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Refractories for Steel Making

Chosun Refractories. Co., Ltd.

http://www.chosunref.co.kr
Contents

Refractories for Steel Making Process

Flow control system for Steel Making Process

Countermeasure against Working Condition

Contents

Refractories for Steel Making Process

Flow control system for Steel Making Process

Countermeasure against Working Condition

Refractories for Continuous Casting

1 Ladle slide gate

2 Ladle shroud nozzle

3 Mono block stopper

4 T/D Slide gate

5 Submerged entry nozzle

1 Ladle slide gate
The slide gate refractories should be equipped with suitable designed feature, machinery precision
durability and being subjected to severe operating conditions such as thermal shock and abrasion.
In addition, it can control the pouring rate of molten steel to guarantee the safe operation.
· Higher productivity.
· Energy saving.
· Better quality.
· Safety with reduced cost.

Ladle Sliding gate plate Tundish Sliding gate plate

o Materials have high o Materials have high

resistance to erosion resistance to erosion
oxidation and spalling oxidation and spalling

o Cracks are prevented by o Cracks are prevented by

the hot banding of thicks the hot banding of thicks
steel around the plate steel around the plate

o Cracks and oxidation are o Porous upper nozzle

prevented by the metal have small and uniform
case of thicks steel pores for prevented
around the nozzle clogging
The type of sliding gate plate
Plate for generial ladle Plate for Closed Start Plate for Special Steel

Technology Plate for generial ladle Plate for Closed Start Plate for Special Steel
Application Generial ladle & tundish Tundish Special ladle & tundish
Al2O3-C one body
Al2O3-ZrO2-C Al2O3-C
Material base MgO-C insert
Al2O3-C Al2O3-ZrO2-C
ZrO2 insert
Argon blowing - Upper & Middle -
Life (ch) 5~10 5~15 4~8
 The map of material for sliding plate
Thermal Spalling Resistance → Good

ZrO2-C

For High［Ca］steel

Corrosion Resistance → Good

2 Ladle shroud

Ar Socket : Air sealing by Ar gas

Flange :
Metallic Can : 1. High strength
2. Resistance to oxydation
Protect neck part from
mechanical stress

Body :
1. Resistance to thermal shock
2. Abrasion resistance to moltel steel stream

Submerged part :
1. Resistance to thermal shock
2. Corrosion resistance to slag

Tundish flux
Resistant material
Air sealing at Ladle shroud

About air sealing at the ladle shroud,The right

side chart shows how much you can reduce
N2 pick up into steel.
Chosun offers several kinds of ladle shroud
as a countermeasure of air infiltration.

Butt-type Porous-type Metal Slit-type

Profile

- Non-Ar (or Extra Tool) - Injection Ar gas through - Injection Ar gas through the
Sealing
- Required high device porous part gap between shroud and
method metal can
pressure
High thermal shock resistance ladle shroud

《Effect of oxidized layer in boreside 》

Thermal Stress(Index)
Oxidised layer

Oxidised Depth(mm)

When the ladle shroud is used without preheating,

ΔT1 ≫ ΔT2
High thermal shock resistance of ladle shroud is
needed.
ΔT1 : Without oxidized layer CHOSUN ladle shroud which has oxidized layer in
ΔT2 : With oxidized layer bore side can reduce thermal stress up to 40% in
starting of pouring steel stream
3 Mono Block Stopper

Steel nut :
1. Fixed with device tightly

Slag Line
1. Corrosion resistance to tundish
flux

Body :
1. High strength
2. Thermal shock resistance

Ar injection part: Nose

1. Guarantee steady Ar injection 1. Abrasion and corrosion
rate resistance to molten steel stream
2. Anti-clogging material
3. Special AlN containing material
for free cutting steel
Join method between device and stopper

Join by pin :
the simple method with a pin placed transversely
through both components, and secondary there is the
screw-on method with a refractory thread.

Join by nut :
the screw-on method with a refractory thread.
4 Porous upper nozzle

To suppress nozzle clogging, by non-metallic inclusions, upper nozzle is equipped proper

air-permeability by control of particle size distribution and pore size.
CHOSUN offers upper nozzle which is a high-purity composition with very fine uniform pores.
· Uniform permeability and porosity diameter
· Non-clogging and Non-gas leakage
· Better quality.

Concept Type

Materials
-. Non-Clogging
Groove Slit Channel
(Al2O3, Mullite, Al2O3-ZrO2 material)

-. Fine from large to porosity diameter

(7~40㎛)

Structure
-. Argon blowing Structure
(Groove, Slit)
One layer Two layer
-. Non-gas leakage
(Sealing and coating material)
-. Non-porous type (Channel)
5 Submerged Entry
Nozzle
Flange :
1. High strength
2. Resistance to oxydation

Ar Socket Body :
1. Resistance to thermal shock
2. Abrasion resistance to moltel
steel stream

Bore
ZG Band :
1.Porous material is arrayed for Ar
1. Corrosion resistance to mold
gas injection.
powder
-.ZrO2 75% , 79% & 82% grade
5 Submerged Entry
Nozzle
Flange :
1. Corrosion & abrasion resistnace to
molten steel stream

Body :
1. Resistance to thermal shock
resistance

ZG Band :
1. Corrosion resistance to mold
Bore & outlet part liner : powder
1. Array anti-clogging material -.ZrO2 75% , 79% & 82% grade
-. Carbonless (Al2O3-MgO)
-. Self cleaning (CaO-ZrO2-C)
Tools for robust design

example of simulation
【Water model】 result

【3-D FEM】

【3D-FLOW】

CHOSUN design expertise combined with finite elements methods ,water model and 3D-flow
assure the security of operation
 Purging Plug
Product characteristics Product test

· Water model test · Pore size distribution

• High life time
Upper
cone • Good gas purging

• High infiltration
Lower resistance

Pore size distribution

cone

• High wear
Sleeve resistance
castable
• Safety design
Diameter microns

Use of porous plug

L/D capacity Life time (ch) Height (mm)

150ton 40 430

120ton 40 430

100ton 30 370

80ton 20 265
 LADLE SHROUD OPERATING CONDITION (2010)

Ladle Casting time Life

No. Customer-CCM Strand Remarks
(ton) (min/heat) (heat)
1 100 1 45~55 5.7
2 100 4 40~55 6.8
3 100 6 45~55 5.5
4 250 2 45~55 6.3
5 250 2*2 45~55 5.5
POSCO
6 90 1 50~55 6.3
7 95 1 50 4.3
8 90 1 50~60 6.8
KOREA 9 250 4*2 40~50 5
10 250 4*2 40~50 5
1 80 5 55~60 20
HYUNDAI 2 100 3 50~60 20
3 120 6 50~60 20
1 30 1 50~60 3
POSCO SS
2 100 6 50~60 6
1 90 3 40~55 12
SeAH
2 90 2 40~55 15
INDONESIA KRAKATAU STEEL
 SEN OPERATING CONDITION-1 (2010)

Ladle Casting time Life

No. Customer-CCM Strand Remarks
(ton) (min/heat) (heat)

1 100 1 45~55 5.6

2 100 4 45~55 6.8

3 100 6 45~55 5.5
4 250 2 45~55 8
5 250 2 45~55 5
6 250 2*2 45~55 5.7
7 90 1 50~55 6.3
K 8 95 1 50 4.3
O
9 90 1 50~60 6.8
R POSCO
E 10 290 2 40~50 5.5
A 11 290 2 40~50 5.5
12 290 2 33~36 5.5
13 290 2 33~36 5.8
14 290 2 33~36 5.7
15 290 2 40~50 5.7
16 290 2 40~50 5.7
17 290 2 40~50 5.7
18 100 1 30 20
 SEN OPERATING CONDITION-2 (2010)

Ladle Casting time Life

No. Customer-CCM Strand Remarks
(ton) (min/heat) (heat)

1 80 5 55~60 20~25

HYUNDAI 2 100 3 50~60 20~25

K
O 3 120 6 60 20~25
R 1 30 1 50~60 3
E POSCO SS
2 100 6 50~60 6
A
1 90 3 40~55 12
SeAH
2 90 2 40~55 15

INDONESIA KRAKATAU STEEL 1 120 1 50-60 6

 STOPPER OPERATING CONDITION (2010)

Ladle Casting time Life

Customer-CCM Strand Remarks
(ton) (min/heat) (heat)

1 100 1 45~55 5.6

2 100 4 45~55 6.8

3 90 1 50~55 6.3
POSCO 4 250 2 45~55 8

K 5 250 2 45~55 5
O 6 250 2 40~50 5.5
R
E 7 140 1 40~50 15
A 1 100 3 50~60 20~25
HYUNDAI
2 120 6 60 20~25

1 30 1 50~60 3~6
POSCO SS
2 100 6 50~60 8~12

SeAH 1 90 3 40~55 8~13

INDONESIA KRAKATAU STEEL 120 1 50~60 7

RUSSIA NLMK 155 1 40~45 7

 Supply list of Slide gate

Casting time
Work Ladle Capa.(Ton) Stroke(mm) Dia(mm) Remark
(min)
1 100 200 60 50∼55
2 300 230 90 45∼55
3 100 200 55 50∼55
4 100 200 55 50∼55
POSCO
5 100 200 55 50∼55
6 120 200 60 40∼55
7 250 230 85 40∼55
8 250 230 85 40∼55
1 75, 80 150 40 50∼60
K
2 100 200 52 50∼70
O
3 120 200 55 50∼65
R HYUNDAI
4 50, 60, 80, 90 150 35∼40 35∼55
E
5 120 200 55 45∼55
A
6 150 175 55 45∼55
1 30 120 29.5 50∼65
YK Steel
2 70 180 40 50∼55
1 30 150 50 60∼90
POSCO SS
2 100 150 55 45∼60
1 100 160 50 45∼55
DONGKUK
2 140 200 55 45∼55
KISCO 1 120 160 55 50∼55
SeAH 1 60 125 55 45∼55
 Supply list of Top & Collector Nozzle
Ladle Capa. Casting time
Work Stroke(mm) Dia(mm) Remark
(Ton) (min)
1 100 200 60 50∼55
2 300 230 90 45∼55
3 100 200 55 50∼55
4 100 200 55 50∼55
POSCO
5 100 200 55 50∼55
6 120 200 60 40∼55
7 250 230 85 40∼55
8 250 230 85 40∼55
1 75, 80 150 40 50∼60
K
2 100 200 52 50∼70
O
3 120 200 55 50∼65
R HYUNDAI
4 50, 60, 80, 90 150 35∼40 35∼55
E
5 120 200 55 45∼55
A
6 150 175 55 45∼55
1 30 120 29.5 50∼65
YK Steel
2 70 180 40 50∼55
30 150 50 60∼90
POSCO SS
100 150 55 45∼60
100 160 50 45∼55
DONGKUK
140 200 55 45∼55
KISCO 120 160 55 50∼55
SeAH 60 125 55 45∼55
Contents

Refractories for Steel Making Process

Flow control system for Steel Making Process

Countermeasure against Working Condition

1 Ladle slide gate (EG-200 Type)

EG Gate Characteristic
Easy Operation System
▪ Simple and easy assembly for refractories
<Auto tensioning system>
-. Auto tensioning system Specification
: No jig & tools required • Nozzle Dia. : Max. Ø80mm

▪ One touch SN plate clamping • Sliding stroke : 200mm >

• Size : 995(L)x570(W)x310(H)
▪ Stop position adjustment of top nozzle
• Weight : approx. 650kg
Simple Mechanism
• Face pressure : 7,500kg
▪ Low maintenance cost
2
▪ Foolproof installation & assembly
1
3
9
10

Robust Structure Design 4

▪ Increasing LSG life time

11
5
6

7
Optimized Refractory
8

▪ New shape plate designed to avoid crack

<Simple Mechanism> <One touch SN clamping>
2 Tundish slide gate (Air Tight
System)
The ATC Tundish slide gate system was designed for
air tight mechanism to avoid air aspiration.

ATC System Characteristic

Air Tight Mechanism : Increased slab quality
▪ Air tight housing
▪ Sealed driving rod Specification
SEN is directly connecting to the lower plate ▪ Bore diameter. : Max. Ø90 mm

Simple mechanism : Reduced maintenance cost ▪ Throttling stroke : 120 mm

▪ Face pressure : 3,000 kgf
Auto tensioning system with hydraulic jack
▪ Size : 580(W)x1139(L)x179(H)
on the maintenance deck. ▪ Weight : approx. 350kg1
Easy attachable & detachable hydraulic actuator
with position transducer for flow control
Backlash-free connection between cylinder and
slider
3 Tundish nozzle changer for BB/BT casting - ONQC
The ONQC system was developed to exchange tundish nozzle without interruption of casting.
The nozzle change is carried out within less than 0.5second and the steel flow can be maintained

Increased sequence length & productivity

ONQC System Characteristic
Reduced number of tudish exchange
High speed nozzle exchange : < 0.5 sec
Reduced amount of tundish skulls and
▪ Casting stop & restarting individual strand. cutting scrap.
▪ The use of different nozzle bore diameter allows Reduced tundish refractory &
to adjust the casting speed. heating cost
▪ Better flexibility to optimize any production Guaranteed optimum casting speeds
condition. of the strands.
Safe & easy loading exchange nozzle
▪ Constant high contact pressure centered
around casting hole
▪ Exchange loading system : 6 springs & clamps
-. High temperature resistant springs.

Easy and quick mounting of the ONQC to <Billet & Bloom Casting> <Beam Blank Casting>
the tundish bottom by assembly cart Specification
▪ Bore diameter. : Max. Ø22 mm
The compact & simple design of the ONQC
▪ Weight : 23 kg
▪ Light weight & simple handling ▪ Nozzle exchange time : <0.5 sec.
▪ Size : 120(H) x 250(W) x 450(L)
4 Purging plug closing system
Conventional pursing plug closer

Hinge+Bolting Type Bayonet Type Bolting Type Cotter Type

▪ Cause of molten steel leak out from the purging plug.

problems ▪ Different pursing plug assembly by operator.
▪ Hard replacement of purging plug

Solution ! ! !

CR PP Closing System : Centered Screw type

Security optimized closing system

Adjustable connection between pursing plug
and seating block
Simple handling of the CR closing system
Contents

Refractories for Steel Making Process

Flow control system for Steel Making Process

Countermeasure against Working Condition

Countermeasure [1] : Plate for ca-treated steel
Corrosion Mechanism Plate for ca-treated steel
· Excellent corrosion resistance to ca-treated steel
· Good safety and thermal shock resistance
· Hidh corrosion resistance by inserting of MgO-C
and MgO-Spinel-C , ZrO2
· Improve thermal shock and corrosion resistance

· Chemical corrosion from ca and cao oxide by one bodying of Al2O3-C

Choice of material for ca-treated steel

［ Ca ］< 25 ppm SiO2 free Al2O3-ZrO2-C or Al2O3-C Plate

［ Ca ］< 25~30 ppm MgO-Spinel-C ring insert composite plates

［ Ca ］> 30 ppm MgO-C ring insert composite plates

ZrO2-C ring insert composite plates

Countermeasure (2) : SEN Clogging

Cause of the clogging and the phenomena

High Al content in steel
Refractory supply oxygen to molten steel and it lead Al to Al2O3
SiO2(s)+C(s) → SiO(g)+CO(g)--(1)
CO(ref.) → O(Fe)+C(Fe)--------(2)
2Al(Fe)+3O (Fe) →Al2O3--------(3)

Solutions
Carbonless material CaO Containing Self cleaning
FS342 CSG613/CSG626 Petaloid

To remove the source of Self cleaning material To prevent steel

oxygen, carbon free and is arrayed in bore & stream deflection,
outlet part as liner.
silicaless material is The SEN’s bore is
It appeared to have
applied in the bore part designed like
very good anti – petaloid
as liner. It has proved clogging effect in
good performance in high Al containing
stainless steel. steel.
Self cleaning
Carbonless liner
material Petaloid
Countermeasure (3) : Reusable ladle shroud

The goals
Reduced standard deviation induce good performance
little quality change after used and it make ladle shroud reusable

ST.Dev Method Life Time Life Time

Process Product
of MOR for Strength (ch) (Sequence)
AGL421
Conventional 25 Add Metal 6~18 1~2

Raise AGS419
State-of-the-art 10 20~50 3<
mixing eficiency AG680

Usable over
AGS419
3sequences

AG680
 Countermeasure (4) : Stopper & SEN
for the special steel
Steel and the reason of refractories’ damage
API : Corrosion by Ca in steel
Free cutting steel : Oxidation by free oxygen in steel
Stainless steel : Carbon oxidation by Cr2O3 and steel infiltration

Solutions

API Free cutting steel Stainless steel

-Special material prevent the

Al2O3
CHOSUN’s stopper have much AlN containing C infiltration of stainless steel
experience in API casting and have material have AlN In casting
been leveled up continuously proved good
AlN+Al2O3+C
performance
Al2O3 Layer
MnO(FeO)•Al2O3 Layer
-STS 304 nose
Conventional Improved Conventional Improved -10h(=440min)
-Erosion speed
: 0.01mm/ch
 Countermeasure (5) : Multi-function stopper

Developed and merit

Al-killed 4ch(=167min)
1. The clogging is disappeared in the nose part and the stopper
Conventional Developed open position is kept 25mm during casting
2. The back pressure was kept 1bar uniformly
3. The mold level becomes much more stable than before to the
end of casting.

Conventional and problems awaiting solutions

Φ5 hole piercing type Porous brick type Alumina tube insert type

1. The mold level

The increase of back
fluctuation.
pressure is appeared
2. Back pressure is almost in the middle of casting.
0bar. But occasionally, This problem is caused
•Φ5 hole back pressure is
by Al2O3 clogging in
abruptly hunted up to •Alumin tube
1.The back pressure is increased the alumina tube.
3bar and down to zero 4 or 5 times to 5.1 bar as the casting goes on.
in a casting.
TTMS : Total Technical Management Service

Refractories
Installation

TTMS
Saving Customer’s Cost
Supply Repair
Stabilizing Operation
Refractories Maintenance
Lengthening Span

Profile Tapping Works

Design Support