ADELAIDE • BRISBANE • PERTH

VALVE MATERIALS - SUITABILITY, PERFORMANCE & APPLICATIONS

COMPLETE VALVE SOLUTIONS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES

Australian Pipeline Valve (APV) offers valves in a wide variety of material combinations in carbon
steel, stainless steels, exotic and special materials. Australian Pipeline Valve manufactures the
following valves in all grades:-

• Ball Valves (Firesafe & non Firesafe)

• Check Valves (Piston, Swing, Tilt)
• Wafer Check Valves (Dual flap/ Single flap)
• Gate Valves (API603 & API600)
• Globe Valves (ANSI B16.34 & BS1873)
• Needle Valves (Plug and Globe type)
• Plug Valves (Lined & Sleeved)
• Strainers (Y, Basket & Duplex type)

Major Categories of Common Valve Materials

FORGED CAST
CARBON STEEL
ASTM A105/A105N ASTM A216 WCB/WCC
ASTM A350 LF2 ASTM A352 LCB/LCC
ALLOY STEEL
ASTM A350 LF3 ASTM A352 LF3
ASTM A182 F5a/F5 ASTM A217 C5
ASTM A182 F9 ASTM A217 C12
ASTM A182 F11 ASTM A217 WC6
ASTM A182 F22 ASTM A217 WC9
ASTM A182 F91 ASTM A217 C12A
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
ASTM A182 F304/F304L ASTM A351 CF8/CF3
ASTM A182 F316/F316L ASTM A351 CF8M/CF3M
ASTM A182 F321
ASTM A182 F347 ASTM A351 CF8C
ASTM A182 F44 (6MO) ASTM CK3MCuN
ASTM A182 F20* (ALLOY 20) A351 CN7M
FERRITIC-AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
ASTM A182 F51 - UNS S31803† (DUPLEX S.S) A995* GR.4A/A351 CD3MN
ASTM A182 F53 - UNS S32750 (SUPER DUPLEX S.S.) A995* GR.5A/A351 CE3MN
ASTM A182 F55 - UNS S32760 (SUPER DUPLEX S.S.) A995* CD3MWCuN/A995 GR.6A
NICKEL ALLOY
INCONEL 825 - UNS N08825 - ASTM B564 N08825 A484 CU 5MCuC*
INCONEL 600 - UNS N06600 - ASTM B564 N06600 A494 CY40*
INCONEL 625 - UNS N06625 - ASTM B564 N06625 A494 CW6MC*
MONEL 400 - UNS N04400 - ASTM B564 N04400 A494 M35-1
TITANIUM
ASTM B381 GR.F2 ASTM B367 GR.C2
ASTM B381 GR.F3 ASTM B367 GR.C3
† Grade UNS31803 now supplemented by UNS32205. UNS32205 which dual conforms and is now often specified.
*A995 optionally supercedes A890.
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70-78 Stanbel Road Salisbury Plain, South Australia 5109

www.australianpipelinevalve.com.au Telephone +61 (0)8 8285 0033 Fax +61 (0)8 8285 0044
[email protected]
304/304L STAINLESS VALVES
Valves are manufactured in ASTM A182 304/304L forgings and ASTM A351 CF8/CF3 castings. Trim
components can also be in UNS S30403 and AISI-SAE 304/304L. Welded end valves can be in 304
but 304L is often preferred due to the lower carbon content which avoids intergranular corrosion in the
as-welded state thereby providing superior corrosion resistance compared to 304.

Design features 304/316L Stainless Steel

• General corrosion resistance
• Non magnetic and non hardenable except by cold working
• Appropriate in field working applications
• Susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking

GRADE 304
One of the most versatile and commonly used stainless steels on the market, Grade 304 stainless
steel is the most standard used alloy of this type. Essentially, Grade 304 is an austenitic chromium
alloy which is also known as an “18/8” stainless as the make-up of the steel is 18% chromium and
8% nickel. 304 grade is also cheaper than 316 grade.

The chromium content promotes the material’s considerable resistance to the effects of corrosion and
oxidation. The stainless steel alloy resists most oxidising acids and will withstand ordinary rusting
though this does not mean that the steel will not tarnish over time. The steel needs to be cold worked
to generate higher tensile strength. For valves which are welded heavily, post-weld annealing may be
necessary to provide maximum corrosive resistance.

Type 304 Stainless Steel has excellent welding and deep drawing characteristics.

Applications of Grade 304 Stainless Steel

Grade 304 can also be found in heat exchangers, chemical containers, pipelines and throughout the
food industry. It can be used as a fabricated material where high temperature petroleum gases or
steam production gases are stored such as pressure vessels.

304 & 304L valves & piping components have similar properties and in certain cases are
manufactured with dual certification, where it is confirmed that each item has properties and a
composition which comply with both steel types. Grade 304H cannot be included in this equation due
to the steel’s higher carbon content which is intended for use in elevated temperature applications.

GRADE 304L
Type 304L is a lower carbon variant of Grade 304 - the steel can be welded without the resulting
issue of carbon precipitation (precipitation of chromium carbide as heat is applied during the welding
process which depletes the chromium element of the steel thus reducing its anti-corrosive/oxidation
effectiveness). It’s corrosive and strength properties are similar to 304.

Type 304L stainless steel is a sort after material for use in severely corrosive conditions. Weld
annealing is only neccessary in applications where stress loads are excessive. 304L has a slightly
lower pressure rating at very high temperatures compared to 304.

This steel Grade is found in a variety of commerical sectors, particularly in the chemical industry.

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Benefits of using 304L Stainless Steel
• Low carbon content elliminates carbon precipitation in the welding process
• Can be used in severe corrosive environments
• Weld annealing only required in high stress applications
• Very similar to Type 304

304 & 304L valves & piping components have similar properties and in certain cases are
manufactured with dual certification, where it is concluded that each item has properties and a
composition which comply with both steel types. Grade 304H cannot be included in this equation due
to the steel’s higher carbon content which is intended for use in elevated temperature applications.
The below tables are correct as per ASTM A182/A182M-13

Chemical Composition
Grade C (Max) Si (Max) Mn (Max) P (Max) S (Max) Cr Mo Ni N (Max)

304L 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00/20.00 - 8.00/13.00 0.10

304 0.080 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00/20.00 - 8.00/11.00 0.10

Mechanical Properties
Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation (%) Reduction of Area (%) Hardness Max
Grade
Min (Mpa) Min (Mpa) Min Min (50mm) HB HRB
304L 170 485 30 50 201* 92*

304 205 515 30 50 201* 92*

* Maximum hardness not specified in ASTM A182/A182M-13

Equivalent Standards/ Specifications

The following standards may be utilised for valve & trim components in valve construction:-

ASTM
A312, A376, A358, A269, A249, A403, A182, A351

ASME
SA312, SA376, SA358, SA269, SA249, SA403, SA182, SA351

Applications
COMMON API TRIM #
FORGING WROUGHT BAR FOR BASE MATERIAL
COMMON DESIGNATION MATERIAL SUFFIX SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS (1)
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION
150 TO 600 # 900 TO 2500 #

Corrosive or extremely high temperature non-corrosive

ASTM A182 18% Chrome; 8% Nickel; ASTM A351 ASTM A479 services between -450ºF (-268ºC) and +1200ºF
2 2, 15
F304 0.08% C Stainless Steel Grade CF8 304 (+649ºC). Above +800ºF (+425ºC) specify carbon content
of 0.04% or greater.

18% Chrome; 8% Nickel;

ASTM A182 ASTM A351 ASTM A479 Brackish water, phosphate solutions, pressurised water
0.03% C Low Carbon 304L+HFS 304L+HF
304L Grade CF3 304L @ 570ºF (299ºC), sea water, steam.
Stainless Steel

Corrosive or extremely high temperature non-corrosive

ASTM A182 18% Chrome; 8% Nickel; ASTM A351 ASTM A479 services between -450ºF (-268ºC) and +1200ºF
304H+HFS 304H+HF
F304H 0.08% C Stainless Steel Grade CF10 304H (+649ºC). Above +800ºF (+425ºC) specify carbon content
of 0.04% or greater.

For technical references and ASTM/ASME cross reference information on stainless, duplex,
chrome-moly and alloy steel used in valves & piping systems in the petrochemical and refining
go to the technical section of our website: http://www.australianpipelinevalve.com.au

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316/316L STAINLESS VALVES
Valves are manufactured in ASTM A182 316/316L forgings and ASTM A351 CF8/CF3 castings. Trim
components can also be in UNS S31600 and AISI-SAE 316/316L. Welded end valves can be in 316
but 316L is often preferred due to the lower carbon content which avoids inter granular corrosion in
the as-welded state thereby providing superior corrosion resistance compared to 316. However 316
can be post-weld annealed to promote maximum corrosion resistance.

316 and 316L are molybdenum steels with enhanced resistance to pitting by solutions with chlorides
and other halides. These grades offer tensile, creep and stress-rupture strength in higher-temperature
applications. 316 and 316L offer better resistance to atmospheric and mild environments than 304
and 304L.

Design Features 316/316L

• 316 is resistant to dilute solutions (1-5%) of sulfuric acid to 49ºC (120ºF), except in some oxidising
acids, where 316 is less resistant than 304.
• 316 is susceptible to inter granular corrosion in the as-welded condition
• 316 is prone to carbide precipitation from 427ºC to 816ºC (800ºF to 1500ºF)
• Corrosion resistance can be restored by post-welding annealing
• 316L offers same composition but with less than 0.03% carbon
• 316L presents similar corrosion resistance and other characteristics as 316 but with added
resistance to inter granular attack in the as-welded condition or with short exposures in the 427ºC to
816ºC (800ºF to 1500ºF) range
• 316L is appropriate in applications where it’s impossible to avoid exposure in the carbide
precipitation range and when post-welding annealing isn’t practical; lengthy exposure in this range
may make the material brittle and susceptible to inter granular attack
• 316 maximum temperature for scaling resistance is 899ºC (1650ºF) in continuous service and 816ºC
(1500ºF) in intermittent service applications
• 316L has a slightly lower pressure rating at very high temperatures compared to 316
• Susceptible to stress-corrossion cracking
• Slightly magnetic in the cold-worked condition
• Nonmagnetic and non harden able in the annealed condition
• Enhanced resistance to chlorides

GRADE 316
After 304, 316 is the most common stainless steel on the market. It is an austenitic grade with the
addition of 2-3% molybdenum which further improves corrosion resistance. It is often referred to as a
marine grade stainless steel because of its effective resistance to chloride corrosion in comparison to
other stainless steel grades.

The material has superior welding and forming qualities. Grade 316 will require post-weld annealing
to promote maximum corrosion resistance, though this is not necessary if Type 316L is used.

Applications of Grade 316 Stainless Steel

Typical applications for this material are now widespread due to its superior corrosion resistance
properties when compared to Grade 304. Type 316 stainless can be found in heat exchangers,
pharmaceutical equipment, refineries, food industry, mining, process industries, etc.

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316 & 316L steel valves have common properties and are often manufactured by Australian Pipeline
Valve with dual certification, where it is determined that both have properties and composition which
comply with both steel types.

Type 316H is excluded from this overview but as a brief explanation, 316H is engineered to
constantly work in even higher working temperatures than 316/316L. It should also be noted that
316L has a slightly lower maximum temperature rating and maximum cold working pressure rating
than 316.

GRADE 316L
Type 316L is the low carbon version of 316 stainless. Again compared to 304/304L having the
addition of molybdenum, the steel is popular for use in severe corrosion environments due to the
materials immunity from boundary carbide precipitation (sensitisation) caused by welding.

Weld annealing is only required where the material is for use in high stress environments. 316L has
an extensive variety of uses especially in highly corrosive applications.

Benefits of using Type 316L Stainless Steel

• Low carbon content eliminates carbon precipitation in the welding process
• Can be used in severe corrosive environments
• Improved anti-corrosion scope due to added molybdenum
• Very similar to Grade 316 in chemical composition and mechanical properties

316 & 316L valves have common properties and are often manufactured by Australian Pipeline Valve
with dual certification, where it is determined that both have properties and composition which comply
with both steel types.
The below tables are correct as per ASTM A182/A182M-13

Chemical Composition
Grade C (Max) Si (Max) Mn (Max) P (Max) S (Max) Cr Mo Ni N (Max)

316L 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.00/18.00 2.00/3.00 10.00/15.00 0.10

316 0.080 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.00/18.00 2.00/3.00 10.00/14.00 0.10

Mechanical Properties
Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation (%) Reduction of Area (%) Hardness Max
Grade
Min (Mpa) Min (Mpa) Min Min (50mm) HB HRB
316L 170 485 30 50 217* 95*

316 205 515 30 50 217* 95*

* Maximum hardness not specified in A182/A182M-13

Equivalent Standards/ Specifications

The following standards may be utilised for valve & trim components in valve construction:-

ASTM
A312, A376, A358, A269, A249, A403, A182, A351

ASME
SA312, SA376, SA358, SA269, SA249, SA403, SA182, SA351


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Applications
COMMON API TRIM #
FORGING WROUGHT BAR FOR BASE MATERIAL
COMMON DESIGNATION MATERIAL SUFFIX SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS (1)
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION
150 TO 600 # 900 TO 2500 #

Corrosive or either extremely low or high temperature

18% Chrome; 12% Nickel;
ASTM A182 ASTM A351 ASTM A479 non-corrosive services between -450ºF (-268ºC) and
2% Mo; 0.08% C Stainless 10, 12 12, 16
F316 Grade CF8M 316 +1200ºF (+649ºC). Above +800ºF (+425ºC) specify
Steel
carbon content of 0.04%
. or greater.

18% Chrome; 12% Nickel;

ASTM A182 ASTM A351 ASTM A479 Acetic acid, calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, potable
2% Mo; 0.03% C Low 316L+HFS 316L+HF
F316L Grade CF3M 316L water, seat water, steam, sulfites.
Carbon Stainless Steel

Corrosive or extremely high temperature non-corrosive

18% Chrome; 8% Nickel;
ASTM A182 ASTM A351 ASTM A479 services between -450ºF (-268ºC) and +1200ºF
2% Mo; 0.08% C Stainless 310H+HFS 310H+HF
F316H Grade CF10M 316H (+649ºC). Above +800ºF (+425ºC) specify carbon
Steel
content of 0.04% or greater.

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 ADELAIDE • BRISBANE • PERTH

DUPLEX STAINLESS VALVES (F51/F53/F55/S31803/2205/CD3MN/CE3MN)

Australian Pipeline Valve manufactures valves in duplex stainless steel materials such as forged
ASTM A182-F51 cast A351-CD3MN and ASTM A351 CE8MN/CD4MCuN. Other grades are exotic
and special stainless steels such as Super Duplex forged A182 F53 and A182 F55 (Zeron 100) and
it’s cast equivalent A995 Grade 6A (CD3MWCuN) and A182 F44 and it’s cast equivalent A351
CK3MCuN are available upon request. Duplex A182-F51 is equivalent to:- UNS31803† and DIN
1.4462 and it is similar to:- 329LN, SAF2205, Uranus 45N.

F51/2205/CD3MN DUPLEX STEEL

Duplex stainless is a mixed microstructure of austenitic and ferrite (50/50) which has improved
strength over ferritic and austenitic steel grades with similar corrosion resistance qualities.

Benefits of using Duplex Stainless Steel

• Similar corrosion resistance to Type 316
• Greater tensile and yield strength
• Good ductility and toughness
• Good stress corrosion cracking resistance (SSC)

Duplex stainless steel is designed to combine improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking
(including sulfide stress corrosion cracking), pitting, crevice corrosion and high strength when
compared with other stainless alloys. This alloy resists chloride environments and sulfide stress
corrosion. It is also roughly double the strength of standard austenitic stainless steels.

Applications
• Petrochemical
• Desalination plants
• Chemical processing and transportation
• Chloride-handling industries
• Valve stems

Metallurgical Chemical Composition

UNS S31803/A182 F51/1.4462
C Cr Mn Mo N Ni P S Si
0.030 21.0- 2.00 2.50- 0.08- 4.50- 0.030 0.020 1.00
max 23.0 max 3.50 0.20 6.50 max max max
Correct as per A182/A182M-13. Based on A182 F51 (UNS31803 is equivalent).

UNS S32205
C Cr Mn Mo N Ni P S Si
0.030 22.0- 2.00 3.00- 0.14- 4.50- 0.030 0.020 1.00
max 23.0 max 3.50 0.20 6.50 max max max

Metallurgical Mechanical Properties A182 F51

Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation (Min) Reduction of Area (50mm) Charpy Impact @ Rt J Hardness HB
>450 Mpa (65KSI) >620 Mpa (90KSI) 25% 45% 100* 270HB* Max
Correct as per ASTM A182/A182M-13. (UNS31803 is similar but slightly different).
* Not shown in ASTM A182/A182M-13
PREn = Pitting Resistance Equivalent
PREn = Cr% + 3.3Mo% + 16N%
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Applicable Standards
As well as ASTM A182 and A351 other standards such as ASTM A240, A789 and A790 also cover
Duplex grades of valve bodies and trim materials.

Trade Name UNS Industry Specifications

SAF 2205 UNS S31803* ASME SA-182 (F51), SA-240, SA-798, SA-790, SA-815
ASTM A240, A276, A479, A789, A790, A815, A923, A928, A988
SAE J405
SAF 2205 UNS S32205 ASTM A240, A240M, A276, A479, A480, A480M, A798, A7901, A815, A923, A928, A988
SAE J40
* UNS31803 has been supplemented by S32205 (F60.

General Duplex Stainless Steel Information

2205 is the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It finds applications due
to both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. The standard duplex S31803 (A182 F51)
composition has been refined over many years, and the resulting composition range was endorsed as
UNS S32205 in 1996. Duplex S32205 provides excellent guaranteed corrosion resistance, but it
should be noted much of the Duplex S31803 currently produced also dual conforms with Duplex
S32205. 2205 is not generally suitable for use at temperatures above 300ºC as it suffers from
precipitation of brittle micro-constituents, nor below -50ºC because of its ductile-to-brittle-transition.

Equivalent Grades
GRADE A990-1A* A990/A995-1B A990-1C* A990/A995-2A* A990/A995-3A* A990/A995-4A* A990/A995-5A* A990/A995-6A A990/A995-7A
Type 25Cr5NiMoCu 25Cr5Ni2Mo3Cu 25Cr6NiMoCuN 24Cr10Ni4MoV 25Cr5NiMoV 22Cr5Ni3MoN 25Cr7Ni4MoN 25Cr7Ni3.5MoWCb 27Cr7Ni-Mo-W-N 25Cr7Ni3.5MoWCb

UNS No. J93370 J93372 J93373 J93345 J93371 S31803/S32205† S32750 S32760 S31254

ASTM No. A351-CD4MCuN A995-1B A351-CD3MCuN* A351-CE8MN/CD3MCuN A351-CD6MN* A351-CD3MN A351-CE3MN* A995-CD3MWCuN-6A A351-CD3MWN A351-CK3MCuN

Forged Equiv. A182-F50* F61* A182-F51 A182-F53 A182-F55 (Zeron 100™) A182-F44

Common Name Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex 2205 Super Duplex 32750 Super Duplex Super Austenitic/Duplex Super Duplex

European (DIN) 1.4462 1.4410 1.4501 UNS J93379

† S31803 has been supplemented by S32205 which has a higher minimum N, CR and Mo.
* Not referenced in ASME B16.34 - 2009.

Applications
FORGING WROUGHT BAR
COMMON DESIGNATION MATERIAL SUFFIX SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS (1)
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION

(2.54 SMO) Acetic acid, antibiotics and drugs, bleaching compounds, formic acid, fruit and
20% Chrome; 18% Nickel; ASTM A351
ASTM A182 ASTM A479 juices, hot air, hot water, hydrocarbons, hydrochloric acid, organic liquids and acids, nitric
6% Mo; 0.25% C Super Grade CK3MCuN
F44 S31254 acid, organic salts, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, sea water, sewage, sodium bisulfite, steam,
Stainless Steel Super Austenitic
sulfamic acid, 10% sulfuric acid.

25.5% Chrome; 5.5% Concentrate brine, fatty acids, potable water, pulp water, pulp liqurs at 220ºF (104ºC), sea
ASTM A351 ASTM A479
Nickel; 2% Mo; 0.040% C water, steam, sulfuric acid (15-30% @ 140-160ºF (60-71ºC), sulfuric acid (35-40% @ 185ºF
Grade CD4MCu S32550
Super Stainless Steel (85ºC), plus 5% organics).

24% Chrome; 9.5% Nickel; Concentrate brine, fatty acids, potable water, pulp water, pulp liqurs at 220ºF (104ºC), sea
ASTM A351
4% Mo; 0.080% C Duplex water, steam, sulfuric acid (15-30% @ 140-160ºF (60-71ºC), sulfuric acid (35-40% @ 185ºF
Grade CE8MN
Stainess Steel (85ºC), plus 5% organics).

22% Chrome; 5% Nickel; Concentrate brine, fatty acids, potable water, pulp water, pulp liqurs at 220ºF (104ºC), sea
ASTM A182 ASTM A351 ASTM A479
3% Mo; N; 0.030% C water, steam, sulfuric acid (15-30% @ 140-160ºF (60-71ºC), sulfuric acid (35-40% @ 185ºF
F51 Grade CD3MN 31803
Duplex Stainless Steel (85ºC), plus 5% organics).

25% Chrome; 7% Nickel;

Concentrate brine, fatty acids, potable water, pulp water, pulp liqurs at 220ºF (104ºC), sea
ASTM A182 4.5% Mo; N; 0.030% C ASTM A995
water, steam, sulfuric acid (15-30% @ 140-160ºF (60-71ºC), sulfuric acid (35-40% @ 185ºF
F53 Duplex Stainless Steel Grade CE3MN
(85ºC), plus 5% organics). Useful where the Pitting Resistance Number (PREN) is required.
Grade 5A

25% Chrome; 7.5% Nickel;

ASTM A995 Concentrate brine, fatty acids, potable water, pulp water, pulp liqurs at 220ºF (104ºC), sea
3.5% Mo; N; 0.030% C
Grade CD3MWCuN water, steam, sulfuric acid (15-30% @ 140-160ºF (60-71ºC), sulfuric acid (35-40% @ 185ºF
Duplex Stainless Steel
6A (85ºC), plus 5% organics). Useful where the Pitting Resistance Number (PREN) is required.
Grade 6A

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SPECIALITY ALLOY VALVES A20/MONEL
Forged Alloy 20 (ASTM A182 F20) and it’s cast equivalent A351 CN7M is a speciality grade of
Austenitic Stainless steel often referred to as ‘super’ stainless steels. Forged Monel 400
(UNS N14400) and it’s cast equivalent A494 M35-1 are Nickel Copper Alloy Steels as is Monel K500.
Australian Pipeline Valve can also manufacture valves in other Nickel Alloys such as 600,
625, and 825. We can also manufacture other material grades of valves like hastelloy, titanium, etc.

ALLOY 20 (A20)
Alloy 20 resists acid, general pitting attack, and chloride stress corrosion cracking. Ideal for
fabrication and possessing exceptional mechanical capabilities. Alloy 20 can be welded with minimal
carbide precipitation due to the inclusion of columbium. Alloy 20 is widely accepted for uses as
diverse as chemical pharmaceutical processing, food, petrochemical and gasoline, solvents, plastics,
synthetics, and explosives. Cast Alloy 20 grade A351-CN7M is suitable for service -46ºC to 150ºC.
‘New Alloy 20’ cast grade A990-CN3MCu is suitable for -29ºC to 320ºC. Forged Alloy 20 ASTM A182-
F20 and B462 Grade N08062 (35Ni-35Fe-20Cr-Cb) is suitable up to 316ºC.

Design Features
• Exceptional stress-corrosion resistance in boiling 20% to 40% sulfuric acid
• Sulfuric acid general corrosion resistance
• Ideal fabricability and mechanical characteristics
• Welding products minimal carbide precipitation

Applications
• Chemical and allied industries
• Pharmaceutical processing
• Food and dye
• Sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers
• Pickling racks
• Tanks
• Severe environments

Alloy 20 Chemical Composition

C Cb Cr Cu Mn Mo Ni P S Si Ta

MAX 8 Times MAX MAX MAX MAX 8 Times

0.070 Carbon-1.00 19.0-21.0 3.0-4.0 2.0 2.0-3.0 32.0-38.0 0.045 0.035 1.0 Carbon-1.00

MONEL
Monels are a Nickel alloy material with the addition of copper (Cu), Silicon (Si) and Maganese (Mn).
These materials are also known as Monel, Alloy 400 and Alloy K500.

ASTM A296 gr. M-35 Monel (Monel 400) Chemical Composition

C Cb Cr Cu Mn Mo Ni P S Si Ta

MAX 8 Times MAX MAX MAX MAX 8 Times

0.070 Carbon-1.00 19.0-21.0 3.0-4.0 2.0 2.0-3.0 32.0-38.0 0.045 0.035 1.0 Carbon-1.00


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Common Material Specifications

Ni Cu30 Fe3.5 Si1.5(+) (Monel 400)

• A494 M-35-1 (UNS N24135) (Low Si - weldable)
• A494 M-35-2 (UNS N04020)
• BS3071 : NA1
• BS3071 : NA3

Others
• Wrought equivalent Alloy 400 (UNS N04400)

Typical Properties
• Tensile 430 N/mm2
• Yield 170-205 N/mm2
• Elongation 20-25%
• Hardness HB 100-150
• Density 8.8 g/cm3
• Pressure temperature rating: B16.34 Group 3.4

Corrosion Properties
• Good general corrosion for seawater service
• Especially good for higher flow rates
• Excellent trim material for NAB, gains cathodic protection with many alloys
• Not recommended for low velocities

Additional Uses
• Variety of wrought/ bar specifications available, good for trim material. Excellent strength from K500
• Used for oxygen service
• Welded with lower Si content
• Excellent for hydrofluoric & other acids (not nitric)

Cautions
• Ease of manufacture: trade-off between castability and weldability
• Pitting can be a problem at low velocities
• Don’t use as trim for austenicitc stainless

Applications
COMMON API TRIM #
FORGING WROUGHT BAR FOR BASE MATERIAL
COMMON DESIGNATION MATERIAL SUFFIX SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS (1)
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION
150 TO 600 # 900 TO 2500 #

Acetic acid (hot), brines, caustic solutions, (strong, hot),

hydrochloric acid (dilute), hydrofluoric acid and
19% Chrome; 28% Nickel;
ASTM B462 ASTM A351 ASTM B473 hyrdofluosilicic acid (dilute), nitric acid, (strong, hot),
Cu-Mo; 0.07% C Super 13 14
N08367 Grade CN7M (A20) N08020 nitric-hydrofluoric pickling acids, sulfates and sulfites,
Stainless Steel
sulfuric acid, all concentrations to 150ºF (65.5ºC),
sulfurus acid, phosphoric acid.

Acetic acid (hot), brines, caustic solutions, (strong, hot),

hydrochloric acid (dilute), hydrofluoric acid and
19% Chrome; 28% Nickel;
ASTM B462 ASTM A351 ASTM B473 hyrdofluosilicic acid (dilute), nitric acid, (strong, hot),
Cu-Mo; 0.03% C Super 13 14
N08020 Grade CN3MN N08020 nitric-hydrofluoric pickling acids, sulfates and sulfites,
Stainless Steel
sulfuric acid, all concentrations to 150ºF (65.5ºC),
sulfurus acid, phosphoric acid. Better weldability
properties than CN7M.

ASTM A494 Weldable grade. Good resistance to corrosion by all

ASTM B564 ASTM B164
67% Ni; 30% Cu, Monel Grade M-35-1 common organic acids and salt water. Also high 9, 11 9, 11
N04400 N04400
(Monel) resistant to most alkaline solutions to +752ºF (+400ºC).

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LOW TEMPERATURE CARBON STEEL VALVES LCC/LCB/LF2
Australian Pipeline Valve manufactures a large range of carbon steel valves in low temperature
carbon steel such as forged ASTM A350 LF2 and it’s cast equivalent ASTM A352 LCB. Higher
grades such as ASTM A352 LCC and Alloy (Nickel) based forged carbon steel A350-LF3 and it’s cast
equivalent A352-LC3 are also available on an indent basis. LF2 and LCB low temperature carbon
steels are suitable for continuous service down to -46ºC, up to 345ºC. However alloy - Nickel based
carbon steels like LCB, LF3, etc. are rated to lower temperatures (see below table). For cryogenic
service colder than these temperatures austenitic stainless grades such as 304, 316 (CF8, CF8M) are
required. Grades A352-LC4 and LC9 are no longer referenced in ASME B16.34 - 2009.

Low Temperature Steel Types

Steel Type Grade (forging) Grade (cast) Composition Min Temperature

Austenitic A182, F316 A351 CF8M 18Cr, 8Ni, 2Mo -196ºC

Nickel Based Steel A350 LF3 A352 LC3 3 1/2 Ni -101ºC

Nickel Based Steel NO EQUIV A352 LC2 2 1/2 Ni -73ºC

Low Temp Carbon Steel NO EQUIV A352 LC1 0.5Mo -59ºC

Low Temp Carbon Steel A350 LF2 A352 LCB Carbon Steel -46ºC

Applications
Other than temperature capabilities, LF2 and LCB are suitable for the same standard service
applications as outlined as outlined at this website for A105 and WCB such as steam, hydrocarbons
and general industrial services. The main difference between LF2/ LCB and A105/WCB is that
LF2/LCB is Charpy impact tested at -46ºC for this reason.

Carbon Steel Grades

Material Common Material UNS Forging Casting Spec. DIN Din W Application
Group Name Type Spec. Equivalent No.
General non-corrosive service
Carbon Steel CS C-Mn-Fe K03504 A105N A216-WCB C22.8 DIN 17243 1.0460 from -29ºC (-20ºF) to 427ºC
(800ºF)
Low General non-corrosive service
A352-LCB
Temperature LTCS C-Mn-Fe K03011 A350-LF2 TSTE 355 DIN 18103 1.0566 from -46ºC (-50ºF) to 340ºC
A352-LCC
Carbon Steel (650ºF), LF2 -46ºC ~ 427ºC
Low
-101ºC (150ºF) to 340ºC
Temperature Nickel Steel 3.1/2Ni K32025 A350-LF3 A352-LC3 10Ni14 1.5637
(650ºF)
Alloy Steel

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ASTM Carbon Steel Types Key Chemical Properties
KEY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CAST FORGED
CARBON STEEL
0.30/0.35 MAX C A216-WCB A105
0.25/0.35 MAX C A216-WCC A105N

LOW TEMPERATURE STEEL

0.25/0.30 MAX C A352-LCB A350-LF2
0.5 Mo A352-LC1
2.5 Ni A352-LC2
3.5 Ni A352-LC3 A350-LF3
C-MN-Si-V (0.25 Max) A352-LCC
C-Mn-Si-N (1.15~1.50 Mn) A350-LF6

Chemical & Mechanical Composition A350-LF2 †

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
C 0.30 Max TS Min psi (Mpa) 70,000 (485)
Mn 0.60 - 1.35 YS Min psi (Mpa) 36,000 (250)
Si 0.15 - 0.30 EL (2" Min) 22%
P .035 Max RA Min 30%
S 0.040 Max Hardness, Bhn Max 197
Cr 0.30 Max -50ºF Charpy Min Impact
Ni 0.40 Max Energy Ft/Lb (J):-
Mo 0.12 Max Set of 3 Specimen* 15 (20)
V 0.08 Max For One Specimen 12 (16)
Cb 0.02 Max
Cu 0.40 Max
Pb 0.02 Max
Total Residuals = 0.50
* Average
*† ASTM A350/A350M - 2012


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CARBON STEEL VALVES WCB/WCC/A105
Carbon steel valves are manufactured in forged ASTM A105 and it’s cast equivalent
ASTM/A216-WCB. The European/DIN equivalent is C22.8 DIN17243 (1.0460). ASTM A216-WCC is
also available. ASTM A216 WCC has a slightly higher pressure/ temperature rating than A216 WCB
as it has a higher yield strength and a slightly higher manganese content. A216 LCC is basically the
same as A216 WCC except it is charpies impact tested at -46ºC for low temperature service. Refer to
low temperature carbon steel overview previous page. A105 and WCB are for non corrosive service
applications from -29ºC (-20ºF) to 427ºC (800ºF) for petrochemicals, gas, water, steam and general
industrial applications. For H2S Sour Service, Australian Pipeline Valve manufactures carbon steel
valves fully conforming to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156. This is specified for petroleum, natural gas and
geothermal production services containing small amounts of H2S. For higher percentages of H2S,
Australian Pipeline Valve also manufactures upstream wellhead, corrosion resistant, alloy valves and
chokes manufactured in chrome-moly 4140 and 4130 that resists sulfide stress corrosion and
hydrogen embrittlement cracking. A105 and WCB are compatible with A234 WPB fittings, and ASTM
A106/API5LB line pipe.

Chemical Composition A105/WCB/WCC/LF2

ASTM A216 ASTM A350
ELEMENT & PROPERTIES ASTM A105
Gr. WCB Gr. WCC LF2
CARBON MAX 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.30
MANGANESE 0.60 - 1.05 1.00 MAX 1.20 MAX 0.60 - 1.35
PHOSPHORUS MAX 0.035 0.04 0.04 0.035
SULFUR MAX 0.040 0.05 0.05 0.040
SILICON 0.10 - 0.35 0.6 MAX 0.60 MAX 0.15 - 0.30
NICKEL MAX 0.40 A
0.5 0.50 0.40 A
CHROMIUM MAX 0.30 A,B 0.5 0.50 0.30 A,B
MOLYBDENUM MAX 0.12 A,B 0.2 0.20 0.12 A,B
COPPER MAX 0.40 A 0.3 0.30 0.40A
COLUMBIUM MAX 0.02 - - 0.02D
VANADIUM MAX 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.05
TENSILE STRENGTH PSI 70 000 MIN 70 000 - 95 000 70 000 MIN 70 000 - 95 000
YIELD STRENGTH PSI MIN 36 000 36 000 40 000 36 000
ELONGATION 2” % MIN 22 22 22 22
REDUCTION AREA % MIN 30 35 35 30
HARDNESS† (HB) MAX 187 185 185 197
The above table for A105 & LF2 is as per ASTM A350/A350M - 2012 for LF2 and A105/A105M-12.
† NACE MR-01-75 specifies 237 maximum brinell hardness. For LF2 refer ASTM A961/961M
A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not exceed 1.00%. B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32%.
D By agreement, the limit for columbium may be increased up to 0.05% on heat analysis and 0.06% on product analysis.

Carbon Steel Grades

Material Common Material Forging Casting ASTM Din W
UNS DIN Application
Group Name Type Spec. Equivalent No.

General non-corrosive service from -29ºC

Carbon Steel CS C-Si K03504 A105 A216-WCB C22.8 DIN 17243 1.0460
(-20ºF) to 425ºC (800ºF)
General non-corrosive service from -29ºC
Carbon Steel CS C-MN-Si A105N A216-WCC (-50ºF) to 425ºC (800ºF). Slightly higher
pressure ratings than WCB 
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CHROME MOLY/ALLOY/STEEL VALVES F11/F22/F5
Australian Pipeline Valve manufactures a large range of ‘chrome-moly’ valves. These valves are
manufactured from low alloy steel containing chromium and molybdenum making them suitable for
higher temperature service especially for higher pressure and temperature combinations. In addition,
these valves have the added advantage of anti-corrosive properties. Grades include forged ASTM
A182 F5, F5a, F9, F11 and F22, and their cast equivalents ASTM A217 C5, C12, WC5, WC6 and
WC9. Higher grades like A112 F9/ASTM A217 C12A are available on an indent basis.

Description
Chrome moly alloy is lightweight but strong, (similar to AISI 4130). With the additions of molybdenum
and chromium, chrome moly alloy offers exceptional weldability along with oxidation and scaling
resistance.

Design Features
• Resistant to scaling and oxidation
• Harden through heat treatment
• Excellent weldability
• Strong and tough
• Excellent ductility

Applications
• Pressure piping
• Pressure vessels
• Welded tubing applications

Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties ASTM A182†

ELEMENT LOW ALLOY STEEL MEDIUM ALLOY STEEL
& PROPERTIES F11 CL2 F22 CL3 F5 F9
CARBON 0.10-0.20 0.05-.015 0.15 MAX 0.15 MAX
MANGANESE 0.30-0.80 0.30-0.60 0.30-0.60 0.30-0.60
PHOSPHORUS MAX 0.040 0.040 0.03 0.030
SULFUR MAX 0.040 0.040 0.03 0.030
SILICON 0.50-1.00 0.50 MAX 0.50 MAX 0.50-1.00
NICKEL MAX - - 0.50 -
CHROMIUM 1.00-1.50 2.00-2.50 4.00-6.00 8.0-10.0
MOLYBDENUM 0.44-0.65 0.87-1.13 0.44-0.65 0.90-1.10
COPPER MAX - - - -
COLUMBIUM MAX - - - -
VANADIUM MAX - - - -
TENSILE STRENGTH PSI 70,000 (485) 75,000 (515) 70,000 (485) 85,000 (585)
YIELD STRENGTH PSI MIN 40,000 (275) 45,000 (310) 40,000 (275) 55,000 (380)
ELONGATION 2” % MIN 20 20 20 20
REDUCTION AREA % MIN 30 30 35 40
HARDNESS (HB) MAX* 143 ~ 207 156 ~ 207 143 ~ 217 179 ~ 217
† A182/A182M-13
* NACE MR-01-75 specifies 237 maximum brinell hardness.


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Equivalent Grades & Applications
Material Common Type UNS Forging Spec. Casting Spec. DIN DIN W Application
Group Name Equivalent No.
Moly Steel C-1/2Mo K12822 A182-F1 cl 1 A217-WC1 15M03 1.5415 Up to 470ºC (875ºF)
Low Alloy Steel

1.1/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si K11572 A182-F11 cl 2 A217-WC6 13CRM044 1.7335 Up to 593ºC (1100ºF)

Chrome Moly
Alloy Steel

2.1/4Cr-1Mo K21590 A182-F22 cl 3 A217-WC9 10CRM0910 1.7380 Up to 593ºC (1100ºF), HP steam

5Cr-1/2Mo K41545 A182-F5a/F5 A217-C5 12CRMO195 1.7362 High temp. refinery service
9Cr-1Mo K90941 A182-F9 A27-C12 X 12 CrMo 9 1 1.7386 High temp. erosive refinery service
9Cr-1Mo-V A182-F91 A217-C12A X 10 CrMoVNb 9 1 1.4903 High pressure steam

Applications
COMMON API TRIM #
FORGING COMMON DESIGNATION MATERIAL WROUGHT BAR SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS THIS BASE MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION SUFFIX SPECIFICATION
150 TO 600 # 900 TO 2500 #

Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and

ASTM A217 A182 F1 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F1 C-1/2 Mo Low Alloy Steel gases at temperatures between -24ºC (-20ºF) and 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Grade WC1 Class 1 12A
+593ºC (1100ºF).
Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and
0.75% Ni; Mo; 0.75% Cr ASTM A217 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F2 A182 F2 gases at temperatures WC5:- -29ºC ~ 575ºC, F2:- 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Low Alloy Steel Grade WC5 12A
-29ºC ~ 538ºC. Not for prolonged use >470ºC.
Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and
1 1/4% Chrome; 1/2% Moly ASTM A217 A182 F11 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F11 gases at temperatures WC5:- -29ºC ~ 575ºC, F2:- 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Low Alloy Steel Grade WC6 Class 2 12A
-29ºC ~ 538ºC.
Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and
2 1/4% Chrome Low Alloy ASTM A217 A182 F22 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F22 gases at temperatures between -30ºC (-20ºF) and 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Steel Grade WC9 Class 3 12A
+593ºC (+1100ºF).
Mild corrosive or erosive applications as well as
5% Chrome; 1/2% Moly, ASTM A217 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F5a/F5 A182 F5a/F5 non-corrosive applications at temperatures 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Medium Alloy Steel Grade C5 12A
between -30ºC (-20ºF) and +650ºC (+1200ºF).
Mild corrosive or erosive applications as well as
9% Chrome; 1% Moly, ASTM A217 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F9 A182 F9 non-corrosive applications at temperatures 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Medium Alloy Steel Grade C12 12A
between -30ºC (-20ºF) and +650ºC (+1200ºF).
Mild corrosive or erosive applications as well as
9% Chrome; 1% Moly; V-N, ASTM A217 8, 8A, 10, 12,
A182 F91 A182 F91 non-corrosive applications at temperatures 5, 5A, 12, 12A
Medium Alloy Steel Grade C12-A 12A
between -30ºC (-20ºF) and +650ºC (+1200ºF).

For peace of mind, Australian Pipeline Valve have full

in-house PMI facilities for Alloy grade verification.

The information in this publication is a rough guide and should not be used for specifying the use of valves.
Always consult latest relevant ASME and API publications.

We can manufacture exotic grades like Nickel, Super Duplex F55 and Monel (ASTM A494-M35-1), Cd4M-Cu, Hastealloy C
(ASTM A-494 CW12MW), 317 (C8G8M) in short lead-time.

For other ANSI, ASME, ISO, API, BS, API valve related technical cross reference charts and tables relating to standards,
codes, pressure, temperature, application, suitability, equivalents, body & trim materials, valve manufacturing & test
standards, etc., go to the technical section of our website: http://www.australianpipelinevalve.com.au

We manufacture valves in API600, API602, API6D, BS1868, API603, API6A and numerous other standards including Ball,
Butterfly, Check, Gate, Globe, Needle and Plug valves.

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 PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY AUSTRALIAN PIPELINE VALVE
Gate Valves
• API 603 & 600 150# - 2500#
• API 602 & ANSI B16.34 800#, 1500#, 2500#, 2690#

Globe Valves
• ANSI B16.34 & BS1873 150# - 2690#
• API 602 & BS5352 & ANSI B16.34 800#, 1500#, 2500#

Check Valves
• ANSI B16.34
• API 602 & BS5352 & ANSI B16.34 800#, 1500#, 2500#, 2690#

Ball Valves
• ANSI Class 150# - 2500#

Multi-way Ball Valve

• 3 Way
• 4 Way

Wafer Check Valves

• Dual & Single flap
• ANSI Class 150# - 2500#

Strainers (Y) Pattern & Basket

• ANSI Class 150# - 2690#

CROSS REFERENCE CHARTS & VALVE MATERIAL REFERENCES

For technical references and ASTM/ANSI cross reference information on stainless, duplex,
chrome-moly and Alloy steel used in valves & piping systems in the petrochemical and refining
Go to our website: http://www.australianpipelinevalve.com.au

We can manufacture exotic grades like F55, Nickel, Super Duplex F55 and Monel (ASTM A494
M35-1) Cd4M-Cu, Hastelloy C (ASTM A-494 CW12MW), 317 (C8G8M) in short lead time.

Major stockist and master distributors:- Global Supply Line Pty Ltd. Global Supply Line will
provide a quotation or arrange for your Local Australian Pipeline Valve agent to contact you.
You can also view catalogues and stocklists of Australian Pipeline Valves by going to the following
website:- http://australianpipelinevalve.com.au

At Australian Pipeline Valve the same knowledge and effort

we put into this website goes into every product we sell.
If this website helps you, please reward APV with your business
and advise your purchasing staff, plant managers and project managers about us!

Australian Pipeline Valve

~ Short lead time valve manufacturer ~

© Copyright Australian Pipeline Valve 2013.

It is illegal to copy, however it is permissable to link another website to any page at this website.
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