Revision

Indication STANDARD SPECIFICATION

uop 4-12-4 Page 1 of 5
UOP LLC • 25 East Algonquin Road • Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 • USA

DATE STATUS APVD AUTHD

TUBULAR EXCHANGERS
HAIR PIN TYPE 02MAY05 Revised SAV RGP

1. GENERAL

1.1 Scope

a. This Standard Specification covers general requirements for the design of hairpin heat
exchangers.

b. Exceptions or variations shown in the UOP Project Specifications take precedence over
requirements shown herein.

1.2 References

Unless noted below, use the edition and addenda of each referenced document current on the
date of this UOP Standard Specification. When a referenced document incorporates another
document, use the edition of that document required by the referenced document.

a. Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA)

b. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels

c. ASME B16.5, “Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ Through NPS 24”

d. ASME B46.1, “Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)”

e. ASME Specifications SA-193, SA-194, SA-516, and SB-127

f. ASME B16.20, “Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges, Ring Joint, Spiral Wound and
Jacketed”

g. National, state, and local governmental regulations and laws.

2. DESIGN

2.1 General Requirements

a. Exchangers shall comply with TEMA Class R and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section VIII, Division 1, and shall be suitable for ASME Code stamping when
required.

b. Circumferential welded joints shall be one of the following: full penetration double butt,
full penetration single butt, full penetration single butt with integral back-up ring, double
full fillet weld, or full penetration corner joints.

c. Flange classes are specified in accordance with ASME B16.5. Flange classes listed in
the UOP Project Specifications are based upon design pressure and temperature
conditions only and do not account for other loads. The final design of all flanges shall
account for gasket seating and external loads. Differential thermal expansion, including
joints between dissimilar materials, and transient thermal conditions such as start-
up/shutdown and operational upset shall be accommodated.

Form QUA-03-1
Revision
Indication STANDARD SPECIFICATION
uop 4-12-4 Page 2 of 5
UOP LLC • 25 East Algonquin Road • Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 • USA

DATE STATUS APVD AUTHD

TUBULAR EXCHANGERS
HAIR PIN TYPE 02MAY05 Revised SAV RGP

d. Flanges intended for use with spiral wound gaskets shall have a flange surface finish of
125 microinch Ra minimum to 250 microinch Ra maximum. Flanges intended for use
with other gaskets shall have a flange finish within the optimal range for the specified
gasket. Finishes shall be judged by visual comparison with surface finish roughness
standards conforming to ASME B46.1. Flange finishes shall be protected from damage
during fabrication, heat treatment, shipping, storage, and installation.

e. Flanges and bolts shall be analyzed to ensure that they are not overstressed during gasket
seating. Overstressing is more likely to occur when Class 300 and lower flanges are sued
with spiral wound metal gaskets.

f. Gaskets for use with raised face flanges shall be spiral wound per ASME B16.20, with a
non-asbestos filler material. The winding material shall be a minimum of ASTM A 240
Type 304. Gaskets shall include an outer retaining ring. The outer retainer ring may be
carbon steel, protected against corrosion. Gaskets for Class 900 and greater flanges, and
gaskets in vacuum service shall have an inner retainer ring of the same material as the
windings. Gaskets with an inner retainer ring shall also be used between flanges of
different metallurgies with different coefficients of thermal expansion when they operate
at an elevated temperature. Verify the adequacy of all gaskets considering potential
buckling of the outer or inner retaining ring(s) and the windings.”

g. Provide impingement protection in multitube sections consistent with TEMA Class R.

h. The vendor shall supply weld neck flange terminal connections.

i. Elements (tubes or bundle) shall be removable without cutting.

j. The following table lists the minimum and maximum velocity limits in water service for
different tube materials:

Tube Material Velocity Limit, ft/s (m/s)

Minimum Maximum
Admiralty Brass 3.0 (0.9) 8.0 (2.4)
Carbon Steel 3.0 (0.9) 10.0 (3.0)
Cupro-Nickel 70/30 3.0 (0.9) 10.0 (3.0)
Cupro-Nickel 90-10 3.0 (0.9) 8.0 (2.4)
Titanium 3.0 (0.9) 10.0 (3.0)
Austenitic Stainless Steel 3.0 (0.9) 10.0 (3.0)

k. When the water carries solids, the maximum velocity shall be reduced by 20%.

l. Exchangers shall be designed for maximum interchangeability of parts.

m. Nonferrous U-bends shall be stress relief relieved after bending.

Form QUA-03-1
Revision
Indication STANDARD SPECIFICATION
uop 4-12-4 Page 3 of 5
UOP LLC • 25 East Algonquin Road • Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 • USA

DATE STATUS APVD AUTHD

TUBULAR EXCHANGERS
HAIR PIN TYPE 02MAY05 Revised SAV RGP

2.2 Component Thickness

a. The minimum wall thickness for tubular elements and shell pipe shall be:

(1) When pipe is used for tubes:

Carbon and low alloy steels - Schedule 40

Copper alloy materials - Schedule 10

(2) Carbon steel shell pipe - Schedule 40.

b. For U-tubes the wall thickness applies to the outside of the bend. U-tubes shall be formed
from continuous lengths, free of girth welds.

3. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

3.1 Slurry Service

When UOP Project Specifications indicate slurry service, the following additional
requirements apply:

a. Process streams containing fines (slurry) shall be routed downflow through the tube side
of the exchanger.

b. Slurry velocities at specified process flowing conditions shall be between 4.5 feet per
second (1.37 meters per second) and 8.0 feet per second (2.44 meters per second).

c. For multitube units, tubes shall not be less than 1 inch (25 mm) OD, 0.109 inch (2.77
mm) tube wall thickness to minimize plugging of the tubes and to protect against erosion.

3.2 Hydrofluoric (HF) Acid Service

When UOP Project Specifications indicate a process stream contains free HF, dissolved HF,
or trace HF, the following additional requirements apply:

a. General

(1) When the steam pressure is higher than the process side pressure, tube to tube sheet
joints shall be strength welded and fully rolled.

(2) The shell to tube closure joint shall be separated from the tube side closure joint.

(3) Process fluids shall flow downward to assure good drainage.

(4) Threaded surfaces are not permitted in contact with process fluids.

(5) Nozzles and their reinforcements shall be attached to the exchanger with full
penetration welds. When back-up strips are used, they shall be removed after
welding and the weld ground smooth.

Form QUA-03-1
Revision
Indication STANDARD SPECIFICATION
uop 4-12-4 Page 4 of 5
UOP LLC • 25 East Algonquin Road • Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 • USA

DATE STATUS APVD AUTHD

TUBULAR EXCHANGERS
HAIR PIN TYPE 02MAY05 Revised SAV RGP

(6) Longitudinal and circumferential welded joints shall be full penetration double-
welded butt type or equivalent.

(7) Flange closure shall use ASME SA-193 grade B7M bolts and ASME SA-194 grade
2HM nuts.

(8) Ring type joint flanges are acceptable in HF acid services.

(9) After fabrication full radiography is required for all welded joints in contact with
free HF or dissolved HF. Spot radiography, as a minimum, is required in trace HF
service.

(10) Weld repairs on pressure parts shall be completed before heat treatment. If repairs
are found to be necessary after heat treatment, pressure parts affected shall be heat
treated again.

(11) Ferrous and nonferrous tubing shall be annealed after finning as defined in the
appropriate ASME Specification.

(12) Flame cutting is not permitted unless the cut surface is ground back to sound metal.

b. Carbon Steel

(1) Plate steel shall be fully killed in accordance with ASME SA-516.

(2) After fabrication, stress relieve at 1150°F (620°C) ± 25°F (14°C) for one hour per
inch (25 mm) of thickness with a minimum hold of one hour followed by cooling in
air. U-bends shall be stress relieved at 1150°F (620°C) ± 25°F (14°C) after
bending.

c. Monel

(1) Plate shall in accordance with ASME Specification SB-127. All plate shall be
supplied in an annealed condition.

(2) The fabrication and thermal treatment of Monel shall comply with the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Part UNF, Appendix
NF, Paragraphs NF-7 and NF-14.

(3) After fabrication, stress relieve at 1150ºF (620ºC) ± 25ºF (14ºC) for one hour per
inch (25 mm) of thickness with a minimum hold of one hour, followed by cooling
in still air. U-bends shall be stress relieved at 1150ºF (620ºC) ± 25ºF (14ºC) after
bending.

(4) Provide 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) corrosion allowance except on tubing.

d. Gaskets

(1) Raised face flange gaskets in contact with HF acid shall be spiral wound Monel

Form QUA-03-1
Revision
Indication STANDARD SPECIFICATION
uop 4-12-4 Page 5 of 5
UOP LLC • 25 East Algonquin Road • Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 • USA

DATE STATUS APVD AUTHD

TUBULAR EXCHANGERS
HAIR PIN TYPE 02MAY05 Revised SAV RGP

with flexible graphite filler, or double jacketed Monel with flexible graphite filler in
accordance with ASME B16.20, or solid monel.

(2) Ring joint gaskets in contact with HF acid shall be solid Monel. Ring joint gaskets
shall be oval cross section. Gaskets shall be in accordance with ASME B16.20.

3.3 Seawater or Brackish Water Service

Material for internal elements shall be aluminum brass, 90-10 Cu-Ni, 70-30 Cu-Ni, or
titanium. When ammonia, amines, or hot sulfides are present on the process side, use
70-30 Cu-Ni or titanium only.

3.4 Hydrogen Service

When the UOP Project Specifications indicate hydrogen service, the following additional
requirements shall apply:

a. Use a separated head closure.

b. Parts in contact with hydrogen shall be killed carbon steel.

c. Gaskets shall be spiral wound or double jacketed graphite filled in accordance with
ASME B16.20, or a solid metal type. Spiral wound gaskets shall have stainless steel
windings and flexible graphite filler. For design pressures over 500 psig (35 kg/cm2(g)),
use a stainless steel inner ring. For design temperatures above 800ºF (430ºC), stainless
steel materials shall be Type 321 or 347.

d. Welds in contact with hydrogen shall be full penetration.

3.5 Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Service

When the UOP Project Specifications indicate wet hydrogen sulfide service, the following
additional requirements shall apply:

a. Parts in contact with wet hydrogen sulfide shall be killed carbon steel.

b. Provide 3/16 inch (5 mm) corrosion allowance except for tubing. Postweld heat treat the
shell.

c. Bolts for flanges shall be continuously threaded. Use ASME SA-193 grade B7M bolts
and ASME SA-194 grade 2M nuts.

Form QUA-03-1