Cree Xlamp Cxa1512 Led: Product Description Features
Cree Xlamp Cxa1512 Led: Product Description Features
Cree Xlamp Cxa1512 Led: Product Description Features
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, Cree, Inc.
XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree, Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC. 4600 Silicon Drive
Durham, NC 27703
USA Tel: +1.919.313.53001
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Characteristics
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
2
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Operating Limits
The maximum current rating of the CXA1512 is dependent on the case temperature (Tc) when the LED has reached thermal equilibrium
under steady-state operation. The graphs shown below assume that the system design employs good thermal management (thermal
interface material and heat sink) and may vary when poor thermal management is employed. Please refer to the Mechanical Dimensions
section on pageCXA1512
21 for the-location
18 V of the Tc measurement point.
1400
1200
1000
800
If (mA)
18 V
600
400
200
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Case Temperature (°C)
CXA1512 - 36 V
700
600
500
400
If (mA)
36 V
300
200
100
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Case Temperature (°C)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
3
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, EasyWhite® Order Codes and Bins - 18 V (If = 700 mA, TJ = 85 °C)
The following table provides order codes for XLamp CXA1512 LEDs. For a complete description of the order code nomenclature, please
see the Bin and Order Code Formats section (page 21).
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
4
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, EasyWhite® Order Codes and Bins - 18 V (If = 700 mA, TJ = 85 °C) - Continued
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
5
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, EasyWhite® Order Codes and Bins - 18 V (If = 700 mA, TJ = 85 °C) - Continued
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
6
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, ANSI White Order Codes and Bins - 18 V (If = 700 mA, TJ = 85 °C)
The following table provides order codes for XLamp CXA1512 LEDs. For a complete description of the order code nomenclature, please
see the Bin and Order Code Formats section (page 21).
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
7
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, EasyWhite® Order Codes and Bins - 36 V (If = 350 mA, TJ = 85 °C)
The following table provides order codes for XLamp CXA1512 LEDs. For a complete description of the order code nomenclature, please
see the Bin and Order Code Formats section (page 21).
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
8
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, EasyWhite® Order Codes and Bins - 36 V (If = 350 mA, TJ = 85 °C) - Continued
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
9
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, EasyWhite® Order Codes and Bins - 36 V (If = 350 mA, TJ = 85 °C) - Continued
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
10
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Flux Characteristics, ANSI White Order Codes and Bins - 36 V (If = 350 mA, TJ = 85 °C)
The following table provides order codes for XLamp CXA1512 LEDs. For a complete description of the order code nomenclature, please
see the Bin and Order Code Formats section (page 21).
Notes
• Cree maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements, ±0.005 on chromaticity (CCx, CCy) measurements and a tolerance of ±2 on CRI
measurements. See the Measurements section (page 24).
• Cree XLamp CXA1512 LED order codes specify only a minimum flux bin and not a maximum. Cree may ship reels in flux bins higher than the minimum
specified by the order code without advance notice. Shipments will always adhere to the chromaticity bin restrictions specified by the order code.
* Flux values @ 25 °C are calculated and for reference only.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
11
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
The following graph is the result of a series of pulsed measurements at 700 mA for the 18-V CXA1512 LED and 350 mA for the 36-V
CXA1512 LED and TJ = 85 °C.
100%
90%
Relative Spectral Power
80%
70%
60% 5000 K, 70 CRI
50% 4000 K, 70 CRI
40% 3000 K, 80 CRI
30% 3000 K, 93 CRI
20%
10%
0%
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730 780
Wavelength (nm)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
12
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Electrical Characteristics
20.5
20.0
18 V
19.5
Voltage (V)
Tc = 25 °C
19.0
Tc = 55 °C
18.5 Tc = 85 °C
Tc = 105 °C
18.0
17.5
17.0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Current (mA)
41
40
36 V
39
Voltage (V)
Tc = 25 °C
38
Tc = 55 °C
37 Tc = 85 °C
Tc = 105 °C
36
35
34
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Current (mA)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
13
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
The relative luminous flux values provided below are the ratio of:
• Measurements of CXA1512 at steady-state operation at the given conditions, divided by
• Flux measured during binning, which is a pulsed measurement at 700 mA at TJ = 85 °C for the 18‑V CXA1512 LED.
Using the 18-V CXA1512 LED as an example, at steady-state operation of Tc = 105 °C, IF = 600 mA, the relative luminous flux ratio is 80%
in the chart below. A CXA1512 LED that measures 1200 lm during binning will deliver 960 lm (1200 * 0.8) at steady-state operation of
Tc = 105 °C, IF = 600 mA.
180%
160%
18 V
140%
Relative Luminous Flux
120%
Tc = 25 °C
100% Tc = 55 °C
80%
Tc = 85 °C
Tc = 105 °C
60%
40%
20%
0%
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Current (mA)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
14
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
The relative luminous flux values provided below are the ratio of:
• Measurements of CXA1512 at steady-state operation at the given conditions, divided by
• Flux measured during binning, which is a pulsed measurement at 350 mA at TJ = 85 °C for the 36‑V CXA1512 LED.
Using the 36-V CXA1512 LED as an example, at steady-state operation of Tc = 105 °C, IF = 300 mA, the relative luminous flux ratio is 80%
in the chart below. A CXA1512 LED that measures 1200 lm during binning will deliver 960 lm (1200 * 0.8) at steady-state operation of
Tc = 105 °C, IF = 300 mA.
180%
160%
36 V
140%
Relative Luminous Flux
120%
Tc = 25 °C
100% Tc = 55 °C
80%
Tc = 85 °C
Tc = 105 °C
60%
40%
20%
0%
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Current (mA)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
15
Far Field XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
100%
80%
Relative Luminous Intensity
60%
40%
20%
0%
-90 -70 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90
Angle (º)
XLamp CXA1512 LEDs are tested for luminous flux and placed into one of the following bins.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
16
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
XLamp CXA1512 LEDs are tested for chromaticity and placed into one of the regions defined by the following bounding coordinates.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
17
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
18
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
19
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Cree EasyWhite® Bins Plotted on the 1931 CIE Color Space (Tj = 85 °C)
0.44
ANSI C78.377 Quadrangle 2700 K
0.43 EasyWhite 4-Step 3000 K
EasyWhite 3-Step
0.42
EasyWhite 2-Step 3500 K
0.41
4000 K
0.40
4500 K
0.39
0.38 5000 K
CCy
0.37
5700 K
0.36
6500 K
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
CCx
Cree ANSI White Bins Plotted on the 1931 CIE Color Space (Tj = 85 °C)
0.41
4000 K
ANSI C78.377 Quadrangle
0.40
4500 K
0.39
5C
5B
0.38 5000 K
5D
0.37 5A
5700 K 3C
CCy
0.36 3B
6500 K 3D
0.35 2C
2B 3A
0.34 1C 2D
2A
0.33 1B
1D
0.32 1A
0.31
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
CCx
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
20
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Mechanical Dimensions
1.3
2.6
5.5
R .5
4X
15.85
±0.2
8.9
± 0.2
B
10.5
±0.2 2.6
1.3
2.6
0.55 ± 0.1 TOLERANC
DIMENSION
1.3 .X ±
.XX ±
.XXX ±
X° ±
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks ofUNLESS
Cree,OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
A DIMENSIONS ARE IN
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC. MILLIMETERS AND AFTER FINISH.
TOLERANCE UNLESS SPECIFIED:
21 .XX ±
.XXX ±
.25
.125
X° ± .5 °
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION
FOR SHEET METAL PARTS ONLY
.X ± 1.5
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Thermal Design
The CXA family of LED arrays can include over a hundred different LED die inside one package, and thus over a hundred different junction
temperatures (TJ). Cree has intentionally removed junction-temperature-based operating limits and replaced the commonplace maximum
TJ calculations with maximum ratings based on forward current (IF) and case temperature (Tc). No additional calculations are required to
ensure the CXA LED is being operated within its designed limits. Please refer to page 3 for the Operating Limit specification.
There is no need to calculate for TJ inside the package, as the thermal management design process, specifically from solder point (TSP) to
ambient (Ta), remains identical to any other LED component. For more information on thermal management of Cree XLamp LEDs, please
refer to the Thermal Management application note. For CXA soldering recommendations and more information on thermal interface
materials (TIM) and connection methods, please refer to the Cree XLamp CX Family LEDs soldering and handling document. The CX
Family LED Design Guide provides basic information on the requirements to use Cree XLamp CXA LEDs successfully in luminaire designs.
To keep the CXA1512 LED at or below the maximum rated Tc, the case to ambient temperature
thermal resistance (R_c-a) must be at or below the maximum R_c-a value shown on the following
R_j-c R_j-c
graphs, depending on the operating environment. The y‑axis in the graphs is a base 10 logarithmic
scale. Tc Tc
As the figure at right shows, the R_c-a value is the sum of the thermal resistance of the TIM (R_tim) R_tim
plus the thermal resistance of the heat sink (R_hs). R_c-a
R_hs
CXA1512 - 18 V
Ta Ta
100.00
18 V
10.00
Maximum R_c-a
Ta = 25 °C
1.00 Ta = 55 °C
Ta = 85 °C
Ta = 105 °C
0.10
0.01
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Current (mA)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
22
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
CXA1512 - 36 V
Thermal Design - Continued
100.00
36 V
10.00
Maximum R_c-a
Ta = 25 °C
1.00 Ta = 55 °C
Ta = 85 °C
Ta = 105 °C
0.10
0.01
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Current (mA)
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
23
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Notes
Measurements
The luminous flux, radiant power, chromaticity and CRI measurements in this document are binning specifications only and solely
represent product measurements as of the date of shipment. These measurements will change over time based on a number of factors
that are not within Cree’s control and are not intended or provided as operational specifications for the products. Calculated values are
provided for informational purposes only and are not intended as specifications.
Lumen Maintenance
Cree now uses standardized IES LM-80-08 and TM-21-11 methods for collecting long-term data and extrapolating LED lumen maintenance.
For information on the specific LM-80 data sets available for this LED, refer to the public LM-80 results document.
Please read the Long-Term Lumen Maintenance application note for more details on Cree’s lumen maintenance testing and forecasting.
Please read the Thermal Management application note for details on how thermal design, ambient temperature, and drive current affect
the LED junction temperature.
RoHS Compliance
The levels of RoHS restricted materials in this product are below the maximum concentration values (also referred to as the threshold
limits) permitted for such substances, or are used in an exempted application, in accordance with EU Directive 2011/65/EC (RoHS2), as
implemented January 2, 2013. RoHS Declarations for this product can be obtained from your Cree representative or from the Product
Documentation sections of www.cree.com.
REACh Compliance
REACh substances of very high concern (SVHCs) information is available for this product. Since the European Chemical Agency (ECHA)
has published notice of their intent to frequently revise the SVHC listing for the foreseeable future, please contact a Cree representative to
insure you get the most up-to-date REACh SVHC Declaration. REACh banned substance information (REACh Article 67) is also available
upon request.
Vision Advisory
WARNING: Do not look at an exposed lamp in operation. Eye injury can result. For more information about LEDs and eye safety, please
refer to the LED Eye Safety application note.
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree,
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC.
24
XLamp ® CXA1512 LED
Packaging
6
Cree CXA1512 LEDs are packaged
5
in trays of 20. Five trays are4 sealed in an anti-static bag and
3
placed inside a carton, for a total
2
of 100
NOTICE
LEDs per carton. Each carton contains 100 LEDs from the same performance bin.
ENTIAL. THIS PLOT AND THE INFORMATION
WITHIN ARE THE PROPRIETARY AND
AL INFORMATION OF CREE, INC. THIS PLOT
COPIED, REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY
Dimensions are in inches.
ED PERSON WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT
Tolerances: ±.13
x° ±1°
5 5.875
4 3 2 1
6 5 4 R .375 3 2 1
NOTICE
ENTIAL. THIS PLOT AND THE INFORMATION
WITHIN ARE THE PROPRIETARY AND
L INFORMATION OF CREE, INC. THIS PLOT
NSENT
COPIED, REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY
ED PERSON WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT
.875
5.875 5.875
R .375 R .375
5.875
.875
.875
5.875
.38 BAG
LABEL WITH CREE BIN .875
CODE, QUANTITY, LOT #
L IS LOCATED
IDE OF COVER LABEL WITH CREE BIN
CODE, QUANTITY, LOT #
6 5 4 3.X
.XX
±
±
.XXX ±
.06
.03
.010
FINAL PROTECTIVE FINISH
C 2 CXA15XX_DATASHEET_BAG2013
SCALE SHEET OF
X° ± 2 ° 0.500
DRAWN BY DATE
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
WITH CREE
6 BIN 5 4 3
DIMENSIONS ARE IN
2 1 Drive
4600 Silicon
Durham, N.C 27703
QUANTITY, LOT # MILLIMETERS & BEFORE FINISH. CHECK DATE
Phone (919) 361-4770
Copyright © 2012-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree
TOLERANCE
®
, theSPECIFIED:
UNLESS Cree logo, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks of Cree, Fax (919) 313-5303
Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC. .X ± 0.1 APPROVED DATE
25
CXA15XX_DATASHEET
.XXX ± .005
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION
X° ± 1 ° MATERIAL