1

Commas (Eight Basic Uses)

To better understand the use of the comma, begin by learning the following eight basic
uses:

1. USE A COMMA TO SEPARATE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES.

Rule: Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, yet, so, or nor, for) when it joins
two complete ideas (independent clauses).

1. He walked down the street, and then he turned the corner.

2. You can go shopping with me, or you can go to a movie alone.

2. USE A COMMA AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE OR PHRASE.

Rule: Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase. A comma tells readers that the
introductory clause or phrase has come to a close and that the main part of the sentence is about
to begin.

1. When Evan was ready to iron, his cat tripped on the cord.
2. Near a small stream at the bottom of the canyon, park rangers discovered a gold mine.

3. USE A COMMA BETWEEN ALL ITEMS IN A SERIES.

Rule: Use a comma to separate each item in a series; a series is a group of three or more items
having the same function and form in a sentence.

1. We bought apples, peaches, and bananas today. (series of words)

2. Mary promised that she would be a good girl, that she would not bite her brother, and that she
would not climb onto the television. (series of clauses)
3. The instructor looked through his briefcase, through his desk, and around the office for the lost
grade book. (series of phrases)

4. USE COMMAS TO SET OFF NONRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES.

Rule: Use commas to enclose clauses not essential to the meaning of a sentence. These
nonessential clauses are called nonrestrictive. Clauses which are essential are called restrictive.
Both restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses may begin with a relative pronoun (such as who, whom,
whose, that, which). A relative pronoun refers to the noun or pronoun that precedes it.

1. Steven Strom, whose show you like, will host a party next week. (nonrestrictive)
2. John, who spent the last three days fishing, is back on the job again. (nonrestrictive)
3. The gentleman who is standing by the fireplace is a well-known composer. (restrictive)

5. USE A COMMA TO SET OFF APPOSITIVES.

Rule: An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames a nearby noun. Appositives offer
nonessential information. Nonrestrictive appositives are set off with commas; restrictive
appositives are not.
 2
1. Alexander Pope, the Restoration poet, is famous for his monologues. (appositive)
2. The poet Pope is famous for his monologues. (no appositive)
3. The New York Jets, the underdogs, surprised everyone by winning the Super Bowl.
(appositive)

6. USE A COMMA TO INDICATE DIRECT ADDRESS.

Rule: When a speaker in a sentence names the person to whom he is speaking, this addressing
of his audience is called direct address. Direct address is indicated by the use of a comma or
commas, depending upon its placement within the sentence.

1. I think, John, you’re wrong.

2. John, I think you’re wrong.
3. I think you’re wrong, John.

7. USE COMMAS TO SET OFF DIRECT QUOTATIONS.

Rule: A dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. If the speaker (not the listener) in
the conversation is identified, his name, (or the noun or pronoun used to refer to the speaker), and
the verb that refers to his speaking are enclosed within commas.

1. Mary said, “I dislike concerts because the music is too loud.”

2. “I dislike concerts because the music is too loud,” she said.
3. “I dislike concerts,” proclaimed Mary, “because the music is too loud.”

8. USE COMMAS WITH DATES, ADDRESSES, TITLES, AND NUMBERS.

Rules for dates: In dates, the year is set off from the rest of the sentence with a pair of commas.
Ex: On December 12, 1890, orders were sent out for the arrest of Sitting Bull.

Rules for addresses: The elements of an address or place name are separated by commas. A zip
code, however, is not preceded by a comma.
Ex: John Lennon was born in Liverpool, England, in 1940.
Ex: Please send the letter to Greg Carvin at 708 Spring Street, Washington, IL 61571.

Rules for titles: If a title follows a name, separate the title from the rest of the sentence with a pair
of commas.
Ex: Sandra Belinsky, MD, has been appointed to the board.

Rules for numbers: In numbers more than four digits long, use commas to separate the numbers
into groups of three, starting from the right. In numbers four digits long, a comma is optional.
Ex: 3,500 [or 3500]
Ex: 100,000
Ex: 6,000,000
 3

Exercise: Place commas where they belong in the following sentences.

1. Are you attending my graduation or are you visiting your aunt in Chicago?

2. Marty ate four pancakes two bacon strips and a bowl of grits.

3. The movie although Susan enjoyed it immensely left her in tears.

4. Simon Blake a well-known lawyer may run for governor.

5. If you ever need a ride Judy just let me know.

6. “I’ll eat the eggs” said Jane “if you’ll eat the bacon.”

7. The winner of the contest will receive $1000000.

8. Although the sky was cloudy no rain was in the forecast.

 4

Homework

Edit the following paragraph, adding and deleting commas as needed. Refer to the eight
comma rules you have learned and be sure you know why you are adding or deleting a
comma.

With her mortarboard firmly on her head Tammy, took her place in the graduation

procession which was held on May 12 2009. She told her mother Louisa that she wanted

to be the first in the family to get a college degree which would also help her get a good

job. In her mind either you could get a degree after high school or you could get a degree

later but eventually everyone in the United States would need a college degree. When the

chance came for her to go to college, and pay for most of it herself she decided it was a

chance she could not afford to pass up. Each course she took in her ambitious

undergraduate curriculum was another triumph for her. Another 15 weeks of reading

staying up late at night writing studying and sitting at uncomfortable desks never scared

Tammy. As she marched off the stage Tammy clutched the diploma in one hand, and

hurled her mortarboard into the crowd with the other. She yelled “Yes! I made it!” When

she got through the crowd and reached her family she screamed “Mom I did it!”
 Let’s
Put an end to
sentences!
Language Arts
 What is an end mark?
•An end mark is also known as
punctuation, and comes at the end
of a sentence. It lets you know
when to stop.
•What are the different kinds of
end marks?
 The period comes at the end
of statements and commands.
It is raining today.
Do not interrupt me.
A question mark means
something is being asked.
Are you going to lunch?
An exclamation mark shows
excitement or feeling.
That is a huge dog!
The period is used for more
than just an end mark.
It is used in abbreviations:
1290 College Rd .
. .
J K Rollings
Ms. White
Dr. Watson
 Where are we going

exclamation question period

mark mark
 Correct

Where are we going ?

This sentence is a question, so

it gets a question mark.
 The phone is ringing

exclamation question period

mark mark
 Correct

The phone is ringing .

This sentence is a statement, so
it gets a period.
That car is going to crash

exclamation question period

mark mark
 Correct

That car is going to crash !

This sentence shows excitement,

so it gets an exclamation mark.
 That tree is going to
fall on the house

exclamation question period

mark mark
 Correct
That tree is going to fall
on the house !

This sentence is a exclamation, so

it gets an exclamation mark.
 Put those papers away

exclamation question period

mark mark
 Correct

Put those papers away.

This sentence is a command,
so it gets a period.
Remember,

An end mark comes at the END

of a sentence, and lets you know
when to

There are a few more

members of the
punctuation family… Click here to meet them.
The colon is made with two
periods.
It is used for time. :
11 35 pm

It comes before a list.

I will need the following items from
:
the store bananas, grapes,
watermelon, and lemons.
 The comma
,
The comma is used to separate a list.

•My favorite animals are giraffes,

dogs, cats, and birds.

It is also used between the date and

the year.
•It was December 24, 2001.
 Punctuation Rap
Punctuation rap is a game we play.
It’s fun to do, and we can learn that way. The dash-the dash-he’s here, then he’s gone.
If you need to make a pause, then you bring him along.
Take the period, the period; he’s not hard to understand.
You’ll find him at the end of a sentence or command. Quotation marks are nosey. They have no reservations
He marks abbreviations, shortens words that are long. About hanging around in any conversation,
Don’t forget the period, he’s small but strong. You must put quotes around a thing that is said,
And also a poem or a story you’ve read.
Question mark, question mark, what did you say?
He follows a question, that’s the only way. The colon likes to show a list that will come,
His brother, the “semi” will not be outdone.
Wow! Awesome! Rad! Hurray! The semicolon joins two sentences with no, and
The exclamation point is next; he’s got something to say. If you have too many commas, he can take a stand.
He follows something loud, he’s excited to play.
Don’t use him too much, he won’t be special that way.

The comma is next, he is used a lot

He can separate a list of some groceries you bought
You’ll find him in the middle of the year and the date,
Between two adjectives, or a city and state.

You can join two sentences with a “but” or an “and”

Just remember the comma, he will give you a hand.
There is one more place that our comma has been,
He comes after a clause that tells you when.
 Mission Accomplished!!
We ended those pesky sentences.

You did great, earthlings!!

Crazy Commas
• Commas have several uses in English and
many rules. Hopefully this presentation will
help familiarize you with some of the common
uses of commas.
• There are than 20 rules for commas but I tried
to simplify things for you.
 Let’s start by looking at some of
the common errors that we make
with commas.
 Comma Splices
• A comma splice is an error caused by joining two strong clauses with only
a comma instead of separating the clauses with a conjunction, a
semicolon, or a period. A run-on sentence, which is incorrect, is created
by joining two strong clauses without any punctuation.
• Incorrect:
Time flies when we are having fun, we are always having fun. (Comma
splice)
Time flies when we are having fun we are always having fun. (Run-on
sentence)
• Correct:
Time flies when we are having fun; we are always having fun.
OR
Time flies when we are having fun, and we are always having fun. (Comma
is optional because both strong clauses are short.)
OR
Time flies when we are having fun. We are always having fun.
 Both run-on sentences and comma
splices are confusing to readers. It’s
important that you know how to use a
comma.

• Let’s start looking at the proper way

to use commas.
 1. The Joining Comma:
Between Two Independent Clauses
• Use a comma between two independent
clauses that are joined by a coordinating
conjunction such as and, but, or, nor, for, yet,
so.

• EX. I wanted to knock on the glass to attract

attention, but I couldn’t move.
 2. To Separate Adjectives
• Use commas to separate coordinating adjectives that
equally modify the same noun. Note: do not use a
comma between the last adjective and the noun.

• EX. John’s eyes met the hard, bright lights hanging

directly above him.
• NOTE: Add a comma if you can add the word “AND”
between the adjectives. (EX: We stayed at an
expensive summer resort. You would not say expensive
and summer resort, so don’t’ add a comma.)
 3. The Parenthetical Comma:
To Separate Parenthetical Elements,
Explanatory Words, or Set off Appositives
•
(AKA: stuff you don’t need!)
Use commas to parenthetical elements within a sentence.
• EX. Allison stepped into class, late as usual, and sat down.

• Use commas to enclose an explanatory word or phrase.

• EX. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and
their jokes were quiet.

• Appositives: A specific kind of explanatory word or phrase called an

appositive identifies or renames a preceding noun or pronoun. An
appositive has information that could be taken OUT and the sentence
would still make sense. An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that
renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or
long combination of words.
• EX. Benson, our spunky and enthusiastic Yorkshire terrier, joined our family
on my sister’s birthday.
 4. To Set off Nouns of Address
• Use a comma to set off a noun of address
(person being spoken to).
• EX. Barry, how long does your paper have to
be?
 5. Between Items in a Series
• Use commas to separate individual words,
phrases, or clauses in a series (a series
contains at least three items).

• EX. I’d never eaten meat, vegetables, and a

salad all in the same meal.
• EX. I took her for walks, read her stories, and
make up games for her to play.
 6. After an Introductory Phrase or
Clause
• Use a comma after an introductory phrase.
• EX. Determined to finish the sweater by Thanksgiving, my
grandmother knits night and day.
• NOTE: You may omit the comma if the introductory phrase is short.
• EX. Before breakfast my grandmother knits.

• Use a comma after an introductory adverb clause.

• EX. After the practice was over, Tina walked home.
• NOTE: A comma is used if an adverb clause follows the main clause
and begins with although, even though, while, or another
conjunction expressing contrast.
• EX. Tina walked home, even though it was raining very hard.
 7. To Set Off Dates or Items in
Addresses
• Use commas to set off items in a date.
• EX. He began working out on December 1, 1999,
but quit by May 1, 2000.

• Use commas to set off items in an address.

• EX. Mail the box to Friends of Wildlife, Box
402, Spokane, Washington 20077.
• NOTE: No comma is place between the state
and zip code.
 8. To Set Off Dialogue
• Use commas to set off the speaker’s exact
words from the rest of the sentence.
• EX. “It’s like we have our own government,”
adds Tanya, a 17-year-old-squatter.
 9. The Interjecting Comma:
To Set Off Interjections or
Interruptions
• Use commas to separate an interjection or weak exclamation from
the rest of the sentence.
• EX. Hey, how am I supposed to know when the test is over?
• EX. Okay, now what do I do?

• Use commas to set off a word, phrase, or a clause that interrupts

the movement of a sentence. You can identify this type of phrase
because: 1. They can often be deleted without changing the
meaning of a sentence. 2. They may be placed nearly anywhere in
the sentence without changing its meaning.
• EX. For me, well, it’s just a good think that tomorrow’s Saturday.
• EX. As a general rule, the safest way to cross the street is after
looking both ways.
 10. In Numbers
• Use commas to separate numerals in large
numbers in order to distinguish the hundreds,
thousands, millions, and so forth.
• EX. 1,101 25,000 7,345,030
 I realize that we just reviewed A
LOT of rules for commas.
• Don’t stress. This is complicated.
• Before you add a comma in your next
sentence, think about why you need to add it.
(For example, can you think about why I
needed a comma in this sentence or in the last
one?)
• Try to avoid using commas instead of periods
or semi-colons.
Any questions?
 Standar d Punctuation

Do I need a
comma?
Or do I need a
semicolon?
 This presentation
covers standard
punctuation: end
marks, commas,
semicolons, and
apostrophes.
Punctuation items on an
objective test might look
like these . . .
 Sample Item 1

As we got out of the car

car we
we could
could smell
smell the
the
A
delicious chicken
chickenand
andrice
ricethat
thatGrandma
Grandma was
was
B C
cooking for dinner.

A. car, we Do you need a

B. chicken, and comma after car,
chicken, or rice?
C. rice, that
D. No change is necessary.
 Sample Item 1

As we got out of the car

car we
car, we
wecould
could
couldsmell
smell
smellthe
the
the
A
delicious chicken
chickenand
andrice
ricethat
thatGrandma
Grandma was
was
B C
cooking for dinner.

A. car, we
car, we Exactly!
Do you needYou
a
B. chicken, and comma
need after car
to connect the,
chicken rice?
, orclause.
introductory
C. rice, that
D. No change is necessary.
 Sample Item 2

A. Since Grandma wasnt looking, Julie filled the

dogs bowls with leftovers from the meal.
B. Since Grandma wasn’t looking, Julie filled the
dogs’ bowls with leftover’s from the meal.
C. Since Grandma wasn’t looking, Julie filled the
dogs’ bowls with leftovers from the meal.

An item might have 3 or 4

versions of a sentence, and you
will have to choose the letter where
all punctuation is correct.
 Sample Item 2

A. Since Grandma wasnt looking, Julie filled the

dogs bowls with leftovers from the meal.
B. Since Grandma wasn’t looking, Julie filled the
dogs’ bowls with leftover’s from the meal.
C. Since
Since Grandma
Grandmawasn’t
wasn’tlooking,
looking,Julie
Julie
filled
filled
the
dogs’
the dogs’
bowls
bowls
with leftovers
with leftovers
from the
from
meal.
the meal.

Notice that the

apostrophes
are all correct
in version C.
 End Marks
• Use the period [ . ] to end statements.
Jasmine ate a chocolate-broccoli muffin.
• Use the question mark [ ? ] when asking a
question.
Did Jasmine eat a chocolate-broccoli muffin?
• Use — not overuse — the exclamation
mark [ ! ] to signify excitement or
emphasis.
Oh, no! Jasmine ate a chocolate-broccoli muffin!
 Do I have
broccoli stuck in
my teeth? I
have an
appointment at
the dentist’s!
O n e excl a m at i o n m a r k p e r
e s s a y i s a g o o d ave r a g e .

But I really love! I

mean love! the
exclamation
mark! ! ! I want to
use it all the time! ! !
It’s me! ! !
O n e excl a m at i o n m a r k p e r
e s s a y i s a g o o d ave r a g e .

X
But I really love! I
mean love! the
exclamation
mark! ! ! I want to
use it all the time! ! !
It’s me! ! !
 Commas, Par t 1
• Use commas to connect introductory,
interrupting, and some concluding
material.
• Interrupting material will include a comma
before and a comma after.
Withoutwill
Jasmine a ,doubt,
without
pass a doubt,
theJasmine
comma will ,pass
test without
pass the
the
a doubt
comma .
test.

You should know

commas as well
as I do!
 Commas, Par t 2
• Use a comma with a coordinating
conjunction to connect two sentences.
• Coordinating conjunctions = and, but, for,
or, nor, yet, and so.
Jasmine will pass the comma test, but Slacker
test. Slacker Sam
will not.
Sam will not.

You have to
study if you want
to do well!
 Commas, Par t 3
• Use and alone to connect two items.
• Use commas and an and to connect
three or more items.
Jasmine will buy a bag of potato chips,
chips a
and
hotdog, and a soda
a hotdog.

Hard work
deserves a
reward!
 Semicolon
• Use the semicolon [ ; ] to connect two main
clauses.
• Do not use the semicolon to introduce a list.
The comma with a transition like such as or
including, or the colon [ : ] does that job.
Jasmine prefers
worries classes
about her
that
grade
requirestatistics;
in statistics.
her to write:
math isisHumanities,
Math to
Intro nother
not herbest
bestAbnormal
subject. Psychology, and
subject.
US Government.

But I excel at
punctuation!
 Apostrophe
• Use the apostrophe [ ’ ] with an s to show
possession: Jasmine’s pen, the cat’s eyes,
the professors’ frowns
• Or use the apostrophe to indicate the
letters/spaces removed in a contraction:
she’ d, can’ t, should’ ve
We can’t cheatfrom
cant cheat fromJasmines
Jasmine’spunctuation
punctuationquiz
quiz because
because shesshe’s absent
absent today!today!

Ha! Dentist
appointment!
 Quick Test, Par t 1

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the option that corrects an error in the
underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose
“No change is necessary.”

Show me
what you
know.
 Item 1

Although Raymond
Although Raymondwill
willeat
eata agrasshopper,
grasshopper, he he
A B
refuses all green vegetables;
vegetables;such
vegetables such
suchas
as
aspeas,
peas,
peas,
C
spinach, and even cucumbers.

A. Although, Raymond
B. grasshopper he
C. vegetables, such
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 1

Although Raymond
Although Raymondwill
willeat
eata agrasshopper,
grasshopper,he he
A B
refuses all green vegetables;
vegetables;such
vegetables, suchasaspeas,
peas,
C
spinach, and even cucumbers.

A. Although, Raymond
B. grasshopper he
C. vegetables, such
vegetables, such
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 2

Before his calculus exam

exam Scott
Scottrubbed
rubbedhishislucky
lucky
A B
rabbit’s foot
foot and
andfound
foundhis
hisfavorite
favoritepencil.
pencil.
C

A. exam, Scott
B. rubbed, his
C. foot, and
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 2

Before his calculus exam

exam Scott
exam, Scott
Scottrubbed
rubbed
rubbedhis
his
his
lucky
lucky
lucky
A B
rabbit’s foot
foot and
andfound
foundhis
hisfavorite
favoritepencil.
pencil.
C

A. exam, Scott
exam, Scott
B. rubbed, his
C. foot, and
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 3

Francine has five chair’s

chair’sbut
butsix
sixguests
guestscoming
coming
A BB
for Thanksgiving dinner; she hopes that old Uncle

Ross remembers
remembersto
tobring
bringan
anextra.
extra.
C

A. chairs
B. guest’s
C. remember’s
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 3

Francine has five chair’s

chair’sbut
chairs butsix
sixguests
guestscoming
guests coming
coming
A BB
for Thanksgiving dinner; she hopes that old Uncle

Ross remembers
remembersto
tobring
bringan
anextra.
extra.
C

A. chairs
chairs
B. guest’s
C. remember’s
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 4
Roseanne washed the piles of dirty dishes;
dishes;while
dishes, while
A
Maria vacuumed the filthy rug; they tried
tried to
to
B
complete a month’s
month’sworth
worthofofhousekeeping
housekeepingininaa
C
single hour.

A. dishes while
B. tried, to
C. months
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 4
Roseanne washed the piles of dirty dishes;
dishes;while
dishes while
while
A
Maria vacuumed the filthy rug; they tried
tried to
to
B
complete a month’s
month’sworth
worthofofhousekeeping
housekeepingininaa
C
single hour.

A. disheswhile
dishes while
B. tried, to
C. months
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 5

Audrey can’t
can’t leave
leave work
work early,
early, and
and Peggy
Peggy wont
wont
A B
help with the cupcakes, so I guess I’ll’ll have
have to
to do
do
C
all the baking myself.

A. cant
B. won’t
C. Ill
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 5

Audrey can’t
can’t leave
leave work
work early,
early, and
and Peggy
Peggy wont
won’t
wont
A B
help with the cupcakes, so I guess I’ll’ll have
have to
to do
do
C
all the baking myself.

A. cant
B. won’t
won’t
C. Ill
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 6
During our picnic,
picnic,we
wewere
weretormented
tormentedbyby
A
insects: ants
insects: antsswarming
swarminginto
intothe
thepotato
potato
B
salad, bees
salad, beesbuzzing
buzzingby
byour
ourears,
ears,and
andaakatydid
katydid
C
jumping into Henry’s open mouth.

A. picnic we
B. insects; ants
C. salad bees
D. No change is necessary.
 Item 6
During our picnic,
picnic,we
wewere
weretormented
tormentedbyby
A
insects: ants
insects: antsswarming
swarminginto
intothe
thepotato
potato
B
salad, bees
salad, beesbuzzing
buzzingby
byour
ourears,
ears,and
andaakatydid
katydid
C
jumping into Henry’s open mouth.

A. picnic we
B. insects; ants
C. salad bees
D. No change
changeisisnecessary.
necessary.
 Quick Test, Par t 2

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the sentence that is correctly punctuated.

Try a
different
type of
item.
 Item 7

A. Roger spent three hours writing Christinas

paper.
B. Roger spent three hour’s writing Christina’s
paper.
C. Roger spent three hours writing Christina’s
paper.
 Item 7

A. Roger spent three hours writing Christinas

paper.
B. Roger spent three hour’s writing Christina’s
paper.
C. Roger
Roger spent
spentthree
threehours
hourswriting
writing
Christina’s
Christina’s
paper.
paper.
 Item 8

A. When the crickets and the frogs sing Luis

cannot get a good nights sleep.
B. When the crickets and the frogs sing, Luis
cannot get a good night’s sleep.
C. When the cricket’s and the frog’s sing, Luis
cannot get a good nights sleep.
 Item 8

A. When the crickets and the frogs sing Luis

cannot get a good nights sleep.
B. When the
the crickets
cricketsand
andthe
the
frogs
frogs
sing,
sing,
Luis
Luis
cannot get
cannot getaagood
goodnight’s
night’s
sleep.
sleep.
C. When the cricket’s and the frog’s sing, Luis
cannot get a good nights sleep.
 Item 9

A. Before you start painting the walls, you’ll need

a drop cloth and a ladder.
B. Before you start painting the walls you’ll
need a drop cloth, and a ladder.
C. Before you start painting the walls, youll need
a drop cloth, and a ladder.
 Item 9

A. Before
Before you
youstart
startpainting
paintingthethe
walls,
walls,
you’ll
you’ll
need
a dropacloth
need dropand
cloth
a ladder.
and a ladder.
B. Before you start painting the walls you’ll
need a drop cloth, and a ladder.
C. Before you start painting the walls, youll need
a drop cloth, and a ladder.
 Item 10

A. Darlene laughed at Jebs haircut; it looked,

as if goat’s had grazed on his head.
B. Darlene laughed at Jeb’s haircut; it looked
as if goats had grazed on his head.
C. Darlene laughed at Jeb’s haircut, it looked
as if goats had grazed on his’s head.
 Item 10

A. Darlene laughed at Jebs haircut; it looked,

as if goat’s had grazed on his head.
B. Darlene
Darlene laughed
laughedatatJeb’s
Jeb’shaircut;
haircut;it looked
it looked
as ifif goats
goatshad
hadgrazed
grazedononhis
his
head.
head.
C. Darlene laughed at Jeb’s haircut, it looked
as if goats had grazed on his’s head.
 Grammar Bytes!
provides additional
handouts and exercises on
commas and
apostrophes.
chomp!
Go to
chompchomp.com
chomp! !
The End.