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    Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Lab Pete

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    This experiment examines the effect of temperature on the viscosity of fluids. The viscosity of lube and diesel were measured at 40°C and 100°C using a viscometer. The results showed that both fluids had lower viscosity and shorter efflux times at 100°C compared to 40°C, indicating that higher temperatures decrease viscosity. Lube was found to have a higher density but lower viscosity than diesel. The experiment demonstrates how temperature influences molecular movement and bonding, thereby impacting a fluid's resistance to flow.

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    Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Lab Pete

    Uploaded by

    Patrick
    65 views8 pages
    This experiment examines the effect of temperature on the viscosity of fluids. The viscosity of lube and diesel were measured at 40°C and 100°C using a viscometer. The results showed that both fluids had lower viscosity and shorter efflux times at 100°C compared to 40°C, indicating that higher temperatures decrease viscosity. Lube was found to have a higher density but lower viscosity than diesel. The experiment demonstrates how temperature influences molecular movement and bonding, thereby impacting a fluid's resistance to flow.

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    This experiment examines the effect of temperature on the viscosity of fluids. The viscosity of lube and diesel were measured at 40°C and 100°C using a viscometer. The results showed that both fluids had lower viscosity and shorter efflux times at 100°C compared to 40°C, indicating that higher temperatures decrease viscosity. Lube was found to have a higher density but lower viscosity than diesel. The experiment demonstrates how temperature influences molecular movement and bonding, thereby impacting a fluid's resistance to flow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    65 views8 pages

    Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Lab Pete

    Uploaded by

    Patrick
    This experiment examines the effect of temperature on the viscosity of fluids. The viscosity of lube and diesel were measured at 40°C and 100°C using a viscometer. The results showed that both fluids had lower viscosity and shorter efflux times at 100°C compared to 40°C, indicating that higher temperatures decrease viscosity. Lube was found to have a higher density but lower viscosity than diesel. The experiment demonstrates how temperature influences molecular movement and bonding, thereby impacting a fluid's resistance to flow.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 8

    KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

    PETROLEUM ENGINEERING LAB PETE (375)

    FLUID PROPERTIES LAB

    NAME: ANTHONY AMEYAW DAMOAH ADJEI

    INDEX: 6910516

    EXPERIMENT NO: 3

    DEMONSTRATOR: EMMANUEL APPIAH DANKWAH


    TILE: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON VISCOSITY IN FLUIDS

    TABLE OF CONTENTS
    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................. 3

    INTRODUCTION .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

    APPARATUS ....................................................................................................... 3

    PROCEDURE ....................................................................................................... 4

    OBSERVATIONS AND DATA .......................................................................4-6

    TABLE OF RESULTS…………………………………………………………..6

    DISCUSSIONS .................................................................................................. 10

    ERROR ANALYSIS............................................................................................. 7

    PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................... 7

    CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 8

    REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 8
    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

    1. To examine the effect of viscosity on fluids

    INTRODUCTION

    This experiment talks about the viscosity of fluids. Viscosity is a


    quantitative measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. Viscosity is an important
    physical property that controls the flow of fluids through porous media and pipes.
    Viscosity affects the flow of fluids. High viscous fluids would take a long time to
    flow and low viscous fluids would take a shorter time to flow from one point to
    another.

    Viscosity of fluids are affected by two main factors. They are temperature
    and pressure. An increase in temperature would cause a decrease in viscosity.
    When the temperature of a fluid is increased, the molecules gain more kinetic
    energy and move apart. This increases the bond length and in turn decreases the
    bond strength. Therefore, the viscosity is decreased.

    An increase in pressure would cause an increase in viscosity and vice versa.


    When the pressure of a fluid is increased, the volume is decreased and this would
    bring the molecules together, thereby decreasing the bond length and hence,
    increases the bond strength.

    APPARATUS

    1. Viscometer
    2. Water bath
    3. Pycnometer
    4. Stop watch
    5. Mass Balance
    MATERIALS
    1. Lube 2. Diesel
    PROCEDURE

    1. The lube and Diesel was weighed on a mass balance and their masses were
    recorded.
    2. The volume of the pycnometer was noticed and recorded.
    3. The mass of the empty pycnometer was weighed and recorded.
    4. The empty pycnometer was filled with lube and weighed with a mass balance
    and its mass was recorded.
    5. Another pycnometer was filled Diesel and weighed with a mass balance and
    its mass was recorded.
    6. The reservoir of two different viscometers was filled with lube and Diesel.
    7. The viscometers are put into a water bath and heated to 100 and 40 degree
    Celsius for a period of time.
    8. The fluid was then sucked into the bulb A and the sucker was released for the
    fluid to flow pass the mark and the time taken was recorded.

    OBSERVATIONS AND DATA

    LUBE

    Volume of pycnometer = 10.223 cm3

    Mass of empty pycnometer = 16.132g

    Mass of filled pycnometer = 24.782g

    Density=mass/volume= 0.846g/cm^3
    Viscometer serial number= 350371P

    Constant at 40 degree Celsius= 0.4705mm^2/s^2

    Constant at 100 degree Celsius= 0.4683 mm^2/s^2

    Efflux time after 10 minutes at 40 degree Celsius = 12.13s

    Efflux time after 15 minutes at 100 degree Celsius= 4.61s

    Kinematic viscosity=efflux time x constant

    Kinematic viscosity at 40 degree Celsius

    = 12.13*0.4705*10^(-6)=5.70*10^(-6)m^2/s

    Absolute viscosity at 40 degree Celsius

    =v*p=5.70*10^(-6)*846=4.822*10^(-3) N-s/m2

    Kinematic viscosity at 100 degree Celsius

    =4.61*0.4683*10^(-6)=2.159*10^(-6)m^2/s

    Absolute viscosity at 100 degree Celsius

    =v*p=2.159*10^(-6)*846=1.826*10^(-3)N-s/m^2

    DIESEL

    Volume of empty pycnometer = 9.838 cm3

    Mass of empty pycnometer = 16.916g

    Mass of filled pycnometer = 25.068 g

    Viscometer Serial number= 200412S

    Constant at 40 degree Celsius= 0.1092mm^2/s^2

    Constant at 100 degree Celsius= 0.1088mm^2/s^2

    Efflux time after 10 minutes at 40 degree Celsius= 31.19s


    Efflux time after 15 minutes at 100 degree Celsius= 12.20s

    Density = 8.152/9.838=0.829g/cm3

    Kinematic viscosity at 40 degree Celsius

    = 31.9*0.1092*10^ (-6) =3.484*10^ (-6) m^2/s

    Absolute viscosity at 40 degree Celsius

    =v*p= 3.484*10^(-6)*829=2.89*10^(-3)N-s/m^2

    Kinematic viscosity at 100 degree Celsius

    =12.20*0.1088*10^(-6)=1.327*10^(-6)m^2/s

    Absolute viscosity at 100 degree Celsius

    =v*p=1.327*10^(-6)*829=1.1*10^(-3)N-s/m^2

    TABLE OF RESULTS

    Table for the determination of density

    Volume of Mass of Mass of Mass of Density


    empty empty filled fluid g/cm3
    pycnometer / pycnometer pycnometer /g
    cm3 /g /g
    Lube 10.223 16.132 24.782 8.65 0.846
    Diesel 9.838 16.916 25.068 8.152 0.829

    Table for the determination of efflux time

    Fluid Temperature / degree Efflux time / seconds


    Celsius
    Lube 40 12.13
    100 4.61
    Diesel 40 31.19
    100 12.20

    DISCUSSIONS

    In the experiment, the fluids were heated to 100 degree Celsius and 40
    degree Celsius. From the experiment, it could be seen that the efflux time of the
    fluids at 100 degree Celsius is lower than that of 40 degree Celsius. This is
    observed because at 100 degree Celsius, the molecules gained more kinetic
    energy than molecules of the fluids at 40 degree Celsius. The fluid molecules at
    100 degree Celsius moved farther apart thereby reducing the bond strength and
    this caused a decrease in viscosity. When the viscosity of a fluid is decreased, it
    takes it a relatively smaller time to flow.

    The efflux time of diesel at 40 degree Celsius was higher than that of the
    lube because the diesel is more viscous than lube and that was why it took it a
    relatively more time to flow to reach the mark.

    From the density table, it could be observed that lube had a density greater
    than that of diesel.

    ERROR OF ANALYSIS

    1. Some of the fluids were lost when heated.


    2. Errors due to parallax were made when ensuring that the meniscus of the
    fluid was on the mark

    PRECAUTIONS

    1. It was ensured the mass balance was zeroed before weighing the
    pycnometer.
    2. It was ensured that the filled pycnometer was wiped of excess fluids around
    it so that they do not add to the mass of the pycnometer.
    3. It was ensured that the fluid samples were not contaminated.
    4. It was ensured two different viscometer were used for the two diesels

    CONCLUSIONS

    From the experiment, it can be concluded that viscosity is dependent on


    temperature and that an increase in temperature would cause a decrease in
    viscosity. Also, it can be concluded that a lube is denser than diesel.

    REFERENCES

    1. Amyx, J.M., Bass, D.M., Whiting, R., 1960. Petroleum Reservoir


    Engineering — Physical Properties. McGraw-Hill, pp 459-461.
    2. Beggs, H.D., Robinson, J.R., 1975. Estimating the viscosity of crude oil
    systems. J. Pet. Technol. 27 (9), pp 1140–1141.
    3. Craft, B., Hawkins, M., 1959. Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering.
    Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 115-118.

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