Applied Engineering Economics: Dr. Scott J. Amos, PE
Applied Engineering Economics: Dr. Scott J. Amos, PE
Applied Engineering Economics: Dr. Scott J. Amos, PE
Chapter 28
INTRODUCTION which benefits are equivalent to costs. Thus the cash flow is
solved for the unknown value, i. This technique is also
In the previous chapter, the basic tools for economic analysis known as internal rate of return and can be used with either
were developed. These tools allow us to manipulate cash present worth or annual worth equivalents.
flows in many ways and give us the power to compare and
evaluate cash flow against specified criteria. Application of Example 28.1—
these tools is the subject of this chapter. In general, econom-
ic selection criterion will be either maximization of benefits, A $10,000 investment returned $2,342 per year over a 5-
minimization of costs, or maximization of the net profits. year period. What was the rate of return on this invest-
Techniques will be presented for evaluation of single as well ment?
as multiple alternative type problems.
Solution—Set the present worth of benefits equal to the
present worth of costs, then algebraically isolate the dis-
LEARNING OBJECTIVES count factor and treat it as an unknown.
After completing this chapter, readers should be able to $2,342 (P/A, i, 5) = $10,000
(P/A, i, 5) = $10,000 = 4.27
• evaluate and select the best alternative using present $2,342
value, future value, equivalent uniform annual value,
and discounted rate of return; and Now look at the compound interest factors in the tables
• compare alternatives using the benefit-cost ratio. 27.2 and 27.3 for the value of i where (P/A, i, 5) = 4.270;
since no tabulated value is given, find the values on
either side of the desired value and interpolate to find
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS the rate of return i.
There are two fundamental approaches to the analysis of a From the tables find
given cash flow, equivalent worth, and rate-of-return.
i (P/A, i, 5)
Equivalent Worth—The equivalent worth method simply
5.0 % 4.379
converts to one of the basic forms, i.e., the equivalent present
? 4.270
worth, or annual worth, using previously-developed tech-
6.0 % 4.212
niques and the required MARR. A negative result means the
proposed cash flow is unacceptable because it does not pro-
vide the required return-on-investment. Positive results are
desirable and indicate an investment that will meet the pre-
scribed criteria. This technique has been previously illustrat- In this example, the rate of return for the investment was
ed in examples 27.5 through 27.7. found to be 5.5 percent.
28.1