19-1774; Rev 0; 7/00

KIT
ATION
EVALU LE
AVA ILAB
High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
General Description Features

MAX889
The MAX889 inverting charge pump delivers a regulated ♦ 200mA Output Current
negative output voltage at loads of up to 200mA. The
device operates with inputs from 2.7V to 5.5V to produce ♦ Up to 2MHz Switching Frequency
an adjustable, regulated output from -2.5V to -VIN. ♦ Small Capacitors (1µF)
The MAX889 is available with an operating frequency of ♦ +2.7V to +5.5V Input Voltage Range
2MHz (T version), 1MHz (S version), or 0.5MHz (R ver-
sion). The higher switching frequency devices allow the ♦ Adjustable Regulated Negative Output
use of smaller capacitors for space-limited applica- (-2.5V to -VIN)
tions. The lower frequency devices have lower quies-
♦ 0.1µA Logic-Controlled Shutdown
cent current.
The MAX889 also features a 0.1µA logic-controlled ♦ Low 0.05Ω Output Resistance (in regulation)
shutdown mode and is available in an 8-pin SO pack- ♦ Soft-Start and Foldback Current Limited
age. An evaluation kit, MAX889SEVKIT, is available.
♦ Short-Circuit and Thermal Shutdown Protected
♦ 8-Pin SO Package

________________________Applications Ordering Information

TFT Panels TEMP. PIN- SWITCHING
Hard Disk Drives PART RANGE PACKAGE FREQUENCY
Camcorders MAX889TESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO 2MHz
Digital Cameras MAX889SESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO 1MHz
MAX889RESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO 0.5MHz
Measurement Instruments
Battery-Powered Applications

Typical Operating Circuit Pin Configuration

INPUT +2.7V TO +5.5V
TOP VIEW

ON IN
SHDN FB REGULATED IN 1 8 AGND
OFF
NEGATIVE
OUTPUT CAP+ 2 7 FB
CAP+ MAX889 (UP TO -1 × VIN, MAX889
UP TO 200mA) GND 3 6 SHDN
OUT
CAP- CAP- 4 5 OUT
AGND GND
SO

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 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX889

IN to GND .................................................................-0.3V to +6V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)

FB, SHDN, CAP+ to GND ............................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) 8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)...............471mW
AGND to GND .......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V Operating Temperature Range...........................-40°C to +85°C
OUT to GND .............................................................-6V to +0.3V Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
CAP- to GND ............................................(VOUT - 0.3V) to +0.3V Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Continuous Output Current ...............................................250mA Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300°C
Output Short-Circuit Duration ........................................Indefinite

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = V SHDN = +5V, capacitors from Table 1, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Supply Voltage Range VIN RLOAD = 100Ω 2.7 5.5 V
Output Voltage Range VOUT R LOAD = 100Ω -2.5 -VIN V
IOUT(MAX)1 VIN = 5V, VOUT = -3.3V 200
Maximum Output Current mA
IOUT(MAX)2 VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = -2.5V 145
MAX889R 6 12
Quiescent Supply
IQ(FREE-RUN) No load, VFB = VIN MAX889S 12 24 mA
Current (Free-Run Mode)
MAX889T 24 48
MAX889R 3.3 7
Quiescent Supply No load, VOUT regulated to
IQ(REGULATED) MAX889S 5.5 12 mA
Current (Regulated Mode) -3.3V
MAX889T 11 22
Shutdown Supply Current I SHDN V SHDN = 0 0.1 50 µA
Open-Loop Output
RO VFB = VIN 2.0 4.5 Ω
Resistance (Free-Run Mode)
Output Resistance RO(REG1) VOUT regulated to -3.3V 0.05 Ω
SHDN, FB Input Bias Current ±1 µA
FB Input Offset Voltage ILOAD = 0 ±3 ±35 mV
Load Regulation IOUT = 0 to 200mA 10 mV
IN Undervoltage Lockout
VIN rising (30mV hysteresis) 2.3 2.6 V
Threshold
SHDN Logic High VIH 0.7 x VIN
VIN = +2.7V to +5.5V V
SHDN Logic Low VIL 0.3 x VIN
MAX889R 0.375 0.5 0.62
Switching Frequency fOSC MAX889S 0.75 1 1.25 MHz
MAX889T 1.5 2 2.5
Junction temperature rising
Thermal Shutdown Threshold 160 °C
(15°C hysteresis)

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAX889
(VIN = V SHDN = +5V, capacitors from Table 1, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS

Supply Voltage Range VIN RLOAD = 100Ω 2.7 5.5 V
Output Voltage Range VOUT R LOAD = 100Ω -2.5 -VIN V
IOUT(MAX)1 VIN = 5V, VOUT = -3.3V 200
Maximum Output Current mA
IOUT(MAX)2 VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = -2.5V 145
MAX889R 12
Quiescent Supply
IQ(FREE-RUN) No load, VFB = VIN MAX889S 24 mA
Current (Free-Run Mode)
MAX889T 48
MAX889R 7
Quiescent Supply No load, VOUT regulated to
IQ(REGULATED) MAX889S 12 mA
Current (Regulated Mode) -3.3V
MAX889T 22
Shutdown Supply Current I SHDN V SHDN = 0 50 µA
Open-Loop Output
RO VFB = VIN 4.5 Ω
Resistance (Free-Run Mode)
SHDN FB Input Bias Current ±1 µA
FB Input Offset Voltage ILOAD = 0 ±35 mV
IN Undervoltage Lockout
VIN rising (30mV hysteresis) 2.3 2.6 V
Threshold
SHDN Logic High VIH 0.7 x V IN
VIN = +2.7V to +5.5V V
SHDN Logic Low VIL 0.3 x VIN
MAX889R 0.375 0.62
Switching Frequency fOSC MAX889S 0.75 1.25 MHz
MAX889T 1.5 2.5
Note 1: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design, not production tested.

Typical Operating Characteristics

(Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = V SHDN = +5V, capacitors from Table 1, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

MAX889R MAX889S
OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT RIPPLE OUTPUT RIPPLE
vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. COUT vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. COUT
-3.25 40 40
MAX889 toc03
MAX889 toc01

MAX889 toc02

-3.26 COUT = 4.7µF

-3.27 30 30
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV)

OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV)

MAX889T
COUT = 10µF COUT = 10µF
-3.28 MAX889S
COUT = 22µF
-3.29 20 20

-3.30 COUT = 22µF

-3.31 10 10
MAX889R COUT = 47µF
-3.32

-3.33 0 0
0 200 400 600 800 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
MAX889

Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = V SHDN = +5V, capacitors from Table 1, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX889T
OUTPUT RIPPLE EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. COUT (VIN = 5V, VOUT = -3.3V) (VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = -2.5V)
50 100 100

MAX889 toc06
MAX889 toc04

MAX889 toc05
90 90
MAX889R
40 80 MAX889R 80
OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV)

COUT = 2.2µF 70 70

EFFICENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)

30 60 60 MAX889T
50 MAX889T 50 MAX889S
20 COUT = 4.7µF 40 MAX889S 40
30 30
10 COUT = 10µF 20 20

10 10
0 0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)

FREE-RUN OUTPUT RESISTANCE FREE-RUN OUTPUT RESISTANCE QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT

vs. INPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE (REGULATED MODE)
3.00 3.0 MAX889 toc08
12
MAX889 toc07

MAX889 toc09
2.75 QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 10 MAX889T
2.5
2.50 8
ROUT (Ω)
ROUT (Ω)

2.0 MAX889S
2.25 6

2.00 4
1.5
MAX889R
1.75 2

VOUT = -2.5V
1.50 1.0 0
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

MAX889S MAX889S MAX889S

LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN
MAX889 toc11

MAX889 toc12
MAX889 toc10

A A A

B B B

C
40µs/div 40µs/div 2ms/div
20 TO 200mA LOAD STEP IOUT = 200mA IOUT = 200mA
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 4 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 4 A: VOUT, 1V/div
A: IOUT, 100mA/div A: VIN, 2V/div B: IIN, 100mA/div
B: VOUT, 20mV/div, AC-COUPLED B: VOUT, 10mV/div, AC-COUPLED C: VSHDN, 10V/div
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
Pin Description

MAX889
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1 IN Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input

2 CAP+ Positive Terminal of Flying Capacitor

3 GND Power Ground

4 CAP- Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor

5 OUT Inverting Charge-Pump Output

Shutdown Control Input. Drive SHDN low to shut down the MAX889. Connect SHDN to IN for
6 SHDN
normal operation.
Feedback Input. Connect FB to a resistor-divider from IN (or other positive reference voltage
7 FB
source) to OUT for regulated output voltages. Connect to IN for free-run mode.
8 AGND Analog Ground

Detailed Description the device switches continuously, the regulation

scheme minimizes output ripple, and the output noise
The MAX889 high-current regulated charge-pump DC-
spectrum contains well-defined frequency components.
DC inverter provides up to 200mA. It features the high-
Feedback voltage is sensed with a resistor-divider
est available output current while using small
between an externally supplied positive reference or
capacitors (Table 1). The three versions available differ
the supply voltage and the negative inverted output.
in their switching frequencies (f OSC ) — MAX889R/
The feedback loop servos FB to GND. The effective
MAX889S/MAX889T with fOSC = 500kHz/1MHz/2MHz,
output impedance in regulation is 0.05Ω. The output
respectively. Higher frequencies allow the use of small-
remains in regulation until dropout is reached. Dropout
er components (Table 1). Even smaller capacitor values
depends on the output voltage setting and load current
than those listed in Table 1 are suitable when the
(see Output Voltage vs. Load Current in Typical
devices are loaded at less than their rated output cur-
Operating Characteristics).
rent. Designed specifically for compact applications, a
complete regulating circuit requires only three small Free-Run Mode
capacitors and two resistors, Figure 1. In addition, the (Unregulated Voltage Inverter)
MAX889 includes soft-start, shutdown control, short-cir- The MAX889 may be used in an unregulated voltage
cuit, and thermal protection. inverter mode that does not require external feedback
The oscillator, control circuitry, and four power MOSFET resistors, minimizing board space. Connecting FB to IN
switches are included on-chip. The charge pump runs places the MAX889 in free-run mode. In this mode, the
continuously at the operating frequency. During one-half charge pump operates to invert directly the input sup-
of the oscillator period, switches S1 and S2 close ply voltage (VOUT = -(VIN - IOUT x RO)). Output resis-
(Figure 2), charging the transfer capacitor (CFLY) to the tance is typically 2Ω and can be approximated by the
input voltage (CAP- = GND, CAP+ = IN). During the following equation:
other half cycle, switches S3 and S4 close (Figure 3),
transferring the charge on CFLY to the output capacitor
(CAP+ = GND, CAP- = OUT). RO ≅ [1 / (fOSC x CFLY) ] + 2RSW +
4ESRCFLY + ESRCOUT
Voltage Regulation
Voltage regulation is achieved by controlling the flying-
capacitor charging rate. The MAX889 controls the The first term is the effective resistance of an ideal
charge on CFLY by modulating the gate drive to S1 switched-capacitor circuit (Figures 2 and 3), and RSW
(Figure 2) to supply the charge necessary to maintain is the sum of the charge pump’s internal switch resis-
output regulation. When the output voltage droops, tances (typically 0.8Ω at VIN = 5V). The last two terms
CFLY charges higher due to increased gate drive. Since take into consideration the equivalent series resistance

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
(ESR) of the flying and output capacitors. The typical pump switching halts. Connect SHDN to IN or drive
MAX889

output impedance is more accurately determined from high for normal operation.
the Typical Operating Characteristics.
Thermal Shutdown
Current Limit and Soft-Start The MAX889 features thermal shutdown with hysteresis
The MAX889 features a foldback current-limit/soft-start for added protection against fault conditions. When the
scheme that allows it to limit inrush currents during die temperature exceeds 160°C, the internal oscillator
startup, overload, and output short-circuit conditions. stops, suspending device operation. The MAX889
Additionally, it permits a safe, timed recovery from fault resumes operation when the die temperature falls 15°C.
conditions. This protects the MAX889 and prevents This prevents the device from rapidly oscillating around
low-current or higher output impedance input supplies the temperature trip point.
(such as alkaline cells) from being overloaded at start-
up or short-circuit conditions. Applications Information
The MAX889 features two current-limit/soft-start levels Resistor Selection
with corresponding response to rising and falling out- (Setting the Output Voltage)
put voltage thresholds of -0.6V and -1.5V. When the The accuracy of VOUT depends on the accuracy of the
falling output voltage crosses -1.5V, such as during an voltage biasing R1 in Figure 1. Use a separate refer-
overload condition, the input current is immediately lim- ence voltage if greater accuracy than provided by VIN
ited to 400mA by weakening the charge-pump switch- is desired (Figure 4). Keep the feedback node as small
es. When the falling output voltage crosses -0.6V, such as possible, with resistors mounted close to the FB pin.
as during a short-circuit condition, the MAX889 further
weakens the charge-pump switches, immediately limit-
ing input current to 200mA.
During startup or short-circuit recovery, the MAX889 S1 CAP+ S3
IN
limits input current to 200mA with charge-pump switch-
es at their weakest level. Rising output voltage crossing CFLY COUT
S2 S4
-0.6V initiates a 2ms timer, after which the MAX889 OUT
increases switch strength to the next level. The rising CAP-
output voltage crossing -1.5V initiates a 2ms timer, after
which the MAX889 provides full-strength operation. FOSC

Shutdown
When SHDN (a CMOS-compatible input) is driven low,
the MAX889 enters 0.1µA shutdown mode. Charge- Figure 2. Charging CFLY

INPUT
5.0V
CIN
R1
4.7µF
1 100k
S1 CAP+ S3
ON 6 IN 7
OFF SHDN FB IN
R1 CFLY COUT
2 66.5k S2 S4
CAP+ MAX889T
CFLY OUT
5 OUTPUT
1µF OUT CAP-
4 -3.3V
CAP- COUT
4.7µF FOSC
GND
8 3

Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit. Figure 3. Transferring Charge on CFLY to COUT

6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
Adjust the output voltage to a negative voltage from

MAX889
-2.5V to -V IN with external resistors R1 and R2 as  15.5   R1 
shown in Figures 1 and 4. FB servos to GND. Choose COUT ≥     IOUT
 fMIN   R1 + R2 
R1 to be 100kΩ or less. Calculate R2 for the desired
output voltage:
where COUT is the output capacitor value, and fMIN is the
VOUT = -VREF (R2 / R1) minimum oscillator frequency in the Electrical
R2 = R1 (VOUT / -VREF) Characteristics table.
where VREF can be either VIN or a positive reference To ensure stability for regulated output mode, suitable
source. output capacitor ESR should be determined by the follow-
ing equation:
Typically, choose a voltage-divider current of at least
30µA to minimize the effect of FB input current and
capacitance:  19.2 x 10-3   R2 
RESR ≤   1 + 
R1 ≤ VREF / 30µA  IOUT   R1 

R2 < -VOUT / 30µA
Power Dissipation
Capacitor Selection The power dissipated in the MAX889 depends on the
The appropriate capacitors used with the MAX889 input voltage, output voltage, and output current. Device
depend on the switching frequency. Table 1 provides power dissipation is accurately described by:
suggested values for CIN, CFLY, and COUT.
PDISS = IOUT (VIN - (-VOUT)) + (IQ ✕ VIN)
Surface-mount ceramic capacitors are preferred for
CIN, COUT, and CFLY due to their small size, low cost, where IQ is the device quiescent current. PDISS must be
and low ESR. To ensure proper operation over the less than the package dissipation rating (see Absolute
entire temperature range, choose ceramic capacitors Maximum Ratings). Pay particular attention to power dis-
with X7R (or equivalent) low-temperature-coefficient sipation limits when generating small negative voltages
(tempco) dielectrics. See Table 2 for a list of suggested from large positive input voltages.
capacitor suppliers.
The output capacitor stores the charge transferred from Layout Considerations
the flying capacitor and services the load between The MAX889’s high oscillator frequencies demand
oscillator cycles. A good general rule is to make the good layout techniques that ensure stability and help
output capacitance at least five-times greater than the maintain the output voltage under heavy loads. Take
flying capacitor. the following steps to ensure optimum layout:
Output voltage ripple is largely dependent on COUT. 1) Mount all components as close together as possible.
Choosing a low-ESR capacitor of sufficient value is impor- 2) Place the feedback resistors R1 and R2 close to the
tant in minimizing the peak-to-peak output voltage ripple, FB pin, and minimize the PC trace length at the FB
which is approximated by the following equation: circuit node.
3) Keep traces short to minimize parasitic inductance
IOUT
VRIPPLE = + and capacitance.
2 x fOSC COUT
4) Use a ground plane with CIN and COUT placed in a
2 x IOUT ESRCOUT star ground configuration (see the MAX889SEVKIT
layout).
where COUT is the output capacitor value, ESRCOUT is
the output capacitor’s ESR, and fOSC is the MAX889
switching frequency. Ceramic capacitors have the lowest
ESR and are recommended for COUT. Where larger
capacitance at low cost is desired, a low-ESR tantalum
capacitor may be used for COUT. See Table 2 for a list of
suggested capacitor suppliers.
To ensure stability over the entire operating temperature
range, choose a low-ESR output capacitor using the fol-
lowing equation:

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
 High-Frequency, Regulated,
200mA, Inverting Charge Pump
Table 1. Capacitor Selection Table
MAX889

CIN CIN
PART FREQUENCY CFLY COUT
REGULATED FREE-RUN
MAX889R 0.5MHz 4.7µF 22µF 22µF 4.7µF
MAX889S 1MHz 2.2µF 10µF 10µF 2.2µF
MAX889T 2MHz 1µF 4.7µF 4.7µF 1µF

Table 2. Low-ESR Capacitor Manufacturers

PRODUCTION
MANUFACTURER SERIES PHONE FAX
METHOD
AVX TPS series 803-946-0690 803-626-3123
Surface-Mount Kemet 494 series 864-963-6300 864-963-6521
Tantalum Matsuo 267 series 714-969-2491 714-960-6492
Sprague 593D, 595D series 603-224-1961 603-224-1430
Surface-Mount Polymer Sanyo POSCAP-APA 619-661-6835 619-661-1055
AVX X7R 803-946-0690 803-626-3123
Kemet X7R 864-963-6300 864-963-6521
Surface-Mount Ceramic
Matsuo X7R 714-969-2491 714-960-6492
Murata GRM X7R 814-237-1431 814-238-0490

Chip Information Package Information

TRANSISTOR COUNT: 1840

SOICN.EPS
PROCESS: BiCMOS

VREF
INPUT 5V
5.0V
CIN
R1
4.7µF
1 100k
ON 6 IN 7
OFF SHDN FB
R2
2 66.5k
CAP+ MAX889T
CFLY 5 OUTPUT
1µF OUT
4 COUT -3.3V
CAP- 4.7µF
VOUT = -VREF × R2
AGND GND R1
8 3

Figure 4. Separate VREF for Voltage Divider

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implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

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