G.C.R.G.

GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
BAKSHI KA TALAB, LUCKNOW
SESSION- 2018-19

TOPIC

DESIGN OF INTZE TANK

SYNOPSIS

Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

B.Tech, CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted To- Submitted By

Mr. Rajneesh Kumar Singh Mohd. Masoom Khan (1547300034)

(Assistant Professor) Md. Shahrukh Khan (1547300030)
Project Guide Riyaj Ansari (1547300047)
Ashish Kumar Pal (1547300009)
 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

1.1GENERAL

A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirement. In the
construction of concrete structure for the storage of water and other liquids the
imperviousness of concrete is most essential .The permeability of any uniform and
thoroughly compacted concrete of given mix proportions is mainly dependent on
water cement ratio .The increase in water cement ratio results in increase in the
permeability .The decrease in water cement ratio will therefore be desirable to
decrease the permeability, but very much reduced water cement ratio may cause
compaction difficulties and prove to be harmful also. Design of liquid retaining
structure has to be based on the avoidance of cracking in the concrete having
regard to its tensile strength. Cracks can be prevented by avoiding the use of thick
timber shuttering which prevent the easy escape of heat of hydration from the
concrete mass .the risk of cracking can also be minimized by reducing the
restraints on free expansion or contraction of the structure. "Constturction of
Water Tank 120 K.L. capacity At DildarNagar Ghazipur U.P."

1.2 OBJECTIVE

1. To make a study about the analysis and design of water tanks.

2. To make a study about the guidelines for the design of liquid retaining structure
according to IS Code.

3. To know about the design philosophy for the safe and economical design of
water tank.
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4. To develop programs for the design of water tank of flexible base and rigid base
and the underground tank to avoid the tedious calculations.

5. In the end, the programs are validated with the results of manual calculation
given in Concrete Structure.

1.3 SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

The various sources of water can be classified into two categories:

Surface sources, such as

1. Ponds and lakes.

2. Streams and rivers.

3. Storage reservoirs.

4. Oceans, generally not used for water supplies, at present.

Sub-surface sources or underground sources, such as

1. Springs.

2. Infiltration wells.

3. Wells and Tube-wells.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

In this chapter conclusion and recommendtion on various topic the Total

cost of the project is R. 3837560.00 Rates of various types of items as per latest
P.W.D. rate.

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 METHODOLOGY

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a

field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and

principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses

concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or

qualitative techniques.

A methodology does not set out to provide solutions—it is therefore, not the same

as a method. Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for

understanding which method, set of methods, or best practices can be applied to a

specific case, for example, to calculate a specific result.

It has been defined also as follows:

1. "the analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by

a discipline";

2. "the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied

within a discipline";

3. "the study or description of methods"

The methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which

research is to be undertaken and, among other things, identifies the methods to be

used in it. These methods, described in the methodology, define the means or

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modes of data collection or, sometimes, how a specific result is to be calculated.

Methodology does not define specific methods, even though much attention is

given to the nature and kinds of processes to be followed in a particular procedure

or to attain an objective.

When proper to a study of methodology, such processes constitute a constructive

generic framework, and may therefore be broken down into sub-processes,

combined, or their sequence changed.

A paradigm is similar to a methodology in that it is also a constructive framework.

In theoretical work, the development of paradigms satisfies most or all of the

criteria for methodology. An algorithm, like a paradigm, is also a type of

constructive framework, meaning that the construction is a logical, rather than a

physical, array of connected elements.

Any description of a means of calculation of a specific result is always a

description of a method and never a description of a methodology. It is thus

important to avoid using methodology as a synonym for method or body of

methods. Doing this shifts it away from its true epistemological meaning and

reduces it to being the procedure itself, or the set of tools, or the instruments that

should have been its outcome. A methodology is the design process for carrying

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out research or the development of a procedure and is not in itself an instrument, or

method, or procedure for doing things.

Methodology and method are not interchangeable. In recent years, however, there

has been a tendency to use methodology as a "pretentious substitute for the word

method". Using methodology as a synonym for method or set of methods leads to

confusion and misinterpretation and undermines the proper analysis that should go

into designing research.

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 HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that

one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous

observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific

theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used

synonymously, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory. A

working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further

research, in a process beginning with an educated guess or thought.

A different meaning of the term hypothesis is used in formal logic, to denote the

antecedent of a proposition; thus in the proposition "If P, then Q", P denotes the

hypothesis (or antecedent); Q can be called a consequent. P is the assumption in a

(possibly counterfactual) What If question.

The adjective hypothetical, meaning "having the nature of a hypothesis", or "being

assumed to exist as an immediate consequence of a hypothesis", can refer to any of

these meanings of the term "hypothesis"

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 DATA ANALYSIS

WATER QUANTITY ESTIMATION

The quantity of water required for municipal uses for which the water supply
scheme has to be designed requires following data:

Water consumption rate (Per Capita Demand in litres) per day per head Population
to be served.

Quantity= Per capita demand x Population

2.1 WATER CONSUMPTION RATE

It is very difficult to precisely assess the quantity of water demanded by the public,
since there are many variable factors affecting water consumption. The various
types of water demands, which a city may have, may be broken into following
class.

Water Consumption for Various Purposes:

Types of Consumption Normal Range Average %

(lit/capita/day)
1. Domestic Consumption 65-300 160 35
2. Industrial and 45-450 135 30
Commercial Demand
3. Public including Fire 20-90 45 10
Demand Uses
4. Losses and Waste 45-150 62 25

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2.2 FACTORS AFFECTING PER CAPITA DEMAND:

• Size of the city: Per capita demand for big cities is generally large as compared to
that for smaller towns as big cities have sewered houses.

• Presence of industries.

• Climatic conditions.

• Habits of economic status.

• Quality of water.

• Medically safe, the consumption will increase as people will not resort to private
wells, etc.

• Pressure in the distribution system.

• Efficiency of water works administration: Leaks in water mains and services; and
unauthorized use of water can be kept to a minimum by surveys.

• Cost of water.

• Policy of metering and charging method: Water tax is charged in two different
ways: on the basis of meter reading and on the basis of certain fixed monthly rate.

2.3 FUCTUATIONS IN RATE OF DEMAND:

Average Daily per Capita Demand=Quantity Required in 12 Months/ (365 x
Population)
If this average demand is supplied at all the times, it will not be sufficient to meet
the fluctuations.

• Seasonal variation: The demand peaks during summer. Firebreak outs are
generally more in summer, increasing demand. So, there is seasonal variation.
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• Daily variation depends on the activity. People draw out more water on
Sundays and Festival days, thus increasing demand on these days.

• Hourly variations are very important as they have a wide range. During active
household working hours i.e. from six to ten in the morning and four to eight in the
evening, the bulk of the daily requirement is taken. During other hours the
requirement is negligible. Moreover, if a fire breaks out, a huge quantity of water is
required to be supplied during short duration, necessitating the need for a
maximum rate of hourly supply.

So, an adequate quantity of water must be available to meet the peak demand. To
meet all the fluctuations, the supply pipes, service reservoirs and distribution pipes
must be properly proportioned. The water is supplied by pumping directly and the
pumps and distribution system must be designed to meet the peak demand. The
effect of monthly variation influences the design of storage reservoirs and the
hourly variations influences the design of pumps and service reservoirs. As the
population decreases, the fluctuation rate increases.

Maximum daily demand = 1.8 x average daily demand

Maximum hourly demand of maximum day i.e. Peak demand

= 1.5 x average hourly demand

= 1.5 x Maximum daily demand/24

= 1.5 x (1.8 x average daily demand)/24

= 2.7 x average daily demand/24

= 2.7 x annual average hourly demand

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7.13 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Six columns of 600 mm diameter to be symmetrically place at 60° c/c.
Length of column = 12 + 1 = 13 m. Consider column to have a batter of 1 in 20,
α= 2.862° and cos α= 0.999; sin α= 0.050

Total load:
Load from Top = 3843667.62 N
Self wt. of 6 columns = 529300.00 N
Wt. of Bracing = 60000.00N
Total = 4432967.62 N
Load on each column due to W = 738828 N
Thrust on each column = 739567.50 N
Diameter at base = 5.10+(12/10) =6.30m
Wind Loading Considering Vb - 50 m/sec.
Vz =Vbk1k2k3 = 0.90Vbk2k3 taking k1 as0.90 for 25 yrs. life.
Taking k2 and k3 both as unity.
pz = 0.60 v2 = 0.60 (45)2 =1215 N/m2
P1 = [7.5+0.450)(5.0(7.69)(2/3)(1.60)+(7.69+5.10)(1.60)/2] (1215)(0.70)
= 49915N
taking shape factor as 0.70
This acts at a height = 12 +1/2(1.60 + 5 +1.6)
P2 = Due to column, Bracing and circular Girder
= [(5.50) (0.600) + Vi (0.60) (4.0) (6.0)] (1215) (0.70)
+(5.50) (0.300) (1215) (0.70)
= 10333.58N at l2m above G.L.

P3 = On column and Bracing

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= [6 (0.600) (4) + (5.80) (0.300)] (1215) (0.70)
= 13727 Nat 4 m. above G.L

P4 = [6(0.600) (4) + (6.20) (0.300)](1215) (0.70)

= 13829 N at 4 m above G.L.
=16.10maboveG.L.

Consider column fixed at base

Considering P.I. at mid height of column

Levels Shear (N) M(N m)

1-1 49915+103 34= 6024949 915 (4.10+2)+10334(2)

=325 149.50

2-2 602 49+13727 = 73976 49915 (6.10+4)10334(6)+1 3727(2)

=667 575.50

3-3 73976+13829 =8780549915(14.10)+13727(6)+10334(10)+13829(2)

= 91 7161.50

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 Referring to Fig. For XX axis
∑y2 = 4(D*√3)2/8 = 3/4d2
For YY axis ∑x2 = 2(D/ 2)2 + 4(D/4)2 =3/4D2
For bending about XXaxis,due to win d loading Referring to line 3-3.
V1 = V4 =0
And V2 =V3 = V5 = V6 = ±917161. 50/(3/4(6.10)2 (√3/4(6.10)
= ± 86 807.12M
For bending about YYaxis,
V1 =V4 = 91716 1.50*6.10
¾(6.10)2
V2=V4 = V5=V6=± 50118.1 N
Maximum Thrust in column = 739567.50 + 100236. 23 /0.999
=83994 N At point 3-3,

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On each column H= 878.5/6 =14634.17 N Vertical load
at (3) due to W.L. = 100236.23 N.
B.M on column = 14634.17(2)-100236.23N
= 19244.72 Nm
(Refer Fig.) design of column can be done by limit state method M - 20

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Concrete Fe 415 steel. Self wt. of a column = 81530 N

Axial force = 83 9904 N + 81530N

Myy= 19244.72 Nm. This case 1

Axial force = 83 9904 N +8 1530N

Mxx= 2058.64N m. this is case 2

Safety factor to be used is 1 .20

Case-I:Pu =1105720.80 N

MUy=23093.664 Nm.

CaseII : P u = 1089589.38N

Muxx =24705.17 N

With 600φcolumn

Pu/(fck d 2) = 0.154 for Case -1 and 0.151 for Case – II

Mu/(fck D3) =0.0053 for Case -1and 0.0057 for Case – II

d/D = (40+8)/ 0.08

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Use d/D = 0.10

Min Steel = 0.80 % i.e., p/fck =0.04

Muxx ~ Muyy = 0.06(20) (600)3 Hence column is adequate.

Use 8 Nos. 20 mm § bars as longitudinal bars; Ties 10 mm @ 300 c/c.

7.14 DESIGN OF BRACING:

∑M at Joint above (3) = 20587.64 + 9167(2) = 389.21.64 Nm

Moment in bracing = 38931.64 √2

Providing 300 mm x 300 mm section and design as a doubly reinforced beam

with equal steel at >p and bottom.

Ast = Asc = [(38921.64(1.2 (1000)]/(0.87(415)(260)

=497.54 mm2

Use 4 Nos. 16 mm both at top and bottom

Use 2 legged 12 mm stirrups @ 200 c/c

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6.3 WATER TANK WITH SPHERICAL BOTTOM

Referring to the tank in fig.(a),supported along the circumferences as shown the

magnitude of Na may be obtained from consideration of equilibrium. If it is
required to obtain Na at section 1-1 from calculation of total downward load, there
are two possibilities. The downward load may be taken to be the weight of water
and tank of the annular part i.e W1 shown in fig. (b)

Fig.Water tank worth spherical bottom

Alternatively, the downward load may be calculated from the weight of water and
tank bottom of the part i.e. W2 less upward reaction of the support as shown in fig.

For section which cuts the tank bottom inside the support, the reaction has to be
considered with the weight of water and tank of the annular part.

Similar in the case of intze reservoir as in fig(a) which combines a truncated dome
with a spherical segment. Patterns of the two forces Nφ1 and Nφ2 at point A are
shown in fig(b).To eliminate horizontal forces on the supporting ring girder,it is
necessary that Nφ1cosα1 = Nφ2cosα2.

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6.5 OVERHEAD WATER TANKS AND TOWERS

Overhead water tanks of various shapes can be used as service reservoirs,

as a balancing tank in water supply schemes and for replenishing the tanks for
various purposes. Reinforced concrete water towers have distinct advantages as
they are not affected by climatic changes, are leak proof, provide greater rigidity
and are adoptable for all shapes.

Component of water tower consists of-

(a) Tank portion with-

(1) Roof and Roof beam (2) sidewalls

(3) Floor and bottom slab (4) floor beams, including circular girder

(b) Staging portion consisting of-

(5) Columns (6) Bracings and

(7)Foundations

Types of water Tanks may be –

(a) Square-open or with cover at top

(b) Rectangular-open or with cover at top

(c) Circular-open or with cover at which may be flat or domed.

Among these the circular types are proposed for large capacities. Such circular
tanks may have flat floors or domical floors and these are supported on circular
girder.

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The most common type of circular tank is the one which is called an Intze Tank. In
such cases, a domed cover is provided at top with a cylindrical and conical wall at
bottom. A ring beam will be required to support the domed roof. A ring beam is
also provided at the junction of the cylindrical and conical walls. The conical wall
and the tank floor are supported on a ring girder which is supported on a number of
columns.

Usually a domed floor is shown in fig a result of which the ring girder supported
on the columns will be relieved from the horizontal thrusts as the horizontal thrusts
of the conical wall and the domed floor act in opposite direction.

Sometimes, a vertical hollow shaft may be provided which may be supported on

the domed floor.

The design of the tank will involve the following

. (1) The dome at top usually 100 mm to 150 mm thick with reinforcement along
the meridians and latitudes. The rise is usually l/5th of the span.

(2) Ring beam supporting the dome. The ring beam is necessary to resist the
horizontal component of the thrust of the dome. The ring beam will be designed for
the hoop tension induced.

(3) Cylindrical walls: This has to be designed for hoop tension caused due to
horizontal water pressure.

(4) Ring beam at the junction of the cylindrical walls and the conical wall. This
ring beam is provided to resist the horizontal component of the reaction of the
conical wall on the cylindrical wall. The ring beam will be designed for the
induced hoop tension.

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(5) Conical slab, this will be designed for hoop tension due to water pressure. The
slab will also be designed as a slab spanning between the ring beam at top and the
ring girder at bottom.

(6) Floor of the tank. The floor may be circular or domed. This slab is supported on
the ring girder.

(7) The ring girder: This will be designed to support the tank and its contents. The
girder will be supported on columns and should be designed for resulting bending
moment and Torsion.

(8) Columns: These are to be designed for the total load transferred to them. The
columns will be braced at intervals and have to be designed for wind pressure or
seismic loads whichever govern.

(9) Foundations: A combined footing is usual provided for all supporting columns.
When this is done it is usual to make the foundation consisting of a ring girder and
a circular slab.

Suitable proportions for the Intze. for case(1) suggested by Reynolds. Total
volume ~0.585D3

For case (2), the proportion was suggested by Grey and Total Volume is given by

V1 = π(D)2/4 * (H) = 0.3927 D3 for H =D/2

V2 = π.h/12(D2+d2+d) =0.10263 D3

With h = D/5 and d =3/5D

V3 =( π h1)/6 ((3r)2+(h1)2) = 0.0179 D3

With h1 = 3/25D and r =3/10D

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Volume V =o.4693 D3

With h1 = D/6 and r =3/10D

Volume V= 0.493 D3

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 CONCLUSION

Storage of water in the form of tanks for drinking and washing purposes,

swimming pools for exercise and enjoyment, and sewage sedimentation tanks are

gaining increasing importance in the present day life. For small capacities we go

for rectangular water tanks while for bigger capacities we provide circular water

tanks. Design of water tank is a very tedious method. Particularly design of under

ground water tank involves lots of mathematical formulae and calculation. It is also

time consuming. Hence program gives a solution to the above problems. There is a

little difference between the design values of program to that of manual

calculation. The program gives the least value for the design. Hence designer

should not provide less than the values we get from the program. In case of

theoretical calculation designer initially add some extra values to the obtained

values to be in safer side.

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 REFERENCES

Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a

means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this

relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second

object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the

referent of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other

symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person,

an event, an activity, or an abstract concept.

References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that

is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state,

relationship with other, spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a

physical object or an energy projection. In some cases, methods are used that

intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term

adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of

them are described in the sections below.

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