04-Application Guidelines - Sikasil SG - v3 - 01-12 PDF

General Guidelines
Structural Silicone Glazing with

Sikasil® SG Adhesives
Version 3 (01/2012)
General Guidelines Structural Silicone Glazing with Sikasil® Adhesives
Table of Content
Purpose and General Information 4
Introduction 5
1. Design and Joint Dimensioning 5
2. Working Place Conditions 5
3. Surface Pre-treatment and Masking 5
3.1 Application of Sika® Cleaner P and Sika® Cleaner G&M 6
3.2 Application of Sika® Aktivator-205 (formerly Sika® Cleaner-205) 7
3.3 Application of Sika® Primer-790 8
3.4 Masking of Areas Adjacent to the Joints 8
4. Processing and Product Application 8
4.1 Two-component Structural Silicone Adhesives 8
4.2 One-component Structural Silicone Adhesives 11
4.3 Encapsulation of Structural Glazing Adhesives 12
5. Movement of Bonded Elements 13
6. Quality Assurance 14
6.1 Testing the Mixing Ratio (2-part products only) 15
6.2 Marble Test for Homogeneity (2- part products only) 15
6.3 Butterfly Test for Homogeneity (2-part products only) 16
6.4 Pot Life (Snap Time) Testing (2-part products only) 17
6.5 Skin-over Time and Tack-free Time (1-part products only) 18
6.6 Shore A Hardness 18
6.7 Peel Adhesion Test 19
6.8 Tensile Adhesion Tests on H-specimens 20
6.9 Visual Inspection 23
- 2 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

6.10 Deglazing 23
6.11 Repair Glazing 25
6.12 Recommended Basic Quality Control Scheme 27
6.13 Recommendations for Logbook Content 29
Structural Glazing – Factory Audit Report 32

Purpose and General Information

This document contains recommendations and hints for the application of Sikasil® SG adhesives in
structural bonding applications. These guidelines are relevant for the following products:
- Sikasil® SG-500 2-part SG adhesive, ETA and CE certified

- Sikasil® SG-500 CN 2-part SG adhesive, complying with ASTM C1184 and
GB 16776, 2005
- Sikasil SG-550
®
2-part high-strength SG adhesive, ETA and CE certified,
complying with ASTM C1184
- Sikasil SG-18
®
1-part SG adhesive, complying with ASTM C1184
- Sikasil® SG-20 1-part SG adhesive, ETA and CE certified,
complying with GB 16776, 2005
The information herein is offered for general guidance only. Since structural sealant glazing is a
critical application and conditions as well as substrates may vary greatly, the customer must test the
suitability of the product for each specific project and contact Sika for advice.
Sikasil® adhesives in highly demanding and critical applications, such as structural

glazing or window bonding, may only be used after a detailed examination and written
approval of the corresponding project details by the Technical Service Department of
Sika Industry.
For detailed information about specific silicone products and surface pre-treatment agents please
refer to the most recent Product Data Sheets (PDS) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
(see www.sika.com/ses).
Picture 1: General Health and Safety Instructions

Introduction
Sikasil® SG adhesives are condensation-curing, one- and two-part silicone products suitable for
bonding glass panes or insulating glass units to a support frame (usually: anodized aluminium,
polyester powder-coated aluminium, PVDF-coated aluminium or stainless steel). This technique is
known as structural silicone glazing. Sikasil® SG silicone adhesives have structural capabilities in
the sense of EN13022 / EOTA ETAG 002 and ASTM C 1401 and are long-term UV-resistant. They
have proven their suitability for structural silicone glazing in thousands of façade projects under
most climatic conditions.
1. Design and Joint Dimensioning

Joints must be properly dimensioned as changes are no longer possible after construction or adhesive
application, respectively. Basis for calculation of the necessary joint dimensions are the technical
values of the adhesive and the adjacent building materials, the exposure of the building elements,
their construction and size as well as external loads (wind, snow, climatic loads, etc.). Sika offers a
comprehensive project service package including design reviews and structural joint dimensioning.
For more information please contact the Technical Service Department of Sika Industry.
2. Working Place Conditions

The working place should be as dust-free as possible. Ideal conditions are 23°C (73°F) and 50%
relative humidity. As these conditions are usually attainable only in laboratory, one should try to
make the plant conditions as close as possible. Although Sikasil® SG adhesives may be processed
within 5 - 40°C (40 - 105°F) the optimum application temperature of the products is between 15°C
and 30°C (60 - 85°F).
All substrates and sealants/adhesives must be stored under the same conditions (i.e. 5 - 40°C;
40 - 105°F) at least 24 hours prior to the application of Sikasil® SG.
3. Surface Pre-treatment and Masking

Surfaces must be clean, dry and free from oil, grease and dust. Do not contaminate pre-treated sur-
faces during any phase of production. If contamination occurs, surfaces have to be pre-treated again.
The information in table 1 is offered for general guidance only. Advice on specific pre-treatment
methods based on laboratory adhesion tests will be given on request.
With the exception of clear float glass, Sika has to test the adhesion of structural silicone
adhesives on project basis on production-run samples of the original materials used in
the specific project. The use of the surface pre-treatment agents recommended in the
laboratory report is mandatory; otherwise any warranty for the adhesion behaviour of
Sikasil® silicone adhesives is null and void.

Table 1: Overview of Pre-treatments
Substrate Surface Pre-treatment
Float glass (including tempered, toughened,

laminated and tinted types) Sika® Cleaner P or
Sika® Aktivator-205*
Pyrolytically coated glass
Ceramic-coated (enamelled) glass Sika® Aktivator-205*
Anodized aluminium Sika® Cleaner P or

Sika® Cleaner G&M** or
Stainless steel Sika® Aktivator-205*
Sika® Aktivator-205* or
Polyester powder-coated aluminium or
Sika® Cleaner P & Sika® Aktivator-205* or
PVDF-coated aluminium
Sika® Cleaner G&M & Sika® Primer-790
* Sika® Aktivator-205 (formerly Sika® Cleaner-205) leaves marks on pre-treated surfaces. If this is not
acceptable and the adjacent area can not be masked, Sika® Cleaner P may be used instead.
** Sika® Cleaner G&M shall be used for very greasy or oily metal surfaces.
3.1 Application of Sika® Cleaner P and Sika® Cleaner G&M

Sika® Cleaner P and Sika® Cleaner G&M are solvent-based cleaning agents. For very greasy or
oily surfaces use Sika® Cleaner G&M which has a better oil/grease removal capability than Sika®
Cleaner P. Both cleaners are applied by the “two-cloth method”:
1. Moisten a clean, dry, oil-free and lint-free cloth or paper with Sika® Cleaner P / G&M and
rub it over the surface. Make sure to turn the cloth or paper to expose new surface, or
replace it regularly, in order to avoid wiping residues back onto the surface.
2. Then wipe-off the surface with a clean, dry, oil-free and lint-free cloth or paper.
Never wait until Sika® Cleaner P / Sika® Cleaner G&M have has evaporated from the
surface because dissolved contaminants would be left behind.
3. Repeat this procedure until the surface is clean.

4. Drying time:
The required minimum drying time at 5 - 40°C (40 - 105°F) is 2 minutes.
5. If cleaned parts can not be bonded immediately, protect them against subsequent
contamination.
6. If more than two hours have passed since cleaning, always repeat the cleaning process
before bonding.
For more details about Sika® Cleaner P and Sika® Cleaner G&M refer to the actual Product Data
Sheets (PDS) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

3.2 Application of Sika® Aktivator-205 (formerly Sika® Cleaner-205)

Sika® Aktivator-205 is not a simple cleaning solvent but contains a bonding agent which
forms an activating film on the substrate surface. On some surfaces, for example on
certain glossy powder-coated aluminium profiles, this film may be visible and change
the appearance of the profile. Therefore it is important to apply Sika® Aktivator-205 like
a primer and to use masking tapes in critical (visual) areas if necessary.
1. Moisten a clean, dry, oil-free and lint-free cloth or paper with Sika® Aktivator-205 and
apply it on the surface. Make sure to turn the cloth or paper to expose new surface,
or replace it regularly in order to avoid wiping residues back onto the surface. If the
surface is not free of contaminant, the process has to be repeated.
2. Unlike ordinary cleaning agents, the surface treated with Sika® Aktivator-205 must not
be dried subsequently with a cloth or paper!
3. Drying time:
The required minimum drying times are as follows (depending on the temperature in the
workshop):
5 - 10°C (40 - 50°F): 10 minutes
10 - 15°C (50 - 60°F): 5 minutes
> 15°C (> 60°F): 2 minutes
In case of doubt, contact Technical Service Department of Sika Industry.
4. If pretreated parts are not bonded/sealed immediately, protect them against subsequent
contamination.
5. Adhesives should be applied within 2 hours after the application of Sika® Aktivator-205.
Otherwise the procedure as described above has to be repeated before bonding.
Tightly re-seal container immediately after each use. Sika® Aktivator-205 should only be
used within one month after opening the can.
Discard any Sika® Aktivator-205 that has gelled or separated.
For more details about Sika® Aktivator-205 refer to the actual Product Data Sheet (PDS) and Mate-
rial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

3.3 Application of Sika® Primer-790

In very rare cases (e.g. on a few PVDF coatings, PPC coating with a high wax content) the use of
Sika® Aktivator-205 is not sufficient for a durable adhesion. Sika® Primer-790 can be used instead.
1. Ideal application and surface temperature is between 15°C and 25°C (60°F - 75°F).
2. Surfaces must be clean, dry and free from grease, oil and dust. Clean the surface with
Sika® Cleaner-P or Sika® Cleaner G&M (wipe-on / wipe-off) and leave to dry.
3. Apply a thin but covering coat of Sika® Primer-790 with a brush, felt, clean lint-free cloth
or foam applicator. It shall be applied once only. Make sure that this single application
gives adequately dense coverage.
4. Drying time: 20 min. maximum: 2 hours
Tightly re-seal container immediately after each use. Sika® Primer-790 should only be
used within one month after opening the can. Discard any primer that has gelled or
separated.
For more details about Sika® Primer-790 refer to the actual Product Data Sheets (PDS) and Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
3.4 Masking of Areas Adjacent to the Joints

To assure neat bond lines and protect areas adjacent to the structural joint, use a masking tape.
The tape must not touch the pre-treated surface areas to which the silicone has to
adhere. Remove the masking tape immediately after tooling the SG joint. Do not wait
longer than 5 minutes. Otherwise joints might be damaged.
4. Processing and Product Application
4.1 Two-component Structural Silicone Adhesives
4.1.1 Preparatory Work

Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 A-part as well as B-part have a paste-like consistency. To
process the two components, a pump system with follower plate is required.
1. After opening the 200 litre drum containing the A-part (base) remove the plastic cover
sheet and place the drum under the follower plate.
2. After opening the pail containing the B-part (catalyst) cut the foil in a diameter of
150 mm. Remove cut foil and any crust or oil from the surface. Place the pail under the
follower plate.

Neither the A-part nor the B-part require stirring because both components show very
little tendency to separate. In the very unlikely case of an oil separation of more than
1 cm thickness on the B-part contact Sika before use.
Due to its reactivity with atmospheric moisture, the B-part of all Sikasil® SG products
must not to be exposed to air for more than 5 minutes. Should a thin layer of a resinous
material have developed on top, it has to be removed with a spatula or a similar tool
before installing the container under the pump.
3. Start operations carefully following the instructions of the equipment supplier.
For the application of Sikasil® SG-550 a hydrolic pump with a standard static mixer (e.g. trumpet) is
required. Pump examples are Reinhardt Technik Ecostar 250, Lisec TAL 50 and TAL 60, TSI Mas-
termix XL and XS, DOPAG VISCO-MIX H200. The pressure at the A component is recommended
at > 250 bar. Pneumatic pumps are not suitable for SG-550 as they are too weak for a proper ap-
plication speed.
For more details about Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 refer to the actual Product Data
Sheets (PDS) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
4.1.2 Mixing
To obtain the ultimate physical properties indicated in the corresponding Product Data Sheets,
Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 2-part silicone adhesives have to be thoroughly mixed by a
2-part silicone mixing and dispensing equipment with static or dynamic mixers. For recommenda-
tions contact System Engineering Department of Sika Industry.
For mixing ratio by weight and volume, refer to the corresponding Product Data Sheet. Only small
deviations of ± 10% from the mixing ratio indicated in the Product Data Sheet are tolerated. For a
proper adjustment of the mixing ratio refer to the manual of the pump equipment. If further assistance
is required, contact the equipment manufacturer. Lot matching of Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN /
SG-550 catalyst and base is not required.
The mixer open time, i.e. the time the material can remain in the mixer without flushing or extrusion
of the product, is significantly shorter than the snap time (pot life) indicated in the Product Data
Sheets. If the alarm time is set too long cured rubber particles are visible in the extruded material.
In order to maintain a long life time of the static mixer, the alarm on the equipment has to be set to
the values shown in table 2.

Table 2: Mixer-open times and alarm times of 2-part Sikasil® SG adhesives at 23°C
Product Mixer open time * Alarm time equipment *
Sikasil® SG-500 approx. 7 - 9 min approx. 7 min
Sikasil® SG-500 CN approx. 10 - 12 min approx. 9 min
Sikasil® SG-550 approx. 9 - 11 min approx. 9 min

* Above mentioned times significantly vary with ambient temperature and must be verified by tests under
actual conditions.
During shutdown, it is recommended that the dispensing and mixing equipment is purged with non-
catalyzed base (A-component) in order to retard the curing of the adhesive. Usually, the necessary
amount of A-part to purge corresponds to the threefold volume of the mixing system (for systems
with a static mixer).
Alternatively, a freezer can be used for downtimes up to 24 hours at a temperature of ‑40°C/‑40°F

or below. However, the reaction will not stop at -40°C/-40°F but will only be slowed down.
During prolonged production breaks additional flushing with a cleaning agent such as Sika® Mixer
Cleaner is recommended. Cleaning the mixer by burning the silicone residues is not advisable.
When restarting production after shutdown, mixed silicone must be purged until obtaining a homo-
geneous mixture. Depending on the equipment, between 1 and 3 litres of Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500
CN / SG-550 are needed for that purpose if static mixers are used. The quality of mixing and the
correctness of the mixing ratio must be checked (butterfly or marble test, mixing ratio by weight, see
chapter 6, “Quality Assurance”).
4.1.3 Application
Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 2-component silicone adhesives must be applied evenly
and free of air bubbles. Tooling of the joint should be carried out as soon as possible after adhesive
application but not later than half the pot life (snap time) indicated in the actual Product Data Sheet.
It must be ensured that the joint is completely filled and that the joint dimensions correspond to the
calculated values.
Treatments with detergent, soap and water are not allowed for tooling SG joints.

4.2 One-component Structural Silicone Adhesives
4.2.1 Preparatory Work
Working from drums or pails:

1. Before installing the drum or pail into the pump equipment, cured material under the
follower plate have to be removed thoroughly.
2a Pails: After opening the pail cut the foil in a diameter of 150 mm. Remove cut foil from
the surface.
2b Drums: After opening the drum cut the foil along the welding line. Pull the bag over the
drum rim and tape it tightly. Remove the foil on the surface..
3. Put container under the pump and start application according to pump manufacturer’s
instructions.
All one-component Sikasil® SG adhesives cure with atmospheric moisture. These

products must not be exposed to air for more than 5 minutes.
Working from cartridges or unipacks:

Follow the instructions given by the gun manufacturer.
For more details about Sikasil® SG-18 / SG-20 refer to the actual Product Data Sheets (PDS) and
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
4.2.2 Application
Sikasil® SG adhesives are applied by equipment with a metering pump, or manually directly from
cartridge or unipack.
The adhesive must be applied evenly and free of air bubbles. The one-component products form a skin
after a certain time (skin time, skin-over time), which varies with ambient humidity and temperature.
The joint bite for one-part Sikasil® adhesives is limited to 15 mm in one curing step. Deeper joints
can be applied in more steps, e.g. a 25 mm deep joint can be filled in the first step with 10 mm. After
the full thru-cure of the first part the next 15 mm of SG adhesive can be applied.
Tooling and smoothing of joints should be carried out as soon as possible after the adhesive application
and not later than half of the skin time indicated in the actual Product Data Sheet. It must be ensured
that the joint is completely filled and that the joint dimensions correspond to the calculated values.
Treatments with detergent, soap and water are not allowed for tooling SG joints.

4.3 Encapsulation of Structural Glazing Adhesives

In some construction details it is requested to encapsulate the applied structural glazing adhesive with
a weather seal or gasket etc. (see picture 2). The minimum time between the adhesive application
and encapsulation depends very much of the type of adhesive and the gasket material (see table 3).
Picture 2: Encapsulated adhesive
Table 3: Encapsulating Sikasil® SG adhesives

SG Adhesive A Spacer B * Encapsulation Time before applying encapsu-
C* lation C
1-part Adhesive All materials All materials Only after complete curing of SG
adhesive, proven by samples
with original dimensions and cur-
ing at the same conditions as SG
units
2-part Adhesive Open-cell PU tapes: Silicone gaskets Immediately after adhesive ap-
EPDM gaskets plication
Sika® Spacer Tape HD
Norton Thermalbond®
V-2100 and V-2200
2-part Adhesive Closed-cell tapes Silicone gaskets > 24 h, or consult Technical Ser-
Silicone gaskets EPDM gaskets vice Department of Sika Industry
EPDM gaskets
2-part Adhesive Open-cell PU tapes: Neutral weather > 24 h, or consult Technical Ser-
sealants vice Department of Sika Industry
Sika® Spacer Tape HD
Norton Thermalbond®
V-2100 and V-2200
2-part Adhesive Closed-cell tapes Neutral weather > 24 h, or consult Technical Ser-
Silicone gaskets sealants vice Department of Sika Industry
EPDM gaskets
* Only materials with proven compatibility to Sikasil® adhesives are permitted

5. Movement of Bonded Elements

Bonded units should not be exposed to stress until certain strength has developed. Since adhesion
and strength build-up depend on the adhesive used, environmental conditions and the substrates,
respectively, only general recommendations regarding the storage time are be given in table 4. If
the situation is ambiguous temporary mechanical supports, retaining devices or Sika® Spacer Tape
HD should be used to prevent loads acting on the joint during storage, transportation and installation.
For more information please contact the Technical Service Department of Sika Industry.
Table 4: Storage time of bonded façade units*

Step Conditions Time after applying Time after applying
1-part adhesives** 2-part adhesives
Initial curing and Store units stress- till full curing 1 day
adhesion build-up free in horizontal
position
Strength-build up Store units with dead 3 days

and increase of ad- load support verti-
hesion cally
Further strength and Transportation of after full curing, see cor- 4 days
adhesion increase units vertically with responding PDS
support
Ultimate strength and Installation of Ele- > 7 days

adhesion reached ments
* Times can be reduced with the use of Sika® Spacer Tape HD (see picture 2, B). For details consult the
Technical Service Department of Sika Industry
** Depends on joint dimension and ambient conditions
The structurally glazed units must not be moved to the job site until the adhesive has
fully cured and it can be demonstrated through quality control testing that the adhesive
has achieved full adhesion.
Transportation of elements is possible earlier than stated in the table above if tensile adhesion tests
on H-specimens (see chapter 6, “Quality Assurance”) kept under the same conditions as the bonded
elements give a value of ≥ 0.7 N/mm2 and the failure mode is ≥ 95% cohesive.
Depending on the factory conditions and organization of the production process, different times for
movement of bonded elements can be agreed upon. This requires an audit of the customer’s pro-
duction by the Technical Service Department of Sika Industry.

6. Quality Assurance
Perfect results require carrying out each processing step perfectly. Sika therefore recommends that
structural glazing applicators install a strict quality control system. Quality control is the primary re-
sponsibility of the processor but Sika will assist customers in setting up a comprehensive program
and train staff to carry out the mandatory tests.
The following sections describe quality procedures and a schedule when to run these tests. Local
and regional regulations such as EOTA ETAG 002 (“Guideline for European Technical Approval for
Structural Sealant Glazing Systems [SSGS]”) may require a different quality control scheme.
Sika provides a lab case containing all tools required for the QC procedures described in these
guide lines. Picture 3 shows the tools in the lab case. The figures are indicated in the guideline text
behind in square brackets.
[1] Meteorological station for temperature &

air humidity
[2] Balance (max. 500 g)

[3] Timer (4 individual times)
[4] Cups for pot life test
[5] Wooden spatulas
[6] Doctor blade for peel test samples

[7] Scraper for peel test
[8] Mould for H-specimens
[9] Shore A meter (Durometer)
[10] Digital measuring slide

[11] Meter (3 m)
[12] Loupe
[13] Protective gloves
[14] Nozzle cutter
[15] Shore A pad
Picture 3: Lab case for quality control
Please contact your local Sika office or the Technical Service Department of Sika Industry for further
information.

6.1 Testing the Mixing Ratio (2-part products only)

The easiest way to check the mixing ratio is by weight.
1. In normal mixing and metering systems, the two components can be fed separately via
special valves.
2. The balance [2] should be as accurate as 0.1 g
3. Pump both components simultaneously. To achieve maximum accuracy, extrude at least
0.4 litre of component A.
4. Weigh the components and calculate the mixing ratio.
5. For the correct mixing ratio refer to the corresponding Product Data Sheet.
If the ratio by weight is outside the ± 10% range stop work! Adjust the mixture to the
required ratio before continuing. In the event of problems with setting the mixing ratio,
please contact the equipment manufacturer.
An alternative method for checking the mixing ratio is to compare the pot life (snap time) of the
machine-mixed material with the pot life of a mixture weighed by hand in an exact ratio as stated
in the corresponding Product Data Sheet. Deviations of max. ± 25% from the value given in the
certificate of analysis are tolerable for this method.
6.2 Marble Test for Homogeneity (2- part products only)

The mixture must be homogeneous to ensure that Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 have the
ideal properties. This can be tested by the marble test (glass plate test):
1. Apply a cone of mixed Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 to a float glass plate.
2. Press a second glass plate onto the plate with the adhesive. Avoid air bubbles!
If you see white or deep-black stripes, or pronounced light-gray marbling, the adhesive
is not properly mixed or an insufficient amount of material was discharged after the last
shutdown. Never use such material for bonding. To eliminate the defect, follow the
equipment manufacturer’s instructions. If a static mixer is used, it may have to be
replaced.


Picture 4: Positive test = ideal mixing Picture 5: Negative test = inadequate mixing
6.3 Butterfly Test for Homogeneity (2-part products only)

The butterfly test is an alternative to the marble test.
1. Fold a sheet of paper down the centre and open it again.

2. Apply mixed Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-550 N over the fold.
3. Fold the paper again and press it together that the silicone adhesive spreads out.
A cartridge may be used to roll over the paper.
4. Unfold the paper.
5. The silicone adhesive must have a homogeneous colour.
If you see white or deep-black stripes, or pronounced light-gray marbling, the adhesive
is not properly mixed or an insufficient amount of material was discharged after the last
shutdown. Never use such material for bonding. To eliminate the defect, follow the
equipment manufacturer’s instructions.
If a static mixer is in use, it has to be cleaned or replaced.
6. After an adequate curing time, double-check the mixing quality by cutting open the
thicker centre section of the adhesive and checking it for streaks and marbling.

Picture 6: Positive test = ideal mixing Picture 7: Negative test = inadequate mixing

6.4 Pot Life (Snap Time) Testing (2-part products only)

1. Extrude 30 - 75 ml freshly mixed silicone adhesive Sikasil® SG-500 / SG-500 CN / SG-
550 (purge mixer sufficiently) from the machine into a small plastic cup, e.g. made of
polyethylene [4].
2. Stir it briefly and vigorously with a wooden spatula [5]. Then start timer [3].
3. After 30 min. stir the past briefly and pull out the spatula quickly with its flat side l
perpendicular to the paste.
4. Repeat this operation every 5 minutes.
If the vigorous stirring is repeated too often, especially at the beginning of the test, the
build-up of mechanical strength is disturbed and simulates a longer pot life.
5. The pot life or snap time is the time from extrusion of the silicone adhesive until the
point at which it no longer forms long strings (picture 8) when the spatula is removed,
but breaks off in short lengths (picture 9).
6. The measured value should not deviate by more than ± 25% from the pot life indicated
in the certificate of analysis supplied with each batch of product. Please be aware of the
fact that the snap time strongly depends on the temperature of the material. For
Sikasil® SG-550 the snap time also can depend on the method of mixing. Hand mixed
material can have a longer snap time than mixtures from the statik mixer.

Picture 8: Material shows paste-like behaviour: Picture 9: Material shows rubber-like behaviour:
snap time not yet reached snap time reached

6.5 Skin-over Time and Tack-free Time (1-part products only)

With one-part silicone adhesives, check the skin-over time and tack-free time as follows:
1. Apply with a spatula about 30 g of the adhesive to paper or film in a thickness of about
3 to 4 mm and start timer [3].
2. Test every three minutes whether the adhesive surface has changed by probing with a
clean finger tip.
Skin-over time is the point at which the adhesive no longer sticks to the finger (picture 10 - 12)
Tack-free time is the point at which the surface feels dry (no longer tacky).
The skin-over time and tack-free time given in the Product Data Sheets were determined
under standard climatic conditions (23°C / 73°F, 50% relative humidity). Higher tempera-
ture and higher humidity reduce the skin-over time and tack-free time.
If there are drastic deviations (more than ± 50%) from the values given in the certificate
of analysis, stop bonding and consult the Technical Service Department of Sika Industry.
Pictures 10 - 12: Press the finger tip lightly on the adhesive and lift off. The skin time is the point at which
the adhesive no longer sticks to the finger (image on the right).
6.6 Shore A Hardness

Check the Shore A hardness according to ISO 868 using a conventional trailer pointer device [9].
The test specimens must have a smooth, flat surface and a thickness of at least 6 mm. Use doctor
blade [6] for finishing at the right seal height. This Shore A hardness measurement is an indication
of a correct mixing ratio and thru-cure speed. The minimum Shore A hardness of Sikasil® structural
glazing adhesives after 24 hours (2-part adhesives) and 72 hours (1-part adhesives), respectively
at room temperature is indicated in table 5.

Table 5: Shore A hardness of Sikasil® SG adhesives after 24 hours (2-part adhesives)

and 72 hours (1-part adhesives) respectively
Product Shore A Hardness
2-part adhesives
Sikasil® SG-500 ≥ 30
Sikasil® SG-500 CN ≥ 25
1-part adhesives
The above mentioned values were determined at 23°C (73°F) / 50% relative humidity.
Since temperature and – for 1-component products also humidity – have a significant
influence on the curing speed of condensation-curing silicone adhesives, actual Shore
A hardness values may vary with factory conditions.
6.7 Peel Adhesion Test

1. Extrude a bead of Sikasil® SG of at least 15 cm length onto a clean substrate of original
material (pre-treatment exactly as in production line).
2. Draw a template/doctor blade [6] over the bead to ensure its uniform size
(about 15 mm wide and 6 mm high).
3. Store the test specimens at room temperature for 24 hours (2-part products) and
72 hours (1-part products), respectively.
4. Carry out the test by cutting approx. 3 cm of one end of the bead from the substrate
with a sharp knife or glass scraper [7].
5. Fold back the loose end at an acute angle of about 30°, and try to detach the cured
rubber from the substrate.
6. If the cured silicone cannot be detached, use the knife or glass scraper to cut it through
to the substrate (picture 13) several times while still pulling.
7. Repeat this procedure until at least 50% of the bead length has been tested.
After 24 hours and 72 hours, respectively, the bead must not detach from the substrate during pull-
ing (i.e. 100 % cohesive failure).

Picture 13: Peel adhesion test
6.8 Tensile Adhesion Tests on H-specimens

H-test specimens with a joint dimension of 12 x 12 x 50 mm are produced for the tensile test. For
this purpose, use original materials that have been pre-treated like on the production line.
1. Fix the glass and/or metal (use original material specified in project) test specimens to
be bonded, with spacers [8] and, if applicable, distance pieces (picture 14, 15) such that
a joint measuring 12 x 12 x 50 mm can be filled (picture 16). For 1-part adhesives wrap
an e-PTFE tape around the spacers before assembly.
2. Prepare at least 2 bubble-free test specimens per test series with Sikasil® silicone
adhesive. Remove excess material with a spatula [5] or other tool (picture 17).
3. Demold the test specimen after storage at room temperature (remove spacers,
adhesive tape or clamps, picture 18).
4. Determine the mechanical parameters (tensile strength) after at least 72 hours (2-
part products) and 21 days (1-part products) by means of a tensile testing equipment
(pulling speed: 5 mm/min) or other suitable apparatus (e.g. Roman Scale, picure 21).
If a tensile strength of less than 0.7 N/mm2 (Sikasil® SG-550: 1.0 N/mm2) is attained
consult to Sika before continuing. The failure mode must be at least 95% cohesive.
In absence of local standards, Sikasil® products should meet the minimum values given in Table 6,
line 7.
For details regarding this tensile adhesion test please refer to Sika’s Corporate Quality Procedure
CQP 555-1 which is available upon request.


Picture 14: Spacers, e-PTFE tape Picture 15: Arrangement and fixation of the
(tape necessary for 1-component samples with a rubber band and tape
adhesives) and substrate pieces
(e.g. glass)

Picture 16: Injection of the silicone Picture 17: Removal of excess of silicone adhesive
adhesive into the joint


Picture 18: Remove spacers after 1 day Picture 19: Alternative test arrangement
Remove e-PTFE tape after (suitable for profiles)
7 days (1-part adhesives).
Picture 20: Dimensions of PTFE jig for alternative

test arrangement
Tensile test equipment “Roman Scale”
A Roman Scale (see picture 21) allows silicone applicators to test sealant cure and adhesion with
a low cost equipment. The weight applied to the specimen is equal to the weight (W) on the scale
plate times the ratio of b/a. According to EOTA ETAG 002 the tensile strength at rupture should
be a minimum of 0.70 MPa. This value corresponds to strength applied to the test specimen of
12 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 N/mm2 = 420 N and to a load of 42 kg (SG-550: 60 kg). In case of a b/a
ratio of 10, a weight of 4.2 kg (SG-550: 6 kg) should be applied to the plate (W). This load should
be applied for 10 seconds with neither adhesive nor cohesive failure of the specimen. If no rupture
occurs, you may incrementally add 0.5 kg to the scale until the H-piece ruptures. Record the load
at rupture and percent cohesive failure observed on the test samples in the quality control logbook.

Picture 21: Roman scale for tensile test
6.9 Visual Inspection

Each bonded element should be inspected visually in order to avoid mistakes in installation and
adhesive application. The following criteria should be checked for each panel:
- Correct joint dimensioning according to the drawings [10, 11]

- Complete joint filling according to drawings, eventually deglazing necessary (see 6.10)
- No bubble inclusions and marble defects in the joint [12]
- Correct installation of spacer tapes, gaskets, setting blocks, dead load support (if
applicable).
6.10 Deglazing
The main purpose of this deglazing test is to identify joints that are inadequately filled as a result
of difficult joint design (deep, narrow or L-shaped joints). Deglazing should be carried out before
moving the bonded elements to the jobsite or when the adhesive has cured completely throughout.
The number units to be tested and frequency of deglazing tests should be coordinated with Sika.
A suggested frequency is the following deglazing scheme:
- 1 panel of the first 10 panels

- 1 panel of the next 40 panels
- 1 panel of the next 50 panels
- 1 panel of every 100 panels
1. Using a sharp knife (e.g. Stanley or carpet knife), cut out an adhesive tab down as
far as the spacer tape or spacer gasket. Cut as close as possible to the glass/metal
interface so that approx. 1 to 2 mm of adhesive remains on the adhesive surfaces:
Make one cut perpendicular to the joint and two cuts approximately 10 cm apart parallel
to the glass and metal.

2. Pull the adhesive tab out of the joint at a 90° angle. The adhesive must tear 100%
cohesively. It must not detach from either of the two adhesive surfaces and must not
show any air bubbles. Inspect thru-cure of joint and mixing quality.
3. Check the joint dimensions and compare with values provided in the drawings and
approved by Sika. Notify the Technical Service Department of Sika Industry immediately
if the joint dimensions do not match the definitions in the drawing.
4. Immediately after the test, reseal the cut-out joint using the same adhesive as originally
used in the unit . Prior cleaning is not necessary if the cut surfaces are clean and
smooth, and sealing is carried out immediately after the test. When the repair adhesive
has completely cured, the element can be installed in the façade (see chapter 5).
5. In the case of L-shaped or very deep joints, Sika recommends completely cutting out
the glass pane and removing it. This allows a more accurate check on joint filling and air
inclusions (picture 22, 23).

Picture 22: Good adhesion, deglazing test positive Picture 23: Adhesive failure, deglazing test negative
The use of the deglazing report with local Sika letter head and company address is mandatory for
Sika technicians. Customers may use the forms on page 32 and 33 as a master copy and are asked
to note if no Sika technician has supervised the deglazing procedure.

6.11 Repair Glazing

If glass in a structural glazing unit breaks during transport or installation, it should be replaced in
the factory if possible, since conditions here are more suitable. Already installed structural glazing
units must only be removed from the façade by trained employees exercising extreme care. Always
follow Sika structural glazing processing guidelines.
1. Cut out the broken pane so that about 1 - 2 mm of silicone adhesive remains on the
metal frame (picture 24). Never scratch out the adhesive completely, since this could
damage the metal surface. For complicated designs and joint geometries, vibration
cutters or similar tools can be used. The cut must be absolutely smooth and must never
leave loose adhesive parts on the cut surface. Remove the spacer tape completely.
2. Never clean the adhesive surface on the adhesive if a new pane is to be inserted and
bonded immediately after one has been cut out. If the pane is not to be installed until
later, it may be necessary to clean with Sika® Cleaner P. Since silicone can absorb
solvent, clean very carefully using a cloth only sparingly moistened with cleaner. Allow
the cleaner to evaporate completely before re-bonding. We do not recommend priming
the cut surface. Pre-treat the glass as required in the lab report.
3. The cleaning step can be avoided by cutting out the glass very close to the glass
surface. The metal frame can then be transported or stored for longer periods. Just
before re-bonding, neatly cut away the old adhesive with a sharp blade, leaving behind
about 2 mm thickness. You can then re-bond on the smooth, freshly cut surface.
4. Factory re-bonding: Always clean the glass to Sika’s specifications before bonding.
Then install the new spacer tape (and new setting blocks if necessary). Position the
new glass pane and fill the joint as described in chapter 4. The new adhesive must be
approved by Sika by means of adhesion tests (It is usually the same adhesive as used
for bonding in the first place).
5. Re-bonding in the curtain wall: If bonding must be carried out in the façade, a one-part
adhesive can also be used on an old two-part adhesive. Contact Sika if you intend
to use a two-part adhesive on site. Before removing the temporary clamps fixing the
panes, check on test specimens that adhesion has developed fully and that the silicone
adhesive has cured throughout. In general, the clamps can be removed:
- In the case of two-part adhesives: after 3 days
- In the case of one-part adhesives: after 21 days.
6. Only install the weather sealant after the structural glazing adhesive has cured
completely. Use the sealant originally recommended by Sika for this purpose.

Picture: 24: Cutting out the glass pane. Remove carefully loose adhesive parts on the cut surface

6.12 Recommended Basic Quality Control Scheme
Table 6: Scheme for factory quality control

Test Chapter Substrate Frequency Remark / Detailed Requirement
Description
Before production
1 Mixing Ratio by weight 6.1 n/a • daily before start of Only for 2-part products Sikasil® SG-500 &
production Sikasil® SG-500 CN
• each time base (A) or 11.7:1 to 14.3:1 (A:B) by weight
catalyst (B) are changed Sikasil® SG-550 CN
11.2:1 to 13.7:1 (A:B) by weight
2 Snap Time 6.4 n/a • daily before start of Only for 2-part products, Sikasil® SG-500: 30 - 70 min
production required values only valid for Sikasil® SG-500 CN: 40 - 80 min
• each time base (A) or 23°C Sikasil® SG-550: 40 - 100 min
catalyst (B) are changed (Stain free time)
3 Marble/Butterfly Test 6.2 & 6.3 n/a • daily before start of Only for 2- part products No white or deep black stripes,
- 27 -
production no marbling
• at restart after base
purge
• each time base (A) or
catalyst (B) are changed
4 Skin-over Time 6.5 n/a • daily before start of Only for 1- part products, Sikasil® SG-18: 15 - 45 min
production required values only valid for Sikasil® SG-20: 5 - 35 min
• each time a new batch 23°C / 50% relative humidity
is used
© Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG


Table 6 (cont.): Scheme for factory quality control
Test Chapter Substrate Frequency Remark / Detailed Description Requirement
Before production
5 Shore A hardness 6.6 n/a • 2x daily before start of After 24 hours @ room Sikasil® SG-500: ≥ 30
production temperature Sikasil® SG-500 CN: ≥ 25
• - each time base (A) or Sikasil® SG-550: ≥ 40
catalyst (B) are changed Sikasil® SG-18: ≥ 15
Sikasil® SG-20: ≥ 12
6 Peel Adhesion 6.7 Glass* & 1 specimen After 24 hours (2-part products) 95% cohesive failure
Frame* • daily before start of or 72 hours (1-part products) in
production the factory (same conditions as
• each time base (A) or bonded elements are stored)
catalyst (B) are changed
7 Tensile Adhesion 6.8 Glass* & 2 specimens After 72 hours (2-part products) ≥ 0.7 N/mm2 & 95% cohesive failure
(H-specimen) Frame* • daily before start of or 21 days (1-part products) in (for Sikasil® SG-500, Sikasil® SG-
production the factory (same conditions as 500 CN, Sikasil® SG-18,
- 28 -
• each time base (A) or bonded elements are stored) Sikasil® SG-20,
catalyst (B) are changed ≥ 1.0 N/mm2 & 95% cohesive failure
(for Sikasil® SG-550)
8 Visual Inspection 6.9 Panel Each day and each panel Check for: Joint dimensions correspond to
assembled • complete joint filling drawings; no gas inclusions are
according to drawings allowed; accessories must be
• bubble inclusions in the installed according to drawings
joint
• correct installation of
spacer tapes, gaskets,
setting blocks, dead load
support (if applicable)
* For peel adhesion test and tensile adhesion test use substrates originally used in project.

6.13 Recommendations for Logbook Content

The production/quality control logbook for structural glazing should contain the following information:
General
- Project/job name
- Date
- Production line designation (if applicable)
Panel Information
- Curtain wall panel code
- Progressive number (indicate 1st panel after change of structural silicone base (A) or
catalyst (B) change
- Place of panel installation in the curtain wall
Bonding Substrate & Surface Pre-treatment Information

- Metal frame finish (anodized, PPC, PVDF, stainless steel)
- Type of glass (float, enamel coated, pyrolithic coating)
- Type of cleaning agent for frame and glass
- Batch numbers and expiry dates for cleaning agents
- If applicable: type of primer or activator for frame and/or glass
- Batch numbers and expiry dates for primer or activator
Structural Silicone & Mixer Cleaner Information

- Type of structural silicone
- Batch numbers and expiry dates of structural silicone (A and B in case of 2-part
products)
- Type of mixer cleaner (usually: Sikasil® Mixer Cleaner)
- Batch numbers and expiry dates for mixer cleaner
Factory Conditions
- Temperature: 5 - 40°C (40 - 105°F)
- Relative humidity: no restrictions, if B-part is sufficiently protected
Quality Control Results

- Mixing ratio in parts (morning / (afternoon) / change of base or catalyst)
- Snap time (morning / (afternoon) / change of base or catalyst) and
skin-over time, respectively in minutes
- Butterfly test (morning / afternoon / change of base or catalyst/after base purge):
100 % = no marbling

Product Quality Control of 2-part Sikasil® Structural Glazing Adhesives
Project: ________________________________Theoretical pot life time [min]:______________________
Adhesive: ______________________________Theoretical Shore A hardness:___________________________
Date Time Temperature/ Batch Mixing ratio Butter- Pot life Adhesion Adhesion Shore Remarks Sample
relative humidity numbers by weight fly test time test on test on A hard- taken
[min] glass frame ness by
- 30 -
This form may be used as master copy

Product Quality Control of 1-part Sikasil® Structural Glazing Adhesives
Project: ________________________________Theoretical skin-forming time [min]:______________________
Adhesive: ______________________________Theoretical Shore A hardness:___________________________
Date Time Temperature/ Batch numbers Skin-forming Adhesion test Adhesion test Shore A Remarks Sample
relative humidity time [min] on glass on frame hardness taken by
- 31 -
This form may be used as master copy

Structural Glazing – Factory Audit Report
General information
Customer: Date of deglazing:
Project name: Project location:
Panel ID: Date of production:
Sika products
Cleaner: Batch #:
Activator: Batch #:
Primer: Batch #:
Sealant: Batch #: A:
Batch #: B:
Quality Control recorded by customer at production date

Temperature: Humidity:
Butterfly test: Mixing ratio:
Adhesion on glass: Adhesion on frame:
Deglazing test
Mixing of silicone: Shore A:
Adhesion on glass: Adhesion on frame:
Calculated joint size: Measured joint size:
Remarks

Documentation attached: Photographs attached:
Summary: You have requested us to inspect your factory for a deglazing of facade elements
for above mentioned project and we are pleased to confirm the following based on our visit of
__________________________________(Name of auditor)
● Application of the above mentioned Sika products has been effected in accordance with
our written recommendations.
Yes: ¨ No: ¨
● Visible defects detected in Sika’s products as applied:
Yes: ¨ No: ¨
● Air pockets detected:
Yes: ¨ No: ¨
● Deglazing approved:
Yes: ¨ No: ¨
● Deglazing approved with limitations (see Remarks)
Yes: ¨ No: ¨
● Deglazing disapproved (see Remarks)
Yes: ¨ No: ¨
Location: __________________________ Date _____________
Sika Engineering Silicones S.r.l. Customer
With the signature the customer confirms the correct use of the aforementioned batches of Sika
products according to Sika’s latest product data sheets and SG application guidelines.
Important note:
Please note that the above conclusions are based only on a visual inspection of the actual status of
the production line and the works executed as seen during our visit. Our responsibility is therefore
limited to the results of our visual inspection and does not imply any further responsibility as to
Sika’s products and their correct application by any third party.

Notes

Notes

Legal Notes
The information contained herein and any other advice are given
in good faith based on Sika‘s current knowledge and experience
of the products when properly stored, handled and applied under
normal conditions in accordance with Sika‘s recommendations.
The information only applies to the application(s) and product(s)
expressly referred to herein and is based on laboratory tests which
do not replace practical tests. In case of changes in the parameters
of the application, such as changes in substrates etc., or in case
of a different application, consult Sika‘s Technical Service prior to
using Sika products. The information contained herein does not
relieve the user of the products from testing them for the intended
application and purpose. All orders are accepted subject to our
current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always refer to the
most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product
concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.
Sika Services AG
Corporate BU Industry
Tueffenwies 16
CH-8048 Zurich
Switzerland
Tel. +41 58 436 40 40
Fax +41 58 436 54 07
e-mail: [email protected]
www.sika.com/ses

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General Guidelines

Structural Silicone Glazing with

1. Design and Joint Dimensioning 5

2. Working Place Conditions 5

3. Surface Pre-treatment and Masking 5

3.1 Application of Sika® Cleaner P and Sika® Cleaner G&M 6

3.2 Application of Sika® Aktivator-205 (formerly Sika® Cleaner-205) 7

3.3 Application of Sika® Primer-790 8

3.4 Masking of Areas Adjacent to the Joints 8

4. Processing and Product Application 8

4.1 Two-component Structural Silicone Adhesives 8

4.2 One-component Structural Silicone Adhesives 11

4.3 Encapsulation of Structural Glazing Adhesives 12

5. Movement of Bonded Elements 13

6.1 Testing the Mixing Ratio (2-part products only) 15

6.2 Marble Test for Homogeneity (2- part products only) 15

6.3 Butterfly Test for Homogeneity (2-part products only) 16

6.4 Pot Life (Snap Time) Testing (2-part products only) 17

6.5 Skin-over Time and Tack-free Time (1-part products only) 18

6.6 Shore A Hardness 18

6.7 Peel Adhesion Test 19

6.8 Tensile Adhesion Tests on H-specimens 20

6.9 Visual Inspection 23

- 2 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

6.11 Repair Glazing 25

6.12 Recommended Basic Quality Control Scheme 27

6.13 Recommendations for Logbook Content 29

Structural Glazing – Factory Audit Report 32

- 3 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

Purpose and General Information

- Sikasil® SG-500 2-part SG adhesive, ETA and CE certified

Sikasil® adhesives in highly demanding and critical applications, such as structural

Picture 1: General Health and Safety Instructions

- 4 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

1. Design and Joint Dimensioning

2. Working Place Conditions

3. Surface Pre-treatment and Masking

- 5 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

Table 1: Overview of Pre-treatments

Substrate Surface Pre-treatment

Float glass (including tempered, toughened,

Ceramic-coated (enamelled) glass Sika® Aktivator-205*

Anodized aluminium Sika® Cleaner P or

3.1 Application of Sika® Cleaner P and Sika® Cleaner G&M

3. Repeat this procedure until the surface is clean.

- 6 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

3.2 Application of Sika® Aktivator-205 (formerly Sika® Cleaner-205)

- 7 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

3.3 Application of Sika® Primer-790

3.4 Masking of Areas Adjacent to the Joints

4. Processing and Product Application

4.1 Two-component Structural Silicone Adhesives

4.1.1 Preparatory Work

- 8 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

3. Start operations carefully following the instructions of the equipment supplier.

- 9 - © Version 3 (01/2012) / Sika Services AG

Sikasil® SG-500 approx. 7 - 9 min approx. 7 min

Sikasil® SG-500 CN approx. 10 - 12 min approx. 9 min

Sikasil® SG-550 approx. 9 - 11 min approx. 9 min

Project: __________Theoretical pot life time [min]:

Adhesive: ____Theoretical Shore A hardness:_

Project: __________Theoretical skin-forming time [min]:

Adhesive: ____Theoretical Shore A hardness:_