www.eenadupratibha.

net
-Éç-úÕ-ߪ’-Ø˛ -§ƒ-L-öÃ
¶µ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn-©’
e t
≤ƒnEéπ v°¶æ ºµ’ûªyç ÅØË °æü¿ç ¢Á·ü¿ô Éçí∫çx ú˛™ (1871) ¢√úø’é- π™- éÀ ´*açC. Ææ÷©n çí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ ≤ƒnEéπ v°¶æ ºµ’ûªyç Åçõ‰

. n
≤ƒnEéπ v°ïæ ©’ ᆒo-éÓí¬, ¢√JéÀ ¶«üµ¿uûª ´£œ«ç*, ¢√J ´·ë«u-´Æ- ®-æ √-©†’ B®Ω’Ææ÷h, vü¿´u-ÊÆ-éπ®- Ωù éÓÆæç v°ïæ ©- °j °æ†’o©’, Ææ’ç鬩’
NCµçîË £æ«èπ◊\ éπLT, ¨»Ææ† °æJN- ’-A™ Ææyߪ’ç §ƒ©-Ø√-Cé-µ ¬®Ωç Ö†o v°¶æ ºµ’ûªy ÆæçÆæ.n äé𠶵«´-†í¬ (Concept) í¬ îÁ§ƒp©çõ‰

h a
≤ƒnEéπ v°¶æ ºµ’ûªyç •£æ›´- ·-ë-†’t-ê¢- Á’çi C. äéπ EKgûª ¶µ˜íÓ-Réπ v§ƒçûªç™ E´-Æçœ îË Ææç°∂æ’ö- ûÀ ª v°ñæ « Ææ´‚£æ«ç û√´’çû√ äéπõ‰ ņo

b
¶µ«´-††’ °ç§Òç-Cç-é- Ó-¢√-©çõ‰ éÌEo NP≠æd ÇJnéπ, ≤ƒç°∂’œ éπ, ®√ï-éß Ã ª’, ¶µ˜íÓ-Réπ, §ƒ©† ©éπ~ù- «©’ Å- Ø- N-Ë Çüµ∆®- Ωçí¬ Öçö«®·.
✪
✪ i
≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’-û√y©’ ≤ƒ®Ωy-¶µ˜-´÷-Cµ-鬮Ωç ™‰E, Öûªp-†o-¢Á’i† (derivative) ÆæçÆæn©’.

t
a
ÉN EKgûª v§ƒçûªç-™ØË ûª´’ 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ-©†’ E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh®·. Íé´©ç ≤ƒnEéπ v°æï-©èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫°æúøû√®·. ≤ƒnEéπ

r
Å´Ææ®√©†’ Ææ´’-èπÿÍ®a °æ†’-©†’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îË≤ƒh®·.
✪
✪ p
≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’-û√y-©Â°j °j≤ƒn®· v°æ¶µº’-û√y© EJl≠dæ ¶«£æ«u-E-ߪ’ç-vûªù Öçô’çC.

u
d
ûª´’ 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ-©†’ E®Ωy-£œ«çéÓ´-ú≈-EéÀ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æ†’o-©†’ NCµç--èπ◊ç-ö«®·. ¢√J{éπ •úÁ-bö¸†’ Ç¢Á÷-C-≤ƒh®·. DE-

a
éÓÆæç v°æï©’ ᆒoèπ◊†o, v°æï-©èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿uûª ´£œ«çîË 'éıEq™¸— ™‰ü∆ '¶®Ω’f— Öçô’çC.
✪
n
≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ÅçCçîË ÊÆ´©éπßË’u ´uߪ’ç™ éÌçûª ¶µ«í¬Eo ≤ƒnEéπ v°æï©’ °æ†’o© ü∆y®√ îÁLx-≤ƒh®Ω’. °æ†’o©’ NCµçîË

e
ÅCµ-鬮Ωç ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’-û√y© ´·êu ©éπ~-ù«™x äéπöÀ.

w.e v§ƒ<-†-é¬-©ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’-û√y©’

t
w w n e
≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn©’ ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨»-EéÀ éÌûªh é¬ü¿’. v°æ´·ê îªJ-vûª-é¬-®Ω’úø’ ú≈éπd®˝ ®√üµ∆-èπ◊-´÷®˝ ´·êKb ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç
v°æ鬮Ωç – ØËúø’ ÅØËéπ Ø√í∫-Jéπ ü˨»™x Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç (™‰ü∆ ®√≠æZ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç) ÖüËl-¨¡-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬ ûª† 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ-©†’ Ææçvéπ-´’ùç

a .
(Devolution), °æJ-N’A E®Ωgߪ’ç (Delimitation) îËÆœ Ææyߪ’ç °æJ-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn-©†’ à®√pô’ îË≤ÚhçC. é¬F v§ƒ<†
¶µ«®Ωûªü˨¡ç™ ≤ƒ´·-ü∆-ߪ’éπ ÆæçÆæn©’ (Communal institutions) v¨Ïù’©’ (Guilds), ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn©’ (Local bodies) Å°æpöÀ
ÅE-Paûª ÅÆæç-°æ‹®Ωg °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© ´©x ¢√ôç-ûªô Å¢Ë ÇN-®Ωs¥-Nç* ´%Cl¥ îÁçü∆®·.
✪
b h
t i
¢Ëü∆©’ ´·êuçí¬ ®Ω’Ííyü¿ç v°æï©’ ûª´’-ûª´’ Ææ´’-Ææu© °æJ-≥ƒ\-®√-EéÀ Ææ´’≠œd ü¿%éπpü∑¿ç Å´-©ç-Gç-î√-®ΩE Ê°®Ì\çC.
Èé.°œ. ïߪ’-≤ƒy™¸ ÅØË îªJ-vûª-é¬-®Ω’úø’ 'ÇØ√úø’ ñ«Bߪ’ @´† 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ©’ v°æï© Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç §ÒçC† Æ涵º©’, ÆæçÆæn© ü∆y®√

✪
´uéπh-´’ßË’uN— ÅE Ê°®Ì\-Ø√o®Ω’.

r a
p
v§ƒ<† 鬩ç™ èπÿú≈ ví¬´÷Eo ÅA-*†o °æJ-§ƒ-©† ߪ‚E-ö¸í¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-¢√®Ω’. Ç é¬©ç™ v°æï©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ví¬´÷™xØË
E´ÆœçîË¢√®Ω’. ®√´÷-ߪ’ù, ´’£æ…-¶µ«®Ωû√™x °∂æ’≠æ (Ghosha), ví¬´’ç (Grama) ÅØË v°æ≤ƒh-´† éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. '°∂æ’≠æ— ví¬´’ç

d u
éπçõ‰ éÌçîÁç *†oC. ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ Åúø-´¤-©èπ◊ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖçúËC.
✪
a
ví¬´÷-Cµ-é¬-JE 'ví¬´’ùÀ— ÅØË-¢√®Ω’. °æC-ví¬-´÷-©èπ◊ ÖçúË ÅCµ-é¬-JE 'ü¿¨¡-ví¬-´’ùÀ— ÅØË¢√®Ω’. Ø√úø’ v°æA ví¬´’ç™

n
'ví¬´’ °ü¿l©’— (Village elders) ÅØË ví¬´’ Ææç°∂æ’ç ÖçúË-ü¿E, ¢√J Ææ©£æ… Ææçv°æ-Cç-°æ¤-©ûÓ ví¬´’ùÀ †úø-éÓ¢√Lq

✪
. e
ÖçúËü¿E ú≈éπd®˝ á.áÆˇ.Ç™‰d-éπ®˝ N´Jçî√®Ω’.

e
Ø√uߪ’-E-®Ωy-£æ«ù ví¬´’ Ææç°∂æ÷© ÅA ´·êu-¢Á’i† éπ®Ωh´uç. éıöÀ-©’uúø’ ûª† Å®Ωn-¨»-ÆæYç™ ví¬N’éπ, ví¬´’-èπÿô ÅØË

ww
ví¬´÷Cµé¬®Ω’© í∫’Jç* v°æ≤ƒhNçî√úø’. ñ«ûªéπ éπü∑¿©’, Ææt %ûª’©’, ¨¡Ÿvéπ-FA, Å®Ωn-¨»ÆæYç ™«çöÀ ví∫çü∑∆™x Ê°®Ì\-†oô’x ví¬´÷™x

w
ûª™„ûËh ûªí¬-ü∆©’, ¢√uñ«u-©†’ ví¬´’-Ææ’n™‰ °æJ-≠æ \Jçèπ◊-ØË-¢√®Ω’. ߪ’ïc´©’\uúø’ °æ‹í∫, v¨ÏùÀ, èπ◊© ÅØË ´‚úø’ ®Ω鬩
Ø√uߪ’≤ƒnØ√©’ Ö†oô’x Ê°®Ì\Ø√oúø’.
v§ƒ<† 鬩ç™ †í∫®Ω §ƒ©†
ví¬´’ç (Village), °æ¤®Ωç (Town), †í∫®Ωç (City) Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ ÖçúË ¶µ‰ü∆Eo ´’†’´¤ (Manu) í∫’Jhçî√úø’. ¢√öÀ™
èπÿúø ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn©’ ÖØ√oߪ’E îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ ûªT† Çüµ∆-®√©’ ©Gµç-î√®·. °æôd-ù«©’, †í∫-®√™x Æ涵º©’ (Assemblies),

R-11-9-16
www.eenadupratibha.net
 www.eenadupratibha.net
ÆæN’-ûª’©’ (Committees) ™‰ü∆ ¶®Ω’f (Boards) ™«çöÀ ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ´u´Ææn©’ ÖçúËN. ®√V Eߪ’-N’ç-*† '†í∫-®Ωéπ— ™‰ü∆
°æ¤®Ω§ƒ-©-èπ◊-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ûªT† ÅCµ-鬮Ωç ÖçúËC. ´’¯®Ωu îªvéπ-´Jh îªçvü¿-í∫’-°æ¤húÕ Ç≤ƒn-Ø√Eo Ææçü¿-Jzç-*† vUèπ◊ ®√ߪ’-¶«J ¢Á’í∫Æhæ FÆˇ
véÃ.°æ‹.300™ ÉçúÕé¬ (Indica) ÅØË ví∫çü∑∆Eo ®Ω*ç-î√úø’. Å°æpöÀ ´’¯®Ω’u© ®√ï-üµ∆E †í∫-®Ω-¢Á’i† §ƒô-M-°æ¤vûªç™E §ƒ©Ø√ ´u´Ææn
í∫’Jç* ´Jgçî√úø’. ´’¯®Ω’u©’ †í∫®Ω §ƒ©Ø√ ´u´-Ææn†’ äéÌ\éπ\ü∆E™ Å®·-ü¿’-í∫’®Ω’ Æ涵º’u-©’çúË 6 ¶®Ω’f-©’í¬ N¶µº>çî√®Ω’. Ñ
e t
30 ´’çC Æ涵º’u©’ Ææ´’≠œdí¬ v°æï-©ç-ü¿J Å´-Ææ-®√-©èπ◊ (üµ¿®Ω-©†’ Åü¿’-°æ¤™  °ôdúøç, ´÷È®\ôx E®Ωy-£æ«ù) ¶«üµ¿uûª ´£œ«çîË¢√®Ω’.
✪

. n
ví¬´÷©’, °æôd-ù«©’ Ææyߪ’ç Ææ´’%Cl¥ ≤ƒCµç-î√-ߪ’E îµ√È®xÆˇ ¢Á’ö¸-鬰∂ˇ 1830™ ®√Æœ† 'ví¬´’ Ææç°∂æ÷©’— ÅØË ví∫çü∑¿ç™

h a
Ê°®Ì\Ø√o®Ω’. v§ƒ<† 鬩ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©† vGöÀ≠ˇ §ƒ©† éπçõ‰ v°æñ«-®Ωç-ï-éπçí¬, Ææ´’-®Ωn-´ç-ûªçí¬ ÖçúËü¿E Çî√®Ωu
´÷N’-úÕ-°æ‹úÕ ¢Áçéπ-ô-®Ωç-í∫ߪ’u û√†’ ®Ω*ç-*† Local Government in India ÅØË ví∫çü∑¿ç™ N´Jçî√®Ω’.
îÓ∞¡Ÿ© ví¬´’ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©†
i b
a t
îÓ∞¡Ÿ© 鬩ç™ ví¬´’ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©† Ö†oûª ≤ƒn®·E îË®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ü¿E îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ °æ©’ ¨»Ææ-Ø√-üµ∆-®√©’ ©Gµç-î√®·. îÁçí∫-™¸-°æö¸
>™«x-™E Öûªh®Ω ¢Ë’®Ω÷®˝ (Uttaramerur) ÅØË Åví∫-£æ…-®Ωç™ È®çúø’ ¨»Ææ-Ø√©’ (®√T) •ßª’ô°æú≈f®·. ÉN îÓ∞¡ îªvéπ-´Jh äéπö
r
°æ®√ç-ûª-èπ◊úÕ é¬™«-EéÀ îÁçC-†N (véÃ.¨¡.919, 921). Öûªh®Ω ¢Ë’®Ω÷®˝ ¨»Ææ†ç v°æ鬮Ωç û√öÀ Çèπ◊-©†’ ¶«u™„ö¸ °ævû√-©’í¬, èπ◊çúø-©†’
p
u
¶«u™„ö¸ ¶«uçèπ◊-©’í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn-©èπ◊ §ƒ©-èπ◊-©†’ áç°œéπ îËÆœ-†ô’x ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC. Å®Ω|ûª Ö†o-¢√J Ê°®Ω’x†o <ôx†’

d
èπ◊çúø™ Öç* ¢√öÀ™ Å®·-Cç-öÀE *†o-°œ-©x-©ûÓ B®·çîË °æü¿l¥A èπÿú≈ ņ’-Ææ-Jç-îË-¢√®Ω’. Ø√öÀ ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’û√y™x ´‚úø’ ®Ω鬩’

n a
ÖçúËN – 1) Ö®˝ 2) Æ涵º 3) †í∫®Ωç. ví¬O’ù v§ƒçû√™x ≤ƒnEéπ Ææ´’-Ææu© °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éÓÆæç '°æçî√Æˇ— ÅØË Å®·ü¿’í∫’®Ω’ Æ涵º’u©ûÓ
èπÿúÕ† äéπ ´’çúøL ÖçúËC. '°æçî√Æˇ— ÅØË °æü¿¢Ë’ ûª®√yûª '°æçî√-ߪ’-B—í¬ ´÷Jçü¿ØËC äéπ v°æBA.

.e e ´’üµ¿u-ߪ·-í∫ç™ ≤ƒnEé𠧃©†

w w e t
´’üµ¿u-ߪ·í∫ç™ Åçõ‰ ¢Á·í∫™¸ ≤ƒv´÷-ïuç™ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©† ÆæçÆæn©’ ÖçúËN. °æôdù °æJ-§ƒ-©-††’ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ÅCµ-é¬J
'éÌû√y™¸— îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ØË-¢√úø’. Éûªúø’ Ø√uߪ’-Ææç-•ç-üµ¿-¢Á’i†, ¨»çA-¶µº-vü¿-ûª©’, Nûªh ´u´-£æ…-®√©’, °æ¤®Ω-§ƒ-©-†èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Nüµ¿’©’

w
E®Ωy£œ«ç-îË-¢√úø’. '´·†q¶¸— ÅØË ÅCµ-é¬J éÌû√y-™¸èπ◊ ÅCµ-鬮Ω Nüµ¿’™x Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆ-¢√úø’.
✪
. n
a
´’£æ«t-Dߪ’ §ƒ©-èπ◊©’ ví¬´÷™x ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn-©†’ °æöÀ≠dçæ îËߪ’úøç°j v¨¡ü¿l¥ ´£œ«ç-îª-™‰ü¿’. °æôdù, †í∫®Ω
v°æ¶µº’û√y-©-°jØË ¢√J ü¿%≠œd ÖçúËC. Å•’™¸ °∂æ û√†’ ®Ω*ç-*† Å®·-Ø˛--É-Å-éπsK (Ain-i-Akbari) ví∫çü∑¿ç™ Ø√öÀ

b h
°æôdù v°æ¶µº’-û√y© í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-î√úø’. ví¬´’-§ƒ-©-†èπ◊ ûªT-†çûª v§Úû√q£æ«ç ©Gµç-îª-™‰ü¿’. Ê≠®√{ 鬩ç™ ´÷vûªç

i
ví¬´’≤ƒn®·™ ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn©’ °æE-îË-ÊÆN. ¢Á·í∫™¸ ≤ƒv´÷ïuç °æûª-†¢Á’i vGöÀ≠ˇ ¢√J §ƒ©† v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’uÆæJéÀ °æ‹®Ωy-鬩ç

t
†’ç* ´Ææ’h†o ví¬´’ °æJ-§ƒ-©Ø√ ´u´Ææn °æ‹Jhí¬ éÃ~ùÀç-*çC.

r a
vGöÀ≠ˇ ¢√J 鬩ç™

u p
Çüµ¿’-Eé𠶵«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ´u´Æænèπ◊, ü∆E §ƒ©Ø√ °æü¿l¥-AéÀ vGöÀ≠ˇ¢√®Ω’ ¢ËÆœ† °æ¤Ø√-ü¿’™‰ Çüµ∆®Ωç. ¢Á·ü¿öx
ߪ‚®Ó-°œ-ߪ’-†xèπ◊ ≤˘éπ®√u©’ éπLpçîª-ú≈-EéÀ, Åçô’¢√uüµ¿’©’ v°æ•-©èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ OöÀE à®√pô’ î˨»®Ω’. ûª®√yûª ÇJnéπ

a d
NÍéçvDéπ®Ωù éÓÆæç (Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ´uߪ’ ¶µ«®√Eo ûªT_çîËç-ü¿’èπ◊) ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’û√y©†’ à®√pô’ î˨»®Ω’. vGöÀ≠ˇ ¢√J 鬩ç™
≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn© ÆœnA-í∫ûª’©†’ Ø√©’í∫’ ü¿¨¡™x Åüµ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËßÁ·îª’a.

.e en ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ü¿¨¡ (1687 – 1881)

¶µ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨»-EéÀ í∫´-®Ωo®˝ ï†-®Ω-™¸í¬ °æE-îË-Æœ† ¢Á’ö¸-鬰∂ˇ ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ ví¬O’ù Ææ´÷-ñ«-©†’ LöÀ™¸ J°æ-Gxé˙í¬ ÅGµ-´Jgçî√®Ω’.

ww
¶µ«®Ωûª-üË-¨¡ç™ vGöÀ-≠ˇ-¢√®Ω’ -¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJí¬ ´’vü∆Ææ’ †í∫-®Ωç™ véÃ.¨¡.1687™ †í∫-®Ω-§ƒ-©éπ ÆæçÆæn†’ (´·Eq-°æ™¸ 鬮Ìp-Í®-≠æØ˛)
≤ƒn°œç-î√®Ω’. È®çúÓ ñ‰¢˛’q îªvéπ-´Jh DEéÀ î√®Ωd®˝ (Charter) v°æéπ-öÀç-î√úø’. ûª®√yûª 1726™ ¶Ô綫®·, éπ©-éπû√h †í∫®√™x
w
'¢Ë’ߪ’®˝ éÓ®Ω’d-©†’— à®√pô’ î˨»®Ω’. 1842™ -¢Á·-ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ ´·Eq-§ƒ-Löéèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† îªö«dEo Ç¢Á÷-Cç-î√®Ω’. ÉC ¶„çí¬™¸
®√≥ƒZEéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´JhçîËC. vGöÀ≠ˇ ÉçúÕߪ÷™ 1850™ Ñ îªö«dEo Å´’©’ î˨»®Ω’. 1858 ´®Ωèπ◊ ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ç ûª÷®Ω’p ÉçúÕߪ÷
éπç°F ÇDµ†ç™ ÖçC. ´’vü∆Ææ’, ¶Ô綫®·, éπ©-éπû√h †í∫®√™x †í∫-®Ω-§ƒ-©éπ ´u´Ææn©†’ à®√pô’ îËߪ’úøç N’†£æ… ᙫçöÀ Ωu©÷
™‰´¤.

www.eenadupratibha.net
 www.eenadupratibha.net
✪ vGöÀ≠ˇ¢√®Ω’ >™«x†’ äéπ °æJ-§ƒ-©Ø√ ߪ‚Eö¸í¬ BÆæ’èπ◊E 1772™ éπ™„éπd®˝ ÅØË °æü¿-NE Ææ%≠œdç-î √®Ω’.
î√®Ωd®Ω’ îªôdç – 1793 ´’vü∆Ææ’, éπ©-éπû√h, ¶Ô綫®· †í∫®√™x ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’û√y© à®√p-ô’èπ◊ îªôd-•ü¿l¥ûª éπLpç-*çC. î√®Ωd®Ω’
îªôdç – 1813 ü∆y®√ ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn©èπ◊ °æ†’o©’ NCµçîË, °æ†’o îÁLxç-îªE¢√J°j Ωu©’ BÆæ’èπ◊ØË ÅCµ-é¬-®√-©†’ éπLpç-î√®Ω’.
✪ 1861™ ¶µ«®Ωûª éıEq∞¡x îªö«dEo v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-ö«d®Ω’. Ñ îªôdç ≤ƒnEéπ Å´-Ææ-®√-©†’ BÍ®a ¶«üµ¿uûª†’ ®√≠æZ v°æ¶µº’-û√y-©èπ◊

e t
Å°æpTç*çC. 1864™ Å°æpöÀ í∫´-®Ωo®˝ ï†-®Ω™¸ ™«®˝f ™«È®Ø˛q v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-öÀd† B®√t†ç ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn© v°æí∫-AéÀ
´’Jçûª v§Úû√q£æ«ç É*açC. Ñ B®√t†ç ´·êu ÖüËl¨¡ç – ÇJnéπ NÍéç-vD-éπ-®Ωù.
. n
¢Ë’ßÁ÷ B®√t†ç (1870)
h a
i b
¶µ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn© îªJ-vûª™ ™«®˝f ¢Ë’ßÁ÷ B®√t-Ø√-EéÀ v°æ´·ê ≤ƒn†ç ÖçC. Ñߪ’† 1869 †’ç*
1872 ´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Ájv≤ƒ-®·í¬ °æE î˨»úø’. Ñߪ’† B®√t†ç 'ÇJnéπ NÍéç-vD-éπ-®Ωù— B®√t-†çí¬ v°æÆœCl¥í¬ç*çC. vGöÀ≠ˇ-≠æ®Ωx §ƒ©Ø√

a t
¶«üµ¿uûª†’ ÇJn-éπçí¬, §ƒ©-Ø√-°æ-®Ωçí¬ ûÌ©-Tç-î√L. °æ¤®Ω-§ƒ-©éπ, Éûª®Ω ≤ƒnEéπ ÊÆ¢√ ÆæçÆæn-©†’ NÍéç-vD-éπ-Jç-î√L. ûªü∆y®√ Ç ¶«üµ¿u-ûª†’

r
≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn-©Íé Å°æp-Tçî√L ÅØËC Ñ B®√t† ÖüËl¨¡ç. Ñ B®√t†ç ü∆y®√ °æôdù, ví¬O’ù v§ƒçû√™x -¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJí¬ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-

p
J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn-©†’ à®√pô’ îËߪ’ú≈-EéÀ O©’ éπL-TçC.

d u
È®çúÓ ü¿¨¡ (1882 – 1919)

n a
J°æpØ˛ B®√t†ç: ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ îªJ-vûª™ 1882 ¢Ë’ 18† ™«®˝f J°æpØ˛ ñ«K-îË-Æœ† B®√tØ√EéÀ î√™« v§ƒüµ∆†uç
ÖçC. Å°æpöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ v°æ¶µº’ûªy Nüµ∆†ç ÇJnéπ NÍéç-vD-éπ-®Ωùèπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ ÖçúËC (Åçõ‰ Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ´uߪ’ ¶µ«®√Eo

.e e
ûªT_çîªú≈EéÀ Nü¿u, Ç®Óí∫uç ™«çöÀ ≤ƒnEéπ ÊÆ´© E®Ωy-£æ«-ùèπ◊ ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’û√y©†’ à®√pô’ î˨»®Ω’). Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶µº’ûªy °æJ-§ƒ-©Ø√
≤˘©¶µºuç éÓÆæç ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’û√y©†’ à®√pô’ î˨»Í® ûª°æp ¢√öÀE Eï-¢Á’i† ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn©’í¬ ¶µ«Nç-îª-™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË

w w e t
J°æpØ˛ B®√t-†ç™ Íé´©ç v°æ¶µº’ûªy °æJ-§ƒ-©-††’ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’°æ®Ω-îª-ú≈-EÍé é¬èπ◊çú≈ ®√ï-éÃߪ’, ™˜éÀéπ Nñ«c-Ø√Eo ØË®Ωp-ú≈-EéÀ ≤ƒnEéπ
v°æ¶µº’û√yEo äéπ °æJ-éπ-®Ωçí¬ í∫’Jhç-î√®Ω’. ÉC v°æ¶µº’ûªy Nüµ∆†ç™ ´*a† íÌ°æp ´÷®Ω’p. Åçü¿’Íé J°æp-Ø˛†’ ¶µ«®Ωûª-üË-¨¡ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ

✪ w
Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©† °œûªí¬ (Father of Local Self Govt. in India) Ê°®Ì\ç-ö«®Ω’.

. n
ví¬O’ù v§ƒçû√™x È®çúø’ ≤ƒnߪ·™x ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn©†’ à®Ωp-®Ω-îªúøç J°æpØ˛ îËÆœ† íÌ°æp †´-éπ-©p† (Innovation). Éçí∫xçú˛™

h a
ví¬O’ù >™«x éıEq∞¡Ÿx (Rural District Councils) à®√pô’ îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ ÇÍ®∞¡x ´·çüË ¶µ«®Ωûªü˨¡ç™ ÉC ïJ-TçC. Åçü¿’Íé
J°æpØ˛ B®√tØ√Eo ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©†èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç* '´÷í¬o 鬮√d— (Magna carta) í¬ ¶µ«N-≤ƒh®Ω’. J°æpØ˛èπ◊

i b
¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©† v°æí∫A O’ü¿ Åîªç- N¨»yÆæç ÖçúËC. J°æpØ˛ B®√t†ç °∂æL-ûªçí¬ 1882 - 84 ´’üµ¿u
鬩ç™ NNüµ¿ ®√≥ƒZ™x áØÓo îªö«d-©†’ Ç¢Á÷-Cç-î√®Ω’. ´’vü∆-Ææ’™ 1884™ >™«x ´·Eq-§ƒLöé îªö«dEo, ¶„çí¬-™¸™
1885™ ¶„çí¬™¸ ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’-û√y© îªö«d-©†’ Ç¢Á÷-Cç-î √®Ω’.

a t
✪
r
J°æpØ˛ ûª®√yûª ™«®˝f éπ®ΩØb ˛ v°æ¶µº’ûªy í∫´-®Ωo®˝ ï†-®Ω-™¸í¬ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª©’ îË°æ-ö«dúø’. ÉûªúÕ é¬©ç™ ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’û√y© v°æí∫A

p
èπ◊çô’-°æ-úÕçC. Éûªúø’ v°æ¢Ë¨¡Â°-öÀd† ÍéçvDéπ%ûª °æJ-§ƒ-©Ø√ Nüµ∆†ç É•sç-ü¿’-©èπ◊ ü∆J-B-ÆœçC. 1907™ Å°æp-öÀéÀ Ö†o

d u
üµÓ®ΩùÀ°j °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç Ææ÷*ç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ ®√ߪ’™¸ NÍéç-vD-éπ-®Ωù Ææç°∂æ÷Eo Eߪ’-N’ç-î√úø’. Ñ Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ Ææ®˝ î√È®xÆˇ £æ…¶¸-
£æ«˜Æˇ. -É-C 1909™ ûª† E¢Ë-C-éπ†’ Ææ´’-Jpç-*çC. Ñ éπN’-≠æØ˛ Ææ÷îª-†© ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ N’çö ´÷Í®x ÆæçÆæ \-®Ωù© îªôdç™
a
(1909) ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn© v°æA-Eüµ¿’©†’ v°æûªuéπ~çí¬ á†’oèπ◊ØË °æü¿l¥-AE v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-ö«d®Ω’.

n
✪

.e e
1917™ Å°æpöÀ ÉçúÕߪ÷ ÂÆvéπ-ôK Ç°∂ˇ ÊÆdö¸ ™«®˝f ´÷çõ‰çí˚ vGöÀ≠ˇ 鬴’Ø˛q Æ涵º™  äéπ ´·êu v°æéπ-ô† î˨»úø’. v°æ¶µº’ûªy
°æJ-§ƒ-©†™ v°æA ®Ωçí∫ç™ ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·©’ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´í¬ §ƒ™Ô_ØË™« îËߪ’úøç, ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ç vGöÀ≠ˇ ≤ƒv´÷ïuç™ Ææ´’ví∫

ww
¶µ«í∫çí¬ØË Öçô÷, ¶µ«®Ω-ûªü˨¡ç™ ¶«üµ¿uû√ߪ·ûª v°æ¶µº’û√yEo ØÁ©éÌ-©p-ú≈-EéÀ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn©†’ véπ´’-véπ-´’çí¬
NÆæhJç°æñ‰-ߪ’úøç vGöÀ≠ˇ v°æ¶µº’ûªy Nüµ∆-†-´’E Ê°®Ì\Ø√oúø’. Å°æpöÀ í∫´-®Ωo®˝ ï†-®Ω™¸ ™«®˝f îµÁ¢˛’q°∂æ®˝f èπÿú≈ ≤ƒnEéπ

✪
w Ææy°æJ§ƒ©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn©’ Péπ~ù« ÆæçÆæn© ™«çöÀ´E; ®√ï-éÃߪ’ v°æí∫A, ¶«üµ¿uû√ߪ·ûª v°æ¶µ«´ç Åéπ\úÕ †’çîË
v§ƒ®Ω綵º´’´¤û√ߪ’E Ê°®Ì\-Ø√oúø’. DE éÓÆæç ¶µ«®Ωûª v°æ¶µº’ûªyç 1918™ äéπ B®√t-Ø√Eo ñ«K îËÆœçC.
1919 ´’¯çö¸°∂æ®˝f ÆæçÆæ \-®Ωù© ´©x ®√≥ƒZ™ x ü¿yçü¿y v°æ¶µº’-û√y©’ à®Ωp-ú≈f®·. ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ Å稻Eo ®√≠æZ ñ«Gû√™éÀ
îË®√a®Ω’. ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©† áEo-Èéj† ´’çvûª’© ÇDµ†ç™éÀ ´*açC. Dç-ûÓ ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn© °æJ-Cµ™ 鬮Ωu-véπ´÷©†’
®Ω÷§ÒçCç--éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ®√≥ƒZ-©èπ◊ O©’ éπL-TçC.

www.eenadupratibha.net
 www.eenadupratibha.net
´‚úÓ ü¿¨¡ (1920 – 1937)
´’¯çö¸-°∂æ®˝f ÆæçÆæ \-®Ω-ù©’ (1919) v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-öÀd† ûª®√yûª '¶«üµ¿uû√ߪ·ûª v°æ¶µº’ûªyç— í∫´÷uEo îË®Ωú≈-EéÀ Éçé¬ á™«çöÀ Ωu©’
BÆæ’éÓ¢√™ Æœ§∂ƒ-®ΩÆæ’ îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ 1927™ ÂÆj´’Ø˛ éπN’-≠æ-Ø˛†’ Eߪ’-N’ç-î√úø’. ÉC 1920 †’ç* ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©†™ ≤ƒCµç*†
t
v°æí∫-AE °æJ-Q-Lç* ™§ƒ-©†’ ¢Á©x-úÕç-*çC.1935 ¶µ«®Ωûª v°æ¶µº’ûªy îªö«dEo ņ’-Ææ-Jç* ®√≥ƒZ™x ü¿yçü¿y v°æ¶µº’-û√y-EéÀ ÆæyÆœh îÁ°œp,
e
n
°æ‹Jh ¶«üµ¿u-û√-ߪ·ûª v°æ¶µº’-û√y©†’ à®√pô’ î˨»®Ω’. ≤ƒnEéπ v°æ¶µº’ûªy §ƒ©† °æ‹Jhí¬ ´’çvûª’© îËA-™éÀ ´*açC.

.
a
Ø√©’íÓ ü¿¨¡ (1938 – 1947)

b h
Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ≤ƒnEéπ Ææy°æ-J-§ƒ-©Ø√ ÆæçÆæn© v°æí∫A î√™«-´-®Ωèπ◊ èπ◊çô’-°æ-úÕçC. È®çúÓ v°æ°æçîª ßª·ü¿l¥ç ´©x éÌûªh ÆæçÆæ \-®Ωù©èπ◊
Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ §Ú®·çC. §ƒûª ÆæçÆæ \-®Ω-ù©’ èπÿú≈ Å´’©’èπ◊ ØÓ-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. ü˨¡ç™ à®Ωp-úÕ† ®√ñ«uçí∫ v°æA-≠dçæ -¶µº†, v°æï©’
i
at
≤ƒyûªçvûªu Öü¿u´’ç™ E´’-í∫o¢Á’i ÖçúøôçûÓ ≤ƒnEéπ ÆæçÆæn© í∫’Jç* á´®Ω÷ °æöÀdç--éÓ-™‰ü¿’.
®Ω-·-ûª: -Ê≠é˙ °‘®˝ ≤ƒÂ£«--¶¸

p r
d u
n a
.e e
w w e t
w . n
h a
i b
a t
p r
d u
n a
.e e
w ww

www.eenadupratibha.net