NAME: ALVEAR SAMANTHA

YEAR BASIC: THIRD C

TOPIC: LION FISH DEFINITION
GROUP: 1

LionFish is a genus of venomous marine fish, commonly known as lionfish,

they are native to the Indo-Pacific Coast. Also
called zebrafish, firefish, turkeyfish, tastyfish or butterfly-cod, it is
characterized by conspicuous warning coloration with red, white, creamy,
or black bands, showy pectoral fins, and venomous spiky fin rays. Pterois
radiata, Pterois volitans, and Pterois miles are the most commonly studied
species in the genus. Pterois species are popular aquarium fish. P.
volitans and P. miles are a recent and significant invasive species in the
west Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
NAME: ZEA ALEX
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: LION FISH DESCRIPTION
GROUP: 1

Lionfish in the Atlantic range from 5 to 45 cm (2.0 to 17.7 in) in length,

weighing from 0.025 to 1.3 kg (0.055 to 2.866 lb). They are well known for
their ornate beauty, venomous spines, and unique tentacles. Juvenile
lionfish have a unique tentacle located above their eye sockets that varies
in phenotypebetween species. The evolution of this tentacle is suggested
to serve to continually attract new prey; studies also suggest it plays a role
in sexual selection
NAME: RODRIGUEZ MIKE
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: LION FISH HABITAT
GROUP: 1

The lionfish is a predator native to the Indo-Pacific. It aggressively preys on

small fish and invertebrates. They can be found around the seaward edge
of reefs and coral, in lagoons, and on rocky surfaces commonly to 50 m
deep, although lionfish have on multiple occasions been recorded to 300 m
depth.They show a preference for turbid inshore areas and harbors and
have a generally hostile attitude and are territorial towards other reef
fish. Many universities in the Indo-Pacific have documented reports
of Pterois aggression towards divers and researchers. P. volitans and P.
miles are native to subtropical and tropical regions from
southern Japan and southern Korea to the east coast
of Australia, Indonesia, Micronesia, French Polynesia, and the South Pacific
Ocean. P. miles is also found in the Indian Ocean, from Sumatra to Sri
Lanka and the Red Sea.
NAME: LUCENA VALERIA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: LION FISH BEHAVIOR
GROUP: 1

Lionfish are thought to be nocturnal hunters, but they have been found
with full stomachs during the day in the Atlantic. They move about by slowly
undulating the soft rays of the dorsal and anal fins. During the day, they
sometimes retreat to ledges and crevices among the rocks and corals.
Although in the Atlantic, lionfish are often seen moving about during the
day, both alone and in small groups.
NAME: BUNCES ROBERTO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: LION FISH REPRODUCTION
GROUP: 1

They are mainly a solitary species and courting is the only time they
aggregate, generally one male with several females. Both P. volitansand P.
miles are gonochoristic, only showing sexual dimorphism during
reproduction. Similar courtship behaviors are observed in
all Pteroisspecies, including circling, sidewinding, following, and leading.
The lionfish are mostly nocturnal, leading to the behaviors typically around
nightfall and continuing through the night. After courtship, the female
releases two egg masses, fertilized by the male before floating to the
surface. The embryos secrete an adhesive mucous allowing them to attach
to nearby intertidal rocks and corals before hatching. During one mating
session, females can lay up to 30,000 eggs. However, it has been observed
that females will lay more eggs in the warmer months.
NAME: ALVARO NICOLAS
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SURGEONFISH DEFINITION
GROUP: 2

Surgeonfishes sometimes feed as solitary individuals, but they also often

travel and feed in schools. Feeding in schools may be a mechanism for
overwhelming the highly aggressive defense responses of small
territorial damselfishes that vigorously guard small patches of algae on
coral reefs.
Most species are relatively small and have a maximum length of 15–40 cm
(6–15.5 in), but some members of the genus Acanthurus, some members of
the genus Prionurus, and most members of the genus Naso can grow larger,
with the whitemargin unicornfish (N. annulatus), the largest species in the
family, reaching a length of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in). These fishes can grow
quickly in aquaria, so average growth size and suitability should be checked
before adding them to a marine aquarium.
NAME: PAEZ ALEXA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SURGEONFISH CHARACTERISTICS
GROUP: 2

They get their name from highly modified scales that have evolved into weapon-like
spines at the base of the tail. These spines are either fixed or mobile (like a flick knife)
and there can be up to 6 per side, depending on the species. They are mainly used when
the fish feels threatened over territorial disputes, but fishermen have often been
slashed when removing them carelessly from nets.
One species, the mimic surgeonfish, has a unique strategy, where the juvenile assumes
the colours of angelfish (colours that are good for camouflage). When the fish becomes
larger than the angelfish, and it no longer needs the protection, it changes colour so that
other mimic surgeonfish know that it is a reproductive adult.
Within the family is a group called the Unicorn fish. These intriguing creatures are so
named because of the enlarged proboscis or “horn” that emerge from their foreheads.
It’s believed by many marine biologists that the horn is used like a rudder, so that these
unicorn fish can maintain their position in the water currents when they are feeding on
plankton.
NAME: VALDIVIEZO PABLO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SURGEONFISH COLOR
GROUP: 2

Measurements of reflection from the sky-blue portion of skin from the

common surgeonfish, which means Paracanthurus hepatus, showed a
relatively steep peak at around 490 nm. We consider that a multilayer thin-
film interference phenomenon of the non-ideal type, which occurs in stacks
of very thin light-reflecting platelets in iridophores of that region, is
primarily responsible for the revelation of that hue. The structural
organization of the iridophore closely resembles that of bluish damselfish
species, although one difference is the presence of iridophores in a
monolayer in the damselfish compared to the double layer of iridophores
in the uppermost part of the dermis of surgeonfish. If compared with the
vivid cobalt blue tone of the damselfish, the purity of the blue hue of the
surgeonfish is rather low. This may be ascribable mainly to the double layer
of iridophores in the latter since incident lightrays are complicatedly
reflected and scattered in the strata.
NAME: ROSERO ELIAS
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SURGEONFISH DIET
GROUP: 2

These fish typically feed on algae, using their small, sharp teeth to keep
their coral protectors clean.

These fish are very important to the lifecycle of the coral reef. They eat
excess algae in the reef, which prevents the coral from suffocating. Coral
reefs provide homes and food for around one quarter of all ocean species,
even though they cover less than 1 percent of the Earth, according to
the Smithsonian.
NAME: CORTAZAR ROMINA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SURGEONFISH REPRODUCTION
GROUP: 2

When it is time to reproduce, regal blue tangs congregate in breeding

groups. Females expel their eggs into the water above the coral, and the
males expel sperm, and fertilization occurs externally. About 40,000 eggs
are expelled per spawning session, according to the ADW. After spawning,
the "parents" swim off, never caring about their offspring.
NAME: YANCE MILKA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SUNFISH DESCRIPTION
GROUP: 3

The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the heaviest

known bony fish in the world. Adults typically weigh between 247 and
1,000 kg (545–2,205 lb). The species is native
to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head
with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally. Sunfish can be as tall as
they are long when their dorsal and ventral fins are extended.
NAME: CONTRERAS BRUNO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SUNFISH DIET
GROUP: 3

Sunfish live on a diet consisting mainly of sea jellies, but because this diet is
nutritionally poor, they consume large amounts to develop and maintain
their great bulk. Females of the species can produce more eggs than any
other known vertebrate,[3] up to 300,000,000 at a
time.[4]Sunfish fry resemble miniature pufferfish, with large pectoral fins,
a tail fin, and body spines uncharacteristic of adult sunfish.
NAME: RUIZ MIA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SUNFISH BEHAVIOR
GROUP: 3

Ocean sunfish are native to the equal temperate and tropical waters of
every ocean in the world, That`s why these kind of fishes appear to vary
widely between the Atlantic and Pacific, but genetic differences between
individuals in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are minimal.
Although early research suggested sunfish moved around mainly by drifting
with ocean currents, individuals have been recorded swimming 26 km
(16 mi) in a day at a cruising speed of 3.2 km/h (2.0 mph). Sunfish
are pelagic and swim at depths to 600 m (2,000 ft). They are also capable of
moving rapidly when feeding or avoiding predators, to the extent they can
vertically leap out of water. Contrary to the perception that sunfish spend
much of their time basking at the surface, M. mola adults actually spend a
large portion of their lives actively hunting at depths greater than 200 m
(660 ft), occupying both the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones.
NAME: RUIZ SANTIAGO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SUNFISH REPRODUCTION
GROUP: 3

Sunfish appear to reproduce in whichever ocean they are currently residing.

Female sunfish can produce up to 300 million eggs. These eggs are released
into the water and externally fertilized by sperm. The eggs become fry and
multiply in size rapidly. The sunfish stay in schools to protect themselves
from predators. Once they are large enough, they isolate themselves.
NAME: LOPEZ ADRIAN
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: SUNFISH STATUS
GROUP: 3

The number of sunfish is unknown but the numbers appear to be

decreasing due to the by-catch of commercial fisherman and to the
increased popularity of sunfish as a food. Boating incidents can be harmful
to the sunfish or damaging to the boat depending on the size of the fish.
One other harm would be plastic bags in the ocean. The sunfish sees these
as jellyfish and tries to eat them. The bag can become stuck in their throats
or their stomachs which can prevent them from eating.
NAME: DIAZ BRITHANIE
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: CATFISH DEFINITION
GROUP: 4

They are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which
resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest
species, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia and
the piraíba of South America, to detritivores (species that eat dead material on the
bottom), and even to a tiny parasiticspecies commonly called the candiru, Vandellia
cirrhosa. There are armour-plated types and there are also naked types, neither having
scales. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbels.
NAME: AREVALO BENJAMIN
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: CATFISH HABITAT
GROUP: 4

Extant catfish species live inland or in coastal waters of every continent

except Antarctica. Catfish have inhabited all continents at one time or
another. Catfish are most diverse in tropical South America, Asia and Africa
with one family native to North America and one family in Europe. More
than half of all catfish species live in the Americas. They are the
only ostariophysans that have entered freshwater habitats in Madagascar,
Australia, and New Guinea.
They are found in freshwater environments, though most inhabit shallow,
running water. Representatives of at least eight families are hypogean (live
underground) with three families that are also troglobitic (inhabiting
caves).[8][9] One such species is Phreatobius cisternarum, known to live
underground in phreatic habitats. Numerous species from the
families Ariidae and Plotosidae, and a few species from among
the Aspredinidae and Bagridae, are found in salt water.
NAME: BARBERAN MATHEO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: CATFISH DEVELOPMENT
GROUP: 4

Most catfish are bottom feeders. In general, they are negatively buoyant,
which means that they will usually sink rather than float due to a
reduced gas bladder and a heavy, bony head. Catfish have a variety of body
shapes, though most have a cylindrical body with a flattened ventrumto
allow for benthic feeding.
A flattened head allows for digging through the substrate as well as perhaps
serving as a hydrofoil. Some have a mouth that can expand to a large size
and contains no incisiformteeth; catfish generally feed through suction or
gulping rather than biting and cutting prey. However, some families,
notably Loricariidae and Astroblepidae, have a suckermouth that allows
them to fasten themselves to objects in fast-moving water. Catfish also
have a maxillareduced to a support for barbels; this means that they are
unable to protrude their mouths as other fish such as carp.
NAME: SOTOMAYOR DANIELLA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: CATFISH CHARACTERISTICS
GROUP: 4

Catfish do not have scales; their bodies are often naked. In some species,
the mucus-covered skin is used in cutaneous respiration, where the fish
breathes through its skin. In some catfish, the skin is covered in bony plates
called scutes; some form of body armor appears in various ways within the
order. In loricarioids and in the Asian genus Sisor, the armor is primarily
made up of one or more rows of free dermal plates. Similar plates are found
in large specimens of Lithodoras. These plates may be supported
by vertebralprocesses, as in scoloplacids and in Sisor, but the processes
never fuse to the plates or form any external armor. By contrast, in the
subfamily Doumeinae (family Amphiliidae) and in hoplomyzontines
(Aspredinidae), the armor is formed solely by expanded vertebral processes
that form plates. Finally, the lateral armor of doradids, Sisor, and
hoplomyzontines consists of hypertrophied lateral lineossicles with dorsal
and ventral lamina.
NAME: PINE DANIELA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: CATFISH IMPORTANCE
GROUP: 4

In Asia, many catfish species are important as food. Several species are
heavily cultured in Africa and Asia. Exports of one particular shark catfish
species from Vietnam, Pangasius bocourti, has met with pressures from the
U.S. catfish industry. In 2003, The United States Congress passed a law
preventing the imported fish from being labeled as catfish. As a result, the
Vietnamese exporters of this fish now label their products sold in the U.S.
as "basa fish." Trader Joe's has labeled frozen fillets of
Vietnamese Pangasius hypophthalmus as "striper."
NAME: ESTRADA GENESIS
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: GOLDFISH DEFINITION
GROUP: 5

A relatively small member of the carp family goldfish is native to East Asia.
It was first selectively bred in Ancient China more than a thousand years
ago, and several distinct breeds have since been developed. Goldfish
breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration and colouration
(various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are
known).
NAME: GUZMAN RAPHAEL
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: GOLDFISH HISTORY
GROUP: 5

Starting in ancient China, various species of carp have been bred and reared
as food fish for thousands of years. Some of these normally gray or silver
species have a tendency to produce red, orange or yellow colour mutations;
this was first recorded during the Jin dynasty (265–420).
During the Tang dynasty (618–907), it was popular to raise carp in
ornamental ponds and watergardens. A natural genetic mutation produced
gold (actually yellowish orange) rather than silver colouration. People
began to breed the gold variety instead of the silver variety, keeping them
in ponds or other bodies of water. On special occasions at which guests
were expected, they would be moved to a much smaller container for
display.
NAME: ROSENGBERG MARIA GABRIELA
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: GOLDFISH SIZE
GROUP: 5

As of April 2008, the largest goldfish in the world was believed by the BBC to
measure 19 inches , and be living in the Netherlands. At the time, a goldfish
named "Goldie", kept as a pet in a tank in Folkestone, England, was
measured as 15 inches and over 2 pounds, and named as the second largest
in the world behind the Netherlands fish. The secretary of the Federation
of British Aquatic Societies (FBAS) stated of Goldie's size that "I would think
there are probably a few bigger goldfish that people don't think of as record
holders, perhaps in ornamental lakes". In July 2010, a goldfish measuring
16 inches (41 cm) and 5 pounds (2.3 kg) was caught in a pond in Poole,
England, thought to have been abandoned there after outgrowing a tank.
NAME: MAROTTI PIERO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: GOLDFISH BEHAVIOR
GROUP: 5

Goldfish are gregarious, displaying schooling behaviour, as well as

displaying the same types of feeding behaviours. Goldfish may display
similar behaviours when responding to their reflections in a mirror.[citation
needed]
Goldfish have learned behaviours, both as groups and as individuals, that
stem from native carp behaviour. They are a generalistspecies with varied
feeding, breeding, and predator avoidance behaviours that contribute to
their success. As fish they can be described as "friendly" towards each
other.
NAME: MAROTTI PIERO
YEAR BASIC: THIRD C
TOPIC: GOLDFISH REPRODUCTION
GROUP: 5

Goldfish may only grow to sexual maturity with enough water and the right
nutrition. Most goldfish breed in captivity, particularly in pond settings.
Breeding usually happens after a significant temperature change, often in
spring. Males chase gravid female goldfish (females carrying eggs), and
prompt them to release their eggs by bumping and nudging them.
Goldfish, like all cyprinids, are egg-layers. Their eggs are adhesive and
attach to aquatic vegetation, typically dense plants such
as Cabomba or Elodea or a spawning mop. The eggs hatch within 48 to 72
hours.