Elements of EPI

Elements of EPI – SACCIT  Measles - sensitive
 Temperature: -15 to -25 deg. Celsius Freezer

Surveillance or researches +2 to +8 deg. Celsius Body
Assessment and Evaluation
Coverage – 1st element Vaccines Half Lives (Duration) – BM DOHT
Chain logistic management
Information, education, communication 4 hrs. – BM: BCG, Measles
Target setting – 1st element 8 hrs. – DOHT: DPT, OPV, Hepa B, Tetanus
Immunization
2. Transport
Coverage of EPI - WTF - how to carry the vaccine
- cooler, cold dogs
Wastage allowance - Black : carried by health personnel (5)
Target setting - White : carried by non-health personnel (4)
a. Eligible population – who qualifies or qualified

- Infant & school age 3. Handling – BOM DHT
- 3% - moment after you use vaccine
- 3/100 = 0.03
BCG, OPV, Measles BOM – discard with disinfectant
b. Target population – who can get vaccine (HCL 1%), alcohol, Clorox
- Pregnant women
- 3.5% DPT, Hepa, Tetanus Toxoid – discard right away, as it is
- 3.5/100 = 0.35%
Vaccines – Life attenuated
Fully Immunized Child vs Complete Immunized Child
How many days Vaccine potent from Health Center
Fully Immunized Child - infants who received one dose of  3 days or more out from unit, not potent anymore
BCG, three doses each of OPV, DPT, and Hepatitis B  Discard
vaccines, and one dose of measles vaccine before reaching  Overly exposed
one year of age.  Only vial if you have 50 % of recipient
(out of 20 = 10)
Completely Immunized Child – at birth given BCG & Hepa,
nakuha needed at that age General Principles in Vaccination
 Safe to administer all vaccines in 1 day at different
Cold Chain – makes vaccine potent, cools & procedure sites
 Measles Vaccine – should be given as soon as
Immunization - is the process whereby a person is made child is 9 months old (85% protection), 1 year older
immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the (95% protection)
administration of a vaccine.  Never restart a dose
 Moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory tract
Vaccines - stimulate the body's own immune system to infection, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, flu like
protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. symptoms are not contraindications to
vaccination
Policies of Vaccine – STH  Expected side effects: fever, catarrhal symptoms
(rashes, tenderness, pain, soreness, inflammation)
1. Storage  Catarrhal Symptoms – give antihistamine,
 DOH - 6 months Calamine Lotion or Caladryl
 Regional Health Office - 3 months  Tenderness, pain, soreness – alternated hot and
 Barangay Health Station - 1 month cold compress
 If without storage unit, consider it to give for 5 days,  Can give ahead of time Paracetamol, within 2 days
stay only for 5 days prior every 4 hours, prophylactic
 FEFO: First Expiry First Out  Baseline data of vaccine – giving 4 weeks and
 Freezer: OPV, Measles above (increase body antibody levels), less than 4
 Body: BCG, DPT, Hepa B, TT weeks (lessens antibody responses)
 TT – least sensitive together with BCG, DPT,  Do not reconstitute dried vaccines other than
Hepa B supplied diluent
 OPV – most sensitive
 Frozen Powders – with diluents, BCG (2 cc  RA 7864 – basic compulsory immunization vs Hepa
diluents), Measles (5 cc diluents) B Vaccine
 1 child 1 syringe policy
Immunization – act of being immunized, process by which
Contraindications individual immune system fortified by vaccine
 1st dose with hypersensitivity reaction, cancel 2nd
and 3rd (DPT 1 hypersensitive, cancel DPT 2 & 3) Vaccine – substance injected to human or animals, dead or
 DPT – very potent, most potent leading to weakened microorganism
hypersensitivity or can cause
 Immunocompromised – might lead to super Attenuated Vaccine – reducing virulence (severity or
infection harmfulness) of pathogen
 Do not give if with – high grade fever & seizure
Toxoid – bacterial antitoxin that has reduced toxicity but can
Legal Basis / Existing Policies: produce antibody formation
 PD 996 – old, basic compulsory immunization of Vaccine Schedule (check with EPI table)
children 8 y/o under  At Birth – BCG 1, Hepa B 1
 6 weeks – Hepa B 2, Rota 1, DPT 1, OPV 1
 RA 10152 – new, latest basic compulsory  10th week – DPT 2, OPV 2, Rota 2, HEB 2
immunization of children 8 y/o under  14th week – Hepa 3, DPT 3, OPV 3, HEB 3
 9 months – measles
 Presidential Proclamation No. 46 – re-affirming  12-15 months – MMR & Varicella
commitment of the Philippines to the child and  6-7 y/0 – BCG 2
mother immunization goal of the world health  9-45 y/o – dengvaccia
assembly
Steps in Determining Eligible Population, Annual Dose,
 Presidential Proclamation No. 4 – Ligtas Tigdas, Wastage Allowance, Complete Coverage (Target
measles elimination program declaring every Population)
September 16 to October 14 (1998) as Ligtas
Tigdas Month 1. Determine eligible population
– get total population x 0.3 and 0.35
 Presidential Proclamation No. 6 – Universal Law
on Immunization 2. Determine annual dose
– eligible population x # of doses of vaccine
 Presidential Proclamation No. 147 – declaring
April 21 & May 19 (1993) and every 3rd 3. Determine wastage allowance
Wednesday of January & February as National - annual dose x multiplier factor
Immunization Day, thereafter for 2 years
4. Determine the complete coverage
- wastage allowance divided by # of recipients
 Presidential Proclamation No. 773 – declaring
April 7 & May 15, (1996) and every 3rd 5. Determine overall total
Wednesday of April and May form 1996-2000 as -complete coverage x 1.25
“Knock Out Polio” Days
 Polio Eradication Program Activities

- Ceasefire in children
- K.O. Polio
- O Polio Philippines
- Patak Polio: home to home children < 5 y/o
 Presidential Proclamation No. 1066 – Neonatal

Tetanus Elimination Program
 Presidential Proclamation No. 1064 – Acute

Flaccid Paralysis Program (Polio)

Elements of EPI

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Elements of EPI

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Elements of EPI – SACCIT  Measles - sensitive

 Temperature: -15 to -25 deg. Celsius Freezer

a. Eligible population – who qualifies or qualified

 Polio Eradication Program Activities

 Presidential Proclamation No. 1066 – Neonatal

 Presidential Proclamation No. 1064 – Acute

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