CBSE

Class 11 Mathematics
NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Chapter 1
Sets

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Write the following sets in the roster form:

(i) A={x:x ∈ R, 2x+11=15}

(ii) B= {x|x2=x, x∈ R}

(iii) C= {x |x is a positive factor of a prime number P}

Sol. (i) Given that: A= {x:x ∈ R, 2x+11=15}

∴ 2x+11=15 ⇒ 2x=15-11 ⇒ 2x=4 ⇒ x=2

Hence, A= {2}

(ii) Given that: B= {x|x2=x, x ∈ R}

∴ x2=x ⇒ x2-x=0 ⇒ x(x-1)=0

∴ x=0, x=1

Hence, B= {0, 1}

(iii) Given that: C={x |x is a positive factor of a prime number P}

So, the positive factors of prime number P are 1 and P.

Hence, C= {1, P}

2. Write the following sets in the roster form:

(i) D= {t|t3 =t, t ∈ R}

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(iii) F= {x|x4-5x2+6= 0, x ∈ R}

Sol. (i) Given that: D= {t|t3=t, t ∈ R}

∴ t3=t

⇒ t3-t= 0 ⇒ t(t2-1)= 0

⇒ t(t-1)(t+1)=0 ⇒ t=0, t=1, t=-1

Hence, D={-1, 0, 1}

(ii) Given that:

⇒ 3w+9=w-2 ⇒ 3w-w=-2-9

⇒ 2w=-11 ⇒

Hence,

(iii) Given that: F= {x|x4-5x2+6= 0, x ∈ R}

∴ x4-5x2+6=0 ⇒ x4-3x2-2x2+6=0

⇒ x2(x2-3)-2(x2-3)=0 ⇒ (x2-2)(x2-3)=0

⇒ x2-2=0 and x2-3=0

⇒ and

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3. IF Y={x|x is a positive factor of the number 2P-1(2P-1), where 2P-1 is a prime number.
Write Y in the roster form.

Sol. Given that:

Y= {x|x is a positive factor of the number 2P-1(2P-1)}

The factors of 2P-1 are 1, 2, 22, 23, 24, …, 2P-1

The factors of (2P-1) are 1,(2P-1) [ The positive factors of prime number P are 1 and P]

Hence, Y= {1, 2, 22, 23, 24, …, 2P-1,(2P-1)}

4. State which of the following statements are true and which are false. Justify your
answer.

(i) 35 ∈ {x|x has exactly four positive factors}

(ii) 128 ∈ {y| the sum of all positive factors of y is 2y}

(iii) 3∉ {x|x4-5x3+2x2-112x+6=0}

(iv) 496∉ {y| the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}

Sol. (i) Given that : 35 ∈ {x|x has exactly four positive factors}

∴ Factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7, 35

Hence, the statement (i) is ‘True’.

(ii) Given that: 128 ∈ {y| the sum of all positive factors of y is 2y}

∴ Factors of 128 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128.

Sum of all the factors =1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128

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Hence, the given statement is ‘False’.

(iii) Given that: 3∉ {x|x4-5x3+2x2-112x +6=0}

∴ x4-5x3+2x2-112x+6=0

Now for x=3, we have

(3)4 - 5(3)3+2(3)2 -112(3)+6 = 0

⇒ 81-135+18-336+6 = 0 ⇒ -366 = 0 which is not true.

So 3 cannot be an element of the given set.

Hence, statement (iii) is ‘True’.

(iv) Given that:

496 ∉ {y| the sum of all the positive factor of y is 2y}

∴ The positive factors of 496 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62, 124, 248 and 496

∴ The sum of all the positive factor of 496 =1+2+4+8+16+31+62+124+248+496=992=2×496

So 496 is an element of the given set.

Hence, the given statement is ‘False’.

5. Given L= {1, 2, 3, 4}, M= {3, 4, 5, 6} and N= {1, 3, 5} Verify that L- (M N) = (L-M) (L-
N)

Sol. Given that: L={1, 2, 3, 4}, M={3, 4, 5, 6} and N={1, 3, 5}

To verify that L- (M N) = (L-M) (L-N)

L.H.S. = L-(M N) = {1, 2, 3, 4} -

= {1, 2, 3, 4}-{1, 3, 4, 5, 6} = {2}

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(L-M) = {1, 2, 3, 4}-{3,4,5,6}={1, 2}

(L-N) = {1, 2, 3, 4}-{1, 3, 5}= {2, 4}

∴ (L-M) (L-N)= {1, 2} {2,4}={2}

L.H.S. = R.H.S.

Hence, verified.

6. If A and B are subsets of the universal set U, then show that:

(i) A⊂A B

(ii) A⊂B ⇔ A B=B

(iii) (A B)⊂A

Sol. (i) Given that: A ⊂ U and B ⊂ U

To prove A⊂A B it is enough to show that if

Let x ∈ A ⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ B⇒ x ∈ A B

Hence, A⊂(A B)

(ii) If A ⊂ B

Then let x ∈ A B

⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ B

⇒ x ∈ B

⇒ A B⊂B ….(1)

But B ⊂ A B ….(2)

From eqn. (1) and (2), we get

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Now if A B=B

Let y ∈ A ⇒ y ∈ (A B) ⇒ y ∈ B

Hence A ⊂ B

So we proved A⊂B ⇔ A B=B

(iii) Let x ∈ A B

⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ B

⇒ x ∈ A

So, A B ⊂ A.

7. Given that:

N={1, 2, 3, …, 100}, then write

(i) The subset of N whose elements are even number.

(ii) The subset of N whose elements are perfect square numbers.

Sol. We are given that: N={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …, 100}

(i) Required subset whose elements are even

= {2, 4, 6, 8,10,12,........ …,100}

(ii) Required subset whose elements are perfect squares

={1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36,49,64,81,100}

8. If X= {1, 2, 3}, if n represents any number of X, write the following sets containing all
numbers represented by

(i) 4n

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(iii)

(iv) n-1

Sol. Given that: X= {1, 2, 3}

(i) {4n|n ∈ X} = {4, 8, 12}

(ii) {n+6|n ∈ X} = {7, 8, 9}

(iii)

(iv) {(n-1)|n ∈ X}= {0, 1, 2}

9. IF Y= {1, 2, 3, …, 10} and a represents any element of Y, write the following sets,
containing all the elements satisfying the given conditions:

(i) a ∈ Y but a2 ∉ Y

(ii) a+1=6, a ∈ Y

(iii) a is less than 6 and a ∈ Y

Sol. Given that: Y= {1, 2, 3, …, 10}

(i) {a| a ∈ Y but a2 ∉ Y} = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

(ii) {a| a+1=6, a ∈ Y} = {5}

(iii) {a| a < 6 and a ∈ Y} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

10. A, B and C are subsets of universal set U. If A= {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}, B= {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} and
C= {5, 10, 15, 20} and U is the set of all whole numbers, draw Venn diagram showing the
relation of U, A, B and C.

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Where A={2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}

B= {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

and C= {5, 10, 15, 20}

11. Let U be the set of all boys and girls in a school. G be the set of all girls in the school,
B be the set of all boys in the school and S be the set of all students in the school who
takes swimming. Some but not all, students in the school take swimming. Draw a Venn
diagram showing one of the possible interrelationships among sets U, G, B and S.

Sol. Given that:

U= Set of all boys and girls.

G= Set of girls
B= Set of boys

S= Set of all students, who take swimming.

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Sol. To prove (A-B) (A-C) = A-(B C).

Let x ∈ (A-B) (A-C)

⇒ x ∈ (A-B) and x ∈ (A-C)

⇒ (x ∈ A and x ∉ B) and (x ∈ A and x ∉ C)

⇒ x ∈ A and (x ∉ B and x ∉ C)

⇒ x ∈ A and x ∉ (B C)

⇒ x ∈ A- (B C)

So (A-B) (A-C)⊂ A-(B C) ….(i)

Let y ∈ A-(B C)

⇒ y ∈ A and y ∉ (B C)

⇒ y ∈ A and (y ∉ B and y ∉ C)

⇒ (y ∈ A and y ∉ B) and (y ∈ A and y ∉ C)

⇒ y ∈ (A-B) and y ∈ (A-C)

⇒ y ∈ (A-B) (A-C)

So, A-(B C) ⊂(A-B) (A-C) …(ii)

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A-(B C) = (A-B) (A-C)

Determine whether each of the statement in exercise 13-17 is true or false. Justify your
answer.

13. For all sets A and B, (A-B) (A B) = A

Sol. L.H.S. = (A-B) (A B)

= [(A-B) A] [(A-B) B]

= A (A B) = A= R.H.S.

Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.

14. For all sets A, B and C, A-(B-C) = (A-B)-C.

Sol. Let us solve the given statement by the following Venn diagram.

Clearly from the above diagram, we calculate that

A-(B-C) ≠ (A-B)-C

Hence, the given statements is not ‘True’.

15. For all sets A, B and C, if A⊂B then A C⊂B C.

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Let x ∈ A C

⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ C

⇒ x ∈ B and x ∈ C

⇒ x ∈ (B C)

⇒ (A C)⊂(B C)

Hence, the given statement is ‘True’

16. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B then A C⊂ B C.

Sol. Suppose A⊂B

Let x ∈ A C

⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ C

⇒ x ∈ B or x ∈ C [∵ A⊂B]

⇒ x ∈ (B C) ⇒ (A C) ⊂ (B C)

Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.

17. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C then A B⊂ C

Sol. Suppose A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C

Let x ∈ A B

⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ B

⇒ x ∈ C or x ∈ C [∵ A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C]

⇒ x ∈ C ⇒ A B ⊂ C

Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.

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Sol. L.H.S.= A (B-A) = A (B A’) [∵ A-B=A B’]

= (A B) ( A A’) [ distributive law ]

= (A B) U [∵ A A’ = U]

= (A B) = R.H.S [∵ A U = A]

Hence, the given statement is proved.

19. For all sets A and B, A-(A-B)= A B.

Sol. L.H.S. = A-(A-B) = A-(A B’) [∵ A-B=A B’]

=A (A B’)’=A [A’ (B’)’] [∵ (A B)’=A’ B’]

=A (A’ B) [∵ (A’)’=A]

=(A A’) (A B) = Φ (A B) [A A’ = Φ ]

=A B = R.H.S.

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.

20. For all sets A and B, A-(A B) = A-B.

Sol. L.H.S.= A-(A B) = A (A B)’ [∵ A-B=A B’]

= A (A’ B’) [∵ (A B)’=A’ B’]

= (A A’) (A B’) [ distributive law ]

= Φ (A-B) [∵ A A’ = Φ and A-B=A B’]

= (A-B)=R.H.S.

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.

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Sol. L.H.S. (A B)-B= (A B) B’ [∵ A-B=A B’]

= (A B’) (B B’) [ distributive law ]

= (A-B) Φ [∵ A A’=Φ and A-B=A B’]

=( A-B )=R.H.S.

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.

22. Let . Is T an empty set? Justify your answer.

Sol. Given that:

∴ T= {10}

Hence, T is not an empty set.

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