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    Virtual Function

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    Pankul Kadan
    Virtual functions allow functions to be overridden in derived classes. They are declared with the virtual keyword in the base class and defined in the derived class. This allows the correct version of the function to be called at runtime based on the object's actual type, rather than its declared type. For example, a base class pointer can call a derived class version of a virtual function.

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    Virtual Function

    Uploaded by

    Pankul Kadan
    491 views3 pages
    Virtual functions allow functions to be overridden in derived classes. They are declared with the virtual keyword in the base class and defined in the derived class. This allows the correct version of the function to be called at runtime based on the object's actual type, rather than its declared type. For example, a base class pointer can call a derived class version of a virtual function.

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    C pp pure virtual function

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    Virtual functions allow functions to be overridden in derived classes. They are declared with the virtual keyword in the base class and defined in the derived class. This allows the correct version of the function to be called at runtime based on the object's actual type, rather than its declared type. For example, a base class pointer can call a derived class version of a virtual function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    491 views3 pages

    Virtual Function

    Uploaded by

    Pankul Kadan
    Virtual functions allow functions to be overridden in derived classes. They are declared with the virtual keyword in the base class and defined in the derived class. This allows the correct version of the function to be called at runtime based on the object's actual type, rather than its declared type. For example, a base class pointer can call a derived class version of a virtual function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Virtual function

    C++ virtual function is a member function in base class


    that you redefine in a derived class. It is declare using
    the virtual keyword.

    It is used to tell the compiler to perform dynamic


    linkage or late binding on the function.

    Late binding or Dynamic linkage


    In late binding function call is resolved during runtime.
    Therefore compiler determines the type of object at
    runtime, and then binds the function call.

    virtual function Example


    Let's see the simple example of C++ virtual function
    used to invoked the derived class in a program.

    #include <iostream.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    class A
    {
    public:
    virtual void display()
    {
    cout << "Base class is invoked"<<endl;
    }
    };
    class B:public A
    {
    public:
    void display()
    {
    cout << "Derived Class is invoked"<<endl;
    }
    };
    int main()
    {
    A* a; //pointer of base class
    B b; //object of derived class
    a = &b;
    a->display(); //Late Binding occurs
    }

    Virtual Function in C++


    A virtual function a member function which is declared within base
    class and is re-defined (Overriden) by derived class. When you
    refer to a derived class object using a pointer or a reference to the
    base class, you can call a virtual function for that object and
    execute the derived class’s version of the function.
     Virtual functions ensure that the correct function is called for
    an object, regardless of the type of reference (or pointer) used
    for function call.
     They are mainly used to achieve Runtime polymorphism
     Functions are declared with a virtual keyword in base class.
     The resolving of function call is done at Run-time.
    Rules for Virtual Functions
    1. They Must be declared in public section of class.
    2. Virtual functions cannot be static and also cannot be a friend
    function of another class.
    3. Virtual functions should be accessed using pointer or
    reference of base class type to achieve run time
    polymorphism.
    4. The prototype of virtual functions should be same in base as
    well as derived class.
    5. They are always defined in base class and overridden in
    derived class. It is not mandatory for derived class to override
    (or re-define the virtual function), in that case base class
    version of function is used.
    6. A class may have virtual destructor but it cannot have a
    virtual constructor.
    Compile-time(early binding) VS run-time(late binding)
    behavior of Virtual Functions
    Consider the following simple program showing run-time behavior
    of virtual functions.

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