Publishers.

Dutta, SK et al, 1989. Radiofrequency radiation-induced calcium ion efflux enhancement

from human and other neuroblastoma cells in culture. Bioelectromagnetics 10: 197-202.

Elekes, E, 1996. Effect on the immune system of mice exposed chronically to 50 Hz

amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics 17:246-248.

Federal Communications Commission, 1997. OET Bulletin 65: 1997-01

Fesenko, EE et al, 1999. Microwaves and cellular immunity. I. Effect of whole body
microwave irradiation on tumor necrosis factor production in mouse cells.
Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 49 (1): 29-35.

Garaj-Vrhrovac, V et al, 1999. Micronucleus assay and lymphocyte mitotic activity in

risk assessment of occupational exposure to microwave radiation. Chemosphere 39 (13)
2301-2312.

Hamnerius, Y, 2000. Microwave exposure from mobile phones and base stations in
Sweden. International Conference on Cell Tower Siting, June 7-8, 2000, Sponsored by
the University of Vienna & LandSalzburg, Salzburg, Austria.

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Hjollund NH, Bonde JP, Skotte J, 1997 Semen analysis of personnel operating military
radar equipment. Reprod Toxicol 11(6):897

Hocking, B et al, 1996. Cancer incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers
Medical Journal of Australia 165(11-12): 601-605.

Hocking, B et al, 2000. Decreased survival for childhood leukemia in proximity to TV

towers. Poster presented at the Annual Scientific Meeeting of the Royal Australian
College of Physicians in Adelaide, SA, Australia, May 2000.

Huber, R et al, 2002. Electromagnetic fields, such as those from mobile phonesm alter
regional cerebral blood flow and sleep and waking EEG. J. Sleep Res. 11: 289-295.

IEEE, 1999. C95: 1-1999(US)

Ivaschuk, OI et al, 1997. Exposure of nerve growth factor-treated PC 12 rat

pheochromocytoma cells to a modulated radiofrequency field at 836.55 MHz: effects on
c-jun and c-fos expression. Bioelectromagnetics 18 (3): 223-229.

Koivisto, M et al, 2000a. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular
telephones on response times in humans. Neuroreport 11: 413-415.

Koivisto, M et al, 2000b. The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones
on working memory. Neuroreport 11:1641-1643.

Kolodynski, AA, & Kolodynska VV, 1996. Motor and psychological functions of
school children living in the area of the Skrunda radio location station in Latvia. Science
of the Total Environment 180:87-93.

Krause, CM et al, 2000. Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by a cellular phone on

the EEG during a memory task. Neuroreport 11:761-764.

Kues, HA et al, 1992. Increased sensitivity of the non-human primate eye to radiation
following opthalmic drug pretreatment. Bioelectromagnetics 13:379-393.

Kwee, S et al, 1997. The biological effects of microwave radiation. Proceedings of the
Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine,
Bologna, Italy, June 1997.

Kwee, S et al, 2001. Changes in cellular protiens due to environmental non-ionizing

radiation. I. Heat-shock protiens. Electro-and Magnetobiology 20:141-152.

Lai H, & Singh, NP, 1996. Single and double strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after
acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. International Journal of
Radiation Biology 69:513-21.

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Lass, J et al, 2002. Effects of 7 Hz-modulated 450 MHz electromagnetic radiation on
human performance in visual memory tasks. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 73(10): 937-944.

Lebedeva NN et al, 2000. Cellular phone electromagnetic field effects on bioelectric

activity of human brain. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 28(1-2) 323-337.

Leszczynski, D et al, 2002. Non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress

pathway by mobile phone radiation in the human endothelial cells: Molecular mechanism
for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects. Differentiation 70: 120-129.

Lu, ST et al, 1999. Ultrawide-band electromagnetic pulses induced hypotension in rats.

Physiology and Behavior, 67:753-761.

Magras, IN & Zenos, TD, 1997. RF Radiation-induced changes in the prenatal

development of mice. Bioelectromagnetics 18:455-461.

Mann, K et al, 1996. Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on human

sleep. Neuropsychobiology 33:41-47.

Mann, K et al, 1998. Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on the

neuroendocrine system. Neuroendocrinology 67: 139-144.

Mantiply, ED et al, 1997. Summary of measured radiofrequency electric and magnetic

fields (10 kHz to 30 GHz) in the general and work environment. Bioelectromagnetics 18:
563-577.

Navakatikian, MA & Tomashevskaya, LA, 1994 Phasic behavioral and endocrine effects
of microwaves of nonthermal intensity. In: Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic
Fields, Volume 1, Carpenter, DO, (Ed.) Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA., pp. 333-
342.

Novoselova, EG et al, 1999. Microwaves and cellular immunity. II Immunostimulating

effects of microwaves and naturally occurring antioxident nutrients. Bioelectrochemistry
and Bioenergetics 49 (1): 37-41.

Persson, RR et al, 1997. Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats exposed to

electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication. Wireless Networks 3:455-461.

Paredi P et al, 2001. Local Vasodilator Response to Mobile Phones. Laryngoscope 111:
159-162.

Phillips, J et al, 1998. DNA damage in molt-4 lymphoblastoid cells exposed to cellular
telephone radiofrequency fields in vitro. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 45:103-
110.

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Preece. A et al, 1999. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive
function in man. International Journal of Radiation Biology 75: 447-456.

Ray, S & Behari, J, 1990. Physiological changes in rats after exposure to low levels of
microwaves. Radiation Research 123: 190-202.

Repacholi, M. et al, 1997. Lymphomas in Eµ-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed

900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Radiation Research 147:31-40.

Richter, E et al, 2000. Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave

radiation: sentinel episodes. International Journal of Occupational Health 6(3): 187-193.

Sage Associates, 2000. An overview of radiofrequency/microwave radiation studies

relevant to wireless communications and data. International Conference on Cell Tower
Siting, Salzburg, Austria, Land Salzburg-Landessanitatsdirektion – Umweltmedizin,
Federal State of Salzburg Public Health Department, Environmental Health Unit, June 7-
8, 2000.

Salford, LG et al. 1994. Permeability of the blood brain barrier induced by 915 MHz
electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50 and 200 Hz.
Microscopy Research and Technique 27:535-542.

Salford, LG et al, 2003. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to
microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environmental Health Perspectives Online
January 29.

Sandstrom M et al, 2001. Mobile phone use and subjective symptoms. Comparison of
symptoms experienced by users of analogue and digital mobile phones. Occup Med
51(1) 25-35.

Santini R et al, 2001. Symptoms rapportes par des utilisateurs de telephones mobiles
cellulaires. Path Biol 49:222-226.

Schirmacher, A et al, 2000. Electromagnetic fields (1.8 GHz) increase the permeability
of sucrose of the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 21:338-345.

Schwartz, JL et al, 1990. Exposure of frog hearts to CW or amplitude-modulated VHF

fields: selective efflux of calcium ions at 16Hz. Bioelectromagnetics 11(4): 349-358.

Seaman, RL et al, 1999. Hyperactivity caused by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor is

countered by ultra-wide band pulses. Bioelectromagnetics 20: 431-439.

Somosy, Z et al, 1991. Effects of modulated and continuous microwave irradiation on

the morphology and cell surface negative charge of 3T3 fibroblasts. Scanning Microsc
5(4):1145-1155.

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Somosy, Z et al, 1993. Effects of modulated and continuous microwave irradiation on
pyroantimonate precipitable calcium content in junctional complex of mouse small
intestine. Scanning Microsc 7(4): 1255-1261.

Stagg RB et al, 1997. DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in C6 glioma and primary
glial cells exposed to 836.55 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. Bioelectromagnetics
18(3):230-236.

Stang A et al, 2001. The possible role of radiofrequency radiation in the development of
uveal melanoma. Epidemiology 12(1):7-12.

Stark KD et al, 1997. Absence of chronic effect of exposure to short-wave radio

broadcast signal on salivary melatonin concentrations in dairy cattle. J Pineal Res
22(4):171:176.

Szmigielski, S et al, 1982. Accelerated development of spontaneous and benzpyrene-

induced skin cancer in mice exposed to 2350 MHz microwave radiation.
Bioelectromagnetics 3: 179-192.

Tattersall, JE et al, 2001. Effects of low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

on electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res 904(1): 43-53.

Trosic, I et al, 2002. Micronucleus induction after whole-body microwave irradiation of

rats. Mutation Research 521: 73-79.

Velizarov, S et al, 1999. The effects of radiofrequency fields on cell proliferation are
non-thermal. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 48: 177-180.

Veyret, B et al, 1991. Antibody responses of mice exposed to low-power

microwaves under combined, pulse and amplitude modulation. Bioelectromagnetics 12:
47-56.

Weisbrot, D et al, 2003. Effects of mobile phone radiation on reproduction and

development in Drosophila melanogastor. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 89: 48-55.

Wolke, S et al, 1996. Calcium homeostasis of isolated heart muscle cells exposed to
pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 17(2): 144-153.

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