2 WSD

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes

Engr. Alberto S. Cañete – Professor Materials 2k6 – 2k7
Concrete
- Cement
- Sand
- Gravel
- Additives
- Water
Additional:
- plasticizer
- super plasticizer
- retarder – delay the setting of the concrete
- high strength / fast curing
f’c - 28 day strength

- Ultimate strength
3000 psi = 3 ksi = 20.7 MPa or 21 MPa
4000 psi = 4 ksi = 27.6 MPa or 28 MPa
5000 psi = 5 ksi = 34.8 MPa or 35 MPa
10,000 psi = 10 ksi = 69 MPa or 70 MPa
Ec = 4700 f ' c (MPa) = 4.7 f 'c (GPa)
fc’
0.85fc’
NORMAL WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
“pure” concrete, w = 145 pcf = 22.81 ~ 22.8 kN/m3

“reinforced concrete, w = 150 pcf = 23.56 ~ 23.6 kN/m3

Steel
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete – Professor 2k6 – 2k7
- Reinforcing Bars, Rebars, Deformed bars Hooke’s Law
RC f = E*ε
- Intermediate grade (σ)
Yield stress Es = 200000 MPa

fy = 40 ksi (276 MPa) Grade 40 = 200 GPa
= 60 ksi (414 MPa) Grade 60

Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
d = effective depth
640 Ab
y   4  80 Ab   2 160 Ab   64
10 Ab
= 64 + 70
= 134 mm
From the figure:

 Fv  o
P = Ps + Pc
Compatibility relationship
c   s  
PL PL PL
 ; c  c c ;  s  s s
AE Ac Ec As Es
Lc As Es
Ps  Pc
Ls Ac Ec

Where: Lc As Es
P  Pc  Pc
Ls Ac Ec
n = modular ratio
Es  A  A 
P   n s  1 Pc *  c 
=  Ac   Ac 
Ec
P
(rounded to nearest whole number) P   nAs  Ac  c
Ac
Ls = Lc = L Ac 1
P  Ps  Ps
As n
NOTE:
When dealing with 2 different materials,
convert steel to equivalent concrete.
By:
f’c = 20 MPa, GR. 40
Es 200 200
n= = 4.7 f ' c  4.7 20  9.52 say 10
Ec
P Pc
f  where: is the concrete stress
A Ac
P P
fc  c  ( nAs  Ac ) is the area total ( At )
Ac nAs  Ac
Ps P n
fs   * 
A
As A  c  n 
s
n
P
fs  *n
nAs  Ac
fs  fcn
Centroid / N.A.
c
y
 Ay 
 ydA
A  dA
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 N.A as reference line Lecture Notes
 ydA  0 or  Ay  0
1
 dA  A  2bh
dA  ydx
b
h  h 
h y  xh  dA  0   b x  h dx
b
b
 hx 2 
   hx 
 2b 0
 h b2 
   hb   0  0
 2 b 
bh
 q.e.d
2
Centroid of a Triangle
b
y 1
 ydA   2 ydx  2 0 y dx
2
1 h2 2 
b
h2
   2
2 0 b
x  2
b
x  h 2 dx

b
1 h2 x3 h2 x2 
  2 2  h 2 x
2 b 3 b 2 0
bh 2  1  bh 2
 ydA   1  1   0  
2  3 
 6
bh 2
h
y  6  q.e.d
bh 3 Substitute AS =ρbd
2
 nbd   nbd  2  4 b 2  nbd 2 
c
b
 n   n  2   2n 
c *  bd 
b
c 
   h   h   2 h 
2
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) d  

Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 c Lecture Notes
∑MNA (M
Engr. Alberto area above
S. Cañete =M area below)
– Professor k 2k6 – 2k7
d
k    h   h   2 h 
2
 
c
bc   nAs  d  c 
2
b 2
c  nAs c  nAs d  0
2
 nAs   nAs  2  4 b 2  nAs d 
c
b
As
but :   steel ratio   As  bd
bd
NOTE
I is minimum when computing it
passing through its centroid.
2
bc 3 bh 3 h
 nAs  d  c  I  bh 
2
I tr 
3 12 2
dA   y A
2
I  y
2
 1 1
 bh 3   
 12 4 
3
bh

3
25θ

Sample
Engr. Problem
Alberto S. Cañete – Professor 2k6 – 2k7
STRESSES
Strain concrete = strain steel As Es

c  c Ps  Pc
Ac Ec
f c   c Ec Hooke’s Law
Ps P
f s   s Es s   c n
As Ac
fc f
 s
Ec E s
Es
f s  fc
Ec
f s  nf c
My
f 
I
My
fc 
I
Monday 5:00
fs –M 
9:00 
d /cThursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
I
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete
tr – Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 M  d  c 
f s    * n  stress of rebars
 I tr 
Reactions:
1 1
Ra    30 9  9  1
8 2 3 
 33.75kN
Rb  101.25kN
M neg 
1
 26.6667  1   1  301  2 
2  3 2 3
 14.444kN  m
•point of zero shear
33.75 kN
Shear diagram
x
Ra  33.75kN
2
M pos  33.75 4.5  
x 10 3
w * 30  x
9 3  101.25kN  m
 Fv ()
1 1  10 
wx  33.75   x  x  33.75
2 2 3 
x  4.5m

given : f ' c  25MPa
25 2 
As  4   1963.5mm 2
4
200 E 200000 MPa
n  8.51 say 9  n  s 
4.7 25 Ec 4730 f ' c
As 1963.5
n  n  9  0.1122
bd 250  630
c   h   h   2 h  d    0.1122    0.1122  2  2 0.1122    630
2
   
 236.01
250 236.01
3
bc 3
I tr   nAs ( d  c) 2   9(1963.5)(630  236.01) 2
3 3
 3.839  10 mm
9 4
101.25  10 6  236.01 Mc
fc   6.2245 MPa  fc  ; c  c; I na  I tr
3.839  10 9
I na
101.25  10 6 (630  236.01) fs Mc
fs   9  93.52MPa   ; c  (d  c)
3.839  10 9
n I na

16 2 
As  4   804.25mm 2
4
200 E 200000MPa
n  8.51 say 9  n  s 
4.7 25 E c 4730 f ' c
As 804.25
n  n  9  0.045957
bd 250  630
c   h   h   2 h  d    0.045957   0.045957 2  2 0.045957   630
2
   
 164.23
250164.23
3
bc 3
I tr   nAs ( d  c) 2   9(804.25)(630  164.23) 2
3 3
 1.9394  10 9 mm 4
14.444  10 6  164.23 Mc
fc   1.2231MPa  fc  ; c  c; I na  I tr
1.9394  10 9
I na
14.444  10 6 (630  164.23) fs Mc
fs   9  31.22MPa   ; c  (d  c)
1.9394  10 9
n I na
Allowable stress
Concrete fcallow =0.45f’c
Steel
fsallow= 128MPa (GR. 40)
= 165.6MPa (GR. 60)
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – Singly

1) Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00
Analysis: Lecture Notes
Given: b,d, f’c,fy,M Note: (f’c) fcallow
Find: Stresses fc and fs (fs ) fs allow
Sol’n.:
E s 200000 MPa 200

1. n   
nc   4730
2. k  E n   2 f n' c
2
4.7 f ' c
3. c  kA sd

bc
bd 3
4. I tr   nAs ( d  c) 2
A3s
n Mc n M (d  c)
fc  bd fs  n
I tr I tr
Find: Mcap
5. Based on concrete allowable stress

fcI
M  where fc  fcallow
C
Based on steel
f s I tr
M   where fs  fs allow
(d  c)n
Lower M governs
Design (part A)
Given: f’c,fy,M Note: (f’c) fcallow

Find: a) req’d bd2 (fs ) fs allow
b) req’d As
Over-reinforced (brittle) = Concrete will fail first

Under-reinforced (ductile) = Rebars will fail first
Balanced = Concrete and steel will fail simultaneously
Brittle vs. Ductile: Brittle design should be avoided by the designer
Sol’n.:

Balanced Condition:
1
C f c b  kd T  As f s
2
C  T from  F  0
c c
Strains    (1  k ) s   s k
kd d  kd
c
k
c  s
f f
note :  c  c s  s subst. to  c and  c
Ec Es
fc
Ec E
k  s
fc f Es
 s
Ec E s
nf c fc
 
nf c  f s f
fc  s
n
kd
Lever arm  jd  d  c / 3  d 
3
C
 k 
 1  d
 3  jd
k
j  1
3
T
M  0
M   C or T   moment arm
1
 f c bkd  jd
2 Where: C, Compression Force
T, Tension Force
2M
req ' d bd 2  Assume : d  2 to 3; 2 to 5
f c kj b
ex : d  2  d  2b
b
1
 req ' d bd 2  3
req ' d b     bactual ( round to the nearest 50mm.)
 4 
2
Monday 5:00 req ' d bd Lecture Notes
d – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00
bactual– Professor
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete 2k6 – 2k7
(PART B)
M  As f s  jd
M
req ' d As 
f s jd
Sol ' n :
200
1.) n 
4.7 f ' c
f c  0.45 f ' c
f s  138MPa Gr.40
 165.6 MPa Gr.60
2.) Solve for :
fc
k
fs
fc 
n
3.) j  1  k / 3
2M
4.) req ' d bd 2  Choose b & d
f c kj
M
5.)req ' d As 
f s jd
Example: determine the req’d b.d &As of the beam shown below. Use f’c =28 MPa and Gr. 60 rebars.
Use also d = 2.5 b
ReinforcedConcrete
Reinforced ConcreteDesign
Design((RCD
RCD––11)) WorkingStress
Working StressDesign
Design((WSD
WSD))
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:006:00––9:00
9:00 Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes
Engr.Alberto
Engr. AlbertoS.S.Cañete
Cañete––Professor
Professor 2k6––2k7
2k6 2k7
1
M  (30)(102 )  375 kNm
8
200
n  8.04  8
4.7 28
f c  0.45(28)  12.6 MPa
f s  165.6 MPa
12.6
k  .37838
165.6
12.6 
8
.37838
j 1  .87387
3
2  375  106
req ' d bd 2   180.02  106 mm3
12.6  .37838  .87387
for d  2.5b  req ' d b
180.02
req ' d b  3  100  306.54mm.  300mm.
6.25
180.02
d  1000  774.64mm.
300
375  106
req ' d As 
165.6  .87387  774.64
 3345.2 mm 2
@ using 28 mm  bars;

Ab  (28) 2  615.75 mm 2
4
req ' d no. of bars
A 3345.2
n s   5.43  6 bars (round up)
Ab 615.75
Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beams

Engr. Alberto S. Cañete – Professor tensile bars 2k6 – 2k7
Compression area
 (b  c  A's )  2nA's
 b  c  ( 2n  1) A' s Conversion of compression
Creep flow bars to its equivalent concrete
=2n
Centroid
M  0 @ N . A.
1
bc  c  (2n  1) A' s (c  d ' )  nAs ( d  c)
2
b 2
c  [(2n  1) A' s  nAs ]c  [(2n  1) A' s d ' nAs d ]  0
2
b
let A  ; B  (2n  1) A' s  nAs & C  (2n  1) A' s d ' nAs d
2
B B 2  4 AC
c
2A
bc 3
I tr   nAs ( d  c ) 2  ( 2n  1) A' s (c  d ' ) 2
3
Stresses :
Mc
Concrete : fc 
I tr
M (d  c)
Tensile Bars : fs  n
I tr
M (c  d ' )
Compression Bars : f ' s  2n
I tr
Analysis Problem:
Given: b, d, d’, As, A’s, f’c, fy, fcallow, fsallow

sol’n:
1.) n
2.) c
3.) Itr
4.) stresses or Mcap
Design:
Given: b, d, d’, M, f’c, fy, fcallow, fsallow
find: As & A’s

n, k , j  lever arm
1
Cc  Ts1  f cbkd  As1 f s
2
1 f cbkd
As1 
2 fs
M 1  As1 f s jd if M  M 1; use singly
M 2  M  M1 if M  M 1; use doubly
Ts 2 (d  d ' )  M 2
M2
As 2 
f s (d  d ' )
As  As1  As 2
 F  0 C s  Ts 2
A's  As 2 f st
A's f sc  As 2 f st
f st
A's  As 2
f sc
kd  d '
 sc   c  2  for creep
kd
f sc  Es sc f c  Ec c
Es kd  d '
f sc  f c 2
Ec kd
kd  d '
f sc  2nf c
kd

Solution process (doubly)
1.) n
2.) k
3.) j
2M
4.) req ' d bd 2   actual bd 2 ; use singly
f c kj
 actual bd 2 ; use doubly
f c bkd
5.)A s1 
2 fs
6.) M 1  A s1 f s d
7.) M 2  M  M 1
M2
8.)A s2 
f s (d  d ' )
9.)A s  A s1  A s2
kd  d '
10.) f sc  2nf c 
kd
11 .)if f sc  f s use
fs
A's  A s2
f sc
if f sc  f s use
fs
A's  A s2
fs
Example Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 )

Reinforced Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete – Professor Given: b = 300 mm f’c = 28 MPa
2k6 – 2k7
d = 743 mm fy = 414 MPa
. Find: Req’d no. of top (20 mm Ø)

and bottom (32 mm Ø) bars
.
Solution:
1
M  (40)(10) 2  500kNm
8
n8
k  0.37838
j  0.87387
f c  12.6 MPa
f s  165.6 MPa
2  500  106
req ' d bd 2   240.02  106 mm3
12.6  .37838  .87387
Actual bd 2  3(7.43) 2  106  165.61  106 mm3
165.61  106 mm3  240.02  106 mm3
therefore : design as doubly
12.6  300  .37838  743
As1   3208.6mm 2
2  165.6
M 1  3208.6  165.6  .87387  743  10 6  345kNm
M 2  500  345  155kNm
155  106
As 2   1390.8mm 2
165.6(743  70)
As  3208.6  1390.8  4599.4mm2
4599.4
n  5.7  6 bars
 2
(32)
4
 (.37838  743)  70 
f sc  2  8  12.6   151.40 MPa
 .37838  743 
151.40 MPa  165.6  ok!
165.6
A's  1390.8   1521.2mm 2
151.4
1521.4
n  4.8  5 bars

(20) 2
4
IRREGULAR SECTIONS

ANALYSIS
Given: b,bw,tf,As,f’c,fy,M
Find: Mcap, Stresses
t f (b  bw )(c  t f / 2)  bw c(c / 2)  nAs ( d  c )

bwc 2
2

 t f (b  bw )  nAs c  t f 
 2 (b  bw )
2

 nAs d   0
 
b
A w
2
 B  B 2  4 AC
B  t f (b  bw )  nAs c
2A
2 (b  bw )
C  tf  nAs d
2
2
1  tf  b c3
) c    w  nAs ( d  c) 2
3
I tr  (b  bw )t f  (b  bw )(t f
12  2  3

Stresses
Mc M ( d  c)
fc  fs  n
I tr I tr
Moment Capacity
f c I tr f s I tr
M M
c n(d  c )
(concrete) ( steel )
Case 1 or Case 2? assume c = tf
If Moment of Area above > Moment of Area below; use singly ; c < tf
If Moment of Area above < Moment of Area below; use doubly ; c > tf

Monday
Example5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Given: L = 10m., find max w that the beam can carry safely
Solution:
200
n  9.52 say 10
4.7 20

nAs  10  (20) 2  4  12566mm 2
4
Assume c  100mm.
350 x 100  50  or  12566(550  100)
175000  5654700
therefore : irregular section
A  150/2  75mm.
B  100(200)  12566  32566mm 2
100 2 (200)
C   12566(550)  7911300mm 3
2
c  173.56mm
1 150(173.56) 3
I tr  (200)(100) 3  (200)(100)(173.56) 2   12566(550  173.56) 2
12 3
 2364.1  10 6 mm 4
Based on Concrete allowablestresses
fc  .45  20  9 MPa
9(2364.1  10 6 )
Mcap   10  6  122.59kNm
173.56
Based on steel
fs  138MPa
138(2364.1  10 6 ) 1 8M 8  86.667
Mcap   10  6 M  wL 2  w  
(550  173.56)(10) 8 L 2
10 2
 86.667 kN  m  122.59 kN - m w  6.9333kN / m
Therefore Mcap  86.667kNm
QUIZ 2: WORKING STRESS DESIGN (WSD)
d
1.) Determine the required size of the prismatic beam below. Use  2.4. Determine the number of
b
Reinforced  bars (topDesign
20 mm Concrete & bottom ) using
( RCD – 1 ) singly reinforced design Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Fixed  end Moments
( From Steel Handbook )
MA 
wa 2
30 L2

30 L2
 70 aL  45a 2
150( 4) 2
30(10) 2
 
30(10) 2  70( 4)(10)  45( 4) 2  736 kNm
wa 3 150( 4)3
MA   35 L  45 a    30(10)  45(4)  544 kNm
30 L2 30(10) 2
Final Moments
fc  0.45544 ( 24)  10.8MPa
M A  736   1008 kNm ;MB  0
fs  138 MPa 2
2002
 ( 4)  8.69
6 1008
VA n150  say 9 460.80 kN
4.7  24 2  10  10
fc 10 .8
 (4) 4  1008  139.20 0kN
VB k 150 .41327
fs
fc  10  10 .8  138
n 10 9
k 0.41327
j  1  1  0.86224
3 3
2M 2 * 1008 * 106
Re q' d bd 2    523.85 x106 mm3
fc ( k )( j ) 10.8 * 0.41327 * 0.86224
Re q' d b 
 523.85  1 m say 450 mm 139.2(2)
3  2  x100  449.7wx  139.2  x   2.7247m
 2.4  2 37.5
Re q' d d 
523.85
x1000  1078.M
2
mm 2(139.2)  (2.7247)(139.2)
9 POS
450 3
M POS  531.25 kNm  1008
Design for Negative Moment, Top Bars
M  1008 kN - m
M 1008 * 106
AS    7851.6 mm 2
fs ( j )(d ) 138 * 0.86224 * 1078.9

A b  ( 20) 2  314.16
4
7851.6
n  24.99 bars say 25 bars
314.16
Design for Positive Moment, Bottom Bars

M  531.25 kN - m
M 531.25 * 106
AS    4138.2 mm 2
fs ( j )( d ) 138 * 0 .
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 )86224 * 1078 . 9 Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Monday  Lecture Notes
A b 5:00
 (–209:00 ) 2  /314
Thursday
.16 6:00 – 9:00
4 S. Cañete – Professor
Engr. Alberto 2k6 – 2k7
4138 .2
n  13.17 bars say 14 bars
314.16
2.) Determine the safe load w that the beam can carry.

5 * 20 2 * 100
d  830   902.25 mm
5 * 20 2  3 * 16 2
fc  0.45 * 32  14.4 MPa
fs  165.6 MPa
200
n  7.522 say 8
4.7 32

AS  (5 * 202  3 * 16 2 )  2174.0 mm2
4
2174 * 8
n   0.048190
400 * 902.25
c   0.0419 

 0.04819  2   2 * 0.04819   * 902.25  239.98 mm

1
I tr  * 400( 239.98)3  (8 * 2174)(902.25  239.98) 2  9470 .9 * 10 6 mm 4
3
Capacity based on allowable concrete stress

14.4 * 9470.9 * 106
M cap  * 10  6  568.30 kN  m
239.98
Capacity based on allowable steel stress

165.6 * 9470.9
M cap   296.02 kN  m  568.30
8 * (902.25  239.98)
 M cap  296.02 kN  m
ANALYSIS
1 1  5 1  4 
RA   (5w) 3    (3w) * 3   1.1104w
8 3  4 4  5 
wx 2
w( x)  for 0  x  5
25
1 wx 2
point of zero shear, 1.1104w  x *
3 25
x  4.3670 m
3 3
M pos  RA x  * 1.1104w * 4.3670  3.6368w
4 4
 3.6368w  296.02 kN  m
296.02
w  81.395 kN / m
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) 3.6368 Working Stress Design ( WSD )
QUIZ 3: IRREGULAR SECTION (WSD)
1. Determine the maximum load, w, that the simple beam can carry based on the section shown.
Use f’c = 26 MPa and Grade 60 bars

n
a



5
A
s
S
4 0
u

* 7 0
m

e
2
4 .7
8
0
*
0
2
c
4
*
6

*
70
2


4
7 0
(3 6



m
8 .3


1,3 2 3,0 0 0  1 4,9 8
b 1 40
A  W
  7
2 2
B  t f (b  bW )  n
2 b  b
C  t f * W

2
c  23 6 .53 m m
1 3
I  (b  bW )t f
12
1
I  ( 4 0 0) (7 0) 3
12
I  45 7 1. 51 x1 06
Ba se d o n c o nc r
f c  0 .45 ( 2 6)  1
11 .7 * 4 57
M C AP 
2 3 6
x
Based on  A sin   w sin
w( x ) steel
 165.6
fs MPa L
165.6 * 4571.51 L / 2 322.26
M CAP   kN  m
(530 L/ 2 236.53) * 8 x  wL  x  wL wL
 M CAP  226
A 0
.13 kN  mV   w sin dx  
L  
  cos 
L  0


(0  1) 

x
V ( x )  wL cos
L
L/2
 wL2 Stress
Reinforced Concrete Design (MRCD – 1L)/ 2 V ( x )dx  wL L / 2 cos x dxWorking 
xDesign ( wL
2
WSD )
–09:00  0
POS   2  sin    (1  0)
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00   L Lecture Notes
2
L 0
wL2 226.13 *  2
M POS  2 w  45.547 kN / m
 72
2. Using f’c = 22 MPa and Grade 40 bars, determine the safe w that the beam can carry.
200
n   9 .0 7 s ay 9
4 .7 22
Fo r
nAS 
p os itive
9 * 4 *
 m o me n t,
( 2 0) 2
 11310
s in g ly
m m2

4
nA 11310
  
n  S
  0 . 0 3 8 73 3
bd 400 * 73 0
k   n  ( n) 2
 2 n  0. 2 4 2 2 8
c  kd  0 . 2 4 22 8 * 730  1 7 6. 8 6 m m
3
bc 400 * (1 7 6. 8 6
I   nAS (d  c) 2

3 3
Based on concrete, fc  0.45 * 22  9.9 MPa

9.9 * 4198.1
M CAP   234.99 kN - m
176.86
Based on steel, fs  138 MPa

138 * 4198.1
M CAP   116 .37 kN - m  234.99
(730  176.86) * 9
 M CAP  116 .37 kN - m
F o
nA
B
S
r
2n



400
2
( 2n
1
nega
)
t
A'
*

4
1)

i
*
ve
200
A' S
 4
( 2
(
C  ( 2n  1) A ' S
c  276.46 mm
I  ( 2n  1) A' S 
I  21363 276 .
Bas ed on conc r
9.9 * 12
M CAP 
276 .4
Bas ed on st eel,
138
M CAP 
(730 
Bas ed on com p
1 38
M CAP 
( 276 .46
 M CA P  428.0
ANALYSIS
From Steel Handbook
wa 2
MA  2
(6 L2  8aL  3a 2 )
12 L
wa 3
MB  (4 L  3a)
12 L2
0.75
DFBA  8  0.37864 DFBC  0.62136
0.75  1
8 6 .5
FEM' s
w(7) 2  1  w(7)
3
M BA  (6(8)  8(7)(8)  3(7) )   
2 2
 4(8)  3(7)
12(8) 2  2  12(8)
2
M BA  7.7520w
w(5) 3
M BC   4(6.5)  3(5)  2.7120w
12(6.5) 2
FINAL MOMENTS
MA  0
M B  7.752(0.62136)  3.3777(0.37864)  6.0957w
0.62136
M C  2.712  (3.3777  7.752)  1.3530w
2
max . M neg  6.0957w  428.04
w  70.220 kN/m
SPAN AB
3 .5 6.0957w
VAB  (7 w)   2.3005w
8 8
x  2.3005  1  3.3005 m
1
M pos  2.3005(1)  (2.3005) 2  4.9467w
2
SPAN BC
5 (6.0957  1.353) w
VBC  (5w)   3.8066w
6 .5 6 .5
x  3.8066 m
1
M pos  (3.8066) 2  6.0957  1.1494w  4.9467 w
Reinforced2 Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Monday
max . M5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00
pos  4.9467 w  4.9467 w  116 .37
Lecture Notes
w  23.525 kN/m  70.22
 Safe w  23.525 kN/m

2 WSD

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Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes

f’c - 28 day strength

Ec = 4700 f ' c (MPa) = 4.7 f 'c (GPa)

NORMAL WEIGHT OF CONCRETE

“pure” concrete, w = 145 pcf = 22.81 ~ 22.8 kN/m3

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Yield stress Es = 200000 MPa

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

From the figure:

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) d  

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Strain concrete = strain steel As Es

•point of zero shear

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – Singly

E s 200000 MPa 200

5. Based on concrete allowable stress

Given: f’c,fy,M Note: (f’c) fcallow

Over-reinforced (brittle) = Concrete will fail first

Brittle vs. Ductile: Brittle design should be avoided by the designer

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beams

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Given: b, d, d’, As, A’s, f’c, fy, fcallow, fsallow

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Example Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 )

. Find: Req’d no. of top (20 mm Ø)

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

t f (b  bw )(c  t f / 2)  bw c(c / 2)  nAs ( d  c )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Case 1 or Case 2? assume c = tf

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

QUIZ 2: WORKING STRESS DESIGN (WSD)

Design for Positive Moment, Bottom Bars

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Capacity based on allowable concrete stress

Capacity based on allowable steel stress

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Working Stress Design ( WSD )

Based on concrete, fc  0.45 * 22  9.9 MPa

Based on steel, fs  138 MPa

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