Agricultural Training Institute –

Cordillera Administrative Region

WELCOME
BEEKEEPING COURSE WITH
EXTENSION SUPPORT FOR AEWs
Beekeeping Research & Service Center
April 16-20, 2018

ESP: Saint Louis University-Extension Institute for Small-

Scale Industries Foundation, Inc.
 Private Extension Service Provider
of ATI-CAR
Enterprise Development Training

Saint Louis University-Extension Institute for

Small-Scale Industries Foundation, Inc.
Improving Beekeeping Technology Adoption
through “After Training Support” .
 Topic Outline
1. Brief Beekeeping History
2. Species of Bees in the Philippines
3. Why Raise Bees?
4. Role of bees in agriculture
 BEEKEEPING
..is the art and science of managing
honeybee colonies to attain desired
objectives:
1. honey,
2. pollen,
3. royal jelly,
4. beeswax,
5. bee venom,
6. propolis and even queen bees.
 Kingdom Animalia,
Food Chain Consumers

Phylum Arthropoda,
exoskeleton, segmented, jointed
appendages

Class Insecta

Order Hymenoptera,
membranous wings, 2 sets, hooked

Family Apidae, Bees

(20,000), Wasps, Ants

Genus Apis, Honeybees, (7)

Species Mellifera
1. BRIEF HISTORY
 Bees & Honey in The Bible
• In Exodus, Canaan is referred to as “The land of milk
and honey.”

• King Solomon: "My son eat thou honey, because it is

good, and the honeycomb which is sweet to thy
taste".

• Samson : “..and he turned aside to see the carcass of

the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and
honey in the carcass of the lion.”
3,000-year-old Israeli apiary site
Found (2005-2007)

Best evidence yet that region really was

the ‘land of milk and honey’

Amihai Mazar / Hebrew U. of Jerusalem via AP

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/36043/title/Honey_of_a_discovery
 Greeks
• 384 BC, Aristotle
was first to note that
honeybee's don't
visit flowers of
different kinds on
one flight, but
remain constant to
one species.

“FLORAL FIDELITY”
 Egypt, 1450 BC

“Honey processing story”

 Spain,
6000BC
Mesolithic rock painting
showing honey collection
from a wild nest
Valencia, Spain

http://www.mdbee.com/articles/cavepainting.html
In nature………

• Honeycombs about
1 and 3/8 inches apart.

• Honey comb is about one inch wide, so

a 3/8 inch passageway between the
combs is provided.
 3/8 inch-bee
Eureka! 1851 space

Origin of the
Movable Frame
Hive (most
important
invention) in
commercial
beekeeping
industry.

Rev. Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth

Langstroth Hive
(1810 – 1895)

“Father of American (modern) Beekeeping”

Andover, MA 1836 - 1847

 Brother Adam 1898 - 1996
Buckfast Bee

Karl Kehrle
 Scientific Beekeeping
• Tracheal mite outbreak
throughout Europe 1904
• German monk
• Artificial insemination
• Breeds for good colonies,
high production, and
disease resistance
• Chemicals for pest control
beginning in 1940s
• Honey contamination
http://perso.fundp.ac.be/~jvandyck/homage/artcl/EO99princBAen.html
1913-Apis mellifera Introduced
in the Philippines
 Barely over 6000 colonies of A. mellifera hives spread
nationwide
 Total honey production of 110.653 metric tons only account
for 36.66% of total local demand (BEENET Philippines,
2004).
 Most of what remains that which constitutes local demand
are sourced out from imports.
 APICULTURE

“Apis”-Latin for Bee

Culture - care and
management of
such insect.
SPECIES OF HONEYBEES THAT
THRIVE IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Apis Cerana indica

or the Indian bee
found practically throughout
the Philippines and
commonly called “alig or
laywan”
constructs multiple combs in
sheltered places like hollows of
tree trunks or rocks
 1. Apis cerana indica

Photo: Pili, Camarines Sur

Photo: G. Gonzales, Cavite 2017

Kibungan, Benguet
2009
(by Manuel Narjes)
 SPECIES OF HONEYBEES THAT
THRIVE WELL IN THE PHILIPPINES

Apis dorsata dorsata

“pukyutan or Uyukan”
• single comb honey bee
• suspended from rocks and
branches of tall trees
• reaching lengths of even
more than six feet
Found in Palawan
• good honey producer
 SPECIES OF HONEYBEES THAT
THRIVE WELL IN THE PHILIPPINES
2. Apis dorsata

http://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/giant-honey-bees/#ad-image-0
Apis dorsata breviligula
(New Swarm)

The City Environment

and Parks Management
Office requested
assistance for the
removal of “Pukyutan”
(giant killer bee) that
made a temporary nest
in one of Burnham
park’s street lights. The
bee colony was later
released in the wild.
 SPECIES OF HONEYBEES THAT THRIVE
WELL IN THE PHILIPPINES

Honey • Apis andreniformis Only found in

Pawalan
known as the “Dwarf
honeybee”
Builds single comb-
size of the hand palm
and collects sticky
propolis, suspended
from branches, trees
and bushes
Brood
Nest

Quee
n cell
Photo courtesy of SLU
EISSIF (Palawan 2014)
 Apis
mellifera
(Intro: 1913)
 SPECIES OF HONEYBEES THAT
THRIVE WELL IN THE PHILIPPINES
Apis Mellifera
• European honeybee or
Western Honeybee
• Best producer of most bee
products
• Thrives well in most countries
• Best suited for commercial
propagation because it Apis-bee; melli-honey; fera-collect
maintains a prolific
In 1913 a German named C.H. Schulz
queen
introduced Apis mellifera Ligustica in the
Philippines.
 1. The Average honey bee will
produce 1/12 of a teaspoon of
honey in its lifetime.
2. To make one pound of honey
it would take 556 workers and
2 million flowers.
3. 50-100 flowers are pollinated
during one collection trip.

4. About one ounce of honey is all it takes to give

the honey bee enough energy to fly around the
world (farthest flight from hive is six miles).
 Did you know?

•Honey never spoils (18% MC and below)

•Honey has been used throughout the ages to
treat digestive disorders and for dressing
wounds
TRIGONA BIROI FRIESE
 Trigona (Pili, Camarines Sur)
Horizontal brood
CocoHive
structure
 Who Cannot Keep Bees?
• People Allergic to bee sting.

Lancets w/ barbs
 What is Allergy?
Hypersensitivity to certain substances
(allergens/antigens) that originates outside
the human body where in most people there
is no immune response

Immune response: activation of the defence

system to neutralise the (harmful) products
Local Reaction (Non Allergic Person)
 Systemic Reaction
Swelling far from stung
area (Allergic Person)

Keep Anti-Histamine
Tablets w/in reach
 Bee Allergy might come…..
• Bee Venom allergy
• Honey Allergy
• Propolis Allergy
• Pollen Allergy
 3. Why Raise Honeybees?

1. Philippines import honey (Livelihood)

2. Favorable environment (Biodiversity)
3. Promotes sustainable livelihood
(Pollination)
4. Employment
 LIVELIHOOD
• HONEY
• POLLEN
• PROPOLIS
• BEE VENOM
• BEESWAX
• ROYAL JELLY
 The unfermented,
sweet substance
produced by honey
bees from the
nectar of blossoms
or from secretions
of or on living parts
of plants, which the
collect, transform
and combine with
specific substances,
and store in honey
What is Honey? combs.”
Honey Field Test
 A B
B C
a) Pure honey pours and settles without readily dissolving. b) and c)
honey mixed homogeneously with equal amounts of a 70% sugar
syrup (sucrose) does not pour as straight and creates turbulence and
turbidity almost instantly, but particularly after pouring a greater
quantity or slightly disturbing the water. The honey syrup settles
irregularly at the bottom. d) 70% sugar syrup (sucrose) only; turbidity
is even stronger and no distinct settlement at the bottom occurs.
D
Updates of the Beekeeping Industry
by Dr. Jaime Dangle, Director-NARTDI
BAPI Conference , Feb 2014, Pugo, La Union
 Industry Situation
Philippines Vietnam (2010)
Apis mellifera 103.4 mt 45,000 mt
(production)
Arrival 1913 1960
No. of Colonies 5, 369 1 million
Honey export 5.241 mt 20,000 mt
Honey import 441.256 mt
Colonies per beekeeper 12-13 200-300

No. of beekeepers 434 4,000

Age 40 above
Years of experience 10 and above
Relevance to Agriculture Argued to be free Estimated 10 times the
(Pollination) from feral value earned from honey
colonies products (Full government
support)
Bee with Pollen
 PROPOLIS
Raw
propolis

Propolis is a resinous mixture that honey bees collect from

tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. It is used as a
sealant for unwanted open spaces in the hive. Propolis is used
for small gaps (approximately 6 millimeters (0.2 in) or less)
 Bee Venom

Apr. 4, 2006: A Chinese man receives treatment

with bee venom for rhinitis, an inflammation of
the nasal membranes, at a clinic in the Duqu
Town of Xi'an, West China's Shaanxi province.
The doctor at the clinic also uses bee venom to
treat diseases such as rheumatism and arthritis.

http://www.foxnews.com/photoessay/0,4644,6907,00.html#8_0
 BEESWAX

Zachary Huang, Dept. Entomology, Michigan State University

 Honeycomb’s hexagonal wax cells make the
most efficient use of space and materials.

It takes 30,000 bees in1 day to make 1 pound of beeswax.

Burning beeswax candles produces negative ions which
naturally cleanse the air.
 Training
&
Employment
Six months Hands-on Beekeeping Program
 7%

Female

Six
months
training
 The Learning Laboratory

BRSC APIARIES
 THEORY
&

PRACTICE
*
 Beekeeping Experience Ability to communicate in English
Philippines
Canada 3
Qatar 2
29 Beekeepers Employed
Australia 4
Overseas 2015
New Zealand 20
 California
California, USA USA
3 New BRSC graduates joined the team

Page 64
ATI-CAR Charlie Sagudan,
TS III, TCS I Myrna Sta. Maria

21 ATI graduates New

Zealand Page 65
The Beekeeping company with
most Filipino beekeepers in
2014
Page 67
Selection and Hiring at BRSCPage 68
 Bennie Hombrebueno
drowned on January 2, 2017

Proprietors Denis and Meryl

Watson gave their full support to
the family
Mr. Randy Cadaweng, former vegetable porter at La Trinidad Trading Post,
has just brought his family to NZ when the truck he was driving rammed into
another vehicle.

Page 70
 Passed the Bee disease recognition &
Competency Test

Jason Biray, former

BRSC Technician
J. J. Pucate,
Mt. Province
Page 72
 Kiwi Bee Medical
“Comvita" New Zealand
2 Beekeepers hired in 2016

Page 73
 South Island, NZ

Noel Masillem,
Mankayan

Hadji Patang,
Sablan
 Mathew Bana-e,
NELSON

Dexter Wasawas,
Everything NZ Ltd, North
Canterbury

Page 75
 J. Pania, C. Pastrana, C.
Elga, Manitoba

Denver Tade,
Itogon, Benguet
 Pagadian City

Beehives dug out of

the thick snow

Marikina

N. Vizcaya
Tublay, Benguet
Page 78
Arvin Santiago,
Nueva Ecija
Page 80
 Apiary on top
of the high rise
building

Ericson Abellera,
Rosarion, La Union

P5000/Kg Honey & Crop

Desert Apiary
Pollination
 John Casey, NSW
meets beekeepers
in Manila

1. W. Tinoyan, Tublay
2. Joseph Lucando, Baguio
3. Roberto Galang Jr., Itogon
 John Casey, NSW
meets beekeepers
in Manila

1. W. Tinoyan, Tublay
2. Joseph Lucando, Baguio Kevin Mercado,
3. Roberto Galang Jr., Itogon Pangasinan
John Casey (Snowy
Wayne Ashfield
Mountain Honey)

Page 85
B. Penchon, K. Carlos & T. Alconcel

International English Language

Testing System (Grade:5)
Passers Page 86
International English Language
Testing System (Grade:5)
4. BEES’ ROLE
IN
AGRICULTURE
 Worldwide Economic Value of
Pollination Services
• As provided by insect pollinators, bees
mainly, was €153 billion in 2005 for the main
crops that feed the world.
• This figure amounted to 9.5% of the total
value of the world agricultural food
production.

By Avignon/Halle(Saale)INRA and CNRS

French scientists and a UFZ German scientist
 The study also determined
that pollinator disappearance
would translate into a
consumer surplus loss
estimated between €190 to
€310 billion.

The results of this study are

published in the journal
"ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS".
 THE FOOD CONNECTION

• Honeybees pollinate 1/3 of the food we eat.

• Of the world’s 115 most important food crops,
87 require pollination to produce fruits, nuts
and seeds. They account for a third of the $3
trillion worth of agricultural produce sold
each year.
• These crops provide 35% of the calories we
consume yearly and most of the vitamins,
minerals and antioxidants.
https://membracid.wordpress.com/2013/06/19/will-we-have-fruit-in-a-future-without-
bees/
 The average yield reductions of some
important Philippine crops compared to other
Asean countries in 2010 – 2013
Mangos: 50% or more Coffee: 60% or more reduction
reduction
Coconuts: 50% or more Cotton: 30% reduction
reduction
A study of the Philippine bee pollinators strongly indicates a poor
pollination environment for many crops compared to other Asean
countries and the widespread lack of awareness of ‘pollination’ and
the role of bees in the environment and agriculture, even amongst
many farmers.

beephilippines.info/pollination-in-the-philippines/
 Prospects for other agricultural
crops
When describing ‘The Value of Bees for Crop
Pollination’, the Food and Agriculture
Organisation state: The great value of bees as
pollinators has been known for many years,
but unfortunately, this knowledge is not
widely appreciated and understood.
 In addition the following is stated…
Insect pollination and pollinator protection are not
included in most of the training books
for agronomists, extension officers and farmers.
Many farmers all over the world do not recognize
the need for bee pollination and consequently
many bees are killed by careless use of pesticides.
Even many beekeepers and honey hunters do not
know about pollination and cannot inform the
farmers about the need for protection of bees.
Incomplete pollination

 Not enough bee visits

 Not enough pollen
delivered to fertilize many
of the seeds.
The flesh did not
develop in the area of
unfertilized seeds, leading
to deformities.
 Tough Knotty Cucumbers
• Not enough bees, cucumbers may be partly
pollinated. This results in slow growing and
badly shaped cukes.
• Areas where the seeds did not receive a grain
of pollen, will not grow, leading to the poor
fruit.
 Many Bee Visits
To the Female Flowers...
…Gives Best Results
• A Perfect
Melon, Perfectly
Pollinated.....

• The Seeds Tell the

Story,
• And So Does the
Taste!
Strawberries, Fragaria x annanasa Duch., after
open insect-pollination (left), passive self-
pollination (middle) and passive self-
pollination and wind-pollination (right).
(Photo by Kristine Krewenka, Agroecology,
Göttingen, Germany.)

OIP PSP PSP & WP

 98% mean yield increase
(BRD & ER 2012-2017)

12.3 Increase in fruit set

(American Journal of Botany
90(1): 153–157. 2003)
 Do You Prefer.....
Well Pollinated Apples
• Or Starchy, Small,
Poorly-Pollinated
Apples?

Each seed that does not get

pollinated limits the
development of the apple in size,
shape and sugar content.
 Apple Pollination
Cooke (1745) stated that the "farina" (pollen)
of one apple tree influenced the fruit of
another.

Pollen influences the offspring that develops

from the seed.
In 1983, the Chinese government introduced Jinhuali Pears (higher
price). However, Jinhuali presented a special problem because these
trees flowered at a different time than the province’s other varieties
of pear trees. Ans: Preserve pollen & resort to manual pollination.
 Health Benefits
• HONEY
• POLLEN
• PROPOLIS
• BEE VENOM
• BEESWAX
• ROYAL JELLY
 Tips for Beginners
• Master the fundamentals of beekeeping
• Recognize others’ experience
• Establish your Apiary
• 1st Season is a learning period
• Upgrade your skills
• Join Beekeeping Associations
“In beekeeping all begins with God and ends
with God”

Jesus said, ‘apart from me you can do nothing’

http://newint.org/features/2009/09/01/facts-about-bees/#sthash.ibw8JKiJ.dpuf