Electricity Supply Act 447 - 04.10.2016

LAWS OF MALAYSIA
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ONLINE VERSION
OF UPDATED TEXT OF REPRINT
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Act 447
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
ACT 1990
As at 1 July 2016
2
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990
Date of Royal Assent ... ... ... ... … ... 22 August 1990
Date of publication in the Gazette ... … ... 30 August 1990
Latest amendment made by

Act A1501 which came into
operation on … … … 1 January 2016
PREVIOUS REPRINTS
First Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 2001
Second Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 2006

3
LAWS OF MALAYSIA
Act 447
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
PART I
PRELIMINARY
Section
1. Short title, commencement and application
2. Interpretation
PART II
ESTABLISHMENT
3. (Deleted)
PART III
FUNCTIONS, DUTIES, AND POWERS OF COMMISSION
4. Functions and duties

4A. Authorized officer
5. Power of entry by warrant or otherwise, inspection, examination, seizure,
etc.
5A. Cost of holding things seized
5B. Release of things seized
6. Powers of investigation
7. (Deleted)
8. Obstruction, etc. an offence
4 Laws of Malaysia ACT 447
PART IV
LICENSED AND REGISTERED INSTALLATIONS
Section
9. Licence required for use of installations: terms, conditions and contents of
licences
9A. Obligation to submit business plan
9B. Requirements on licensing
9C. Standards of performance of supply and services by licensees
9D. Proper annual accounts by licensee
9 E. Arrangement for procurement of electricity
10. Power to enter on and examine land
11. Power to enter on land for purposes of construction
12. Supply lines and other equipment on State land
13. Maintenance, repair and upgrading of installation
14. Removal or alteration of supply line, etc.
15. Saving of way leave agreements
16. Compensation
17. Reduction or cessation of supply: liability
18. Security: suspension of and revocation of licence
19. Restriction of use of specific purposes
20. Exemption of equipment from distress and attachment
21. Registration of installations
22. Periodical inspections of installations
22A. System Operator
22B. Single Buyer
PART V
COMPETENT CONTROL
23. Persons in charge

Electricity Supply 5
PART VA
EFFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY
Section
23A. Minister to determine standards, etc.
23B. Installation to meet requirements

23C. Equipment to meet requirements
23D. Registration of person providing service relating to efficient use of electricity
PART VI
SUPPLY BY LICENSEE
24. Duty to supply on request
25. Exceptions to duty to supply electricity
26. Power to fix tariffs and charges
26A. Licensee may levy surcharge
27. Power to recover expenses
28. Power to require security
28A. Return of security with interest
28B. Supply agreement with consumer
29. Special agreement with respect to supply
30. Determination of dispute
30A. Notification of dispute and binding decision by the Commission
30B. Register of decisions
31. Fixing of maximum prices for reselling electricity
32. Charge for supply of electricity to be ascertained by appropriate meter
PART VII
NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT OR FIRE
33. Serious accidents to be reported and investigated by the Commission

PART VIIA
SAFETY OF INSTALLATION AND EQUIPMENT
Section
33A. Responsibilities of licensee for safety
33B. Responsibilities of non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator,
licensee for retail and lincensee for a private installation for safety
33C. Undertaking electrical work
33D. Responsibilities relating to non-electrical work
33E. Compliance inspection
33F. Interpretation
PART VIII
ENQUIRY AND ARBITRATION
34. Procedure in relation to enquiry and arbitration

35. Power of holding enquiry
36. Arbitration
PART IX
OFFENCES AND PENALTY
37. Offences
37A. Offence committed by body corporate
37B. Offence of attempt and abetment
38. Disconnection of supply of electricity
39. Liabilities unaffected
40. Onus of proof
41. Compensation for damage
42. Prosecution
43. Compounding
44. Reward for information
44A. Use of supply line, etc., for purposes of communications under the
Communications and Multimedia Act 1998
PART IXA
ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY FUND
Section
44B. Contribution by licensee

44C. Electricity Industry Fund
44D. Investment
44E. Accounts
PART X
GENERAL
45. Precautions in execution of work

45A. Audit of licensees and non-domestic electrical installations owners or
operators
45B. Determination of standards of installation or equipment
45C. Keeping of records and documents
46. Electrical interference with Government signalling lines
47. Precautions against atmospheric electricity
48. Restriction of connection with the earth
49. Procedure in case of dangerous defect in installation or part thereof
50. Prohibition of employment of children
50A. Development of codes by the Commission and compliance of the codes
50B. Retention of documents by Commission
50C. Guidelines or directions by Commission
50D. Variation, review or revocation of codes, guidelines or directions by the
Commission
50E. Offence for non-compliance with codes, guidelines or directions of the
Commission
50F. Register of codes, guidelines or directions
51. Special powers of emergency
52. Power to declare sources of water
52A. Supply infrastructure information security
52B. Obligation to give information
PART XI
POWER TO MAKE REGULATIONS
Section
53. Power to make regulations
PART XII
MISCELLANEOUS
54. Exemptions
55. Transitional provision and restrictions attached to licences issued prior to

this Act
56. Repeal of Electricity Act 1949 and Electrical Inspectorate Act 1983 and
savings in respect thereof
FIRST SCHEDULE
SECOND SCHEDULE
THIRD SCHEDULE
9
LAWS OF MALAYSIA
Act 447
An Act to provide for the regulation of the electricity supply industry,

the supply of electricity at reasonable prices, the licensing of any
electrical installation, the control of any electrical installation, plant
and equipment with respect to matters relating to the safety of persons
and the efficient use of electricity and for purposes connected
therewith.
[1 September 1990, P.U. (B) 494/1990]
BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan

Agong with the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan
Rakyat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as
follows:
PART I
PRELIMINARY
Short title, commencement and application
1. (1) This Act may be cited as the Electricity Supply Act 1990
and shall come into force on such date as the Minister may, by
notification in the Gazette, appoint.
*
(2) This Act shall apply throughout Malaysia; however the
Minister may by order suspend the operation of the whole or any of
the provisions of this Act in any State.
*
NOTE—The operation of the whole of the Electricity Supply Act 1990 [Act 447] is suspended in the
State of Sarawak with effect from 1 September 1990—see P.U. (A) 272/1990.
Interpretation
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—
“aerial line” means an electric supply line which is placed above the
ground and in open air, and includes service lines;
“arbitration” means arbitration under and in accordance with section

36;
“area of supply” means the area within which a supply authority or

licensee is authorized to generate and/or supply electricity;
“authorized officer” means any public officer or officer of the

Commission who is authorized in writing by the Minister for the
purposes of this Act;
“authorized person” means a person appointed by the management

or the owner of an installation, or by a contractor, acting as an agent
for and/or on behalf of the management or owner, to carry out certain
duties incidental to the generation, transmission, distribution and
utilization of electricity:
Provided that the said person possesses the qualifications prescribed

for persons performing those duties, or if no qualifications are
prescribed, is competent for the purpose for which, he is employed, the
burden of proof of competency being on the employer;
“Chairman” means the Chairman of the Energy Commission

appointed by the Minister under the Energy Commission Act 2001 [Act
610];
“Chief Executive Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer of the

Commission;
“Commission” means the Energy Commission established under the

Energy Commission Act 2001;
“communications” has the meaning assigned to it under the

Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 [Act 588];
“competent person” means a person who holds a certificate of

competency issued by the Commission to perform work in accordance
with the restrictions, if any, stated in the certificate;
“conductor” means an electrical conductor arranged to be electrically

connected to a system;
“consumer” means a person who is supplied with electricity or whose

premises are for the time being connected for the purpose of supply of
electricity by a supply authority or a licensee;
“consumer electrical equipment” means an appliance, product,

wires, device, accessory or any part thereof, that uses low voltage
electricity that—
(a) is sold to the public; or
(b) does not require special skill in its operation;
“conversion” means the conversion of alternating current to direct

current or vice versa by static or dynamic means;
“danger” means danger to health or to human life or limb from shock,

burn, or other injury and includes danger to property, installation or
equipment resulting from the generation, transmission, distribution or
utilization of electricity;
“dead”, applied to any system or part of a system, means that it is not

live or alive;
“dishonestly” has the meaning assigned thereto in the Penal Code

[Act 574];
“District Land Administrator” has the meaning assigned to “Land

Administrator” by section 5 of the National Land Code [Act 56 of 1965]
and the meaning of “Collector” by section 4 of the Land Ordinance of
Sabah [Sabah Cap. 68] and for the State of Sarawak, “the Director” by
section 2 of the Land Code of Sarawak [Sarawak Cap. 81];
“electrical product” means any equipment, device or appliance other

than consumer electrical equipment;
“electrical work” means any work performed or carried out on an

electrical installation and includes the installing, constructing, erecting
or repairing, the altering of the structure, the replacing of any of its
parts, the adding of any part to it or the carrying out of any work for
the purposes of its maintenance, but does not include work in relation
to—
(a) the manufacturing of an electrical installation or the

assembling in the course of, or in connection with, its
manufacture for the purpose of producing a new article; or
(b) the oiling, greasing, cleaning or painting of an electrical

installation;
“electricity” means electrical energy or electrical power when

generated, produced, transmitted, distributed, supplied or utilized for
any purpose except for the transmission of any communication or
signal;
“electricity distribution network” means a system or part of a system

at nominal voltage below 66 kilovolts of electric lines or cables,
substations and associated equipment and buildings for distributing
electricity regardless of whether a generating plant is connected to such
system;
“electricity supply infrastructure” means the licensee’s—
(a) generating station;
(b) main supply lines and supply lines;

(c) substations for converting, transforming or controlling

electricity;
(d) equipment for metering, monitoring or controlling

electricity; and
(e) any wires, equipment and passages including tunnels and

cavities or others used for, or in connection with, the
generation, transmission, distribution or supply of
electricity;
“electricity transmission network” means a system or part of a

system at nominal voltage of 66 kilovolts and above of main supply
lines or cables, substations and associated equipment and building used
for conveying electricity—
(a) from a generating station to a substation;
(b) from one generating station to another;
(c) from one substation to another;
(d) to or from any interconnection point; or
(e) to the final consumer;
“equipment” includes any item for such purposes as generation,

conversion, transmission, distribution or utilization of electrical energy
or communications such as machines, transformers, apparatus,
measuring instruments, protective devices, wiring materials,
accessories, electrical product, consumer electrical equipment and
appliances;
“generating station” means any station for generating electricity,

including any building and plant used for the purpose, and the site
thereof, and includes a site intended to be used for a generating station,
but does not include any station for transforming, converting, or
distributing electricity;
“generator” means a rotating machine of any type for changing

mechanical energy into electrical energy;
“grievous hurt” and “hurt” have the meanings assigned thereto

respectively in the Penal Code;
“installation” means the whole of any plant or equipment under one

ownership or, where a management is prescribed, the person in charge
of the same management, designed for the supply or use, or both, as
the case may be, of electricity; including prime movers,
if any, with all necessary plant, buildings and land in connection
therewith, pipe line, supply line, electricity supply infrastructure,
domestic and non-domestic electrical installation and consuming
apparatus, if any;
“insulated” means covered or protected by insulating material;
“insulating”, used as an epithet to characterize any substance, means

of such size, quality and construction, according to circumstances, as
to afford adequate protection from danger;
“licence” means a licence issued under section 9 and includes any

licence issued under any other law enforced before the promulgation
of this Act;
“licensee” means a person licensed under section 9;
“live” or “alive”, applied to a system or any part of any system,

means that a voltage exists between any conductor and earth or
between any two conductors in the system;
“mains” means a supply line through which electricity is or can be

supplied, whether the line is in use or not;
“main supply line” means any high voltage or extra high voltage
supply line for transmitting electricity from a generating station to
another generating station or to a substation and includes any building
or part of a building used in connection with such supply line;
“management” means the person for the time being placed in charge
of an installation;
“meter” means any appliance, instrument, equipment or device used

for the purpose of measuring and recording the amount of electrical
energy or maximum demand or power factor or any combination;
“Minister” means the Minister for the time being charged with the
responsibility for matters relating to the supply of electricity;
“motor” means a motor of any type for the transformation of

electrical energy into mechanical energy;
“power factor” means the ratio of active power to the apparent

power;
“power quality” means the characteristics of the electricity at a given

point on an electrical system, evaluated against a set of reference
technical parameters such as voltage and current magnitude, frequency
or waveform;
“power system” means a combined system consisting of an

electricity transmission network, electricity distribution network and
generating stations connected to the electricity transmission network
and includes part of such system;
“prescribed”, unless otherwise specified, means prescribed by

regulations made under section 53;
“prime mover” means a machine supplying mechanical energy to a

generator;
“private installation” means an installation operated by a licensee or

owner solely for the supply of electricity to and use thereof on the
licensee’s or owner's own property or premises, or, in the case of a
consumer, taking electricity from a public installation or supply
authority, for use only on the licensee's or owner's property or
premises;
“private safety” means the obviation of danger to individuals or to

private property;
“public installation” means an installation operated by a licensee for

the supply of electricity to any person other than the licensee:
Provided that the licensee may use electricity for his own purposes
where the use is consistent with the terms of the licence;
“public lamp” means an electric lamp used for the lighting of any
street or other public place;
“public safety” means the obviation of danger to the general public,

to public property and to streets, railways, airports, ports, canals,
docks, wharves, piers, bridges, gasworks and their appurtenances and
telegraphic, telephonic and other electrical signalling lines owned or
operated by the Federal Government or any State Government;
“Registrar” means the Registrar as defined in the National Land

Code;
“reserved land” means land reserved for a public purpose, railway

reserves and forest reserves;
“retail” means the activity of supplying and selling of electricity to

end consumers;
“ring fence” means identifying and isolating the activities, assets,

costs, revenues and service obligations of a System Operator or a
Single Buyer from the licensee referred to in sections 22A and 22B
respectively through accounting, financial or legal separation or other
means as determined by the Commission so as to ensure that the
management of the System Operator or Single Buyer is capable of
acting independently from activities under the licence of the licensee
and to facilitate effective competition and enhance transparency in the
operations of the power system;
“Single Buyer” means any person or a unit, department or division

forming part of a licensee who is authorized under subsection 22B(1)
responsible for the management of procurement of electricity and
related services, which includes planning, scheduling, procuring and
settlement, and any other function as may be prescribed;
“State land” does not include reserved land and alienated land;
“street” includes any way, road, lane, path, square, court, alley,
passage or open space, whether a thoroughfare or not, over which the
public have a right of way and also the roadway and footway over any
public bridge;
“supply authority” means any statutory authority established by an

Act of Parliament or any other law to generate and/or supply
electricity;
“supply line” means a conductor or conductors or other means of

conveying, transmitting or distributing electricity, together with any
casing, coating, covering, tube, pipe, insulator or post enclosing,
surrounding or supporting the same or any part thereof, or any building
or equipment connected therewith for the purpose of transforming,
conveying, transmitting or distributing electricity;
“system” means an electrical system in which all the conductors and

equipment are electrically or magnetically connected;
“System Operator” means any person or a unit, department or

division forming part of a licensee who is authorized under subsection
22A(1) responsible for system security, operational planning, dispatch
of generating units, real time operation and control of the power system
and any other function as may be prescribed;
“transformation” means the transformation of voltage from lower to

a higher voltage or vice versa.
PART II
ESTABLISHMENT
3. (Deleted by Act A1116).
PART III
FUNCTIONS, DUTIES AND POWERS OF COMMISSION
Functions and duties
4. The Commission shall carry out such functions and duties as

follows:
(a) to issue licences under section 9 of this Act;
(b) to exercise regulatory functions in respect of the service of

providing electricity by the licensee including the
determination of supply and services standards,
performance standards and standards of facilities and
services and the enforcement thereof;
(c) to promote competition in the generation and supply of

electricity to, inter alia, ensure the optimum supply of
electricity at reasonable prices;
(d) to exercise regulatory function in respect of the consumers’

interests and the enforcement in respect of—
(i) the prices to be charged and the other conditions of

electricity supply;
(ii) the continuity of electricity supply;
(iii) the quality of the electricity supply services provided;

and
(iv) the quality of electricity supply which includes

reliability and power quality;
(e) to secure that all reasonable demands for electricity are

satisfied;
(ea) to regulate the activities of the licensee so that all reasonable

demands for electricity are satisfied;
(f) to ensure that licensees are able to finance the carrying on of

the activities which they are authorized by their licences to
carry on;
(g) to promote and encourage the generation of electricity

with a view to the economic development of Malaysia;
(ga) to promote the establishment and maintenance of safe and

efficient systems for electricity generation, transmission,
distribution and supply to consumers and the continued
improvement of safety requirements;
(gb) to enforce standards for electrical installations and

licensee’s electricity supply infrastructure, electrical
products and consumer electrical equipment;
(h) to regulate the interval and manner in which any electrical

installation or equipment shall be inspected;
(i) to devise the nature of test to be employed and to prescribe

minimum qualifications and practical experience for any
purpose in the pursuance of this Act;
(j) to investigate any accident or fire involving any electrical

installation;
(k) to provide, where necessary, for the registration of any

installation, person providing service relating to efficient use
of electricity, private wiring unit, electrical contractor,
electrical services contractor, electrical repair contractor,
manufacturer and importer, training and examination center
or institution, conformity assessment bodies and any

competent person, as may be prescribed;
(l) to prescribe the minimum standards and specifications and

appraise and approve, where necessary, any electrical
installation or equipment;
(la) to promote the efficient use of electricity;
(lb) to review or audit any of the information which a licensee is

required to furnish to the Commission;
(lc) to audit or cause to be audited activities of any licensee or

any other person determined by the Commission; and
(m) to carry on all such other activities as may appear to the

Commission requisite, advantageous or convenient for the
purpose of carrying out or in connection with the
performance of his functions and duties under this Act.
Authorized officer
4A. (1) The Minister may in writing authorize any public officer or
officer of the Commission to exercise the powers of enforcement under
this Act.
(2) Any such officer shall be deemed to be a public servant within

the meaning of the Penal Code.
(3) In exercising any of the powers of enforcement under this Act,

an authorized officer shall on demand produce to the person against
whom he is acting the authority issued to him by the Minister.
Power of entry by warrant or otherwise, inspection, examination,

seizure, etc.
5. (1) An authorized officer may, for the purposes of discharging

any of his duties or carrying out any of his functions under this Act or
any regulation made thereunder, or otherwise for any of the purposes
of this Act or any regulation, enter at any reasonable time upon any
land, house or building with or without supply of electricity to inspect
and examine any part of an installation or equipment, or for other
proper cause.
(2) In every case where information is given on oath to any

magistrate that there is reasonable cause for suspecting that there is in
any land, house or building any article, thing, book, document,
installation or part thereof used or intended to be used in relation to
which any offence under this Act has been committed, he shall issue a
warrant under his hand by virtue of which any authorized officer or
police officer not below the rank of Inspector named or referred to in
the warrant may enter the land, house or building at any reasonable
time by day or night, and search for and seize or seal any such article,
thing, book, document, installation or part thereof:
Provided that if an authorized officer or police officer not below the

rank of Inspector is satisfied upon information received that he has
reasonable grounds for believing that by reason of delay in obtaining a
search warrant, any article, thing, book, document, installation or part
thereof used to commit or to be used to commit an offence under this
Act is likely to be removed or destroyed, he may enter such land, house
or building without a warrant and seize or seal any such article, thing,
book, document, installation or part thereof from therein.
(3) An authorized officer or a police officer not below the rank of

Inspector making the search may seize any article, thing, book,
document, installation or part thereof used or intended to be used or
capable of being used for the purpose of committing an offence under
this Act and if such article, thing, book, document, installation or part
thereof is seized, he shall produce the same before the magistrate, and
upon such production the magistrate shall direct the same to be kept in
the custody of the authorized officer or the police for the purpose of
any investigation or prosecution under this Act.
(4) Any authorized officer or police officer not below the rank of
Inspector may in the exercise of his powers under subsection (2) or (3),
if it is necessary so to do—
(a) break open any outer or inner door of the dwelling house or
any other premises and enter thereinto;
(b) forcibly enter the place and every part thereof;
(c) remove by force any obstruction to entry, search, seizure and

removal as he is empowered to effect; and
(d) detain every person found in the place until the place has
been searched.
(5) The authorized officer or police officer not below the rank of
Inspector seizing any article, thing, book, document, installation or part
thereof under subsection (2) or (3) shall prepare a list of the things
seized and forthwith deliver a copy signed by him to the occupier, or
his agents or servants present in the premises and if the premises are
unoccupied, such authorized officer or police officer shall wherever
possible post a list of the things seized on the premises.
(6) An authorized officer shall at all times carry an official

identification card or badge in such form as may be prescribed, and no
person shall be obliged to admit to his land, house or building any
person purporting to be an authorized officer except upon production
of the identification card or badge.
Cost of holding things seized
5A. Where any equipment, instrument, material, book, record, account,

document, goods or thing seized under this Act or its subsidiary
legislation is held in the custody of the Government or the Commission
pending completion of any proceedings in respect of an offence under
this Act or its subsidiary legislation, the cost of holding such
equipment, instrument, material, book, record, account, document,
goods or thing in custody shall, in the event of any person being found
guilty of an offence, be a debt due to the Government or the
Commission, as the case may be, by such person and shall be
recoverable accordingly.
Release of things seized
5B. (1) If any equipment, instrument, material, book, record, account,

document, goods or thing has been seized under this Act, the
authorized officer who effected the seizure, may at any time after that,
with the consent of the Public Prosecutor, release the equipment,
instrument, material, book, record, account, document, goods or thing
to the person as he determines to be lawfully entitled to the equipment,
instrument, material, book, record, account, document, goods or thing
if he is satisfied that the equipment, instrument, material, book, record,
account, document, goods or thing is not otherwise required for the
purpose of any proceedings under this Act or its subsidiary legislation,
or for the purpose of any prosecution under any other written law, and
in such event, neither the officer effecting the seizure, nor the
Government, the Commission or any person acting on behalf of the
Government or the Commission shall be liable to any proceedings by
any person if the seizure and the release of the equipment, instrument,
material, book, record, account, document, goods or thing had been
effected in good faith.
(2) A record in writing shall be made by the authorized officer

effecting the release of anything under subsection (1) specifying in
detail the circumstances of and the reason for the release and send a
copy of the record to the Public Prosecutor.
Powers of investigation
6. (1) The Commission shall have the power to investigate the

commission of any offence under this Act or any regulation made
thereunder.
(2) The Commission may, in relation to any investigation in respect

of any offence committed under this Act or any regulation made
thereunder, exercise the special powers in relation to police

investigation except that the power to arrest without warrant given by
the Criminal Procedure Code [Act 593] in any seizable offence may
not be exercised by the Commission.
7. (Deleted by Act A1501).
Obstruction, etc. an offence
8. Any person who—
(a) refuses any authorized officer or police officer not below the
rank of Inspector access to any place;
(b) assaults, obstructs, hinders or delays any authorized officer

or police officer not below the rank of Inspector in effecting
any entry which he is entitled to effect under this Act, or in
the execution of any duty imposed or power conferred by
this Act;
(c) refuses to give to any authorized officer or police officer not

below the rank of Inspector any information relating to an
offence or suspected offence under this Act or any other
information which may reasonably be required of him and
which he has in his knowledge or power to give;
(ca) refuses to give any officer of the Commission any

information which may reasonably be required of him and
which he has in his knowledge or power to give relating to
any matter under the functions, duties and powers of the
Commission under section 4; or
(d) knowingly gives false information,

commits an offence and on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding

fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three
years or to both.
PART IV
LICENSED AND REGISTERED INSTALLATIONS
Licence required for use of installations: terms, conditions and

contents of licences
9. (1) Subject to any exemptions as may be granted under this Act,

no person, other than a supply authority, shall—
(a) use, work or operate or permit to be used, worked or

operated any installation; or
(b) supply to or for the use of any other person electricity from
any installation,
except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a

licence as may be prescribed authorizing the supply or use, as the case
may be.
(2) Licences may be granted by the Commission with the approval

of the Minister upon payment of such fees and upon such terms and
conditions as appear to be requisite or expedient having regard to the
duties imposed by section 4.
(2A) The Commission may, whether a notice has been served or not,
levy a surcharge for the late payment of fees due to from a licensee to
the Commission, at a rate of one per cent per month or part of a month
on such fees or at any other rate as may be prescribed.
(2B) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the Commission may grant a

licence upon payment of fees and upon such conditions as appear to be
requisite or expedient having regard to the duties imposed by section
4 in respect of any installation as may be prescribed.
(2C) The Commission may, from time to time, issue codes,

guidelines or directions in respect of any installation.
(3) No licence shall be capable of being transferred unless the

written consent of the Minister has been given.
(4) Licences may be for such periods as the Commission may in

each several case approve:
Provided that no licence shall without the express approval of the

Minister be for a period exceeding twenty-one years.
(5) The duration of any licence shall be set out therein.
(6) Any licence for a public installation shall set out—
(a) the area of supply;
(b) the declared voltage and the variations permitted there from;
(c) the maximum charges payable by consumers; and
(d) such other matters as the Commission may consider

necessary.
(7) The Commission may, with the approval of the Minister, at any
time—
(a) impose any additional terms or conditions on the licences,

including existing licences; or
(b) amend any terms or conditions imposed on the licences,
in accordance with the procedure as may be prescribed.

Obligation to submit business plan
9A. (1) The Commission may request any licensee to submit a five
year, or such other period as determined by the Commission, rolling
business plan updated on an annual basis or any other time period as
determined by the Commission according to procedures provided in
the guidelines issued by the Commission.
(2) Any licensee who contravenes this section commits an offence.
Requirements on licensing
9B. (1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act, if at any time
it appears to the Commission that a licensee has failed to comply with
any requirement of or to meet any of its duties or obligations under this
Act or its subsidiary legislation or the conditions of the licence, the
Commission may require the licensee to rectify the failure or to comply
with the requirements, duties or obligations or licence conditions
within a specified period.
(2) The licensee referred to in subsection (1) shall take all reasonable
measures to comply and submit periodic compliance reports on the
measures taken to the satisfaction of the Commission.
Standards of performance of supply and services by licensees
9C. (1) The Commission may, from time to time, issue codes,
guidelines or directions on such standards of performance of supply
and services to be implemented by a licensee including procedures
for—
(a) reasonably meeting consumer requirements;
(b) handling consumer complaints and disputes;

(c) procedures for the compensation of consumers in case of a

breach of the standards of performance or a breach of any of
the licensee’s obligations under the Act; and
(d) the protection of consumer information.
(2) Any action taken by the Commission pursuant to this section in

respect of any failure by any licensee to meet the standards referred to
in subsection (1), shall not prejudice or affect any other remedy which
may be available in respect of the act or omission of the licensee which
constituted that failure under any other law including the Consumer
Protection Act 1999 [Act 599].
(3) The Commission may direct the licensee to provide any

information on the levels of performance achieved and services
provided in respect of the standards referred to in subsection (1) to
consumers or potential consumers.
(4) A licensee shall publish its own standards of consumer services

in accordance with the codes, guidelines or directions referred to in
subsection (1).
Proper annual accounts by licensee
9D. (1) The licensee shall keep and maintain proper annual accounts of
activities under the licence containing sufficient details as may be
required of any revenues, costs, assets, liabilities, reserves or any other
related matters.
(2) The accounts shall also be in accordance with any guidelines or

directions as the Commission may, from time to time, issue to the
licensee and such accounts shall be submitted to the Commission
accordingly.
Arrangement for procurement of electricity
9E. In exercising its functions under paragraph 4(d), any arrangement

by licensees or the Single Buyer for the procurement of electricity
through the electricity transmission network, shall be subject to the
approval of the Commission.
Power to enter on and examine land
10. (1) Whenever it appears to the licensee that it will be necessary

for him to exercise the powers conferred upon him by this Act in
respect of any land other than State land for the purpose of constructing
an installation or part of an installation, the licensee or any person
authorized by him may, after giving not less than twenty-four hours
notice to the occupier thereof, if any, enter upon the land, survey and
take levels and do any other acts necessary to ascertain the suitability
of the land, in so far as the same may be possible without causing
damage or disturbance.
(2) Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize any

person to cut down or clear away any vegetation or any fence or other
erection or to enter into any building or upon any enclosure attached to
any building.
(3) In the case of reserved land, the notice under subsection (1) may
be given to the officer or any other person in charge of the reserved
land or, in the absence of any such officer or person, to the District
Land Administrator.
Power to enter on land for purposes of construction
11. (1) Subject to as hereinafter provided, whenever it is necessary

so to do for the purpose of installing any system of distribution of
electricity under this Act, a licensee may lay, place or carry on, under
or over any land, other than State land, such posts and other equipment
as may be necessary or proper for the purposes of the licensed
installation, as the case may be, and may take such other action as may
be necessary to render the installation safe and efficient, paying full
compensation in accordance with section 16 to all persons interested

for any disturbance, damage or disability that may be caused thereby
and such compensation may include an annual payment for land used
for the purpose of the posts or other equipment.
(2) Before entering on any land for the purpose specified in

subsection (1), the licensee shall give a notice stating as fully and
accurately as possible the nature and extent of the acts intended to be
done. The notice shall be substantially in the form set out in the First
Schedule and the District Land Administrator shall specify a date upon
which the State Authority shall inquire into any objection that may
have been made as herein after provided.
(3) The aforesaid notice shall be given—
(a) in the case of alienated land, to the owner or occupier;
(b) in the case of reserved land, to the officer or any other person
in charge of the reserved land or, in the absence of any such
officer or person, to the District Land Administrator,
and may be sent by registered post or be left at the usual or last known
place of abode of the person to whom it is to be given or served by the
licensee or the District Land Administrator at the expense of the
licensee, either in the manner herein before provided or in the manner
provided for the service of notices by any written law relating to land
in force in the State where the land is situated.
(4) Any of the persons mentioned in subsection (3) may, within

fourteen days of the receipt of the notice therein referred to, lodge an
objection to the intended acts of the licensee. The objection may be
made to the District Land Administrator, either verbally or in writing,
and the District Land Administrator shall give notice of the objection
to the State Authority and to the licensee.
(5) If no objection is lodged within the time limited for that purpose
by subsection (4), the licensee may forthwith enter on the land and do
all or any of the acts specified in the notice given under subsection (2).
(6) If an objection is lodged and is not withdrawn before the date

fixed for the hearing thereof, the District Land Administrator shall hold
an enquiry, giving all parties an opportunity to be heard.
(7) Upon the conclusion of the enquiry the District Land

Administrator may either unconditionally or subject to such terms,
conditions and stipulations as he thinks fit, make an order authorizing
or prohibiting any of the acts mentioned in the notice given under
subsection (2). The order shall be substantially in the form set out in
the Second Schedule:
Provided that any party who is dissatisfied with the District Land
Administrator's order may within twenty one days after the order
appeal against such an order to the State Authority which may then
uphold, set aside or vary the order upon such terms, conditions and
stipulations as it thinks fit.
(8) The State Authority may, if it thinks fit, in lieu of making an

order under subsection (7), direct the acquisition of any land or part of
any land included in a notice given under subsection (2).
(9) The decision of the State Authority under this section shall be
final.
(10) Notwithstanding any written law relating to land matters, the

Registrar—
(a) upon the production to him of the notice issued by the

licensee under subsection (2) together with the statement by
the District Land Administrator that no objection had been
lodged by any of the persons mentioned in subsection (3); or
(b) upon the production to him of the original order made under
subsection (7) and upon the deposit with him of a certified
copy of such order,
shall cause to be made on the register document of title relating to the

land affected by the notice or order as the case may be, a note of the
existence of the rights under such notice or order.
Supply lines and other equipment on State land
12. (1) Subject to the approval of the State Authority and to such
conditions as the State Authority may deem proper, a licence may
extend to authorizing the licensee to lay, place or carry on, under or
over State land, such supply lines and to erect and maintain in or upon
State land such posts and other equipment as may in the opinion of the
Commission be necessary or proper for the purposes of the licensed
installation.
(2) All equipment placed in or upon State land which is not

removed therefrom within six months, or such longer period as the
State Government may permit, after the expiration or early
determination of the licence under the authority whereof the same was
so placed, shall vest in and become the property of the Government of
the State wherein the same is situated.
Maintenance, repair and upgrading of installation
13. Whenever it is necessary so to do for the purpose of maintaining,

repairing or upgrading any licensed installation or any part thereof, the
licensee, or any person authorized by him in that behalf, may at all
reasonable times enter upon any land on, under or over which supply
lines have been laid, placed or carried, or upon which posts or other
equipment have been erected, and may carry out all necessary repairs,
and may, in the course thereof, fell or lop trees, remove vegetation and
do all other things necessary to the said purpose, causing as little
damage as possible and paying full compensation in accordance with
section 16 to all persons interested for any damage that may be caused
thereby for which compensation has not already been assessed under
section 11.
Removal or alteration of supply line, etc.
14. (1) Where a supply line has been laid, or posts or equipment
erected, on any land under section 11, and if any of the persons
mentioned in subsection 11(3) desires to use the land in such a manner

as to render it necessary or convenient that the line, posts or equipment
should be removed to another part of the land, or to land at a higher or
lower level, or be altered in form, he may require the licensee, to
remove or alter the line, posts or equipment accordingly.
(2) (a) If the licensee omits to comply with the requisition, the
person may apply in writing to the State Authority which may, in its
discretion, after enquiring into all the facts of the case, reject the
application or make an order, either absolutely or subject to certain
conditions, for the removal or alteration of the line, posts or equipment.
The order shall provide for the payment of the cost of executing the
removal or alteration by the licensee or by the person making the
application, as the State Authority may consider equitable in the
circumstances of the case.
(b) The State Authority may, instead of itself enquiring into a

case under this subsection, direct the District Land Administrator to
make such enquiry on its behalf and to make recommendations to it.
(3) Whenever the State Authority has made an order for the
removal or alteration of any main supply line, the licensee may, instead
of removing or altering the supply line, apply to the State Authority to
direct the acquisition of such land as is required for the purposes of the
line, and the State Authority may direct the acquisition accordingly.
(4) Whenever the State Authority is authorized by this section to

direct the acquisition of any land, the licensed installation shall be
deemed to be a work of public utility and any written law relating to
land acquisition in force in the State where the land is situated shall be
enforced accordingly.
(5) Whenever a supply line has been laid, or posts or equipment

erected on State land by a licensee and the land is subsequently
alienated to any person, the owner or occupier of the land may, unless
the terms of alienation expressly provide otherwise, require the
removal of the supply line to another part of the land, or to land at a
higher or lower level, or the alteration of the line, posts or equipment,
and subsections (1) to (4) shall apply to any such requisition:
Provided that the cost of executing the removal or alteration shall be

defrayed by the person making the requisition.
Saving of way leave agreements
15. (1) Nothing in section 11 or section 14 shall—
(a) affect the right of a licensee to enter into an agreement,

commonly known as a way leave agreement, with the owner
or occupier of any land for the purpose of carrying a supply
line across the land; or
(b) affect any such way leave agreement subsisting at the

commencement of this Act.
(2) Notwithstanding any written law relating to land, the Registrar,

upon the production to him of the original and the deposit with him of
a certified copy of any such way leave agreement as is referred to in
subsection (1), shall cause to be made on the register document of title
relating to the land affected by the way leave agreement a note of the
existence of the way leave agreement.
(3) Where a way leave agreement relates to land which is a holding

included in the Interim Register—
(a) subsection (2) shall apply as if “Commissioner” and

“appropriate folio of the Interim Register” were substituted
for “Registrar” and “register document of title” respectively;
and
(b) when final documents of title are issued for the land under
section 39 of the National Land Code (Penang and Malacca
Titles) Act 1963 [Act 518], any note made pursuant to that
subsection as varied by paragraph (a) shall (if it is still
effective immediately before the issue of those documents)
be entered by the Commissioner on the register document of
title and shall continue to have effect as if it had been entered

under that subsection.
(4) So long as there remains on the register document of title or the

appropriate folio of the Interim Register a note made pursuant to
subsection (2) or (3), all dealings with the land to which the note relates
shall be deemed to be subject to the rights of the licensee under and by
virtue of the way leave agreement in respect of which the note has been
made.
(5) Where a note or registration of a way leave agreement made

before 1 January 1966, pursuant to subsection (2) or (3) as then in force
remained effective immediately before that date, then, for the purposes
of subsection (4)—
(a) it shall be regarded as a note made pursuant to subsection

(2); or
(b) if it relates to land included as a holding in the Interim

Register it shall be entered on the appropriate folio of the
Interim Register and shall then be regarded as a note made
pursuant to subsection (3).
(6) In this section—
“Commissioner” and “Interim Register” have the meanings assigned

thereto respectively by the National Land Code (Penang and Malacca
Titles) Act 1963.
Compensation
16. (1) The amount of compensation, if any, payable under section

11 or 13 shall be assessed by the District Land Administrator after such
enquiry as he shall deem sufficient. The assessment shall be
substantially in the form set out in the Third Schedule:
Provided further that no compensation shall be payable by the

licensee in respect of any tree within fifty feet of the center line of any
road constructed or maintained by the State Government or by any
local authority unless it is proved that the tree was in existence prior to
the construction of the road.
(2) Any person aggrieved with the District Land Administrator's

assessment may within twenty-one days after the assessment appeal to
the State Authority whose decision shall be final.
Reduction or cessation of supply: liability
17. (1) Any licensee may reduce, as he may think fit, the quantity of
electricity supplied to any consumer if by reason of any unforeseen
circumstances electricity generated is insufficient to enable the full
quantity to be conveniently supplied.
(2) Where the quantity of electricity has been reduced as

aforesaid—
(a) no liability shall be incurred by the licensee in respect of any

loss or damage caused by the reduction; and
(b) in appropriate cases, an abatement in the charges for the

supply of electricity shall be made in proportion to the
reduction made.
(3) Any licensee shall not be liable for any damage to any person or
property or for any cessation of the supply of electricity which may be
due to unavoidable accident, fair wear and tear or overloading due to
unauthorized connection of equipment, or to reasonable requirements
of the system, or to defects in any installation not provided by the
licensee, but shall be liable only when the damage or cessation is
shown to have resulted from negligence on the part of persons
employed by the licensee, his agents or servants, as the case may be,
or from his faulty construction of the installation.
(4) Without prejudice to subsection (3), the licensee shall rectify and
repair any damage to ensure continuation of the supply of electricity
and where applicable, compensate for any damage within the period of
time as directed by the Commission if it is shown to have resulted from

the negligence of the licensee, his agents or servants, as the case may
be.
Security: suspension of and revocation of licence
18. (1) Before the issue of any licence the Commission may require
such security as the Commission may specify to be furnished for the
due observance of the terms and conditions of the licence and of this
Act.
(2) A licence may at any time be suspended or revoked by the

Commission upon breach of any of the conditions thereof or in default
of payment of any moneys accrued due thereunder, or if the licensee
ceases to work or operate the installation in respect of which the licence
has been granted:
Provided that, where a licence has been suspended or revoked on the

ground that the licensee has ceased to work or operate an installation,
the licensee may, if he considers that he has suffered or may suffer
undue hardship by reason of the suspension or revocation, appeal to
the Minister against the suspension or revocation, and the decision of
the Minister on the appeal shall be final.
(3) The licensee shall not be entitled to compensation for any loss
caused to him by the suspension or revocation of a licence under this
section.
(4) Upon termination of a licence, the licensee shall remove his

installation and equipment within three months from the date of
termination, failing which the licensee shall be liable for all costs
whatsoever incurred in the removal thereof and such costs may be
recovered from the security deposited (if any) under subsection (1).
Restriction of use to specified purposes
19. A licensee who is, by the conditions of his licence, restricted to

using or supplying electricity for specified purposes only, shall not use
or supply electricity for any purpose other than those so specified.
Exemption of equipment from distress and attachment
20. When any electrical equipment belonging to a licensee has been

placed in or upon premises not owned or occupied by the licensee, for
the purpose of supplying or measuring electricity, such equipment
shall not be subject to distress nor be liable to be taken in execution
under any process of a court or in any bankruptcy or insolvency
proceedings against any person.
Registration of installations
21. (1) Before the completion of a new installation, other than an

installation belonging to a supply authority or an installation operated
or owned by a licensee, the owner of the installation shall forward, in
duplicate, to the Commission, an application for registration in the
prescribed form.
(1A) The Commission shall cause inspection and tests to be made

within the prescribed period and, if the installation satisfies the
requirements of this Act, shall issue or cause to be issued a Certificate
of Registration in the prescribed form.
(2) No person shall possess or operate an installation, other than an

installation excluded under subsection (1) unless the installation is
registered on a valid Certificate of Registration.
(3) Certificates of Registration shall be surrendered by the owner or

licensee to the Commission for cancellation if the installation is no
longer required to be used. Thereafter, if the owner or licensee wishes
to operate the installation again, the said installation shall be treated in

all respects as if it is a new installation.
(4) A Certificate of Registration may be cancelled in accordance

with regulations made under section 53.
(5) Certificates of Registration shall not be transferred without the

permission of the Commission.
Periodical inspections of installations
22. (1) Subject to any exemption granted under this Act any person
who intends to construct, extend or alter any installation shall give
notice of the proposed construction, extension or alteration to the
Commission. Such person or a person authorized by him shall submit
plans and obtain prior approval from the Commission who may
periodically inspect the installation thereof.
(2) In addition to periodical inspections during construction,

extension or alteration and final inspections on completion, all
installations, while in operation, shall be subject to such periodical
inspections as may be prescribed.
(3) The management or person in charge of any installation or the

construction, extension or alteration of any installation shall afford full
facilities for inspection during working hours.
System Operator
22A. (1) The Minister may, upon the recommendation of the

Commission, authorize or revoke the authorization of any person or a
unit, department or division forming part of a licensee to be a System
Operator by order published in the Gazette.
(2) The System Operator shall comply with any regulations, codes,
guidelines or directions with regards to its functions as may be made
or issued by the Minister or the Commission, as the case may be, under
this Act.
(3) A System Operator, pursuant to discharging its functions under

this Act, shall ensure non-discriminatory conduct and optimal
operation of such power system to the extent that it does not
compromise the reliability, security and safety of the power system.
(4) The Commission may, from time to time, issue codes, guidelines
or directions to ring fence the System Operator from activities under
the licence of the licensee which are not related to its function as a
System Operator.
Single Buyer
22B. (1) The Minister may, upon the recommendation of the

Commission, authorize or revoke the authorization of any person or a
unit, department or division forming part of a licensee to be a Single
Buyer by order published in the Gazette.
(2) The Single Buyer shall comply with any regulations, codes,
guidelines or directions with regards to its functions as may be made
or issued by the Minister or the Commission, as the case may be, under
this Act.
(3) A Single Buyer, pursuant to discharging its functions under this

Act, shall ensure non-discriminatory conduct and optimal operation of
such power system to the extent that it does not compromise the
reliability, security and safety of the power system.
(4) The Commission may, from time to time, issue codes,

guidelines or directions to ring fence the Single Buyer from activities
under the licence of the licensee which are not related to its function
as a Single Buyer.
PART V
COMPETENT CONTROL
Persons in charge
23. (1) No installation or electrical plant equipment other than those

owned or managed by a supply authority shall be worked or operated
except by or under the control of persons possessing such
qualifications and holding such certificates as may be prescribed, and
no person not possessing the qualifications or holding a certificate as
aforesaid shall be in charge of any installation or shall control the
operation of any electrical plant or equipment.
(2) Any person who contravenes this section commits an offence

and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand
ringgit and, if the contravention be continued, to a fine not exceeding
one thousand ringgit for everyday or part of a day during which the
contravention is continued after conviction.
PART VA
EEFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY
Minister to determine standards, etc.
23A. The Minister may, from time to time, prescribe the standards,
specifications, practices and measures to be adopted and any other
matters in respect of the efficient use of electricity.
Installation to meet requirements
23B. No person shall use or operate any installation unless the

installation meets such requirements as may be prescribed in respect
of the efficient use of electricity.
Equipment to meet requirements
23C. No person shall manufacture, import, sell or offer for sale

or lease any equipment unless the equipment meets such requirements
as may be prescribed in respect of the efficient use of electricity.
Registration of person providing service relating to efficient use of

electricity
23D. No person shall provide any service relating to efficient use of

electricity unless registered under this Act.
PART VI
SUPPLY BY LICENSEE
Duty to supply on request
24. (1) Subject to the following provisions of this Part and any
regulation made thereunder, a licensee shall upon being required to do
so by the owner or occupier of any premises—
(a) give a supply of electricity to those premises; and
(b) so far as may be necessary for that purpose, provide supply

lines or any electrical plant or equipment.
(2) Where any person requires a supply of electricity under

subsection (1) he shall give to the licensee a notice specifying—
(a) the premises in respect of which the supply is required;
(b) the day on which the supply is required to commence;
(c) the maximum power which may be required at any time;

and
(d) the minimum period for which the supply is required to be

given.
(3) Where a licensee receives from any person a notice under

subsection (2) requiring him to give a supply of electricity to any
premises and—
(a) he has not previously given supply of electricity to those

premises;
(b) the giving of the supply requires the provision of supply

lines or electrical equipment or plant; or
(c) other circumstances exist which make it necessary or

expedient for him to do so,
the licensee shall, as soon as practicable after receiving that notice,

give to the person a notice under subsection (4).
(4) A notice under this subsection shall—
(a) state the extent to which the proposals specified in the notice
under subsection (2) are acceptable to the licensee and
specify any counter proposals made by the licensee;
(b) state whether the prices to be charged by the licensee will be

determined by a tariff under subsection 26(1), or by a special
agreement under subsection 29(1) and specify the tariff or
the proposed terms of the agreement;
(c) specify any payment which the person will be required to

make under subsection 27(1); and
(c) specify any security which the person will be required to give
under section 28.
(5) In this section and in sections 25 to 29 of this Part—
(a) any reference to giving a supply of electricity includes a

reference to continuing to give such a supply;
(b) any reference to requiring a supply of electricity includes a

reference to requiring such a supply to continue to be given;
and
(c) any reference to the provision of a supply line or an item of

electrical equipment or plant is a reference to the provision
of such a line or item either by the installation of a new one
or by the modification of an existing one.
(6) Any person who unlawfully—
(a) hinders, prevents or obstructs the supply of electricity from

being given by the licensee to the consumer;
(b) hinders, prevents or obstructs the supply of electricity to any

consumer from being disconnected by the licensee in
accordance with this Act; or
(c) causes the supply of electricity to any consumer to be

disconnected,
commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not

exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding three years or to both.
Exceptions to duty to supply electricity
25. Nothing in subsection 24(1) shall be taken as requiring a licensee

to give a supply of electricity to any premises if—
(a) (i) the supply of electricity is already being given to the

premises by another licensee; and
(ii) such supply is given whether wholly or partly through

the licensee's supply lines and electrical equipment or
plant;
(aa) the premises, being a commercial or industrial premises—

(i) is located on land without the consent of the landowner;
(ii) has not been approved pursuant to or is in contravention

of the Local Government Act 1976 [Act 171] and
Town and Country Planning Act 1976 [Act 172]; or
(iii) is in contravention of any other written law;
(b) he is prevented from doing so by the malfunction or failure

of any electricity supply infrastructure, electrical system,
equipment or installation beyond his control, or as a result
of fire, flood, landslide, explosion, accident, industrial
disturbance on a national level, emergency, riot, civil
disturbance or war, or any other similar event not within the
control of the licensee;
(c) circumstances exist by reason of which his doing so will or

may involve his breach of any regulation under this Act; or
(d) it is not reasonable in all the circumstances for him to be

required to do so:
Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in relation to

a supply of electricity which is being given to any premises
unless the licensee has given to the occupier or to the owner,
if the premises are not occupied, a notice of not less than
seven working days of his intention to discontinue the
supply of electricity.
Power to fix tariffs and charges
26. (1) The Commission may determine tariffs and charges to be

levied, with the approval of the Minister, by a licensee.
(2) The Commission may, from time to time, issue guidelines on

tariffs and charges including—
(a) the methodology, principles, category and design of tariffs

and charges;
(b) the duration for the imposition of tariffs and charges and for
the review of the tariffs and charges; and
(c) the submission of any information as the Commission deems

requisite and necessary.
(3) A licensee shall submit a proposal on tariffs and charges to the

Commission in accordance with the guidelines issued by the
Commission under subsection (2).
(4) The approved tariffs and charges shall be published by the

licensee in such manner as in the opinion of the Commission will
secure adequate publicity for it.
(5) The approved tariffs and charges under subsection (1) may
include but not limited to—
(a) a fixed charge in addition to the charge for the actual

electricity supplied;
(b) a charge in respect of the availability of a supply of

electricity and such charge may vary according to the extent
of supply;
(c) a rent or other charge in respect of any electricity meter or

electrical plant or equipment provided by the licensee;
(d) a rate or quantum of discount or premium from the approved

tariff in respect of certain type of consumers or public
purposes as determined by the Minister; and
(e) a rate or quantum of payment, charge or levy of any sum

pursuant to any other written law or any guidelines issued
by the Commission.
(6) In levying tariffs and charges pursuant to subsection (1) and

entering into special agreements under section 29, a licensee shall not
show undue preference or discrimination as among consumers or
persons similarly situated having regard to the place and time of
supply, the quantity of electricity supplied, the consumer load and

power factor, and the purpose for which the supply is taken.
Licensee may levy surcharge
26A. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Act, a licensee

may levy a surcharge subject to such conditions and at such rates as
may be prescribed for late payment of monies due from a consumer to
the licensee in respect of the electricity supplied by the licensee.
Power to recover expenses
27. (1) Where any supply line or electrical plant or equipment is

provided by a licensee pursuant to subsection 24(1), the licensee may
require any expenses reasonably incurred as determined by the
Commission to be defrayed by the person requiring the supply of
electricity to such extent as is reasonable having regard to the
circumstances.
(2) The expenses reasonably incurred in providing any supply line

or electrical plant or equipment under subsection (1) include the
capitalized value of any expenses likely to be so incurred in
maintaining it, if such expenses cannot be recovered by the licensee as
part of the tariffs levied by him for the supply.
Power to require security
28. (1) A licensee may require any person who requires a supply of
electricity pursuant to subsection 24(1) to give him reasonable security
for all moneys which may become due to him—
(a) in respect of the electricity supply; or
(b) where any supply line or electrical plant or equipment has to

be provided under the same subsection in respect of the
provision of such facility,
and if the person fails to give such security, the licensee may, if he
thinks fit, refuse to give the supply or to provide the supply line or
electrical plant or equipment until the security has been given.
(2) Where the person has not given the security in subsection (1)
or the security given by the person has become insufficient, the
licensee may by notice require the person, within seven days after the
service of the notice, to give him reasonable security for the payment
of all moneys which are due to him in respect of the supply and if the
person fails to give such security, the licensee may, if he thinks fit,
discontinue the supply until security is given.
Return of security with interest
28A. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Act, a licensee

shall pay to a person subject to such conditions and at such rates as
may be prescribed a sum equivalent to the annual interest on the
security given under section 28.
Supply agreement with consumer
28B. (1) A person who requested for a supply of electricity from a

licensee after the date of coming into operation of this Act shall enter
into an agreement with the licensee for the supply of electricity on such
terms and conditions as may be specified in the agreement before the
electricity is supplied.
(2) An agreement referred to in subsection (1) shall be in the form

and substance as approved by the Commission.
Special agreement with respect to supply
29. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in sections 24 to 28, a

person or a licensee who requires a supply of electricity pursuant to
subsection 24(1) may enter into a special agreement with the licensee
for the supply on such terms as may be specified in the agreement.
(2) Where any agreement made pursuant to subsection (1) remains

effective, the rights and liabilities of the parties to the agreement shall
be determined by the agreement and not by the provisions of sections
24 to 28.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2), subsection

24(2) shall however apply for the purposes of specifying the day on
which the supply of electricity is required to commence and the day on
which such an agreement ceases to be effective.
(4) Any agreement made between licensees under subsection (1)

shall be approved by the Commission.
Determination of dispute
30. (1) A dispute between two or more persons regarding any matter
under sections 9E, 17, 24 to 29 and 32 shall first be attempted to be
resolved by negotiations between the parties to the dispute.
(2) If the parties to a dispute cannot or otherwise fail to reach an

agreement to resolve the dispute, the parties may seek resolution of the
dispute by a committee established by the Commission to hear and
resolve disputes:
Provided that in a case where the Commission thinks fit the dispute
may be determined by arbitration under section 36.
(3) The practice and procedure to be followed in the determination

of any dispute under subsection (2) shall be such as the Commission
may consider appropriate.
(4) Pending the determination of any dispute arising under sections

9E, 17, 24 to 29 and 32 between a licensee and a person requiring a
supply of electricity, the licensee shall continue to give the supply of
electricity until the determination of the dispute.
(5) Any order under subsection (2) may include a provision

requiring either party to pay the costs or expenses incurred by the
Commission in determining the dispute.
Notification of dispute and binding decision by the Commission
30A. (1) Any party to a dispute may, in writing, notify the Commission
of the dispute which the parties to the dispute had failed to resolve by
negotiation under subsection 30(1).
(2) The committee established by the Commission under

subsection 30(2) shall only be convened to resolve a dispute if the
Commission is satisfied that—
(a) an agreement to resolve the dispute will not be reached or

will not be reached within a reasonable time; and
(b) the dispute and its notification is not trivial, frivolous or

vexatious.
(3) The committee may resolve the dispute upon such terms and
conditions as it deems fit.
(4) The terms and conditions under subsection (3) shall be in

writing and accompanied by the grounds for the committee’s decision.
(5) The committee’s decision shall be deemed as a decision of the

Commission and be binding on the parties.
(6) A decision made by the Commission under this section may, by

leave of the Sessions Court, be enforced in the same manner as a
judgment or order to the same effect by the Sessions Court, and where
leave is so given, judgment may be entered in terms of the decision of
the Commission and as if the decision was a judgment of such Court.
(7) The judgment under subsection (6) can only be entered if a

certificate has been issued by the Commission to any party for
leave to proceed to the Court for the enforcement of the decision

but no certificate is required if an action is taken by the
Commission under this section.
Register of decisions
30B. (1) The Commission shall maintain a register of all decisions

made under section 30A.
(2) The register shall contain—
(a) the names of the parties to the dispute;
(b) a general description of the matter pertaining to the decision; and
(c) the date of the decision.
Fixing of maximum prices for reselling electricity

31. (1) This section applies to electricity supplied to premises by a
person who is authorized by a licence to supply electricity.
(2) The Commission may from time to time fix the maximum
prices at which electricity under this section may be resold and may
publish the prices so fixed in such manner as in the opinion of the
Commission will secure adequate publicity for them.
(3) Different prices may be fixed for different cases which may be
determined by reference to the area, tariff or any other relevant factor.
(4) If any person resells electricity at a price exceeding the

maximum price fixed under this section the amount of the excess shall
be recoverable by the person to whom the electricity was resold.
Charge for supply of electricity to be ascertained by appropriate meter
32. (1) Where a consumer, a licensee or a Single Buyer is to be charged

for his supply of electricity whether wholly or partly by reference to the
quantity of electricity supplied, the supply shall be given through, and

the quantity of electricity shall be ascertained by, an appropriate meter.
(1A) The meter shall be installed, calibrated, tested, verified and

maintained as may be prescribed or in accordance with any codes or
guidelines issued under this Act, as the case may be.
(2) The meter shall be provided by the licensee supplying

electricity, whether by way of sale, hire or loan.
(3) The meter shall be installed on the consumer's, licensee’s or

Single Buyer’s premises in a position to be determined by the licensee
supplying electricity, unless in certain circumstances it is more
reasonable to place it outside the premises or in some other position.
(4) If the consumer, licensee or Single Buyer refuses or fails to have

his supply of electricity through the appropriate meter provided and
installed in accordance with subsections (2) and (3) the licensee
supplying electricity may refuse to give or may discontinue the supply.
(5) For the purposes of this section a meter is an appropriate meter

for use in connection with any particular supply of electricity if it is of
a pattern of construction which, having regard to the terms on which
the supply is to be charged for, is particularly suitable for such use and
may include a pre-paid meter, metering infrastructure, telemetering or
any other means of metering determined by the Commission.
PART VII
NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT OR FIRE
Serious accidents to be reported and investigated by the

Commission
33. (1) Whenever any accident or fire causing or resulting in loss of

life or hurt to any person or serious damage to property has occurred
in connection with any installation or electrical plant or equipment, the
owner, licensee or supply authority and the management thereof shall
report the accident or fire to the Commission by the quickest means

available, and subsequently with the least possible delay shall report in
writing to the Commission the facts of the matter so far as they are
known to them respectively.
(2) The Commission shall, as soon as practicable upon receipt of

the first report direct an authorized officer to—
(a) visit the place where the accident or fire occurred;
(b) make a preliminary investigation of the circumstances;
(c) record in writing his findings which may be supported by

relevant photographs, upon the investigation;
(d) be provided with photographs, medical reports or other

relevant documents from any person or authority without
any payment of fees and such person or authority shall
comply with such request thereof;
(e) forward his report to the Chief Executive Officer; and
(f) if there has been any loss of life or there is reason to believe
that any person has been fatally injured, send a copy of his
finding to the nearest magistrate.
(3) In the event of loss of life or grievous hurt to any person due to
any accident or fire in connection with any installation or electrical plant
or equipment, no alteration or addition shall, without the consent of the
Commission, be made to any part of the installation, plant or equipment
which may have contributed to cause the accident or fire nor shall any
alteration be made, without that consent, to the site of the accident or
fire until the authorized officer has completed his investigation:
Provided that nothing herein contained shall operate to interfere with

rescue work or work necessary for the general safety of life or property.
(4) If upon a preliminary investigation under subsection (2) it

appears to the authorized officer making the investigation that there is
reason to believe that the accident or fire was due to any failure to
comply with this Act or any lawful order given by the Commission, or
if the authorized officer making such investigation is satisfied that the

accident or fire might have been prevented if proper precautions had
been taken and observed in the working of any installation or electrical
plant or equipment, the Commission may further investigate the
circumstances of the accident or fire together with the authorized
officer making the preliminary investigation and if in the opinion of
the Commission that criminal proceedings should lie against any
person, then the Commission shall forward to the Public Prosecutor a
copy of the authorized officer's report with the opinion of the
Commission on the circumstances and findings.
(5) Any person concerned in any investigation held under this

section may be entitled, upon payment of the prescribed fees, to receive
a copy of the report, opinion and statement of the Commission in the
course of its investigations.
(6) Any person who, without lawful excuse, contravenes or fails to

comply with subsections (1) and (3) commits an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit.
PART VIIA
SAFETY OF INSTALLATION AND EQUIPMENT
Responsibilities of licensee for safety
33A. (1) A licensee who operates and maintains any electricity supply
infrastructure shall comply with any regulations made under this Act,
the electrical infrastructure safety code or in the absence of such
regulations or code, with standards and prudent utility practices as may
be determined by the Commission.
(2) A licensee shall prepare a safety management plan dealing with

matters as may be prescribed in the electrical infrastructure safety code
or in the absence of such code, with standards and prudent utility
practices as may be determined by the Commission.
(3) Any licensee who fails to prepare a safety management plan

referred to in subsection (2) commits an offence and shall, on conviction,
be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
Responsibilities of non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator, licensee for retail and licensee for a private installation
for safety
33B. (1) A non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator

registered under this Act, licensee for retail and licensee for a private
installation shall comply with the non-domestic electrical installation
safety code and the safety management programme, or in the absence
of such code or programme, with standards and prudent industry
(2) A non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator

installation shall prepare a safety management programme within such
time as may be directed by the Commission.
(3) The safety management programme referred to in subsection

(2) shall provide for matters as may be prescribed in the non-domestic
electrical installation safety code, or in the absence of such code, with
standards and prudent industry practices as may be determined by the
Commission.
(4) A non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator

installation who fails to prepare the safety management programme
referred to in subsection (2) commits an offence and shall, on conviction,
imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
Undertaking electrical work
33C. (1) A competent person or a person under the control of a

competent person who undertakes to carry out electrical work shall
ensure that such electrical work complies with any regulations made
under this Act, the electrical infrastructure safety code or non-domestic
electrical installation safety code, as the case may be, or in the absence
of such regulations or codes, with standards and prudent industry
(2) The person undertaking electrical work under subsection (1)

shall ensure that such work shall not cause electricity related injury to
any person or damage to any property.
Responsibilities relating to non-electrical work
33D. (1) Any person who undertakes any construction, building,

renovation or work other than electrical work in the vicinity of
electrical installation shall ensure that the work shall not cause
interference with the supply of electricity or electricity related injury
to any person or damage to any property.
(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an

offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding
twenty-five thousand ringgit and, in the case of a continuing offence,
to a fine not exceeding five hundred ringgit for every day or part of a
day during which the offence continues after conviction.
Compliance inspection
33E. (1) The Commission may, inspect or cause to be inspected an

electricity supply infrastructure, non-domestic electrical installation or
the place of business or any activities of a registered manufacturer or
importer or of a registered conformity assessment body or a registered
training and examination center or institution to ensure the licensee,
licensee for retail and licensee for a private installation, non-domestic
electrical installation owner or operator, registered manufacturer or
importer, registered conformity assessment body or registered training
and examination center or institution, as the case may be, is in
compliance with this Act, any regulations made under this Act,
guidelines, codes or directions issued by the Commission under this

Act, the safety management plan and safety management programme,
as the case may be.
(2) The Commission may inspect or cause to be inspected any

equipment in any premises, building, facility including temporary
facility and vehicle that is used for the sale or offer for sale by way of
retail to ascertain if such equipment conforms to the standards as may
be determined by the Commission.
Interpretation
33F. For the purposes of this Part—
“electrical infrastructure safety code” means a code developed,

issued and registered by the Commission under section 50A on safety
requirements, appropriate safety and technical standards, operation,
maintenance and protection of the electrical system and other related
matters for electricity supply infrastructure;
“non-domestic electrical installation safety code” means a code

developed, issued and registered by the Commission under section
50A on safety requirements, appropriate safety and technical standards,
operation, maintenance and protection of the electrical system and
other related matters for non-domestic electrical installation;
“safety management plan” means the safety, reliability, maintenance

and technical management plan in respect of electricity supply
infrastructure;
“licensee” does not include licensee for retail and a licensee for a
private installation;
“non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator” means a

person who owns, uses, works or operates a non-domestic electrical
installation;
“non-domestic electrical installation” means a set of wires and

associated fittings, equipment and accessories that is installed in a
place for the conveyance, control or use of electricity that is, or is to

be, or has been, supplied for consumption in the place, but does not
include—
(a) any electricity supply infrastructure owned or operated by a

licensee;
(b) any wires, fittings, equipment or accessories connected to

and beyond any electrical outlet at which fixed wiring
terminates, other than any such outlet used to connect
sections of fixed wiring; or
(c) private dwelling premises;
“safety management programme” means the safety, reliability,

maintenance and technical management programme in respect of non-
domestic electrical installation.
PART VIII
ENQUIRY AND ARBITRATION
Procedure in relation to enquiry and arbitration
34. (1) In the event of any difference of opinion between a licensee

and an authorized officer or between the management or owner of any
installation or equipment and an authorized officer regarding any
matter affecting the construction, erection, maintenance or operation
of any installation or equipment, the matter shall be referred to and
decided by the Commission.
(2) Any person who feels aggrieved by a decision of the

Commission under subsection (1) may apply to the Minister for
re-consideration of the matter in dispute. The application shall be
made in writing within twenty-one days from the date of the
decision of the Commission, or within such further period as the
Minister may in special circumstances allow, and shall contain
the grounds of grievance.
(3) On receipt of the application, the Minister shall appoint a person

as his representative to lead and hold the enquiry into the matter together
with two other persons to be nominated by the Minister as assessors. The
assessors shall be persons possessing electrical or other special skill and
experience drawn from persons not in the service of the Commission.
(4) All questions in the enquiry shall be determined by a majority

of the members holding the enquiry.
(5) (a) At the conclusion of the enquiry the person appointed by the
Minister under subsection (3) shall forward to the Minister a summary
of the evidence together with the decision arrived at, and the Minister
shall accept the decision as final and shall inform all persons concerned.
(b) Any person concerned with the matter referred to the Minister
under subsection (2) shall be entitled, upon payment of the prescribed
fees, to a copy of the summary of evidence and the decision referred to
in paragraph (a).
(6) Persons nominated by the Minister to serve as assessors shall be

entitled to receive such remuneration as may, from time to time, be
prescribed by the Minister.
Power of holding enquiry
35. For the purpose of holding enquiries under this Act, the
Commission or the person appointed by the Minister under subsection
34(3), as the case may be, shall have power to administer oaths and
affirmations and shall be vested with the powers of a first class
magistrate for compelling the attendance of witnesses, maintaining
order or otherwise duly conducting the said enquiries. Persons
summoned to attend any such enquiry shall be legally bound to attend.
Arbitration
36. (1) Where any matter is deemed fit by the Commission under
section 30 or required to be determined by arbitration under this Act,
the same shall be determined by a board comprising one or three
arbitrators chosen by the parties or, if they are unable to agree, by the
Chief Judge.
(2) Each party shall have power to appoint an assessor to sit with the
arbitrator, but the arbitrator alone shall have power to decide and make
an award. Where more than one arbitrator is appointed, a majority of
them may decide and make an award.
(3) The arbitration shall take place at such place within Malaysia as
the arbitrator shall decide, and shall, subject to this section, be
governed by the Arbitration Act 2005 [Act 646].
(4) The remuneration of an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Judge

in accordance with this section shall be fixed by the Chief Judge and
the remuneration of an arbitrator chosen by the parties shall be fixed
by them. The costs of reference and the award shall be paid by the
parties in such proportion as the arbitrator may decide:
Provided that the remuneration and the allowances of an assessor

shall be paid by the party against whom the award is made.
PART IX
OFFENCES AND PENALTY
Offences
37. (1) Any person who tampers with or adjusts any installation
or part thereof or manufactures or imports or sells any equipment
so as to cause or to be likely to cause danger to human life or limb or
injury to any equipment or other property commits an offence and for
each such offence shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding
one million ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten
years or to both.
(2) Any person who by any rash or negligent act or omission causes
damage to any person or property in respect of any installation or
equipment or part thereof commits an offence and shall, on conviction,

imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
(3) Any person who in any manner dishonestly—
(a) abstracts electricity;

(b) consumes electricity;
(c) uses electricity;
(d) alters the index of any meter or other instrument used on or
in connection with any installation of any supply authority
or any licensed installation for recording the output or
consumption of electricity; or
(e) prevents any such meter or instrument from duly recording
the output or consumption of electricity,
commits an offence and shall, on conviction—
(A) be liable:
(i) in the case of a domestic consumer, to a fine of not

less than one thousand ringgit and not exceeding
fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding one year or to both; and
(ii) in the case of a non-domestic consumer, to a fine of

not less than twenty thousand ringgit and not
exceeding one million ringgit or to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding five years or to both; and
(B) be liable for the second and subsequent offence:
(i) in the case of a domestic consumer, to a fine of not

less than five thousand ringgit, and not exceeding
one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding three years or to both; and
(ii) in the case of a non-domestic consumer, to a fine of

not less than one hundred thousand ringgit and not
exceeding five million ringgit or to imprisonment

for a term not exceeding ten years or to both.
(4) Any person who, in contravention of section 9, uses, works or

operates, or permits to be used, worked or operated any installation
exceeding fifty thousand ringgit and to a further fine not exceeding one
thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence
continues after conviction.
(5) Any person who, in contravention of section 9, supplies

electricity from an installation to or for the use of any person commits
an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding
one hundred thousand ringgit, and to a further fine not exceeding one
thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence
(6) Any licensee who without the express authority from the
Commission supplies electricity or lays down any supply line or
constructs any electrical work outside the area of supply specified in
his licence commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a
fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit, and any such unauthorized
line or work may, after conviction, be removed by order of the
Commission, and if such order is not complied with, the reasonable
costs of such removal may be recovered from the licensee.
(7) Any licensee who without lawful excuse fails to comply with
any term or condition expressed in the licence commits an offence and
shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand
ringgit and, to a further fine not exceeding one thousand ringgit for
every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after
conviction.
(8) Any person who fails or neglects to register any installation

under section 21 commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable
to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand ringgit and a further fine
not exceeding one thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day
during which the offence continues after conviction.
(9) Any person who, without due authority, extinguishes or

damages any public lamp or damages or defaces any post, bracket or
other means of support of a public lamp commits an offence and shall,
on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit
or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both.
(10) Any person who without lawful consent of the supply

authority or the licensee, as the case may be, affixes or causes to be
affixed any advertisement, bill or notice or any paper against or upon,
or otherwise defaces any building, post or bracket or other equipment
or the enclosure thereof used for or in connection with any public
installation commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a
fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand ringgit.
(11) Any person who wilfully or negligently—
(a) causes electricity to be diverted from its proper course to be

wasted; or
(b) breaks, throws down, causes to fall or damages any supply

line, post, pole, or other equipment, installation or any part
thereof, as the case may be, connected with the supply of
electricity,

exceeding fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding three years or to both.
(12) (a) No person shall without the lawful authority of the supply
authority or the licensee, as the case may be, undertake any work or
engage in any activity in the vicinity of any electrical installation or
part thereof as may be prescribed, in a manner likely to interfere with
any electrical installation or to cause danger to any person or property.
(b) Any person who contravenes this section commits an offence

and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand
ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to
both.
(13) (a) No person shall install any electrical wiring or extension to

existing wiring on any premises without first obtaining the approval in
writing from a supply authority or licensee.
(b) Any person who contravenes this section commits an offence

and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand
both.
(14) Any person who damages or removes any meter or other

instrument used on or in connection with any licensed installation, for
recording the output or consumption of electricity commits an offence
and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand
both.
(15) Any person—
(a) found guilty of any offence against this Act for which no
penalty is expressly provided shall, on conviction, be liable
to a fine not exceeding twenty five thousand ringgit and, in
the case of a continuing offence, to a fine not exceeding five
hundred ringgit for every day or part of a day during which
the offence continues after conviction;
(b) who by any act or omission contravenes any provision under

this Act commits an offence and if no penalty is expressly
provided shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not
exceeding fifty thousand ringgit and, in the case of a
continuing offence, to a fine not exceeding five hundred
ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the
offence continues after conviction.
(16) For the purposes of subsection (3)—
“domestic installation” means an installation in a private dwelling

which is not used in any hotel or boarding house or for the purpose of
carrying out any business, trade, profession or service;
“non-domestic consumer” means a consumer of electricity other than

domestic consumer;
“domestic consumer” means a consumer in domestic installation

supplied or connected with electricity.
Offence committed by body corporate
37A. (1) Where an offence against this Act or its subsidiary legislation
has been committed by a body corporate, any person who at the time
of the commission of the offence was a director, chief executive
officer, chief operating officer, manager, secretary or other similar
officer of the body corporate or was purporting to act in such capacity
or was in any manner or to any extent responsible for the management
of any of the affairs of the body corporate or was assisting in such
management—
(a) may be charged severally or jointly in the same proceedings

with the body corporate; and
(b) if the body corporate is found guilty of the offence, shall be

deemed to be guilty of that offence unless having regard to
the nature of his functions in that capacity and to all
circumstances, he proves—
(i) that the offence was committed without his

knowledge, consent or connivance; and
(ii) that he had taken all reasonable precautions and

exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of
the offence.
(2) If any person would be liable under this Act or any regulations
made under this Act to any punishment or penalty for his act, omission,
neglect or default he shall be liable to the same punishment or penalty
for every such act, omission, neglect or default of any employee,
servant or agent of his, or of the employee or servant of such agent if
the act, omission, neglect or default was committed—
(a) by that person’s employee or servant in the course of his

employment;
(b) by the agent when acting on behalf of that person; or
(c) by the employee or servant of the agent in the course of his

employment by the agent or otherwise on behalf of the agent
acting on behalf of that person.
Offence of attempt and abetment
37B. Where any person—
(a) aids, abets, assists, incites or induces any other person to

make or makes on behalf of another person an incorrect
return, account, statement or declaration or to commit any
offence punishable under this Act; or
(b) attempts to make or to make on behalf of another person an

incorrect return, account, statement or declaration or to
commit any offence punishable under this Act,
that person commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be punishable

with the punishment provided for such offence under this Act provided
that any term of imprisonment imposed shall not exceed one-half of
the longest term provided for the offence.
Disconnection of supply of electricity
38. (1) Where any person employed by a licensee finds upon any
premises evidence which gives reasonable grounds for him to believe
that an offence has been committed under subsection 37(1), (3) or (14),
the licensee or any person duly authorized by the licensee shall within
three working days from the date of such finding inform the
Commission in writing, and the licensee may, upon giving not less than
forty eight hours’ notice from the same date in such form as may be
prescribed, cause the supply of electricity to be disconnected from the

said premises.
(1A) Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Act, where a police

officer not below the rank of Assistant Superintendent applies to a
supply authority or a licensee for the disconnection of the supply of
electricity to any premises for a period not exceeding one calendar
month under section 21A of the Common Gaming Houses Act 1953
[Act 289], the supply authority or the licensee or any person authorized
by the supply authority or the licensee shall immediately disconnect or
cause the supply of electricity to be disconnected from those premises.
(1B) Upon receiving such information under subsection (1), the

Commission may verify the matter and in cases where it finds that no
offence has been committed, the supply of electricity shall be
reconnected immediately.
(2) If the supply of electricity has been disconnected under

subsection (1), it shall not be reconnected until the licensee at his
discretion gives permission for reconnection.
Provided that the period of disconnection shall not exceed three

months.
(2A) Notwithstanding subsection (2), if the supply of electricity has

been disconnected under subsection (1A), it shall not be reconnected
without the written permission of a police officer not below the rank
of Assistant Superintendent.
(3) The licensee may require the consumer to pay him for the loss of
revenue due to the offence committed under subsections 37(1), (3) and
(14) and any reasonable expenses directly incurred by the licensee
under this section including expenses incurred in respect of
reconnection of electricity in the manner as have been directed by the
Commission:
Provided that and subject to subsection (4), if the licensee does not
proceed with a claim for such loss of revenue and expenses in court,
the licensee may only claim against the consumer for the said loss of
revenue and expenses for a period not exceeding six months
retrospectively from the date the offence was discovered under

subsection (1).
(4) A written statement by an employee of the licensee duly

certified by the licensee or any person authorized by the licensee
specifying—
(a) the amount of loss of revenue or the reasonable expenses

incurred by the licensee;
(aa) the manner of calculation of the loss of revenue and items of

expenses; and
(b) the person liable for the payment thereof,
shall be prima facie evidence of the payment that has to be made by

the consumer under subsection (3) and such written statement shall be
notified to the consumer within fourteen working days or any period
as extended with the written approval of the Commission after the
disconnection.
(5) The amount stated in the written statement under subsection

(4) shall, within the period specified in the statement, be due and
payable to the licensee and in default of payment such amount shall be
recoverable by civil action in a court.
Liabilities unaffected
39. Except as provided in sections 17 and 20, nothing contained in

this Act shall operate to relieve any licensee or management from any
civil or criminal liability arising under this Act.
Onus of proof
40. In any prosecution for an offence under subsection 37(3) proof

of—
(a) the existence of artificial means which, either alone or in

conjunction with additional artificial means not found, could
be used for altering, or facilitating the alteration, of the index
of any meter or instrument used for registering the quantity
of electricity supplied;
(b) the existence of artificial means which, either alone or in

conjunction with additional artificial means not found,
would prevent, or facilitate the prevention of, any meter or
instrument from duly registering the quantity of electricity
supplied, or would facilitate the dishonest abstraction,
consumption, or use of electricity; or
(c) (i) the fitting of any mechanical or other means to;
(ii) the absence or removal of any part or connection from;

or
(iii) the interference with any part or connection of,
any apparatus in the circumstances that the fitting, absence,

removal or interference would prevent or facilitate the
prevention of any meter or other instrument from duly
registering the quantity of electricity supplied, or would
facilitate the dishonest abstraction, consumption or use of
electricity,
shall be prima facie evidence that there has been dishonest alteration
of the index of any meter or instrument, or prevention, abstraction,
consumption or use of electricity, as the case may be; and
(A) that the dishonest alteration, prevention, abstraction,

consumption or use, as the case may be, has been carried out
by—
(a) the person fitting the artificial, mechanical or any other

such part or connection as aforesaid;
(b) the person removing any such part or connection as

aforesaid;
(c) the person interfering with any such part or connection

as aforesaid;
(d) the consumer using the meter or instrument;
(e) the person having control of the installation where it is

fixed; or
(f) the occupiers of the premises on which the meter or

instrument is installed; or
(B) that the person or consumer has abetted the offence of the
alteration, prevention, abstraction, consumption or use, as
the case may be.
Compensation for damage
41. (1) Any person who removes, destroys or damages whether

wilfully or otherwise, any installation or any part thereof, or any public
lamp or any post, bracket or other means of support of a public lamp,
or any instrument used in connection with any installation for
recording the output or consumption of electricity, shall, in addition to
any penalty to which he may be liable under this Act, be liable to pay
full compensation for the damage he has done and the compensation
shall be recoverable by civil action or suit before any court.
(2) Without prejudice to subsection (1), any court before which a

person is charged with an offence under this Act may assess the
compensation payable under this section and may make an order for
the payment of the same. Any such order may be enforced as if it were
a judgment in a civil action or suit.
Prosecution
42. No prosecution shall be instituted for an offence under this Act

or any regulations made under this Act except by or with the consent
in writing of the Public Prosecutor.
Compounding
43. (1) The Minister may, with the approval of the Public Prosecutor,
make regulations prescribing—
(a) any offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation as an

offence which may be compounded;
(b) criteria for compounding such offence; and
(c) method and procedure for compounding such offence.
(2) The Commission may, with the consent in writing of the Public
Prosecutor, at any time before a charge is being instituted compound
any of the offences prescribed in the regulations as an offence which
may be compounded by making a written offer to the person
reasonably suspected of having committed the offence to compound
the offence upon payment to the Commission of a sum of money not
exceeding fifty per centum of the amount of maximum fine to which
the person would have been liable to if he had been convicted of the
offence, within such time as may be specified in his written offer.
(3) An offer under subsection (2) may be made at any time after the
offence has been committed but before any prosecution for it has been
instituted, and where the amount specified in the offer is not paid
within the time specified in the offer, or such extended time as the
Commission may grant, prosecution for the offence may be instituted
at any time after that against the person to whom the offer was made.
(4) Where an offence has been compounded under subsection (2),

no prosecution shall be instituted in respect of the offence against the
person to whom the offer to compound was made, and any document
or thing seized in connection with the offence may be released by the
Commission, subject to such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.
(5) All sums of moneys received by the Commission under this

section shall be paid into and form part of the Federal Consolidated
Fund.
Reward for information
44. In the case of a conviction involving a fine the court imposing

the fine may, on the application of the officer conducting the
prosecution, direct the payment of any part of the fine but not
exceeding one half of such fine in such proportion as the court deems
fit to the person who gave the information leading to the conviction.
Use of supply line, etc., for purposes of communications under the

Communications and Multimedia Act 1998
44A. (1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act and subject
to the provisions of this section and to any terms and conditions as may
be prescribed, any supply line, part of an electricity supply
infrastructure, installation, plant or equipment may be used for the
purposes of communications under the Communications and
Multimedia Act 1998.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the Commission may issue
codes, guidelines or directions.
(3) Prior to and during the operation of communications, as the case

may be, the licensee, non-domestic electrical installation owner or
operator, electricity consumer and the person licensed under the
Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 shall comply with such
regulations, codes, guidelines and directions referred to in subsections
(1) and (2).
(4) The licensee, non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator and the person licensed under the Communications and
Multimedia Act 1998 shall be responsible in ensuring that the
provision or operation of the communications, as the case may be, is
in compliance with the Act.
(5) Any owner or occupier of an electrical installation in a dwelling

premises or electricity consumer may choose to be a customer or
otherwise of communication service provided by a person licensed
under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 who shall obtain
the express consent of such owner or occupier or consumer before
providing the communication service.
(6) Notwithstanding any provisions of the Communications and

Multimedia Act 1998, any licensee or person licensed under the
Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 who fails to comply with
this section commits an offence.
PART IXA
ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY FUND
Contribution by licensee
44B. (1) A licensee shall, if required by the Minister under any

regulations made under this Act or by order published in the Gazette
pursuant to the recommendation made by the Commission, allocate
and pay into the Electricity Industry Fund, in such manner and at such
rates as may be prescribed in such regulations or order.
(2) Upon the recommendation of the Commission, the Minister may

suspend or revoke such requirement made under subsection (1).
Electricity Industry Fund
44C. (1) A fund to be known as the “Electricity Industry Fund” is

established and shall be administered and controlled by the
Commission.
(2) The Electricity Industry Fund shall consist of—
(a) such sums allocated and paid by a licensee pursuant to

section 44B;
(b) such sums as may be provided by the Parliament for the

purposes of the Electricity Industry Fund from time to time;
(c) all moneys derived as income from investments made from

the Electricity Industry Fund, including interest income; and
(d) all other moneys lawfully received by the Commission on

behalf of the Electricity Industry Fund.
(3) The Electricity Industry Fund shall be expended for the

following purposes:
(a) to manage the impact of electricity tariff on consumers; or
(b) such other purposes pertaining to the electricity industry as

deemed necessary by the Commission.
Investment
44D. (1) The moneys in the Electricity Industry Fund shall, in so far
as they are not required or immediately required to be expended by the
Commission for the purposes of subsection 44C(3), be invested in such
manner as the Minister may, with the concurrence of the Minister of
Finance, approve.
(2) The Commission shall open and maintain an account or

accounts to hold moneys in the Electricity Industry Fund with such
bank or banks in Malaysia as it thinks fit, after consulting the Minister
and the Minister of Finance, and every such account shall be operated
upon in such manner as may be authorized by the Commission for such
purpose from time to time.
Accounts
44E. (1) The Commission shall cause proper accounts of the

Electricity Industry Fund and proper reports of its activities in respect
of the Fund to be kept and shall, as soon as practicable after the end of
the financial year of the Commission, cause to be prepared for that
financial year—
(a) a statement of accounts which shall include a balance sheet

and an account of the contributions and expenditure; and
(b) a statement of its activities.
(2) The Commission shall as soon as practicable send a copy of the

statement of accounts certified by the auditors and a copy of the
auditor’s report to the Minister who shall cause them to be laid before
both Houses of Parliament.
PART X
GENERAL
Precautions in execution of work
45. (1) The execution of all work in connection with the generation
or supply of electricity which may affect any street, railway, tramway,
river, canal or other waterway or any system of irrigation, drainage or
water supply or any communications, harbour works or other public or
private works, and the erection of any supply line crossing, whether
overhead or underground, shall be carried out in the prescribed manner
and without prejudice to public or private safety.
(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this section
commits an offence under this Act.
Audit of licensees and non-domestic electrical installations owners

or operators
45A. (1) The Commission may conduct an audit at any time or at such
intervals as determined by it require a licensee or non-domestic
electrical installation owner or operator to appoint at their own cost an
independent expert to audit on any matter under Part IV and safety of
installations and equipment under Part VIIA of this Act or any
information which a licensee or non-domestic electrical installation
owner or operator furnishes to the Commission.
(2) The audit shall be conducted in accordance with any codes,

guidelines or directions issued by the Commission under this Act.
(3) The Commission may determine the class or category of

licensee or non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator that
are to be subject to an audit.
(4) The licensee or non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator shall establish to the satisfaction of the Commission that such
independent expert referred to in subsection (1) has the necessary
qualification and competence.
(5) The licensee or non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator shall forward a copy of a report of such audit to the
Commission within the time as specified by the Commission.
(6) A licensee or non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator who—
(a) fails to furnish any information as may be required by the

Commission under section 52B;
(b) intentionally alters, suppresses or destroys any document or

information which he has been required by written notice to
produce; or
(c) refuses to assist or facilitate, or obstructs the Commission,

its authorized officers or appointed consultants in
conducting an audit under this section,
commits an offence.
Determination of standards of installation or equipment
45B. The Commission may determine the standards applicable to any

installation or equipment and such standards as may be prescribed in
the regulations, codes or guidelines made or issued under this Act.
Keeping of records and documents
45C. A licensee, non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator, registered manufacturer or importer, registered private
wiring unit, registered electrical services contractor, registered
electrical sign contractor, registered switch board manufacturer,
registered electrical contractor, registered training and examination
center or institution and registered conformity assessment body shall
keep records and documents in respect of matters and for a period of
time as may be prescribed.
Electrical interference with Government signalling lines
46. (1) If the Commission is satisfied that the working or operation

of any installation, metering infrastructure, telemetering, application
of communications over supply lines, causes electrical interference
with any communications or other electrical signalling process or
circuit owned or operated by or on behalf of the Federal Government
or any State Government, or any supply authority, the Commission
shall call upon the owner or licensee to abate the interference, and if,
within a period of fourteen days or such longer period as the
Commission considers reasonable in any particular circumstances, the
interference has not been effectually abated the Commission shall
report the matter to the Minister who may in his discretion—
(a) in the case of a licensed installation, order the suspension of

the licence;
(b) in the case of an unlicensed installation, by order, prohibit

the working or operation thereof; or
(c) in the case of any other installation, by order, prohibit the
working or operation of such part thereof which causes the
electrical interference,
until arrangements have been made to the satisfaction of the

Commission for preventing the recurrence of such electrical
interference as aforesaid, and if, in the case of a licensed installation,
no such arrangements have been made, then the Minister may order
that the licence for the said installation be revoked absolutely.
(2) For any loss caused to a licensee by the suspension or

revocation of a licence under this section the licensee may claim
compensation from the Federal Government, State Government or any
supply authority, as the case may be:
Provided that no claim shall be allowed and no compensation shall

be paid where the electrical interference referred to in subsection (1)
has been caused by an installation which does not comply with any
regulation for regulating electrical interference made under any written
law relating to telegraphs for the time being in force.
(3) If the claim be allowed, the compensation shall, unless settled

by mutual agreement of the Federal Government, State Government or
the supply authority, as the case may be, and the licensee, be
determined by arbitration.
Precautions against atmospheric electricity
47. Any department of the Federal Government or any State

Government or any other consumer taking or using electricity from any
installation shall, if the Commission so requires, provide such means
for obviating any risk of damage to such installation by atmospheric
electricity as may be directed by the Commission or as may be
prescribed by regulations under this Act.
Restriction of connection with the earth
48. (1) No person shall, in the generation, transmission, supply or

use of electricity, permit any part of his supply lines to be connected
with the earth except as may be prescribed by regulations under this
Act, provided in the relevant codes issued under this Act or be
expressly permitted by the Commission.
(2) In the event of any breach of subsection (1), the Commission

may by written order require the licensee or owner to remove the
connection and may prohibit the use of any supply line or works or
installation until the order is complied with, and every such order shall
be complied with by the person concerned.
Procedure in case of dangerous defect in installation or part

thereof
49. (1) In the event of the Commission finding that there is in any
installation or part thereof any defect which in the opinion of the
Commission is likely to cause danger the Commission may, by notice
in writing served upon the licensee or owner thereof, or if such licensee
or owner cannot be found, posted at the place where the installation is
located, require the defect to be made good or removed within such
period as may be specified in the notice, and in such case the
installation or part thereof shall not be operated or used after the
expiration of the period specified unless the defect has been made good
or removed to the satisfaction of the Commission:
Provided that, if the Commission is of the opinion, that the defect is

likely to cause immediate danger, the Commission may, by notice
posted or served as aforesaid, forthwith suspend the operation and use
of the installation, and if necessary seal the installation or part thereof
until the defect is made good or removed. The installation or part
thereof shall not be operated or used so long as the notice of suspension
remains unrevoked and the seal is not removed by authorized officer.
(2) Every licensee and every management and person in charge of

any installation upon being aware of any defect therein which is likely
to cause danger shall forthwith make good or remove the defects, and
every consumer upon being aware of any defect in any equipment
which is likely to cause danger shall forthwith make good or remove
the defect, or make a report thereof to the Commission.
(3) If in the opinion of the Commission any defect in an installation

in respect whereof a licence is in force is of a nature that it cannot be
made good or removed, the Commission shall hold an enquiry and, if
the Commission considers it necessary so to do, shall cancel the
licence.
(4) The licensee or owner shall not be entitled to compensation for

any loss caused to the licensee or owner by the suspension of operation
and use of, and the sealing of any installation or part thereof or by the
suspension or cancellation of a licence under this section.
(5) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with subsections

(1) and (2) commits an offence under this Act.
Prohibition of employment of children
50. (1) No licensee or management shall employ or permit to be

employed any person under the age of sixteen years in any service
involving management of or attendance on or proximity to live
equipment not effectively insulated.
(2) Any person who contravenes this section commits an offence

and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five thousand
ringgit.
Development of codes by the Commission and compliance of the

codes
50A. (1) The Commission may, with the approval of the Minister,
develop and issue codes relating to the generation, transmission,
distribution, supply and use of electricity and for electrical safety.
(2) The Commission may develop and issue such additional codes
as it deems fit and expedient or as the Minister may from time to time
direct, as the case may be.
(3) All codes developed and issued pursuant to this section shall
only be effective upon registration by the Commission.
(4) All licensees, non-domestic electrical installation owners or

operators shall comply with the codes.
(5) Unless otherwise determined by the Commission, in ensuring

reliability, safety and security of the electricity networks, the codes
issued under this section shall take precedence over any agreement that
may exist between the parties mentioned in subsection (4).
Retention of documents by Commission
50B. (1) Any licensee, non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator upon being directed by the Commission shall furnish
document to the Commission failing which the Commission may take
possession of the document.
(2) Any document furnished to or taken by the Commission under

subsection (1) may be retained as long as necessary by the
Commission.
(3) The person otherwise entitled to possession of the document is

entitled to be supplied, as soon as practicable, with a copy certified by
the Commission to be a true copy.
(4) Until a certified copy is supplied, the Commission may, at such

times and places as the Commission thinks appropriate, permit the
person otherwise entitled to possession of the document or a person
authorized by that person, to inspect and make copies of or take
extracts from the document.
(5) If the Commission is satisfied that the retaining of the

documents is no longer necessary, the Commission may as soon as
practicable return the documents to the person who provided the
documents under subsection (1).
Guidelines or directions by Commission
50C. (1) The Commission may, from time to time, issue guidelines or
directions on any matter as provided under this Act to any licensee,
non-domestic electrical installation owner or operator, registered
manufacturer or importer, competent person or any person.
(2) The Commission may, from time to time, issue any direction in
writing to any licensee, non-domestic electrical installation owner or
operator, registered manufacturer or importer, competent person or any
person on the compliance or non-compliance of the Act or any
regulations made under this Act, conditions of licences, including the
remedying of a breach of a license condition or on any other matter
requiring the making of a direction or specifically to be made the
subject of a direction under this Act in accordance with such
procedures as may be prescribed.
(3) The guidelines or directions issued by the Commission under

this section shall be registered and shall be effective from the date of
such registration or such later date as the Commission may specify in
the guidelines or directions.
(4) A licensee, non-domestic electrical installation owner or

operator, registered manufacturer or importer, competent person or any
person shall comply with the guidelines and directions.
Variation, review or revocation of codes, guidelines or directions

by the Commission
50D. (1) The Commission may vary, review or revoke any codes,
guidelines or directions issued under this Act.
(2) The procedures set out in subsections 50C(3) and (4) shall apply
in respect of any variation, review or revocation of the codes,
guidelines or directions.
Offence for non-compliance with codes, guidelines or directions of

the Commission
50E. A person who fails to comply with any codes, guidelines or

directions of the Commission issued under this Act commits an offence
and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred
thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years

or to both.
Register of codes, guidelines or directions
50F. The Commission shall maintain a register of all codes, guidelines

or directions issued by the Commission under this Act, including any
variation, review or revocation of the codes, guidelines or directions.
Special powers of emergency
51. (1) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may on the occurrence of any
industrial unrest, strike, lock-out or any other event which gives rise to
an emergency or in the interest of public safety, authorize the
Commission to—
(a) suspend the licence of any licensee, take temporary

possession of any installation of such licensee and operate it
in such manner as the Commission deems fit; or
(b) withdraw either partially or totally the use of any installation

or facility from any person or class of persons or from the
public at large.
(2) If any doubt arises as to the existence of an emergency or

whether any act done under subsection (1) was in the interest of public
safety, a certificate signed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and exhibited
at such places as the Minister deems fit shall be conclusive proof on
the point.
Power to declare sources of water
52. (1) The State Authority in any State, may, at the request of the
Commission on behalf of any licensee, by order declare any lake, river
or waterway or any part thereof to be a source of water for the purposes
of the licensee as stipulated in the terms and conditions of his licence
and, in making the declaration, the State Authority may impose such
conditions and restrictions as it deems fit.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any written law, no

person shall dam up or otherwise interfere with any such source of
water without first serving on the licensee either personally or by
registered post a three months’ notice, in such form as may be
prescribed, specifying the work he proposes to undertake.
(3) At any time before the expiration of the time specified in the
notice the licensee may, if he considers that the work referred to in
subsection (2) will materially affect his functions, by notice in writing
served on the person, either personally or by registered post—
(a) prohibit the person from proceeding with the work; or
(b) attach conditions to the undertaking of the work by the

person.
(4) Any person dissatisfied with the action taken by the licensee
under subsection (3) may appeal to the State Authority whose decision
shall be final.
(5) Any person who—
(a) dams up or otherwise interferes with any source of water

declared under subsection (1) without serving the notice
required by subsection (2);
(b) undertakes any work prohibited under this section; or
(c) fails to comply with any conditions imposed under this

section,

exceeding one thousand ringgit, and a further fine not exceeding one
hundred ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence
(6) Notwithstanding any declaration made under subsection (1),

nothing in this section shall affect any licence granted not less than
twenty-five years before the date of the declaration under any written
law to divert water from any lake, river or waterway, for the purpose
of a public installation, the holder of which has not, in the opinion of
the State Authority, made reasonable use, for the purposes of the
installation, of the rights arising out of the licence in connection with
any lake, river, waterway or part thereof declared to be a source of
water.
Supply infrastructure information security
52A. (1) Any licensee as directed by the Commission providing supply

of electricity to consumers shall be responsible for the preservation of
confidentiality, integrity and availability of its information,
information systems and supporting network infrastructure pertaining
to its duties and other matters as provided under this Act.
(2) The licensee shall—
(a) take the necessary measures, establish and implement

standards and employ the relevant information security
controls to prevent, avoid, remedy, recover or restore its
information, document, instrument or records stored in its
computers and for its operational system by its computers
from any risk of—
(i) threat or unauthorized access; and
(ii) intrusion or removal;
(b) take necessary measures to ensure the resiliency of its

supporting network infrastructure to minimize business
impact against various threats to its activities under the
licence; and
(c) ensure that the reliability, continuity and quality of

electricity supply, its performance of duties and conformity
to the provisions of this Act and any regulations made
thereunder shall not be jeopardized thereby,
and shall report to the Commission within the time specified by the
Commission, and in the event of any incident which interferes or
affects the performance of the activities under the licence, report such
incident immediately to the Commission and other relevant authorities.
(3) Any licensee who fails, neglects to comply with or contravenes

any provision of this section commits an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand
ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to
both.
(4) For the purposes of this section—
“supporting network infrastructure” refers to relevant connection,

network devices, hardware and software that provides network
services in supporting business functions;
“information security controls” refers to means of managing risk,

including policies, procedures, guidelines, practices or organizational
structures, which can be administrative, technical, management or
legal in nature;
“resiliency” means an ability of an organization to resist being

affected by an incident.
Obligation to give information
52B. (1) The Commission may authorize any of its officer to obtain any
information pertaining to the licensee or any other person under this
Act and shall be given access to such information whether stored in a
computer or otherwise.
(2) Any officer authorized by the Commission under subsection

(1), shall have the power to require the production of records, accounts,
data, computerized data and documents kept by a licensee or any other
person and to inspect, examine and to download from them, make
copies of them or take extracts from them.
(3) For the purposes of this section, “access” includes being

provided with the necessary password, encryption code, decryption
code, software or hardware and any other means required to enable
comprehension of computerized data.
(4) Any person who refuses to give any information which may
reasonably be required of him under subsection (1) and which he has
in his knowledge or power to give commits an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand
both.
PART XI
POWER TO MAKE REGULATIONS
Power to make regulations
53. (1) The Minister may make regulations in respect of any matter
which may be prescribed under this Act and in particular—
(a) the procedures for the Commission in the exercise of its

functions, duties and powers under this Act;
(b) the intervals, times and manner in which any installation or

equipment shall be inspected, the notice (if any) to be given
in relation to inspections and the preparations to be made by
the licensee or any management for inspections;
(c) the minimum standards and specifications which shall be

used in the design, construction, protection and maintenance
of installations and equipment, the conditions under which
any installation or equipment shall be worked or operated
and the prohibition of the use of dangerous equipment;
(d) the manner in which electricity shall be measured and the

standards of measurement which shall be employed and the
manner in which electricity is permitted to be or is
prohibited from being supplied or used;
(e) the standards to be adopted for measurement of the

dimensions of any installation or equipment;
(f) the manner of regulation and the limits of variation of the

nature, voltage and frequency of the electricity supplied;
(g) the class or design of wires, fittings and equipment to be

used and the manner in which the wires, fittings and
equipment shall be erected, fixed, arranged, protected,
controlled, inspected, tested and maintained;
(h) the fees to be paid for licences and Certificates of

Registration of installations and any other fee which is
required to be prescribed under this Act;
(i) the form and period of validity of Certificates of

Registration and the conditions for suspension, extension
and revocation of Certificates of Registration;
(j) the minimum qualifications to be possessed by persons

before they may be entrusted with the design, construction,
erection, testing, operation, maintenance, repair or alteration
of any installation, plant or equipment or with the charge,
control or operation of any installation, plant or equipment;
(k) the nature of tests to be employed for ascertaining whether any

person possesses the necessary qualifications prescribed for the
purpose of competent control and other purposes, and the issue,
suspension or revocation of certificates of competency, and to
prescribe fees to be paid for such tests and certificates;
(l) the registration and classification of private wiring unit,

electrical contractor, electrical services contractor, electrical
repair contractor, electrical sign contractors, switch board
manufacturers and competent persons, and to prescribe fees
for such registration;
(m) the measures to be taken and the equipment to be supplied

and used in connection with installations in order to secure
public and private safety;
(n) the precautions to be taken on the relief of any person in the

control of any installation, plant or equipment and the
manner of notifying to the Commission the names and
qualifications of any person placed in the control of any
installation and of the operation of any plant or equipment;
(o) the manner of calculating the capacity of any system,

installation, equipment, cable, generator and/or motor;
(p) the manner of determination of disputes, holding enquiries

and arbitration under this Act;
(q) the form of notices and the manner of service thereof;
(r) the appraisal and approval, where necessary, of any

domestic or other equipment to be manufactured, imported,
displayed, sold, advertised, installed or used and to prescribe
fees to be paid thereof;
(s) the provisions for the licensees with respect to matters

pertaining to—
(i) the inspection of any installation or part thereof;
(ii) the erection and fixing of public lamps;
(iii) the disconnection of supplying of electricity; and
(iv) any other matter connected therewith;
(t) the submission of financial statements and audited reports

by the licensees;
(u) the manner of execution of works in connection with the

generation or supply of electricity without prejudice to
public or private safety;
(v) the means to be adopted, whether by prohibition or

otherwise, to prevent or abate any nuisance likely to arise or
arising from the working of any installation, plant or
equipment;
(w) the fees payable in respect of the inspection, testing and

maintenance of consumers’ installations and apparatus, of
the fixing and testing of meters, and in respect of any other
service properly rendered on account of consumers;
(x) the regulation of the licensee and consumer relationship such

as provisions on the recovery of charges for electricity supply
including any surcharges for late payment, the annual interest
payable by a licensee to any person for any security given and
any rates or conditions connected thereto, connection,
disconnection or restoration of supply by the licensee, entry
into any premises by the licensee or his authorized officers
for purposes related to the supply, connection, disconnection
or restoration of supply, entry for purposes of replacing,
repairing or altering any electricity line or electrical plant or
equipment and the form of any notice required;
(xa) the standards, specifications, practices and measures to be

adopted and any other matter relating to the efficient use of
electricity;
(xb) the standards, specification, practices and measures to be

adopted and any other matters relating to power quality;
(xc) matters relating to metering, prepaid metering, metering

infrastructure, telemetering, equipment, electrical product
and consumer electrical equipment;
(xd) matters relating to use of supply line for the purposes of

communications as set out under section 44A;
(xe) in respect of the import and manufacture of consumer electrical

equipment, the registration of importers and manufacturers and
conformity assessment bodies pertaining to the consumer
electrical equipment, training and examination center or

institution and to prescribe fees for such registration;
(xf) matters relating to the Electricity Industry Fund;
(xg) matters relating to the licensing under the Act;
(xh) all functions, duties and responsibilities of the System

Operator and the Single Buyer;
(xi) the revision of the safety management plan and safety

management programme and for the audit of the licensee
and non-domestic installation owner or operator;
(xj) the fees payable in respect of efficient use of electricity by

equipment and approval thereof;
(xk) matters relating to registration of person providing service

relating to efficient use of electricity and the payment of fees
for processing application and registration;
(xl) matters and period of time for keeping of records and

documents; and
(y) any other matter generally to give effect to the provisions

of this Act.
(2) Any regulations made under subsection (1) may prescribe any
act in contravention of the regulations to be an offence and may
prescribe a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or imprisonment
for a term not exceeding two years, or both, for such offence.
PART XII
MISCELLANEOUS
Exemptions
54. (1) The Minister may, upon the recommendation of the

Commission, by notification in the Gazette exempt from any or all of
the provisions of this Act or any regulation made or codes issued
thereunder for any period as specified—
(a) any installation, or part thereof, owned by or worked by or

on behalf of any supply authority or licensee;
(b) any other particular class of installation, plant or equipment,
and may, by similar notification, cancel any exemption so notified.
(2) The Commission may recommend to the Minister the conditions

to be applicable to an exemption granted under subsection (1).
(3) Except as otherwise provided in the exemption, an exemption

under subsection (1) may be varied or revoked.
Transitional provision and restrictions attached to licences issued

prior to this Act
55. (1) Any licence for any private or public installation granted to
any person under any written law promulgated prior to this Act shall
be deemed to have been granted under this Act and shall remain valid
until it is revoked under this Act and the provisions of this Act shall
apply to such person as if he were a licensee under this Act.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any licence for a public

installation issued under any written law promulgated prior to this Act,
no holder of any such licence shall, without the prior approval of the
Commission—
(a) acquire any land or buildings for the purposes of such

installation;
(b) commence any new scheme for the supply of electricity;
(c) extend any existing installation or area of supply; or
(d) install any new, or replace any existing plant or equipment

for the purposes of such installation.
Failure to comply with this subsection shall render the licensee liable
to have his licence revoked at the discretion of the Commission.
Repeal of Electricity Act 1949 and Electrical Inspectorate Act 1983

and savings in respect thereof
56. (1) The Electricity Act 1949 [Act 116] and the Electrical
Inspectorate Act 1983 [Act 277] are hereby repealed.
(2) Any regulation made under the Electrical Inspectorate Act

1983 shall continue in force until revoked or replaced by regulations
made under this Act.
(3)The Minister may, whenever it appears to him necessary or

expedient so to do whether for the purpose of removing difficulties or in
consequence of the passing of this Act, by order make such modifications
to any provision in any regulation in subsection (2) as he may think fit.
____________________________
FIRST SCHEDULE
[Subsection 11(2)]
MALAYSIA
STATE OF …………
NOTICE OF INTENTION TO ENTER AND DO WORK ON LAND

UNDER SECTION 11
To:
Title or other description of land…………………
Take notice that I/we………………………of………………………being the holder

of a licence dated………………………under the Electricity Supply Act 1990
am/are desirous of entering the above-mentioned land for the p urp o s e o f (here set
out as fully and accurately as possible what is intended to be done).
Within fourteen days from the date of receipt of this notice you may lodge an
objection either verbally or in writing with the District Land Administrator at
……………………………………………………
The District Land Administrator has appointed ……………………… as the day

upon which objections will be heard.
Unless you lodge an objection within the specified time it will be presumed that
you have consented to my/our entering on the land on the terms of this notice.
You will be paid proper compensation for any damage done.
Dated this…………………… day of ………………20………
...........................
Licensee
____________
SECOND SCHEDULE
[Subsection 11(7)]
MALAYSIA
STATE OF……………
ORDER OF THE DISTRICT LAND ADMINISTRATOR IN RESPECT OF

OBJECTION ON THE ENTRY ON LAND
To:
In the matter of an enquiry held under subsection 11(6) of the Electricity Supply
Act 1990 between the licensee and the owner of the land situated on Lot No.………,
Title No.……………………………….., Mukim……………………………………
An enquiry has been held on……………… before ………………………………

the District Land Administrator …………………………………… in the presence
of……………………………………………………. on behalf of the licensee and
……………………………………. on behalf of the land owner.
After holding the enquiry it is hereby ordered as follows:
*(a) the licensee is allowed to enter the said land to do the works as specified
in the notice issued under subsection 11(2) of the Electricity Supply Act
1990.
*(b) the licensee is allowed to enter the said land to do the works as specified
1990 subject to the following conditions:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(state the conditions)
*(c) the licensee is not allowed to enter the said land to do the works specified
1990.
Dated this ……day of ……20……….
.............................................
District Land Administrator
___________________________________________________________________
*delete whichever is not applicable
____________
THIRD SCHEDULE
[Subsection 16(1)]
MALAYSIA
STATE OF…………
ASSESSMENT
To:
In the matter of an enquiry for the payment of compensation under section 10*,
11* or 13* of the Electricity Supply Act 1990 between the licensee and the owner of
the land situated on Lot No………………, Title No. ………………,
Mukim……………
An enquiry has been held on ……………… before ………………… the

District Land Administrator ………………… in the presence of …………………
on behalf of the licensee and ................ on behalf of the land owner.
After holding the enquiry it is hereby ordered that the compensation payable
by the licensee to the land owner is as follows:
Dated this …………… day of……… 20………
...............................................
District Land Administrator
___________________________________________________________________
*delete whichever is not applicable
________________________
97
LAWS OF MALAYSIA
Act 447
LIST OF AMENDMENTS
Amending law Short title In force from
P.U. (A) 272/1990 Suspension of the Operation of the 01-09-1990

Act (Sarawak) Order 1990
Act A1116 Electricity Supply (Amendment) 02-01-2002

Act 2001
Act A1501 Electricity Supply (Amendment) 01-01-2016

Act 2015
98
LAWS OF MALAYSIA
Act 447
LIST OF SECTIONS AMENDED
Section Amending authority In force from
Long title Act A1116 02-01-2002
2 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
3 Act A1116 02-01-2002
Heading of Part III Act A1116 02-01-2002
4 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
4A Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
5 Act A1116 02-01-2002
5A Act A1501 01-01-2016
5B Act A1501 01-01-2016
6 Act A1116 02-01-2002
7 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
8 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
9 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
9A Act A1501 01-01-2016
9B Act A1501 01-01-2016
9C Act A1501 01-01-2016
9D Act A1501 01-01-2016
9E Act A1501 01-01-2016
11 Act A1116 02-01-2002
12 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
17 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
18 Act A1116 02-01-2002
19 Act A1116 02-01-2002
20 Act A1116 02-01-2002
21 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
22 Act A1116 02-01-2002
22A Act A1501 01-01-2016
22B Act A1501 01-01-2016
23 Act A1501 01-01-2016
23A Act A1116 02-01-2002
23B Act A1116 02-01-2002
23C Act A1116 02-01-2002

23D Act A1501 01-01-2016
24 Act A1501 01-01-2016
25 Act A1501 01-01-2016
26 Act A1501 01-01-2016
26A Act A1116 02-01-2002
27 Act A1501 01-01-2016
28 Act A1116 02-01-2002
28A Act A1116 02-01-2002
28B Act A1501 01-01-2016
29 Act A1501 01-01-2016
30 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
30A Act A1501 01-01-2016
30B Act A1501 01-01-2016
31 Act A1116 02-01-2002
32 Act A1501 01-01-2016
33 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
33A Act A1501 01-01-2016
33B Act A1501 01-01-2016
33C Act A1501 01-01-2016
33D Act A1501 01-01-2016

33E Act A1501 01-01-2016
33F Act A1501 01-01-2016
34 Act A1116 02-01-2002
35 Act A1116 02-01-2002
36 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
37 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
37A Act A1501 01-01-2016
37B Act A1501 01-01-2016
38 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
40 Act A1116 02-01-2002
41 Act A1116 02-01-2002
42 Act A1116 02-01-2002
43 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
44A Act A1501 01-01-2016
44B Act A1501 01-01-2016
44C Act A1501 01-01-2016
44D Act A1501 01-01-2016
44E Act A1501 01-01-2016
45 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
45A Act A1501 01-01-2016
45B Act A1501 01-01-2016
45C Act A1501 01-01-2016
46 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
47 Act A1116 02-01-2002
48 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
49 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
50 Act A1501 01-01-2016
50A Act A1501 01-01-2016
50B Act A1501 01-01-2016
50C Act A1501 01-01-2016
50D Act A1501 01-01-2016
50E Act A1501 01-01-2016
50F Act A1501 01-01-2016
51 Act A1116 02-01-2002
52 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 01-01-2016
52A Act A1501 01-01-2016
52B Act A1501 01-01-2016

53 Act A1116 02-01-2002

Act A1501 Akta A1501
54 Act A1501 01-01-2016
55 Act A1116 02-01-2002
\\
______________________________

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LAWS OF MALAYSIA

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990

Date of publication in the Gazette ... … ... 30 August 1990

Latest amendment made by

First Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 2001

Second Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 2006

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990

4. Functions and duties

23. Persons in charge

23B. Installation to meet requirements

33. Serious accidents to be reported and investigated by the Commission

34. Procedure in relation to enquiry and arbitration

44B. Contribution by licensee

45. Precautions in execution of work

53. Power to make regulations

55. Transitional provision and restrictions attached to licences issued prior to

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990

An Act to provide for the regulation of the electricity supply industry,

[1 September 1990, P.U. (B) 494/1990]

BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan

Short title, commencement and application

2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

“arbitration” means arbitration under and in accordance with section

“area of supply” means the area within which a supply authority or

“authorized officer” means any public officer or officer of the

“authorized person” means a person appointed by the management

Provided that the said person possesses the qualifications prescribed

“Chairman” means the Chairman of the Energy Commission

“Chief Executive Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer of the

“Commission” means the Energy Commission established under the

“communications” has the meaning assigned to it under the

“competent person” means a person who holds a certificate of

“conductor” means an electrical conductor arranged to be electrically

“consumer” means a person who is supplied with electricity or whose

“consumer electrical equipment” means an appliance, product,

(a) is sold to the public; or

(b) does not require special skill in its operation;

“conversion” means the conversion of alternating current to direct

“danger” means danger to health or to human life or limb from shock,

“dead”, applied to any system or part of a system, means that it is not

“dishonestly” has the meaning assigned thereto in the Penal Code

“District Land Administrator” has the meaning assigned to “Land

“electrical product” means any equipment, device or appliance other

“electrical work” means any work performed or carried out on an

(a) the manufacturing of an electrical installation or the

(b) the oiling, greasing, cleaning or painting of an electrical

“electricity” means electrical energy or electrical power when

“electricity distribution network” means a system or part of a system

“electricity supply infrastructure” means the licensee’s—

(a) generating station;

(b) main supply lines and supply lines;

(c) substations for converting, transforming or controlling

(d) equipment for metering, monitoring or controlling

(e) any wires, equipment and passages including tunnels and

“electricity transmission network” means a system or part of a

(a) from a generating station to a substation;

(b) from one generating station to another;

(c) from one substation to another;