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    Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test and Its Applications

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    Tayyaba Mahr
    The chi-square goodness of fit test is used to determine if a sample's data is consistent with a hypothesized distribution. It compares observed and expected frequencies in categorical data. In this example, the test is used to analyze the blood groups of 120 children from parents who could produce children of all four blood groups. The observed and expected frequencies are calculated for each blood group and summed. The resulting chi-square value of 4.46 is less than the critical value of 7.815 so the null hypothesis that the observed matches the expected distribution is not rejected.

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    Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test and Its Applications

    Uploaded by

    Tayyaba Mahr
    164 views3 pages
    The chi-square goodness of fit test is used to determine if a sample's data is consistent with a hypothesized distribution. It compares observed and expected frequencies in categorical data. In this example, the test is used to analyze the blood groups of 120 children from parents who could produce children of all four blood groups. The observed and expected frequencies are calculated for each blood group and summed. The resulting chi-square value of 4.46 is less than the critical value of 7.815 so the null hypothesis that the observed matches the expected distribution is not rejected.

    Original Description:

    1)Chi-square goodness of fit test 2)Chi-Square Applications

    Original Title

    Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test and Its Applications

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    The chi-square goodness of fit test is used to determine if a sample's data is consistent with a hypothesized distribution. It compares observed and expected frequencies in categorical data. In this example, the test is used to analyze the blood groups of 120 children from parents who could produce children of all four blood groups. The observed and expected frequencies are calculated for each blood group and summed. The resulting chi-square value of 4.46 is less than the critical value of 7.815 so the null hypothesis that the observed matches the expected distribution is not rejected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    164 views3 pages

    Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test and Its Applications

    Uploaded by

    Tayyaba Mahr
    The chi-square goodness of fit test is used to determine if a sample's data is consistent with a hypothesized distribution. It compares observed and expected frequencies in categorical data. In this example, the test is used to analyze the blood groups of 120 children from parents who could produce children of all four blood groups. The observed and expected frequencies are calculated for each blood group and summed. The resulting chi-square value of 4.46 is less than the critical value of 7.815 so the null hypothesis that the observed matches the expected distribution is not rejected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Tayyaba Latif

    Chi –Square goodness of fit test:


    The test is applied when you have one categorical variable from a single population. It is used to
    determine whether sample data are consistent with a hypothesized distribution.

    This test is commonly used to test association of variables in two-way tables, where the assumed
    model of independence is evaluated against the observed data. In general, the chi-square test
    statistic is of the form

    Example:

    In many families where the parents could have produced children of all four blood groups, the
    total no. of children with each blood group was

    Blood group A 26

    Blood group B 31

    Blood group AB 39

    Blood group O 24

    Total 120

    Solution:

    Hypothesis:

    H° : 0=E ∴ 0−E=0

    H1 : 0 ≠ E ∴ 0−E ≠ 0

    Level of significance:

    α = 0.05 (5%)
    χ20.05 = 7.815
    Tayyaba Latif

    Test Statistics:

    Blood Observe Expected O−E O−E


    ¿ ¿
    group d (O−E) ¿ ¿
    (E) ¿ ¿

    (O)

    A 26 30 26−30=−4 −42 =16 16


    =0.53
    30
    B 31 30 31−30=1 2
    1 =1 1
    =0.03
    30

    AB 39 30 39−30=9 92=81 81
    =2.7
    30

    O 24 30 −6 =36
    2
    36
    =1.2
    24−30=−6 30

    O−E
    ¿
    ¿
    ¿2
    ¿
    x 2=∑ ¿

    2
    x =134 /30

    x 2=4.46

    n−1=degree of freedom 4−1=3

    Decision:

    Since the calculated value of χ2 = 4.46is less than the critical value of χ 20.05 =
    7.815
    χ2 does not fall in the critical region we do not reject H 0 at 5% level of significance.

    7.815>4.46
    Tayyaba Latif

    2
    x <T tab
    Now we know that the null hypothesis H0

    Applications:

    1) The sampling method is simple random sampling


    2) The population is at least 10 times as large as the sample.
    3) The variable under study is categorical.
    4) The expected value of the number of sample observations in each level of the variable is
    at least 5.
    5) Goodness of fit of distribution.
    6) Test of independence of attributes.
    7) Test of homogeneity.
    8) Chi square test is most commonly used when data are in frequencies such as the number
    in responses in two or more categories.
    9) Chi square test is very useful in research
    10) The important applications of chi square in medical statistics are test of proportion, test of
    association and test of goodness of fit.
    11) Chi square test applied to find the significance the same type of data with two more
    advantages, to compare the values of two binomial samples even if they are small and to
    compare the frequency of two multinomial samples.
    12) Chi square test measure the probability of association between two discrete attributes.
    13) Chi square test is used to determine if actual numbers are similar to the expected numbers
    or theoretical numbers goodness of fit to a theory.

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