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    Derivative Rules

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    luke
    The document provides rules for calculating derivatives of common functions, including: - The derivative of a constant is 0, of a linear function is the coefficient, and of a square function is 2x. - Derivative rules are given for exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and inverse trigonometric functions. - Additional rules cover multiplication by a constant, power rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, and reciprocal rule. Examples are worked through to demonstrate each rule.

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    Derivative Rules

    Uploaded by

    luke
    263 views8 pages
    The document provides rules for calculating derivatives of common functions, including: - The derivative of a constant is 0, of a linear function is the coefficient, and of a square function is 2x. - Derivative rules are given for exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and inverse trigonometric functions. - Additional rules cover multiplication by a constant, power rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, and reciprocal rule. Examples are worked through to demonstrate each rule.

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    Calculus guide

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    The document provides rules for calculating derivatives of common functions, including: - The derivative of a constant is 0, of a linear function is the coefficient, and of a square function is 2x. - Derivative rules are given for exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and inverse trigonometric functions. - Additional rules cover multiplication by a constant, power rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, and reciprocal rule. Examples are worked through to demonstrate each rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    263 views8 pages

    Derivative Rules

    Uploaded by

    luke
    The document provides rules for calculating derivatives of common functions, including: - The derivative of a constant is 0, of a linear function is the coefficient, and of a square function is 2x. - Derivative rules are given for exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and inverse trigonometric functions. - Additional rules cover multiplication by a constant, power rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, and reciprocal rule. Examples are worked through to demonstrate each rule.

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    Derivative Rules

    The Derivative tells us the slope of a function at any point.

    There are rules we can follow to find many derivatives.

    For example:

     The slope of a constant value (like 3) is always 0


     The slope of a line like 2x is 2, or 3x is 3 etc
     and so on.

    Here are useful rules to help you work out the derivatives of many functions
    (with examples below ). Note: the little mark ’ means "Derivative of".

    Common Functions Function Derivative


    Constant c 0
    Line x 1
    ax a
    Square x2 2x
    Square Root √x (½)x-½
    Exponential ex ex
    ax ln(a) ax
    Logarithms ln(x) 1/x
    loga(x) 1 / (x ln(a))
    Trigonometry (x is in radians) sin(x) cos(x)
    cos(x) −sin(x)
    tan(x) sec2(x)
    Inverse Trigonometry sin-1(x) 1/√(1−x2)
    cos-1(x) −1/√(1−x2)
    tan-1(x) 1/(1+x2)

    Rules Function Derivative


    Multiplication by constant cf cf’
    Power Rule xn nxn−1
    Sum Rule f+g f’ + g’
    Difference Rule f-g f’ − g’
    Product Rule fg f g’ + f’ g
    Quotient Rule f/g (f’ g − g’ f )/g2
    Reciprocal Rule 1/f −f’/f2

    Chain Rule
    fºg (f’ º g) × g’
    (as "Composition of Functions")
    Chain Rule (using ’ ) f(g(x)) f’(g(x))g’(x)
    Chain Rule (using ddx ) dydx = dydududx
    "The derivative of" is also written ddx
    So ddxsin(x) and sin(x)’ both mean "The derivative of sin(x)"

    Examples
    Example: what is the derivative of sin(x) ?

    From the table above it is listed as being cos(x)

    It can be written as:

    sin(x) = cos(x)

    Or:

    sin(x)’ = cos(x)

    Power Rule
    Example: What is x3 ?

    The question is asking "what is the derivative of x3 ?"

    We can use the Power Rule, where n=3:

    xn = nxn−1

    x3 = 3x3−1 = 3x2

    (In other words the derivative of x3 is 3x2)

    Example: What is (1/x) ?

    1/x is also x-1

    We can use the Power Rule, where n = −1:

    xn = nxn−1

    x−1 = −1x−1−1 = −x−2

    Multiplication by constant

    Example: What is 5x3 ?

    the derivative of cf = cf’

    the derivative of 5f = 5f’

    We know (from the Power Rule):

    x3 = 3x3−1 = 3x2

    So:

    5x3 = 5 x3 = 5 × 3x2 = 15x2


    Sum Rule

    Example: What is the derivative of x2+x3 ?

    The Sum Rule says:

    the derivative of f + g = f’ + g’

    So we can work out each derivative separately and then add them.

    Using the Power Rule:

     x2 = 2x

     x3 = 3x2

    And so:

    the derivative of x2 + x3 = 2x + 3x2

    Difference Rule

    It doesn't have to be x, we can differentiate with respect to, for example, v:

    Example: What is (v3−v4) ?

    The Difference Rule says

    the derivative of f − g = f’ − g’

    So we can work out each derivative separately and then subtract them.

    Using the Power Rule:

     v3 = 3v2

     v4 = 4v3

    And so:

    the derivative of v3 − v4 = 3v2 − 4v3


    Sum, Difference, Constant Multiplication And Power Rules

    Example: What is (5z2 + z3 − 7z4) ?

    Using the Power Rule:

     z2 = 2z

     z3 = 3z2

     z4 = 4z3

    And so:

    (5z2 + z3 − 7z4) = 5 × 2z + 3z2 − 7 × 4z3 = 10z + 3z2 − 28z3

    Product Rule

    Example: What is the derivative of cos(x)sin(x) ?

    The Product Rule says:

    the derivative of fg = f g’ + f’ g

    In our case:

     f = cos
     g = sin

    We know (from the table above):

     cos(x) = −sin(x)

     sin(x) = cos(x)

    So:
    the derivative of cos(x)sin(x) = cos(x)cos(x) − sin(x)sin(x)

    = cos2(x) − sin2(x)

    Reciprocal Rule

    Example: What is (1/x) ?

    The Reciprocal Rule says:

    the derivative of 1/f = −f’/f2

    With f(x)= x, we know that f’(x) = 1

    So:

    the derivative of 1/x = −1/x2

    Which is the same result we got above using the Power Rule.

    Chain Rule

    Example: What is ddxsin(x2) ?

    sin(x2) is made up of sin() and x2:

     f(g) = sin(g)
     g(x) = x2

    The Chain Rule says:

    the derivative of f(g(x)) = f'(g(x))g'(x)

    The individual derivatives are:

     f'(g) = cos(g)
     g'(x) = 2x
    So:

    ddxsin(x2) = cos(g(x)) (2x)

    = 2x cos(x2)

    Another way of writing the Chain Rule is: dydx = dydududx

    Let's do the previous example again using that formula:

    Example: What is ddxsin(x2) ?

    dydx = dydududx

    Have u = x2, so y = sin(u):

    ddx sin(x2) = ddusin(u)ddxx2

    Differentiate each:

    ddx sin(x2) = cos(u) (2x)

    Substitue back u = x2 and simplify:

    ddx sin(x2) = 2x cos(x2)

    Same result as before (thank goodness!)

    Another couple of examples of the Chain Rule:

    Example: What is (1/cos(x)) ?

    1/cos(x) is made up of 1/g and cos():

     f(g) = 1/g
     g(x) = cos(x)

    The Chain Rule says:

    the derivative of f(g(x)) = f’(g(x))g’(x)

    The individual derivatives are:


     f'(g) = −1/(g2)
     g'(x) = −sin(x)

    So:

    (1/cos(x))’ = −1/(g(x))2 × −sin(x)

    = sin(x)/cos2(x)

    Note: sin(x)/cos2(x) is also tan(x)/cos(x), or many other forms.

    Example: What is (5x−2)3 ?

    The Chain Rule says:

    the derivative of f(g(x)) = f’(g(x))g’(x)

    (5x-2)3 is made up of g3 and 5x-2:

     f(g) = g3
     g(x) = 5x−2

    The individual derivatives are:

     f'(g) = 3g2 (by the Power Rule)


     g'(x) = 5

    So:

    (5x−2)3 = 3g(x)2 × 5 = 15(5x−2)2

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