Electronic Fundamental Question

Questions for Final Exam - Electronics Fundamentals
1. Valence electron are

a. in the most distance orbit from the nucleus
b. in the closest orbit to the nucleus
c. in the various orbits around the nucleus
Answer : a
2. Atoms within a semiconductor crystal are held together by

a. subatomic particles
b . covalent bonds
c. valence band
Answer : b
3. A hole is
a. a vacancy in the valence band left by an electron
b. vacancy in the conduction band
c. a positive electron
Answer : a
4. Doping is used to increase the conductivity of an intrinsic

semiconductor. When pentavalent atoms are used in doping,
the resulting material is called ______________ material and
has an excess of ______________ .
a. n-type, holes
b. n-type, electrons
c. p-type, electrons
Answer : b
5. Semi conductors have negative temperature coefficient. This

means that
a. The resistance decreases with an increase in
temperature
b. The resistance increases with an increase in
temperature
c. The resistance remains constant regardless there is
increase or decrease in temperature
Answer : a
6. When pn junction is forward biased, it is
a. The p-type material is connected to the negative terminal
b. The n-type material is connected to the positive terminal
c. The p-type material is connected to the positive
terminal
Answer : c
7. A _____ is a component with two terminals that acts as a

one-way conductor.
a. diode
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor
Answer : a
8. In a diode, the two bias conditions are

a. Positive and negative
b. Open and closed
c. Forward and reverse
Answer: c
9. The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the

a. Depletion layer
b. Knee voltage
c. Breakdown voltage
Answer : c
10. The process of converting ac to pulsating dc is called

a. Clipping
b. Rectification
c. Filtering
Answer : b
11. The number of diodes used in a half-wave rectifier is

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
Answer : a
12. The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier with a 60 Hz
sinusoidal input is
a. 30 Hz
b. 60 Hz
c. 120 Hz
Answer : b
13. A full-wave rectifier can be designed using

a. One diode and center-tapped power transformer
b. Two diode and center –tapped power transformer
c. Four diode and center – tapped power transformer
Answer : b
14. During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage in a bridge

rectifier
a. One diode is forward biased
b. All diodes are forward biased
c. Answer : c Two diodes are forward biased
15. In a series negative limiter circuit, the diode will clip the
portion of the waveform that goes _________.
a. positive
b. negative
c. half positive and half negative
Answer : b
16. In positive clamping, the bottom of the output waveform is

clamped to bias voltage, so the output waveform is______ to
the bias level
a. positive
b. negative
c. remains zero
Answer : a
17. The terms “bias” means
a. The ratio of majority carriers to minority carrier
b. The amount of current across a diode
c. A dc voltage is applied to control the operation of
a device
Answer : c
18. For a silicon diode, the value of the forward bias voltage
typically
a. Must be greater than 0.3 V
b. Must be greater than 0.7 V
c. Depends on the width of depletion layer
Answer : b
19. When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter

a. The positive lead of the ohmmeter is place on the cathode
b. The positive lead of the ohmmeter is place on the
anode
c. It does not matter which the positive lead of the
ohmmeter is placed
Answer : b
20. In an NPN transistor the P is the

a. Collector
b. Base
c. Emitter
Answer: b
21. A voltage doubler has 12 V source. The load voltage is

approximately
a. 24 V
b. 48 V
c, 51 V
Answer : a
22. The bipolar junction transistor is
a. unipolar device
b. Voltage–controlled device
c. Current-controlled device
Answer : C
23. In the active region, while the collector-base junction is

___________biased, the base-emitter is__________biased.
a. reverse, forward
b. forward, reverse
c. forward, forward
Answer : a
24. When operated in active region, the transistor acts like

a. Inductor
b. Amplifier
c. Variable capacitor
Answer : b
25. 3 common transistor amplifiers are common emitter,

common base and common collector. Which type of the 3
has the following characteristics
current gain : 20 to 200
voltage gain : 100 to 600
power gain : high
input impedance : 500 to 2000 ohm
output impedance : 10 Kohm to 50 Kohm
input output phase relationship : 180 deg out of phase
typical use : normal amplifier
a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
Answer : a
26. How many classes of Amplification

a. 3 classes namely Class A, B & C
b. 2 classes A & B
c. 4 classes A, B, C & D
Answer : a
27. There are 3 basic types of multivibrators, namely Astable,
Bistable and monostable multivibrators. Which is of the 3 is
called free running multivibrator
a. Monostable
b. Astable
c. Bistable
Answer : b
28. The tree terminals of a JFET are called

a. Gate , drain, source
b. Anode, cathode and gate
c. Collector, base, emitter
Answer : a
29. How many pn junction a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)

have?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
Answer :A
30. Which of the following transistors is an SCR composed of?

a. pnp, pnp
b. npn, pnp
c. npn, npn
Answer : A
31. A bi-directional TRIAC has two SCRs connected in

a. Series
b. Parallel
c. Inverse parallel
Answer : b
32. How are the pins numbered on an op-amp IC?

a. counter clockwise from the dot
b. Clockwise from the dot
c. From left to right from the dot
Answer : a
33. An integrated circuit (IC) op-amp has
a. Two inputs and two outputs
b. One input and one output
c. Two inputs and one output
Answer : c
34. Which of the following characteristics does not necessarily

apply to an op-amp?
a. High open loop gain
b. High power devices
c. High input impedance and low output impedance
Answer : b
35. The operation of the logic gate can be described by means of

a ________.
a. Logic Table
b. Truth Table
c. Algebra table
Answer: b
36. The output of an AND gate with three inputs, A, B, and C, is

HIGH when ________
a. A=1, B=1,C=0
b. A=1, B=0,C=0
c. A=1, B=1,C=1
Answer : c
37. The Boolean expression for a 2-input OR gate is ________.

a. A + B = S
b. A.B = S
c. A OR B = S
Answer : a
38. Derive the Boolean expression for the logic circuit shown
below:
A
B
C
D X
a. X=(A+B).C+D
b. X=(A.B+C).D
c. X=A.B+C+D
Answer : b
39. Name the basic material used in making PCBs

a. Matrix board
b. Epoxy resin board
c. Copper clade laminate
Answer : b
40. A multi layer PCB has

a. one layer on either side
b. two or more layers on one or both sides
c. two or more layers connected in series
Answers : b
41. When a servomotor overshoots after a step input and

oscillates it is
a. over damped
b. under damped
c. critically damped
Answer : b
42. The rotor of a desynn indicator is

a. An electromagnet
b. A permanent magnet
c. An AC magnet
Answer : b
43. The two types of input to a servo are step Input and Ramp
input. Step input is created when the input shaft is_______
rotated from one angular position to another. Whilst the
Ramp input is created when the input shaft is rotated
at________angular velocity.
a. Suddenly, constant
b. Gradually, constant
c. Constantly, increasing
Answer : a
44. A differential synchro has

a. 3 phase stator, 3 phase rotor
b. single phase stator, 2 phase rotor
c. 3 phase stator, single phase rotor
Answer : a
45. The E & I Bar Transducer uses _____________principles to

convey the position of I bar that is connected to the capsule
of the servo altimeter
a. Capacitive
b. Inductive
c. Resistive
Answer : b
46. The transducer used in aircraft tank that makes use of the
following principles : distance, area and dielectric constant
of the plates is called
a. inductive transducer
b. Capacitive transducer
c. Thermo couple transducer
Answer : b
47. A reduction from the optimum setting of the velocity

feedback in a servo loop could cause
a. low sevo gain
b. Instability
c. slow response
Answer : b
48. In a torque synchro system, the power supply is connected
to
a. the rotor windings of the transmitter only
b. The rotor windings of both the transmitter and
receiver
c. the stator windings of the transmitter
Answer : b
49. The phase difference between the supplies of a two phase

induction motor is
a. 0 degrees
b. 180 degrees
c. 90 degrees
Answer : c
50. To reduce overshoot errors in a synchro

a. the system will have position feedback
b. The system will have velocity feedback
c. the gain of the amplifier is increased
Answer : b

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Questions for Final Exam - Electronics Fundamentals

1. Valence electron are

2. Atoms within a semiconductor crystal are held together by

4. Doping is used to increase the conductivity of an intrinsic

5. Semi conductors have negative temperature coefficient. This

7. A _____ is a component with two terminals that acts as a

8. In a diode, the two bias conditions are

9. The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the

10. The process of converting ac to pulsating dc is called

11. The number of diodes used in a half-wave rectifier is

13. A full-wave rectifier can be designed using

14. During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage in a bridge

c. Answer : c Two diodes are forward biased

16. In positive clamping, the bottom of the output waveform is

19. When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter

20. In an NPN transistor the P is the

21. A voltage doubler has 12 V source. The load voltage is

23. In the active region, while the collector-base junction is

24. When operated in active region, the transistor acts like

25. 3 common transistor amplifiers are common emitter,

26. How many classes of Amplification

28. The tree terminals of a JFET are called

29. How many pn junction a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)

30. Which of the following transistors is an SCR composed of?

31. A bi-directional TRIAC has two SCRs connected in

32. How are the pins numbered on an op-amp IC?

34. Which of the following characteristics does not necessarily

35. The operation of the logic gate can be described by means of

36. The output of an AND gate with three inputs, A, B, and C, is

37. The Boolean expression for a 2-input OR gate is ________.

39. Name the basic material used in making PCBs

40. A multi layer PCB has

41. When a servomotor overshoots after a step input and

42. The rotor of a desynn indicator is

44. A differential synchro has

45. The E & I Bar Transducer uses _____________principles to

47. A reduction from the optimum setting of the velocity

49. The phase difference between the supplies of a two phase

50. To reduce overshoot errors in a synchro

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