The Scientific Revolution 1543-1700

The Scientific Revolution 5 Main Points in Heliocentric Model
1. The earth revolves around the sun.

1543-1700 2. The moon is the only celestial object that revolves
Learning Objectives: around the earth.
 To acquaint ourselves what Scientific Revolution is 3. The earth completes one full rotation on its axis
all about? every day.
 To know some of the beliefs before the Scientific 4. Other planets’ revolutions around the sun take
Revolution. significantly longer than the earth.
 Be able to decipher the idea of Copernican Theory. 5. The universe is actually overwhelmingly larger than
it was originally believed to be.
 To learn what other important occurrences
happened during the Scientific Revolution.
What is Revolution? Reactions to Copernicus’ Theory
• A Revolution is a complete change, or an overthrow  Most scholars rejected his theory because it went
of a government, social system etc. against Ptolemy, the Church, and because it called
for the Earth to rotate on its axis.
 Many scientists of the time also felt that if

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Ptolemy’s reasoning about the planets was wrong,
then the whole system of human knowledge could
 The scientific revolution was the emergence of
be wrong.
modern science during the early modern period.
 In the 1500s to 1700s the Scientific Revolution

changed the way Europeans looked at the world. Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
 People began to make conclusions based on  Born in Denmark, a Danish Astronomer.

experimentation and observation, instead of
 Supported the Copernicus’ Heliocentric theory by
merely accepting traditional ideas.
providing evidence.
 Set up an astronomical observatory.

Before the Scientific Revolution . . .
 Documented the movement of the stars and the
 Ptolemy, an ancient Greek philosopher taught that planets.
the Earth was the center of the universe.
 Geocentric Theory was supported by the Church.

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
 A German astronomer and mathematician

The Copernican Theory  Assistant to Brahe
 Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who study in  Used Brahe’s data to calculate the orbits of the
Italy. planets revolving around the sun.
 Published the De revolutionibus orbium  Created the “Laws of the Planetary Motion”
coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres)
 Developed the Heliocentric Model of the Solar Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

System.  An Italian astronomer who built upon the scientific
foundation laid by Copernicus and Kepler.
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Model  Assembled and first to used telescope.
 Comes from the Greek word “helios” means “sun”  Discovered mountains on the Moon, Jupiter’s
moons and sunspots.
 A sun-centered universe
 Found out that objects fall at the same speed
regardless of weight
Reactions to Galilei’s Beliefs Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
 Other scholars came against him.  A French scientist, mathematician and philosopher.
 The Church announced him as heretic in 1661.  Developed analytical geometry (links both algebra
and geometry).
 Summoned to Rome for trial and found guilty.
 Emphasized human reasoning as the best road to
 He was put under house arrest, and did not allowed
understanding.
to publish his ideas until 1758.
“I think, therefore I am”
 In 1835, the Church stopped its opposition to
Heliocentrism.
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Other Scientific Advances…

 English Politician and writer with an interest in Medicine
Science
Andreas Vesalius
 Preferred inductive reasoning and facts over theory.
(1514-1564)
 Emphasized experimentation
 In 1543, he published “On the Structure of the
 Invented the Scientific Method. Human Body”
- First accurate and detailed book on human anatomy.

Scientific Method
• A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing Medicine

data.
William Harvey
1) State the problem.
(1578-1657)
2) Collect information.
 He published “On the Motion of the Heart and
3) Form a hypothesis. Blood in Animals” in 1628
4) Test the hypothesis. - Showed how the heart served as a pump to circulate
blood throughout the body.
5) Record and analyze data.
6) State a conclusion.
Chemistry
7) Repeat steps 1-6
Robert Boyle
 Did not rely on the classical thinkers of the church, but
depended upon a step-by-step process of (1627-1691)
observation and experimentation.
 Distinguished between individual elements and
 Set Europe on the road to rapid technological progress. chemical compound.
 Explained the effect of temperature and pressure

on gases.
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
 Published his scientific ideas in his book

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
known as “Principia”.
Prepared by:
 Formulated the Laws of Motion
Daphane Kate D. Aureada
st
1 Law : A body at rest stay at rest
Denise Fae M. Montiel
2nd Law: Acceleration is caused by force
3rd Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite

reaction.
 Invented the Calculus

The Scientific Revolution 1543-1700

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The Scientific Revolution 5 Main Points in Heliocentric Model

1. The earth revolves around the sun.

What is Revolution? Reactions to Copernicus’ Theory

 Many scientists of the time also felt that if

 In the 1500s to 1700s the Scientific Revolution

 People began to make conclusions based on  Born in Denmark, a Danish Astronomer.

 Set up an astronomical observatory.

 Geocentric Theory was supported by the Church.

 A German astronomer and mathematician

 Developed the Heliocentric Model of the Solar Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Copernicus’ Heliocentric Model  Assembled and first to used telescope.

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Other Scientific Advances…

- First accurate and detailed book on human anatomy.

• A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing Medicine

 Explained the effect of temperature and pressure

 Published his scientific ideas in his book

3rd Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite

 Invented the Calculus

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