Cost Accounting Multiple Choice Questions

Cost Accounting MCQs
Following Financial Accounting Mcqs are Collected from different Past papers
and from Accounting Mcqs Bank. These Mcqs are very helpful for
the Preparation of various posts of Senior Auditor, Junior Auditor, Accountant
and for Cost Accountant.
1. Costs that change in response to alternative courses of action are called:

a. Relevant costs
b. Differential costs
c. Target costs
d. Sunk costs
2. The cost data pertaining to Product ―X‖ of XL Ltd. are as follows :

Maximum capacity 30,000 units
Normal capacity 15,000 units
Increase in inventory 1,880 units
Variable cost per unit ` 12
Selling price per unit ` 50
Fixed manufacturing overhead costs ` 3,60,000
If the profit under Absorption costing method is ` 1,01,000, the profit under Marginal costing method
would be
a. 1,46,120
b. 1,23,560
c. 55,880
d. 73,340
3. The total cost incurred in the operation of a business undertaking other than the cost of
manufacturing and production is known as
a. Direct cost
b. Variable cost
c. Commercial cost
d. Conversion cost
4. Consider the following data for a company during the month of June 2012
Budgeted hours 4,000 Standard hours for actual production 4,400 Maximum possible hours in
the budget period 4,800 Actual hours 3,800 The activity ratio of the company during the month
is
a. 111%
b. 120%
c. 95%
d. 117%
5. Total unit costs are

a.Independent of the cost system, used to generate them
b.Needed for determining product contribution
c.Irrelevant in marginal analysis
d.Relevant for cost-volume-profit analysis
6. Which of the following bases is not appropriate for apportionment of Transport

department‘s cost ?
a. Crane hours
b. Crane value
c. Truck Mileage
d. Truck value
7. The cost of obsolete inventory acquired several years ago, to be considered in a keep vs.
disposal decision is an example of :
a.Uncontrollable cost
b.Sunk cost
c.Avoidable cost
d.Opportunity cost
8. Budgeted sales for the next year is 5,00,000 units. Desired ending finished goods inventory is
1,50,000 units and equivalent units in ending W-I-P inventory is 60,000 units. The opening
finished goods inventory for the next year is 80,000 units, with 50,000 equivalent units in
beginning W-I-P inventory How many equivalent units should be produced?
a. 5,80,000
b. 5,50,000
c. 5,00,000
d. 5,75,000
9. If the asset turnover and profit margin of a company are 1.85 and 0.35 respectively, the
return on investment is.
a. 0.65
b. 0.35
c. 1.50
d. 5.29
10. A company is currently operating at 80% capacity level. The production under normal
capacity level is 1,50,000 units. The variable cost per unit is ` 14 and the total fixed costs are `
8,00,000. If the company wants to earn a profit of ` 4,00,000, then the price of the product per
unit should be
a. 37.50
b. 38.25
c. 24.00
d. 35.00
2 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123
11. Consider the following data pertaining to the production of a company for a particular
month :
Opening stock of raw material ` 11,570
Closing stock of raw material ` 10,380
Purchase of raw material during the month ` 1,28,450
Total manufacturing cost charged to product ` 3,39,165
Factory overheads are applied at the rate of 45% of direct labour cost.
The amount of factory overheads applied to production is
a. 65,025
b. 94,287
c. 95,020
d. 1,52,624
12. The budgeted annual sales of a firm is ` 80 lakhs and 25% of the same is cash sales. If the
average amount of debtors of the firm is ` 5 lakhs, the average collection period of credit sales
months.
a. 1.50
b. 1.00
c. 0.50
d. 1.75
13. If the minimum stock level and average stock level of raw material ―A‖ are 4,000 and
9,000 units respectively, find out its reorder quantity.
a. 8,000 units
b. 11,000 units
c. 10,000 units
d. 9,000 units
14. A worker has a time rate of ` 15/hr. He makes 720 units of component (standard time : 5
minutes/ unit) in a week of 48 hours. His total wages including Rowan bonus for the week is
a. 792
b. 820
c. 840
d. 864
15. A company maintains a margin of safety of 25% on its current sales and earns a profit of `
30 lakhs per annum. If the company has a profit volume (P/V) ratio of 40%, its current sales
amount to
a. 200 lakhs
b. 300 lakhs
c. 325 lakhs
d. None of the above

16. Sale for two consecutive months, of a company are ` 3,80,000 and ` 4,20,000. The company‘s
net profits for these months amounted to ` 24,000 and ` 40,000 respectively. There is no change
in contribution/sales ratio or fixed costs. The contribution/sales ratio of the company is.
a. 1/3
b. 2/5
c. ¼
17. A Limited has fixed costs of ` 6,00,000 per annum. It manufactures a single product which
it sells for 200 per unit. Its contribution to sales ratio is 40%. A Limited‘s break-even in units is
a. 7,500
b. 8,000
c. 3,000
d. 1,500
[Hint : Break-even units = Fixed cost / contribution per unit
= ` 6,00,000/ 40% of ` 200
= 7,500]
18. The current liabilities of Akash Ltd. is ` 30,000. If its current ratio is 3:1 and Quick ratio is
1:1, the value of stock-in-trade will be
a. 20,000
b. 30,000
c. 60,000
d. Insufficient information
[Hint : Current Ratio = Current Assets = 3:1
Current Liabilities
Current Assets = ` 30,000 x 3 = ` 90,000
Quick Ratio = Quick Assets = 1:1
Quick Liabilities
Liquid assets = ` 30,000 x 1 = ` 30,000
Hence, value of stock-in-trade : CA – LA = ` (90,000 – 30,000)
= ` 60,000]
19. If the capacity usage ratio of a production department is 90% and activity ratio is 99%
then the efficiency ratio of the department is.
1. 100%
2. 120%
3. 110%
4. 105%
[Hint : Efficiency ratio (ER) = Std. hr. of production ÷ Actual hrs.
Activity ratio (AR) = Std. hrs. for production ÷ Budgeted hrs.
Capacity ratio (CR) = Actual hrs. ÷ Budgeted hrs.
Hence, ER = AR / CR = 99% / 90% = 110%]

20. In two consecutive periods, sales and profit were ` 1,60,000 and ` 8,000 respectively in the
first period and ` 1,80,000 and ` 14,000 respectively during the second period. If there is no
change in fixed cost between the two periods then P-V ratio must be.
1. 20%
2. 25%
3. 30%
4. 40%
21. Horizon Ltd. Manufactures product BM for last 5 years. The company maintains a margin
of safety of 37.5% with overall contribution to sales ratio of 40%. If the fixed cost is ` 5 lakh,
the profit of the company is
a. 24.00 laks
b. 12.50 lakh
c. 3.00 lakh
d. None of A, B, C
22. The cost-volume-profit relationship of a company is described by the equation y = `

8,00,000 + 0.60x, in which x represents sales revenue and y is the total cost at the sales volume
represented by x. If the company desires to earn a profit of 20% on sales, the required sales
will be.
a. 40,00,000
b. 35,50,000
c. 24,00,000
d. 20,00,000
23. ABC Ltd. is having 400 workers at the beginning of the year and 500 workers at the end of
the year. During the year 20 workers were discharged and 15 workers left the organization.
During the year the company has recruited 65 workers. Of these, 18 workers were recruited in
the vacancies of those leaving, while the rest were engaged for an expansion scheme. The
labour turnover rate under separation method is :
a. 22.20%
b. 7.78%
c. 4.00%
d. 14.40%
24. One of the most important tools in cost planning is:

a. Direct cost
b. Cost Sheet
c. Budget
d. Marginal Costing.
25. Economies and diseconomies of scale explain why the:

a. Short-run average fixed cost curve declines so long as output increases.

b. Marginal cost curve must intersect the minimum point of the firm's average total cost curve.
c. Long-run average total cost curve is typically U-shaped.
d. Short-run average variable cost curve is U-shaped.
26. Which of the following is not a relevant cost?

a. Replacement cost
b. Sunk cost
c. Marginal cost
d. Standard cost.
27. Which of the following is an accounting record?

a. Bill of Material
b. Bin Card
c. Stores Ledger.
d. All of these.
28. The fixed-variable cost classification has a special significance in preparation of :

a. Flexible Budget
b. Master Budget
c. Cash Budget
d. Capital Budget
29. Input in a process is 4000 units and normal loss is 20%. When finished output in the
process is only 3240 units, there is an :
a. Abnormal loss of 40 units
b. Abnormal gain of 40 units
c. Neither abnormal loss nor gain.
d. Abnormal loss of 60 units.
30. Idle capacity of a plant is the difference between:

a. Maximum capacity and practical capacity
b. Practical capacity and normal capacity
c. Practical capacity and capacity based on sales expectancy
d. Maximum capacity and actual capacity.
31. When P/V ratio is 40% and sales value is `10,000, the variable cost will be
a. 4000
b. 6000
c. 10000
d. Variable Cost cannot be calculated from data given.
32. The Forex component of imported material cost is converted

a. At the rate on the date of settlement
b. At the rate on the date of transaction
c. At the rate on date of delivery

d. None of the above.
33. Maximum possible productive capacity of a plant when no operating time is lost , is its
a. Practical capacity
b. Theoretical capacity
c. Normal capacity
d. Capacity based on sales expectancy
34. When production is below standard specification or quality and cannot be rectified by
incurring additional cost, it is called
a. Defective
b. Spoilage
c. Waste
d. Scrap
35. CAS 8 requires each type of utility to be treated as

a. Separate cost object
b. Not part of cost as not include in material
c. Not part of cost as they do not form part of product
d. Treated as administrative overheads.
36. Selling and distribution overhead does not include:

a. Cost of warehousing
b. Repacking cost
c. Transportation cost
d. Demurrage charges.
37. When overtime is required for meeting urgent orders, overtime premium should be
a. Charged to Costing Profit and Loss A/c
b. Charged to overhead costs
c. Charged to respective jobs
d. None of the above.
38. Exchange losses or gains after purchase transaction is complete is treated as

a. Product cost.
b. Overhead cost.
c. Purchase cost.
d. Finance cost
39. Selling price per unit ` 15.00; Direct Materials cost per unit ` 3.50; Direct Labour cost per
unit ` 4.00 Variable Overhead per unit ` 2.00; Budgeted fixed production overhead costs are `
60,000 per annum charged evenly across each month of the year. Budgeted production costs
are 30,000 units per annum. What is the Net profit per unit under Absorption costing method.
a. 9.50
b. 15.00
c. 11.50
d. 3.50
40. Which of the following cost is linked with the calculation of cost of inventories?
a. Product cost
b. Period cost
c. Both product and period cost
d. Historical cost
41. If, Sales = ` 800,000

Markup rate = 25% of cost
What would be the value of Gross profit?
a. 200,000
b. 160,000
c. 480,000
d. 640,000
42. Which of the following is TRUE when piece rate system is used for wage determination?
a. Under this method of remuneration a worker is paid on the basis of time taken by him to
perform the work
b. Under this method of remuneration a worker is paid on the basis of production
c. The rate is expressed in terms of certain sum of money for total production
d. The rate is not expressed in terms of certain sum of money for total production
43. The salary of factory clerk is treated as:

a. Direct labor cost
b. Indirect labor cost
c. Conversion cost
d. Prime cost
44. Average consumption x Emergency time is a formula for the calculation of:
a. Lead time
b. Re-order level
c. Maximum consumption
d. Danger level
45. EOQ is a point where:

a. Ordering cost is equal to carrying cost
b. Ordering cost is higher than carrying cost
c. Ordering cost is lesser than the carrying cost
d. Total cost is maximum
46. A worker is paid ` 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours. Keeping in view the
piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be:
a. 18 x 0.50 = ` 9
b. 18 x 7 = ` 126

c. 7 x 0.5 = ` 3.5
d. 18 x 7 x 0.50 = ` 63
47. When closing stock is over valuate, what would its effect on profit?
a. Cannot determined with given statement
b. It will Increase the profit
c. It will decrease the profit
d. No effect on profit
48. A firm sells bags for ` 14 each. The variable cost for each unit is ` 8. What is the
contribution margin per unit?
a. 6
b. 12
c. 14
d. 8
49. Which of the following is NOT true? A small company's breakeven point:
a. Occurs where its revenue equals its expenses
b. Shows entrepreneurs‘ minimum level of activity required to keep the company in operation
c. Is the point at which a company neither earns a profit nor incurs a loss
d. Total contribution margin equals total variable expenses
50. Keller Co. sells a single product for ` 28 per unit. If variable costs are 65% of sales and
fixed costs total ` 9,800, the break-even point will be:
a. 15,077 units
b. 18,200 units
c. 539 units
d. 1,000 units
51. If B Limited shows required production of 120 cases of product for the month, direct labor
per case is 3 hours at ` 12 per hour. Budgeted labor costs for the month should be:
a. 1,360
b. 1,440
c. 4,320
d. 5,346
52. Which of the following is a process by which managers analyze options available to set
courses of action by the organization?
a. Heuristics method
b. Decision making
c. The Delphi technique
d. Systematic error
53. Which of the following is not true about differential costs?

a. It is a broader concept than variable cost as it takes into account additional fixed costs
caused by management decisions
b. With the passage of time and change in situation, differential costs will vary
c. The difference in cost between buying them from outside or make them in the company is
differential cost, irrelevant for decisions
d. They are extra or incremental costs caused by a particular decision

54. Which one of the following is the Traditional approach for costing?
a. Contribution approach
b. Absorption costing approach
c. Decision making approach
d. Marginal costing approach
55. What would be the margin of safety ratio based on the following information?
Sales price = ` 100 per unit
Variable cost = ` 25 per unit
Fixed cost = ` 50 per unit
a. 25%
b. 33.333%
c. 66.666%
d. 75%
56. If:
Cost of opening finished goods ` 2,000
Cost of goods to be produced ` 6,000
Operating expenses ` 1,000.
Which of the following is the cost of goods available for sale?
a. 8,000
b. 4,000
c. 7,000
d. 9,000
57. Ahmed Corporation has sales of ` 500,000 for the period. The selling expenses are estimated
as
12% of sales. The gross profit for the period is amounting to ` 150,000.
Calculate the amount of selling expenses for the period?
a. 60,000
b. 45,000
c. 90,000
d. 210,000
58. Which of the following would be considered to be an investment centre?

a. Managers have control over marketing
b. Managers have a sales team
c. Managers have a sales team and are given a credit control function
d. Managers can purchase capital assets and are given a credit control function
59. Which of the following would NOT lead to an increase in net cash flow?
a. Larger sales volume
b. Higher selling price
c. Reduced material cost
d. Charging of lower depreciation
60. All of the following are features of a relevant cost EXCEPT:

a. They affect the future cost
b. They cause an increment in cost

c. Relevant cost is a sunk cost

d. They affect the future cash flows
61. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the relevant cost?
a. It is a sunk cost
b. It is an opportunity cost
c. It do not affect the decision making process
d. All costs are relevant
62. In decision making all costs already incurred in past should always be:
a. Ignored
b. Considered
c. Partially ignored
d. Partially considered
63. Which of the following statement is TRUE about historical cost?

a. It is always relevant to decision making
b. It is always irrelevant to decision making
c. It is always an opportunity cost
d. It is always realizable value
64. In cost accounting, unavoidable loss is charged to which of the following?

a. Factory over head control account
b. Work in process control account
c. Marketing overhead control account
d. Administration overhead control account
65. Merrick Differential Piece Rate Plan based on _____________piece rates is fixed.
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
66. Which of the given is (are) the method(s) of measurement of Labor Turnover?
a. Separation method
b. Flux method
c. Replacement method
d. All of the given options
67. What will be the impact of normal loss on the overall per unit cost ?
a. Per unit cost will increase
b. Per unit cost will decrease
c. Per unit cost remain unchanged
d. Normal loss has no relation to unit cost

68. Which of the given units can never become part of first department of Cost of Production
Report?
a. Units received from preceding department
b. Units transferred to subsequent department
c. Lost units
d. Units still in process
69. Details of the process for the last period are as follows:
Put into process 5,000 kg
Materials ` 2,500
Labor `700
Production overheads 200% of labor
Normal losses are 10% of input in the process. The output for the period was 4,200 Kg from
the
process. There was no opening and closing Work- in- process. What were the units of
abnormal
loss?
a. 500 units
b. 300 units
c. 200 units
d. 100 units
70. ABC Company makes a single product which it sells for ` 20 per unit. Fixed costs are `
75,000 per
month and product has a profit/volume ratio of 40%. In that period actual sales were `
225,000.
Required: Calculate ABC Company Break Even point in `
a. 187, 500
b. 562, 500
c. 1,500,000
d. None of the given options
71. All of the following are the features of fixed costs EXCEPT:
a. Although fixed within a relevant range of activity level but are relevant to a decision making
when it is avoidable.
b. Although fixed within a relevant range of activity level but are relevant to a decision making
when it is incremental.
c. Generally it is irrelevant
d. It is relevant to decision making under any circumstances
72. A typical factory overhead cost is:

a. Distribution
b. Internal audit
c. Compensation of plant manager

d. Design
73. An average cost is also known as:

a. Variable cost
b. Unit cost
c. Total cost
d. Fixed cost
74. Period costs are:

a. Expensed when the product is sold
b. Included in the cost of goods sold
c. Related to specific period
d. Not expensed
75. While calculating the EOQ, number of orders is calculated by:

a. Dividing required unit by ordered quantity
b. Multiplying the required units with ordered quantity
c. Multiplying the ordered quantity with cost per order
d. Multiplying the required units with cost per order
76. Which of the following best describe piece rate system?

a. The increased volume of production results in decreased cost of production
b. The increased volume of production in minimum time
c. Establishment of fair standard rates
d. Higher output is a result of efficient management
77. The term Cost apportionment is referred to:

a. The costs that can not be identified with specific cost centers.
b. The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific cost centers but
must be divided among the concerned department/cost centers.
c. The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific cost centers.
78. Which of the following loss is not included as part of the cost of transferred or finished
goods, but rather treated as a period cost?
a. Operating loss
b. Abnormal loss
c. Normal loss
d. Non-operating loss
79. Hyde Park Company produces sprockets that are used in wheels. Each sprocket sells for `
50 and
the company sells approximately 400,000 sprockets each year. Unit cost data for the year follows:
Direct material ` 15 Direct labor ` 10

Other cost: `5 Manufacturing `4
Distribution `7 Fixed Variable `3
Required: Identify the unit cost of sprockets under direct costing
a. 44
b. 37
c. 32
d. 35
80. When production is equal to sales, which of the following is TRUE?

a. No change occurs to inventories for either use absorption costing or variable costing methods
b. The use of absorption costing produces a higher net income than the use of variable costing
c. The use of absorption costing produces a lower net income than the use of variable costing
d. The use of absorption costing causes inventory value to increase more than they would though the
use of variable costing
Answers
1 b 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 c 6 b 7 b 8 a 9 a 10 c 11 a 12 b 13 c 14 d 15 b 16 b 17 a 18 c 19 3 20 3
21 c 22 a 23 b 24 c 25 c 26 b 27 c 28 a 29 b 30 d 31 b 32 b 33 c 34 b 35 a 36 d 37 c 38 d 39 d 40 a
41 b 42 b 43 b 44 d 45 a 46 a 47 b 48 a 49 d 50 d 51 c 52 b 53 c 54 b 55 b 56 a 57 a 58 d 59 d 60 c
61 b 62 a 63 b 64 a 65 b 66 d 67 a 68 a 69 b 70 d 71 d 72 c 73 b 74 c 75 a 76 b 77 c 78 b 79 d 80 a

81. Selling price per unit is ` 15, total variable cost per unit is ` 9, and total fixed costs are 15,000
of XIT‖. What is the breakeven point in units for ―XIT‖?
a. 3,000 units
b. 1,000 units
c. 1,667 units
d. 2,500 units
82. While constructing a Break even chart, the gap between sales line and variable cost line
shows which of the following?
a. Fixed cost
b. Break even point
c. Contribution margin
d. Variable cost
83. All of the following compose cost of goods sold EXCEPT:

a. Raw material
b. Labor
c. Capital
d. Factory overhead
84. Amount of Depreciation on fixed assets will be fixed in nature if calculated under which of
the following method?
a. Straight line method
b. Reducing balance method
c. Some of year's digits method
d. Double declining method
85. Which of the following is NOT a relevant cost to decision making?

a. Opportunity costs
b. Relevant benefits
c. Avoidable costs
d. Sunk costs
86. What would be the attitude of the management in treating Sunk costs in decision making?
a. A periodic investment of cash resources that has been made and should be relevant for
decision making
b. It is a past cost which is not directly relevant in decision making
c. Management will treat it as variable cost each time in decision making
87. Mr. Aslam is running his own personal Financial services business. He has been offered a job for
a salary of ` 45,000 per month which he does not availed. ` 45,000 will be considered as:
a. Sunk Cost
b. Opportunity cost
c. Avoidable cost
d. Historical cost
88. Which of the given cost does not become the part of cost unit?
a. Advertising expenses
b. Direct labor cost

c. Factory overhead cost

d. Cost of raw material
89. Budgeted Factory overhead at two activity levels is as follows for the period.
Activity level Budgeted factory overhead
Low 10,000 Hours ` 40,000
High 50,000 Hours ` 80,000
Required: Identify variable rate with the help of above mentioned data.
a. 4.00 per hour
b. 1.60 per hour
c. 1.00 per hour
d. 2.00 per hour
90. Which of the given cost is NOT required to prepare Cost of Production Report?
a. Period cost
b. Material cost
c. Labour cost
d. Factory overhead cost
91. Identify the FOH rate on the basis of machine hour?

a. 4.00
b. 4.08
c. 4.210
d. 4.35
92. Which of the given will NOT be included for the calculation of equivalent units of material
under weighted average costing method?
a. Opening work in process units
b. Closing work in process units
c. Unit completed and transferred out
93. The basic assumption made in direct costing with respect to fixed costs is that
a. Fixed cost is a controllable cost
b. Fixed cost is a product cost
c. Fixed cost is an irrelevant cost
d. Fixed cost is a period cost
94. The little Rock Company shows Break even sales is ` 40, 500 and Budgeted Sales is `
50,000. Identify the Margin of safety ratio?
a. 19%
b. 81%
c. 1.81%
d. Required more data to calculate
95. A machine cost ` 60,000 five years ago. It is expected that the machine will generate
future revenue of 40,000. Alternatively, the machine could be scrapped for ` 35,000. An
equivalent machine in the same condition cost 38,000 to buy now.
Required: Identify the realizable value with the help of given data.

a. 60,000
b. 40,000
c. 35, 000
d. 38,000
96. Cost of finished goods inventory is calculated by:

a. Deducting total cost from finished goods inventory
b. Multiplying units of finished goods inventory with the cost per unit
c. Dividing units of finished goods inventory with the cost per unit
d. Multiplying total cost with finished goods inventory
97. Assuming no returns outwards or carriage inwards, the cost of goods sold will be equal to:
a. Opening stock Less purchases plus closing stock
b. Closing stock plus purchases plus opening stock
c. Sales less gross profit
d. Purchases plus closing stock plus opening stock plus direct labor
98. All of the following are essential requirements of a good wage system EXCEPT:
a. Reduced labor and overhead costs
b. Reduced per unit variable costs
c. Increased production
d. Increased operating costs
99. Profit under absorption costing will be higher than under marginal costing if :
a. Produced units > Units sold
b. Produced units < Units sold
c. Produced units = Units sold
d. Profit cannot be determined with given statement
100. Good Job Plc makes one product which sells for ` 80 per unit. Fixed costs are ` 28,000 per
month and marginal costs are ` 42 per unit. What sales level in units will provide a profit of ` 10,000?
a. 350 units
b. 667 units
c. 1,000 units
d. 1,350 units
81 d 82 c 83 c 84 a
85 d 86 b 87 b 88 a 89 c 90 a 91 a
92 d 93 d 94 a 95 c 96 b 97 c 98 d
99 a 100 c

300. Which of the following is not a method of pricing raw material issues from stock?
a. Standard costing.
b. Unit cost.
c. Marginal cost.
d. Continuous weighted average.
301. Which of the following is a direct labour cost?

a. Supervisors‘salaries in the factory.
b. Costs of the payroll accounting section.
c. A bonus paid to the store man.
d. The wages of an operative paid on the basis of output achieved.
302. Production overheads are absorbed into production units by the use of an overhead absorption
rate. Which one of the following best describes how the absorption rate is calculated?
a. Total number of units produced divided by the total cost centre overheads.
b. Total number of units produced multiplied by the unit overhead cost.
c. Total cost centre overheads divided by the cost centre activity level.
d. Total indirect costs for the business divided by the total number of units produced.
[Hint : (d) would produce an overhead absorption rate, but it would be far too generalized to be of
any practical use to the business ]
303. Sales commissions are classified as

a. Prime costs
b. Period costs
c. Product costs
d. Indirect labour
304. XYZ Ltd has the following data relating to its assembly plant in the year ended 31 December
2012:
`’000
Direct material costs 500
Direct labour cost 250
Assembly plant indirect costs 100
In addition, the stores department has total costs of ` 30,000 and spends 50% of its time servicing
the assembly plant. There were 50,000 labour hours worked and 25,000 machine hours run in the
assembly plant in 2012.
The overhead cost per direct labour hour was:
a. ` 2.0
b. ` 4.0
c. ` 2.3
d. ` 4.6
[Hint : The overhead cost per labour hour is ` 1,00,000 plus 50% of the stores costs `15,000, =
`1,15,000 divided by 50,000 hours.
305. If a company uses predetermined overhead recovery rates and at the end of a period finds that
there has been an under-recovery of overhead, which of the following best explains how the
under-recovery has occurred?
a. Actual overhead cost has exceeded the amount used as a basis for the establishment of the

predetermined rate.
b. Actual overhead cost has been less than the amount used as a basis for the establishment of
the predetermined rate.
c. Actual activity levels were higher than planned due to an increase in demand.
d. An expected price increase in the overhead costs which was built into the overhead
recovery rate did not take place.
[Hint : (b), (c) and (d) would lead to over-recovery of overheads.]
306. If there has been an over recovery of overheads, at the end of the accounting period the amount
concerned should be?
a. Debited to the company profit and loss account.
b. Credited to the company profit and loss account.
c. Carried forward to the next accounting period as a cost saving.
d. Used to reduce next period‘s overhead recovery rate.
[Hint : Variances should always be dealt with in the profit and loss account for the period they
relate to.]
307. A variable cost is?

a. One which varies in proportion to the level of fixed cost incurred.
b. One which tends to vary with the level of activity.
c. One which changes over time.
d. One which cannot be estimated with any great degree of accuracy.
308. The term ‗contribution‘ refers to?

a. The actual amount of profit made per unit.
b. The budgeted profit per unit.
c. The amount of profit which goes towards meeting the overheads of the business.
d. The difference between sales revenue and variable costs per unit.
[Hint : Contribution only becomes profit when fixed costs have been covered in full.]
309. The break-even point is that at which:

a. The level of activity at which the business operates most economically.
b. The level of activity at which the business makes neither a profit nor a loss.
c. The fixed costs are lowest.
d. The variable cost per unit is minimized.
310. When a business is faced with a limiting factor (one which limits the activity of an entity) and
there
is a choice to be made between options to follow, which of the following statements describes the
optimal course of action?
a. Choose the option which gives the highest unit profit.
b. Choose the option which gives the highest unit contribution.
c. Aim to achieve a balance of activities covering all of the options.
d. Choose the option which gives highest contribution per unit of limiting factor.
[Hint : (d) would give the optimal course of action in financial terms. Sometimes, where resource
constraints operate in ‗not for profit organizations‘, other non-financial factors may mean that a
sub-optimal course of action is followed.]

311. XYZ Ltd has the following alternative planned activity levels:
Level A Level B Level C
Total costs ` 1,00,000 ` 1,50,000 ` 2,00,000
Number of units produced 5,000 10,000 15,000
(Fixed overhead remains constant over the activity range shown.)
The fixed overhead cost per unit is:
a. ` 20.00
b. `15.00
c. `13.33
d. `10.00
[Hint : The total cost increased by ` 1,00,000 in moving from Level A to Level C, therefore if fixed
overheads are constant, variable costs are ` 1,00,000 for 10,000 units, which = `10/unit. At Level A,
total cost is ` 20/unit so fixed overheads absorbed on a unit basis are `10.]
312. Which of the following statements regarding marginal costing is incorrect?

a. It is a useful long-term planning technique.
b. It assumes that fixed costs remain fixed over relevant activity ranges.
c. It assumes that other costs vary in proportion to activity.
d. It assumes that costs can be classified as variable or fixed.
[Hint : (b), (c) and (d) are characteristics of the marginal costing approach which render it less
than useful as a long-term decision-making technique, hence (a) is correct.]
313. Which phrase best describes the current role of the managerial accountant?
a. Managerial accountants prepare the financial statements for an organization.
b. Managerial accountants facilitate the decision-making process within an organization.
c. Managerial accountants make the key decisions within an organization.
d. Managerial accountants are primarily information collectors.
314. LG has incurred cost of ` 60,000 for material. Further it incurred ` 35,000 for labor and ` 70,000
for
factory overhead. There was no beginning and ending work in process. 7,500 units were
completed and transferred out. What would be the unit cost for material?
a. ` 22
b. ` 16
c. ` 14
d. ` 8
315. Manufacturing costs typically consist of

a. Direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
b. Production and shipping costs.
c. Production and marketing costs.
d. Direct materials, direct labor, marketing and administrative costs.
316. In comparison to the traditional manufacturing environment, overhead costs in a JIT

environment
all the following are true except:
a. Are more easily tracked to products.

b. Are frequently direct in nature.

c. Include rent, insurance and utilities.
d. Most of the costs are likely to be indirect in nature.
317. As production increases within the relevant range
a. Variable costs will vary on a per unit basis.

b. Variable costs will vary in total.
c. Fixed costs will vary in total.
d. Fixed and variable cost stay the same in total.
318. You are given the cost and volume information below:
Volume Cost
1 unit ` 15
10 units `150
100 units `1500
What type of a cost is given?
a. Fixed cost
b. Variable cost
c. Step cost
d. Mixed cost
319. Which of the following statements regarding graphs of fixed and variable costs is true?
a. Variable costs can be represented by a straight line where costs are the same for each data
point.
b. Fixed costs can be represented by a straight line starting at the origin and continuing through
each data point.
c. Fixed costs are zero when production is equal to zero.
d. Variable costs are zero when production is equal to zero.
320. ABC Ltd. has three product lines - A, B, and C.

A B C Total
Total Sales `10,000 9,000 12,000 31,000
Variable costs 4,500 7,000 6,000 17,500
Contribution Margin 5,500 2,000 6,000 13,500
Fixed costs 3,500 6,000 3,000 12,500
Net income 2,000 (4,000) 3,000 1,000
Product line B appears unprofitable, and management is considering discontinuing the line. How
would the discontinuation of Product line B affect net income?
a. Increase by $4,000
b. Decrease by $4,000
c. Increase by $2,000
d. Decrease by $2,000
321. Coed Novelties manufactures key chains for college bookstores. During 2012, the
company had the following costs:
Direct materials used ` 31,000; Direct labor ` 18,000; Factory rent ` 12,000; Equipment deprecation –
factory ` 2,000; Equipment depreciation – office ` 750; Marketing expense ` 2,500; Administrative
expenses ` 40,000
35,000 units produced were in 2003.

What is the product cost per unit?

a. Approximately `1.24
b. `1.80
c. Approximately ` 3.04
d. `1.40
322. The Cape Cod Cotton Candy Company had the following information available regarding last
year's operations:
Sales (100,000 units) ` 2,00,000 ; Variable costs ` 1,00,000; Contribution margin ` 1,00,000; Fixed
costs ` 50,000; Net Income ` 50,000
If sales were to increase by 200 units, what would be the effect on net income?
a. `400 increase
b. `200 increase
c. `150 increase
d. ` 200 loss
323. If B Limited shows required production of 120 cases of product for the month, direct labor per
case is 3 hours at Rs. 12 per hour. Budgeted labor costs for the month should be:
a. ` 360
b. ` 1,440
c. ` 4,320
d. ` 5,346
324. A firm, which makes yachts, has fixed costs of ` 260,000 per month. The product sells for `
35,000
per boat, and the variable costs of production are ` 15,000 per boat. The boatyard can
manufacture 20 boats each month. What is the firms‘ margin of safety at the moment?
a. 20%
b. 35%
c. 54%
d. 57%
325. Janet sells a product for ` 6.25. The variable costs are ` 3.75. Janet's break-even units are
35,000. What is the amount of fixed costs?
a. ` 87,500
b. ` 35,000
c. ` 131,250
d. ` 104,750
326. Good Job Plc makes one product which sells for ` 80 per unit. Fixed costs are ` 28,000 per
month and marginal costs are ` 42 a unit. What sales level in units will provide a profit of ` 10,000?
a. 350 units
b. 667 units
c. 1,000 units
d. 1,350 units
327. If computational and record-keeping costs are about the same under both FIFO and weighted
average, which of the following method will generally be preferred?
a. Weighted Average
b. FIFO

c. They offer the same degree of information

d. Cannot be determined with so little information
328. A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the 8th period, 18,000 hours were
worked, actual overheads were ` 279,000 and there was ` 36,000 over-absorption. The overhead
absorption rate per hours was:
a. ` 15.50
b. ` 17.50
c. ` 18.00
d. ` 13.50
329. Bharat Ltd estimated that during the year 75,000 machine hours would be used and it has been
using an overhead absorption rate of ` 6.40 per machine hour in its machining department. During
the year the overhead expenditure amounted to ` 472,560 and 72,600 machine hours were used.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
a. Overhead was under-absorbed by ` 7,440
b. Overhead was under-absorbed by ` 7,920
c. Overhead was over-absorbed by ` 7,440
d. Overhead was over-absorbed by ` 7,920
330. Inventory of ` 96,000 was purchased during the year. The cost of goods sold was ` 90,000 and
the ending inventory was ` 18,000. What was the inventory turnover ratio for the year?
a. 5.0
b. 5.3
c. 6.0
d. 6.4
331. The FIFO inventory costing method (when using under perpetual inventory system) assumes
that the cost of the earliest units purchased is allocated in which of the following ways?
a. First to be allocated to the ending inventory
b. Last to be allocated to the cost of goods sold
c. Last to be allocated to the ending inventory
d. First to be allocated to the cost of good sold
332. High Class Interiors had beginning merchandise inventory of ` 75,000. It made purchases of
`160,000 and recorded sales of ` 220,000 during January. Its estimated gross profit on sales was
30%. On January 31, the store was destroyed by fire. What was the value of the merchandise
inventory loss?
a. ` 154,000
b. ` 160,000
c. `. 235,000
d. ` 81,000
333. Where there is mass production of homogeneous units or where few products are produced in
batches, which of the following cost driver would be regarded as best base for the determination of
Factory overhead absorption rate?
a. Number of units produced
b. Labor hours
c. Prime cost
d. Machine hours

334. Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into account for fixing re-order level?
a. Average consumption
b. Economic Order Quantity
c. Emergency lead time
d. Danger level
335. The contribution margin increases when sales volume and price remain the same and:
a. Variable cost per unit decreases
b. Variable cost per unit increases
c. Fixed costs per unit increase
336. Opening work in process inventory can be calculated under which of the following method?
a. FIFO and Average costing
b. LIFO and Average costing
c. FIFO and LIFO costing
d. None of given options
337. _____________________ is a part of cost of production report that explains the cost incurred
during the process.
a. Quantity schedule
b. Cost accounted for as follow
c. Cost charged to the department
338. A company makes one product, which has variable manufacturing costs of ` 3.25 per unit and
variable selling and administrative costs of ` 1.17 per unit. Fixed manufacturing costs are ` 42,300
per month and fixed selling and administrative costs are ` 29,900 per month. The company wants
to earn an average monthly profit of ` 15,000 and they expect to produce and sell an average of
40,000 units of the product per month. What is the minimum selling price management can be
expected to set to meet their profitability goals?
a. ` 4.69
b. ` 4.42
c. ` 6.60
d. ` 6.23
339. A cost that remains unchanged across the relevant range of units produced is what kind of cost?
a. Fixed cost
b. Product cost
c. Mixed cost
d. Period cost
340. A company has the following cost data for the month:
Conversion cost: `. 78,900; Prime Cost: ` 115,700; Beginning Work in Process Inventory: ` 4,700;
Ending Work in Process Inventory: ` 2,800; Beginning Finished Goods Inventory: ` 27,600; Ending
Finished Goods Inventory: ` 29,200; Manufacturing Overhead Costs: ` 14,500.
What is the Cost of Goods Sold for the month?
a. ` 132,100
b. ` 116,000

c. ` 130,200
d. ` 130,500
341. Material cost = ` 4.00 per unit; Labor cost = Re. 0.60 per unit; Factory overhead cost = ` 1.00
per unit; Administrative cost = ` 1.20 per unit; Selling cost = 15% of sales; Profit = ` 1.02 per unit.
What will be the sales price per unit?
a. 6.0
b. 9.2
c. 7.0
d. None of the given option
342. ABC & Company has maintained the following data of inventory control Under the periodic
inventory system:
Date Units Total
Jan 01 100 @ ` 10 ` 1000
Jan 05 100 @ ` 11 ` 1100
Jan 10 150 @ ` 12 ` 1600
During the period 300 units were sold.
Calculate the cost of ending inventory under FIFO method.
a. 600
b. 500
c. 400
d. 300
343. National chains of tyre fitters stock a popular tyre for which the following information is
available:
Average usage = 140 tyres per day
Minimum usage = 90 tyres per day
Maximum usage = 175 tyres per day
Lead time = 10 to 16 days
Re-order quantity = 3000 tyres
Based on the above data calculate the maximum level of stock possible:
a. 2800
b. 3000
c. 4900
d. 5800
344. The total labor cost incurred by a manufacturing entity includes which one of the following
elements:
a. Direct labor cost
b. Indirect labor cost
c. Abnormal labor cost
345. If, Opening stock 1,000 units; Material Purchase 7,000 units; Closing Stock 500 units; Material
consumed ` 7,500.
What will be the inventory turnover ratio?
a. 10 Times
b. 12 times
c. 14.5 times

d. 9.5 times PAPER 2:
346. If Units sold = 10,000; Closing finished goods = 2,000; Opening finished goods = 1,500;
What will be the value of units manufactured?
a. 9,500
b. 10,500
c. 13,500
d. 6,500
347. Calculate the amount of direct labor if:

Direct material = 15,000; Direct labor = 70% of prime cost
a. 6,429
b. 30,000
c. 10,500
d. 35,000
348. In increasing production volume situation, the behavior of Fixed cost & Variable cost will be:
a. Increases, constant
b. Constant, increases
c. Increases, decreases
d. Decreases, increases
349. While calculating the finished goods ending inventory, what would be the formula to calculate
per unit cost?
a. Cost of goods sold / number of units sold
b. Cost of goods to be manufactured/ number of units manufactured
c. Cost of goods manufactured / number of units manufactured
d. Total manufacturing cost / number of units manufactured
350. If the direct labor is Rs. 42,000 and FOH is 40% of conversion cost. What will be the amount of
FOH?
a. 63,000
b. 30,000
c. 28,000
d. 16,800
351. Which one of the following centers is responsible to earn sales revenue?
a. Cost center
b. Investment center
c. Revenue center
d. Profit center
352. While preparing the Cost of Goods Sold and Income Statement, the over applied FOH is;
a. Add back, subtracted
b. Subtracted, add back
c. Add back, add back
d. Subtracted, subtracted
353. Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the inventory is turning over
towards the cost of goods sold?

a. Net profit ratio

b. Gross profit ratio
c. Inventory turnover ratio
d. Inventory holding period
MCQ # 354, 355, 356 and 357 are based on the following data:
The following is the Income Statement of a Company for last month:
Particulars `
Sales 4,000,000
Less: variable expenses 1,800,000
Contribution margin 2,200,000
Less: fixed expenses 720,000
Net income 1480,000
The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A total of 80,000 units were produced and
sold last month.
354. What is the company's contribution margin ratio?

a. 30%
b. 50%
c. 150%
355. What is the company's break-even in units?

a. 48,000 units
b. 72,000 units
c. 80,000 units
356. How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of ` 600,000?
a. 48,000 units
b. 88,000 units
c. 106,668 units
357. What is the company's margin of safety in `?

a. ` 1,600,000
b. ` 2,400,000
c. ` 25,60,000
358. The margin of safety can be defined as:

a. The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual variable expenses
b. The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual fixed expenses
c. The excess of budgeted sales over the break-even volume of sales
d. The excess of budgeted net income over actual net income
359. The contribution margin ratio is calculated by using which one of the given formula?
a. (Sales - Fixed Expenses)/Sales
b. (Sales - Variable Expenses)/Sales
c. (Sales - Total Expenses)/Sales

360. Data of a company XYZ is given below

Particulars `
Sales 15,00,000
Variable cost 9,00,000
Fixed Cost 4,00,000
Break Even Sales in `__________
a. ` 1, 00,000
b. `. 2, 00,000
c. `13, 00,000
361. The break-even point is the point where:

a. Total sales revenue equals total expenses (variable and fixed)
b. Total contribution margin equals total fixed expenses
c. Total sales revenue equals to variable expenses only
d. Both a & b
362. The break-even point in units is calculated using_______

a. Fixed expenses and the contribution margin ratio
b. Variable expenses and the contribution margin ratio
c. Fixed expenses and the unit contribution margin
d. Variable expenses and the unit contribution margin
363. Marginal costing is also known as:

a. Indirect costing
b. Direct costing
c. Variable costing
d. Both (b) and (c)
364. The difference between total revenues and total variable costs is known as:
a. Contribution margin
b. Gross margin
c. Operating income
d. Fixed costs
365. Percentage of Margin of Safety can be calculated in which one of the following ways?
a. Based on budgeted Sales
b. Using budget profit
c. Using profit & Contribution ratio
366. Which of the following represents a CVP equation?

a. Sales = Contribution margin (Rs.) + Fixed expenses + Profits
b. Sales = Contribution margin ratio + Fixed expenses + Profits
c. Sales = Variable expenses + Fixed expenses + profits
d. Sales = Variable expenses –Fixed expenses + profits
367. If 120 units produced, 100 units were sold @ ` 200 per unit. Variable cost related to production

&
selling is ` 150 per unit and fixed cost is ` 5,000. If the management wants to decrease sales price
by 10%, what will be the effect of decreasing unit sales price on profitability of company?
a. Remains constant
b. Profits will increased
c. Company will have to face losses
368. A disadvantage of an hourly wage plan is that it:

a. Provides no incentive for employees to achieve and maintain a high level of production.
b. Is hardly ever used and is difficult to apply.
c. Establishes a definite rate per hour for each employee.
d. Encourages employees to sacrifice quality in order to maximize earnings.
369. The cost expended in the past that cannot be retrieved on product or service
a. Relevant Cost
b. Sunk Cost
c. Product Cost
d. Irrelevant Cost
370. When a manufacturing process requires mostly human labor and there are widely varying wage
rates among workers, what is probably the most appropriate basis of applying factory costs to work
in process?
a.Machine hours
b. Cost of materials used
c. Direct labor hours
d. Direct labor dollars
371. The main purpose of cost accounting is to:

a. Maximize profits.
b. Help in inventory valuation
c. Provide information to management for decision making
d. Aid in the fixation of selling price
372. The combination of direct material and direct labor is

a. Total production Cost
b. Prime Cost
c. Conversion Cost
d. Total manufacturing Cost
373. ______________ method assumes that the goods received most recently in the stores or
produced
recently are the first ones to be delivered to the requisitioning department.
a. FIFO
b. Weighted average method
c. Most recent price method
d. LIFO
374. Fixed cost per unit decreases when:

a. Production volume increases.

b. Production volume decreases.

c. Variable cost per unit decreases.
d. Variable cost per unit increases.
375. Prime cost + Factory overhead cost is:

a. Conversion cost.
b. Production cost.
c. Total cost.
d. None of given option.
376. Find the value of purchases if Raw material consumed ` 90,000; Opening and closing stock of
raw material is ` 50,000 and 30,000 respectively.
a. ` 10,000
b. ` 20,000
c. ` 70,000
d. ` 1,60,000
377. If Cost of goods sold = ` 40,000; GP Margin = 20% of sales

Calculate the Gross profit margin.
a. ` 32,000
b. ` 48,000
c. ` 8,000
d. `10,000
378. Annual requirement is 7800 units; consumption per week is 150 units. Unit price ` 5, order cost
` 10
per order. Carrying cost ` 1 per unit and lead time is 3 week, The Economic order quantity would
be:
a. 395 units
b. 300 units
c. 250 units
d. 150 units
382. The distinction between direct and indirect labour helps to :
a. Measure efficiency of performance

b. Determine product cost more accurately
c. Ensure better cost analysis for decisions and control
d. All of the above
383. Which would be an implicit cost for a firm? The cost:
a. Of worker wages and salaries for the firm.

b. Paid for leasing a building for the firm.
c. Paid for production supplies for the firm.
d. Of wages foregone by the owner of the firm.
384. The difference between gate time and time booked for jobs in respect of a worker in due to the
following reasons except :
a. Change-over time

b. Illness
c. Waiting for materials, instructions, etc.
d. Breakdown of machine
385. The period of time for which a work station is available for production but is not utilized due to
shortage of tooling, materials, operators, etc. is known as :
a. Down time
b. Operation time
c. Idle time
d. Set-up time
386. The objective of work study are :

a. Material conservation
b. Time saving
c. Quality improvement and cost reduction
d. All of the above
387. Time study serves the following purposes except :

a. Standardizing jobs, operation etc.
b. Assessing labour time
c. Fixation of factory overhead rate
d. Fixation of wage rates and introduction of incentive schemes
388. The methods of job evaluation include :

a. Grading
b. Ranking
c. Points value
d. All of the above
389. Merit rating helps the following except :

a. Determining right worker for the right job/work
b. Delinking rewards with merits
c. Simplifying wage structure
d. Improving labour relations and reducing labour turnover
390. The factors to be taken into consideration in formulating incentive schemes include :
a. Quantity and quality of output
b. Incidence of overhead, and effect upon workers
c. Simplicity and legal provisions
d. All of the above
391. Contribution margin contributes to meet which one of the following options ?
a. Variable cost
b. Fixed cost
c. Operating cost
d. Net profit
392. Favourable conditions for the operation of piece rates include :

a. Homogeneous products
b. Long, uninterrupted run of production

c. Inspection
d. High proportion of indirect labour
393. If time allowed for a job is 10 hours, time taken for the job is 8 hours and rate of pay is ` 2 per
hour, he bonus to the worker is :
a. ` 1.20
b. ` 2.00
c. ` 3.20
394. Group bonus schemes are generally suitable where :
a. Output depends on individual efforts

b. Output of individual workers can be measured easily
c. It is necessary to create a collective interest in the work
d. Normal loss rate is high
395. In a profit sharing scheme the available surplus is shared by the following except :
a. Government
b. Shareholders
c. Employees
d. Firm
396. Non-monetary incentives may include the following except :

a. Health and safety
b. Housing facilities
c. Education and training
d. Dearness allowance
397. The purposes served by preparation of payroll or wages sheet include :

a. Spreading the volume of work to be done
b. Computation of labour rate for each department
c. Comparing actual wages with budgeted wages for control
d. All of the above
398. The authorized heads of deduction from wages payable include the following except :
a. Car allowance
b. Income tax
c. Provident fund
d. Employees‘ state insurance
399. Wages analysis include :

a. Gross wages per product
b. Gross wages per operation or department
c. Gross wages per labour classification
d. Analysis of constituent of gross wages – direct/ lost time
400. In account ting for labour cost :

a. A. direct labour cost and indirect labour cost are charged to prime cost

b. Direct labour cost and indirect labour cost are charged to overheads
c. Direct labour cost is charged to prime cost and indirect labour cost is charged to overheads
d. All of the above
Answers:
301 d 302 c 303 b 304 c 305 a 306 b 307 b 308 d 309 b 310 d 311 d 312 a 313 b 314 d 315 a
316 d 317 b 318 b 319 d 320 d 321 b 322 b 323 c 324 b 325 a 326 c 327 b 328 b 329 a
330 c 331 d 332 d 333 a 334 b 335 a 336 a 337 c 338 c 339 a 340 d 341 b 342 a 343 c
344 d 345 a 346 b 347 d 348 b 349 c 350 c 351 c 352 b 353 c 354 b 355 d 356 a 357 c
358 c 359 b 360 d 361 d 362 c 363 d 364 a 365 d 366 c 367 c 368 a 369 b 370 c 371 c
372 b 373 d 374 a 375 b 376 c 377 d 378 b 379 a 380 c 381 a 382 d 383 d 384 b 385 b
386 d 387 c 388 d 389 b 390 d 391 b 392 b 393 c 394 c 395 a 396 d 397 d 398 a 399 a 400 c

450. Which of the following is not a production cause of idle capacity?

a. Set-up and change-over time
b. Lack of supervision and instruction
c. Lack of materials and tools
d. Strike
451. Functionally, administration expenses may comprise expenses of the following activities:
a. Secretarial and board of directors
b. Accounting, financing, tax and legal
c. Audit and personnel
d. All of these
452. Which of the following is not a possible method of accounting for administration overheads?
a. Include as part of production overheads
b. Apportion to production, selling and distribution functions
c. Treat administration as a separate entity and treat the costs as such
d. Transfer to costing profit and loss account
453. Which of the following is not used as a base for apportionment of administration overheads?
a. Direct wages
b. Works cost
c. Conversion cost
d. Sales value
454. Which of the following is/are the basic object/s of job analysis?
a. Determination of wage rates
b. Ascertain the relative worth of each job
c. Breaking up job into its basic elements
455. Analysis of selling and distribution overheads is done by :

a. Nature of expenses and functions
b. Areas, products and salesmen
c. Types of customers and channels of distribution
d. All of the above
456. For exercising control over selling and distribution overheads, the following techniques may be
used :
a. Comparison with past results
b. Budgetary control
c. Standard costing
d. All the above
457. Depreciation is a :
a. Measure of consumption of assets
b. Process of allocation and not of valuation
c. Wear and tear due to use and/or lapse of time
d. All of the above
458. Which of the following does not influence the useful life of an asset ?

a. Expected physical wear and tear

b. Cost of the asset
c. Obsolescence
d. Legal or other limits on the use of the asset
459. For computing depreciation of an asset, the factors that are taken into consideration include the
following except :
a. Historical cost
b. Expected useful life
c. Insurance premium
d. Estimated residual value
460. Depreciation on plant and machinery is :

a. Not a cash cost, so is ignored in the cost accounts
b. Part of manufacturing overheads
c. Part of prime cost
d. Always calculated using the straight-line method
461. Which of the following methods of depreciation results in fixed per unit cost of depreciation ?
a. Straight line
b. Reducing balance
c. Sinking fund
d. Production unit
462. Types of maintenance include the following except :

a. Routine
b. Overhaul
c. Emergency
d. Periodic
463. Which of the following is not included in the objectives of maintenance of plant and machinery
?
a. Reducing idle time
b. Reducing breakdown
c. Maintaining efficiency
d. Increasing life
464. Regular maintenance expenses are :

a. Capitalized
b. Part of manufacturing overheads
c. Written-off to costing profit and loss account
d. Part of prime cost
465. Obsolescence is the measure of the loss of value of an asset due to :

a. Technological innovation
b. Changes in market conditions
c. Both (a) and (b) above
466. Interest on own capital is a:

a. Cash cost
b. Notional cost
c. Sunk cost
d. Part of prime cost
467. Objectives of research and development costs include :

a. Maintaining present competitive position
b. Improving enterprise‘s competitive position
c. Exploring now market/products
d. All of the above
468. Normal stores losses are :

a. Part of prime cost
b. Part of production overheads
c. Part of selling and distribution overheads
d. Written-off to costing and profit and loss account
469. Secondary packing expenses are :

a. Part of prime cost
b. Part of production overheads
c. Part of distribution overheads
d. Written-off to costing profit and loss account
470. If you know that with 8 units of output, average fixed cost is `12.50 and average variable cost
is 81.25, then total cost at this output level is:
a. ` 93.75.
b. ` 97.78.
c. ` 750.
d. ` 880.
471. The methods of treating cost of small tools in cost accounts include :
a. Charging to expense
b. Charging to stores
c. Capitalizing in a small tools account
d. All of the above
472. Under marginal costing :

a. All costs are classified into two groups – variable and fixed
b. Variable costs form part of the product cost and inventory valuation
c. Fixed costs are treated as period costs
d. All of the above
473. Which of the following definitions describe marginal cost ?

a. The variable cost of one unit of product or service
b. A principle whereby variable costs are charged to cost units and the fixed costs attributable to
the relevant period are written-off in full against the contribution for that period
c. Costs appropriate to aiding the making of specific management decisions
d. The price at which material identical to that which is used up could be replaced on the date
of usage

474. According to Rowan premium plan, which of the following formula is used to calculate the
bonus rate?
a. (Time saved/time allowed) x 100
b. (Time allowed/time saved) x 100
c. (Actual time taken/time allowed) x 100
d. (Time allowed/actual time taken) x 100
475. Which of the following is not an assumption underlying the accountant‘s break-even chart ?
a. Fixed costs remain fixed throughout the range charted
b. Selling prices do not change
c. Variable costs fluctuate inversely with volume
d. Unit variable costs remain constant throughout the range charted
476. With regard to break –even charts and break-even analysis, which of the following is true ?
a. It is assumed that variable cost fluctuates in direct proportion to output
b. The break the break-even point is at the intersection of the sales line and the variable cost line
c. A break-even chart shown the maximum profit possible
d. A break-even chart is capable of dealing with any change of product mix
477. The following data relate to two output levels of a department :

Machine hours 17,000 18,500
Overheads (`) 2,46,500 2,51,750
The variable overhead rate per hour is ` 3.50. The amount of fixed overheads is:
a. ` 5,250
b. ` 59,500
c. ` 1,87,000
d. ` 2,46,500
478. The following data relate to two activity levels of an out-patients‘ department in a hospital :
No. of consultations per patient 4,500 5,750
Overheads ` 2,69,750 ` 2,89,125
Fixed overheads are ` 2,00,000 per period. The variable cost per consultation is :
a. ` 15.50
b. ` 44.44
c. ` 59.94
d. ` none of the above
479. Break-even analysis assumes that over the relevant range :

a. Total costs are unchanged
b. Unit variable costs are unchanged
c. Variable costs are non-linear
d. Unit fixed costs are unchanged
480. ABC Ltd. Has fixed costs of ` 60,000 p.a.. It manufactures a single product, which it sells for `
20 per unit. Its contribution to sales ratio is 40%. ABC Ltd‘s break-even point in units is :
a. 1,800
b. 3,000
c. 5,000
d. 7,500

481. Sun Ltd. Makes a single product which it sells for ` 10 per unit. Fixed costs are ` 48,000 per
month and the product has a contribution to sales ratio of 40%. In a period when actual sales were `
1,40,000. Sun Ltd.‘s margin of safety in units was :
a. 2,000
b. 6,000
c. 8,000
d. 12,000
482. A company produced 500 units of a product and incurred the following costs :
`
Direct materials 8,000
Direct wages 10,000
Overheads (20% fixed) 45,000
If the sales value of 500 units was ` 1,02,000, what is contribution margin ?
a. 44%
b. 47%
c. 53%
d. 74%
Use the following data for questions 483 and 484:

Budget data for the Happy Ltd.
Sales (1,00,000 units) ` 10,00,000
Costs :
Variable ` 7,00,000
Fixed ` 2,10,000 9,10,000
Operating profit ` 90,000
483. If fixed costs increased by ` 31,500 with no other cost or revenue factors changing, the break-
even sales in units would be :
a. 34,500
b. 80,500
c. 69,000
d. 94,500
484. If Happy Ltd. Is subject to an effective income tax rate of 40%, the number of units Happy Ltd.
Would have to sell to earn an after-tax profit of ` 90,000 is :
a. 1,00,000 units
b. 1,20,000 units
c. 1,12,000 units
d. 1,45,000 units
485. Selling a product at a price equivalent to or below marginal cost is recommended for a short
period in certain special circumstances, such as :
a. Introducing a new product
b. Exploring foreign market
c. Driving out a weaker competitor
d. All of the above
486. Which of the following is not a relevant cost information in a make or buy decision ?

a. Variable cost of making

b. General fixed cost
c. Purchase price
d. Loss of contribution to make the product
487. Which of the following factors are not qualitative factors in a make or buy decision ?
a. Doubt as to the ability of the subcontractor to meet delivery dates
b. Doubt as to ability of the subcontractor to maintain quality
c. The case with which improvements can be made to the product
d. The effect of redundancy on labour relations
488. Raymond Corporation estimates factory overhead of ` 345,000 for next fiscal year. It is
estimated
that 60,000 units will be produced at a material cost of `575,000. Conversion will require 34,500
direct labor hours at a cost of ` 10 per hour, with 25,875 machine hours.
FOH rate on the bases on Budgeted Production would be?
a. ` 5.75 per unit
b. ` 6.65 per unit
c. ` 6.0 per unit
d. ` 1 per unit
489. In a shutdown decision, one has to consider :

a. Contribution
b. Identifiable fixed cost, if any
c. Impact of shutdown on other products, if any
d. All of the above
490. When a firm doubles its inputs and finds that its output has more than doubled, this is known as:
a. Economies of scale.
b. Constant returns to scale.
c. Diseconomies of scale.
d. A violation of the law of diminishing returns.
491. The firms monthly cost of production is ` 1,46,000 at an output level of 8,000 units. If it
achieves an output level of 12,000 units it will incur production cost of ` 1,94,000 cost of production
for 15,000 units is :
a. ` 1,80,000
b. ` 2,00,000
c. ` 50,000
d. ` 2,30,000
492. The basic research cost should be treated as :

a. Product cost
b. Production cost
c. Production overhead
d. Period cost
493. A firm requires 16,000 nos. of a certain component, which is buys at ` 60 each. The cost of
placing
an order and following it up is ` 120 and the annual storage charges works out to 10% of the cost of

the item. To get maximum benefit the firm should place order for ……………………. Units at a
time.
a. 1,000
b. 900
c. 800
d. 600
494. About 50 items are required every day for a machine. A fixed cost of ` 50 per order is incurred
for placing an order. The inventory carrying cost per item amounts to Re. 0.02 per day. The lead
period is 32 days. Compute reorder level.
a. 1,200 items
b. 1,400 items
c. 1,600 items
d. 1,800 items
495. The standard time required per unit of a product is 20 minutes. In a day of 8 working hours a
worker given an output of 30 units. If he gets a time rate of ` 20/hr., his total earnings under Halsey
bonus scheme was :
a. ` 200
b. ` 192
c. ` 180
d. ` 160
496. A material loss during production or storage due to evaporation or shrinkage is called :
a. Scrap
b. Waste
c. Spoilage
d. Material loss
497. The process of distribution of overheads allotted to a particular department or cost centre over
the units produced is called :
a. Allocation
b. Apportionment
c. Absorption
d. Departmentalization
498. Angle of incidence defines :

a. Systematic risk in CAPM model
b. Post BEP relationship between total cost and total revenue
c. Incidental factors in investments
d. Marginal cost of production
499. A Ltd. Has sales of ` 2,200, total fixed cost of ` 570, variable cost of ` 1,540, raw material
consumed of ` 1,100, number of units sold 22,000. What shall be the BEP 9in units) if raw material
price is reduced
by 2%?
a. 18,387
b. 18,560
c. 18,750
d. 19,000

500. If an item of overhead expenditure is charged specifically to a single department this would be
an example of:
a. Apportionment
b. Allocation
c. Re-apportionment
d. Absorption
Answers:
451 d 452 a 453 a 454 b 455 d

456 d 457 d 458 b 459 c 460 b 461 d 462 b
463 d 464 b 465 c 466 b 467 d 468 b 469 c
470 c 471 d 472 d 473 a 474 a 475 c 476 a
477 c 478 a 479 b 480 d 481 a 482 b 483 b
484 b 485 d 486 b 487 d 488 a 489 d 490 a
491 d 492 c 493 c 494 c 495 c 496 b 497 c
498 b 499 a 500 b

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Cost Accounting MCQs

1. Costs that change in response to alternative courses of action are called:

2. The cost data pertaining to Product ―X‖ of XL Ltd. are as follows :

5. Total unit costs are

6. Which of the following bases is not appropriate for apportionment of Transport

3 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

4 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

22. The cost-volume-profit relationship of a company is described by the equation y = `

24. One of the most important tools in cost planning is:

25. Economies and diseconomies of scale explain why the:

5 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

26. Which of the following is not a relevant cost?

27. Which of the following is an accounting record?

28. The fixed-variable cost classification has a special significance in preparation of :

30. Idle capacity of a plant is the difference between:

32. The Forex component of imported material cost is converted

c. At the rate on date of delivery

35. CAS 8 requires each type of utility to be treated as

36. Selling and distribution overhead does not include:

38. Exchange losses or gains after purchase transaction is complete is treated as

41. If, Sales = ` 800,000

43. The salary of factory clerk is treated as:

45. EOQ is a point where:

8 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

53. Which of the following is not true about differential costs?

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58. Which of the following would be considered to be an investment centre?

60. All of the following are features of a relevant cost EXCEPT:

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c. Relevant cost is a sunk cost

63. Which of the following statement is TRUE about historical cost?

64. In cost accounting, unavoidable loss is charged to which of the following?

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72. A typical factory overhead cost is:

c. Compensation of plant manager

73. An average cost is also known as:

74. Period costs are:

75. While calculating the EOQ, number of orders is calculated by:

76. Which of the following best describe piece rate system?

77. The term Cost apportionment is referred to:

Direct material ` 15 Direct labor ` 10

80. When production is equal to sales, which of the following is TRUE?

14 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

83. All of the following compose cost of goods sold EXCEPT:

85. Which of the following is NOT a relevant cost to decision making?

15 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

c. Factory overhead cost

91. Identify the FOH rate on the basis of machine hour?

16 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

96. Cost of finished goods inventory is calculated by:

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301. Which of the following is a direct labour cost?

303. Sales commissions are classified as

18 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123

[Hint : (b), (c) and (d) would lead to over-recovery of overheads.]

307. A variable cost is?

308. The term ‗contribution‘ refers to?

309. The break-even point is that at which:

19 Prepared By: Muhammad Riaz Khan | 0313-9533123