CHAPTER 1

The Problem

Background of the Study

Educators and parents believe parental involvement

is essential in the education of children and leads to

academic gains (Baker, 1997; Barge & Loges, 2003;

Maynard & Howley, 1997; U.S. Department of Education,

1994). However, due to differing definitions of parental

involvement, parents and teachers often harbor competing

beliefs about involvement and what involvement practices

are the most effective (Miretzky, 2004).

The idea of parent involvement is not a new

concept. For decades paradigms have shifted with regard

to involvement, and in the 21st century, active parents

are considered to be a vital component of education by

teachers and administrators alike. In the 1940s,

attempts to involve parents focused on PTA attendance,

homework monitoring, and signing homework and report

cards to acknowledge the students had shown them to

their parents. Parents were also called upon as fund

raisers for the schools, helping to supplement

government funding. In the mid to late 1960s, policy-

1
makers began to turn their attention to ways to improve

academic achievement, and parent involvement became a

topic of concern, especially among low-achieving

students. As the accountability movement of the 1980s

gained strength, parents were asked to help oversee not

only the progress of their children but of their school

as a whole (Posnick-Goodson, 2005). As schools have

pushed into the 21st century, the idea of a reciprocal

relationship between school and home has been championed

by researchers, educators, and parents alike (Knopf and

Swick, 2007).

Some researchers have studied parent involvement

and its positive effects on education for many years.

Joyce Epstein has championed the importance of parent

involvement, but she went beyond normal ideas and

discussed the premise stating involvement should go

beyond school and home, inviting a partnership between

homes, schools, and communities. With over 100

publications, many focusing on school and family

relationships, her focus has been on schools, families,

and communities partnering in reciprocal ways to raise

academic achievement and student success. Her research

findings led her to draw four conclusions about parental

2
involvement: student success should drive involvement,

involvement should be present throughout the entirety of

a child’s education, involvement is a process, not a

single event, and parent involvement is not a substitute

for quality education programs offered by schools

(Epstein, 1990).

Her model has been extended to include schools,

families, communities, and peer groups as the four major

spheres of influence on student development. Epstein

advanced the term “partnership” instead of “involvement”

to express the interests and responsibilities the two

institutions, school and family, share in the education

of children. Recognizing the school and family as

equals in the partnership, it also recognizes the

importance of shared insights and potential influence of

all family structures (Fagnano & Werber, 1994). Such

partnerships or “overlapping spheres of influence” are

described as one of the effective connections between

families and schools that help students maximize their

academic achievement, self-concept, and motivation

toward learning.

The concept of overlapping spheres of influence

extends the work of Bronfenbrenner (1979) and Leichter

3
(1974) to account for levels of interactions between and

among various members of school and family organizations

to maximize educational outcomes for children. Both

Epstein’s and Bronfenbrenner’s models asserted that

communication and shared goals between parents and

teachers lead to successful student outcomes.

Parent’s educational involvement is an important

avenue for enhancing student outcomes (Beenstock and

Gafni, 2000). Sometimes a person becomes successful

because they have parents guiding them and shaping their

values in life (Dennis, 2013).

The greatest insurance against dangerous activities

is to know what is happening in the lives of our teens.

To talk, to listen, to expect family participation to

include their friend in family events, to attend their

school presentations and functions, to enforce family

rules, and to provide opportunities for volunteer

services and creative endeavours are some ways to show

that parents are there for their children.Accordingly,

parent’s relationship with their children should nurture

a design to seek understanding in times of troubles

rather than blame and accusation (Ilium & Ilium, 1999).

4
 The online message of Huffman Middle School to

parents and guardians cited importance of parental

involvement saying, “Huffman Middle School is

implementing Parents on Patrol Program as part of our

school safety plan. We believed a parent partnering with

the school equals success for students! Parental

involvement is a vital component in maintaining a

positive school culture” ( Mcmorris, 2015).

In Israel, they conceptualized parent patrol as a

group of parents who volunteer within the community,

spending their weekends, evenings and holidays on the

streets, making sure their presence is felt at the youth

"hang out" spots. Parents undergo training which enables

them to learn about the needs of the youth and to cope

better with the youth culture; as well as to increase

and enhance their involvement in their children's lives,

and increase the sense of community among the residents.

Additionally, parents claim that patrol training

teaches them how to communicate with the teens so they

can explain the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse. The

patrols act in cooperation with law enforcement

officials within the community as well as volunteer

organizations, thus enhancing the community's crime

5
prevention, monitoring and law enforcement capabilities.

The Parent Patrols strive to reduce violence and

anti-social behaviour among the community's

youth, provide solutions for teens going through

difficult times, locate at-risk teens and refer them to

the appropriate treatment specialists. In addition the

patrols also strive to increase awareness among parents

with regard to their children's "after hour"

activities, and pool the crime prevention and law

enforcement resources in order to increase the

residents' wellbeing and sense of personal security.

Parents patrol was established to reduce dangerous

behaviour among teens and increase the sense of security

among residents. The volunteer parents patrol hang-out

spots, report dangerous or suspicious behaviour, and

attend to teens and youth in emergency situations

(National Parent Patrol Directorate, Israel Ministry of

Public Security, 2014).

Before the establishment of a National Parent

Patrol directorate in the Ministry of Public Security in

2009, there were just 40 Parent Patrols, each with its

own characteristics and aims. With the establishment of

the directorate, it was decided that the patrols should

6
focus mainly on educational, value-oriented activities

and providing support, and less on law enforcement (City

Without Violence, 2014).

Parents patrol is observed mostly in the Western

schools and community for example the Parents on Patrol

Squad (POPS) in Santa Fe I.S.D. Police Department's,

Santa Fe, New Mexico; Parents on Patrol in the City of

Bell in California; Parents Patrol at St. Thomas More

Parish School, California. The Santa Fe I.S.D. Police

Department's Parents on Patrol Squad (POPS) is a

volunteer program designed to involve parents in the

safety and security of our schools. A goal of the

program is to promote inclusion of parents as

stakeholders in their children's educational experience.

The POPS program encourages parents, grandparents, and

other relatives, to volunteer their time to assist

school district police officers by observing and

listening on their respective campus, and reporting

potential problems and safety concerns to the campus

officer. POPS volunteers essentially become the eyes and

ears of the school, reinforcing and augmenting campus

safety and security initiatives already in place. This

program can and will serve as an effective way to

7
encourage respectful behaviours among students in the

hallways, playground, and cafeterias of our schools.

Parental involvement will not only raise visibility, but

will afford program participants the opportunity to

observe first hand of what great things is going on in

the life our school community. (Santa Fe I.S.D. Police

Department, n.d )

The Bell Parents on Patrol started as an extension

of our Neighbourhood Watch Program. The program is

designed to educate interested individuals to problems

unique to their neighbourhood, the City of Bell, and to

assist in developing a community patrol group around

local schools, having a visible presence around local

schools to deter traffic violations and for the safety

of children when going to and from school. Bell Parents

on Patrol members are observers/reporters only and do

not become physically involved or place themselves in

dangerous situations .Statistically, Bell Police

Department has reported a 30% decrease since June 2010

in after school related assaults as a direct result of

the development of this program. The resulting POP

Program has made afterschool safety for children a

priority, providing a substantial community benefit to

8
all residents (League of California- POP-Parents on

Patrol, para.17, 2013).

Parent Patrol helps direct traffic and ensures

children’s safety during pickup and drop-off (St. Thomas

More Parish School, 2016).

The idea of the Parents Patrol on San Jose School

of La Trinidad Inc. was inspired by the parents of the

high school department request whose children are going

home late because of playing computer games, billiards,

and meandering to parks and other hang out spots after

dismissal.

The parents patrol started during the school year

2012-2013. The members of this program are Parents

Teachers Association (PTA), school guard and some police

officers. The main task of this program is to conduct

patrol in the area of Capitol, Backstreet, Benguet State

University compound and Amos building. According to the

parents that were interviewed, the patrol can be

extended to nearby barangays if they are sufficient to

conduct the patrol. The patrol is conducted by ten to

twelve parents including school Tanods and some police

officers during school days from six to seven in the

afternoon. Parents are mandated to patrol once in a

9
school year. Parents who failed to conduct patrol on

scheduled day will be penalized with fines of one

hundred pesos.

Furthermore, this parents patrol was named

following the idea of parents patrol of the western

countries. According to Atty. Juan “Coy” Nazarro, former

PTA president, adopting parents patrol in the school was

an to alleviate the problems encountered by parents to

their children. They framed the program modifying the

activities of parents patrol in other countries, so they

have meet up their idea and set up the final plan on how

to implement it. Hence, as parents they believed that

parents patrol will be helping teens in different ways

just like other countries that had these kind of

program. But the most important is to safeguard the

young teens from any threat and danger that brought by

different perspective of their high school journeys

(Personal Communication, March 18, 2016).

Accordingly this program has no standards or

written rules, procedures, bylaws or policies or any

undertaking. But program are inspired of it goal such as

(1) Promote intervention of parents as partner of the

school and students educational experiences. (2) To

10
improve students educational performances, keeping them

away unnecessary disturbances. (3) Keeping students safe

and be at their homes after dismissal, refraining them

from playing in the computer shops, playing billiards

and gallivanting to parks and other hang out spots.

Statement of the Problem

The major purpose of the study is to assess the

implementation of Parents Patrol program of San Jose

School of La Trinidad Incorporated.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following

questions:

1. What is the level of attainment of objectives

of the Parents Patrol program as perceived by the

respondents?

1.1. Are there differences in the perceptions

of the respondents on the level of attainment of of

the Parents Patrol program objectives?

2. What is the extent of participation of the

respondents in the implementation the parents patrol

program as perceived by them?

2.1. Are there significant differences in the

perceptions of the respondents on their extent of

11
 participation in the implementation of parents patrol

program?

Hypotheses of the Study

The following hypotheses of the study:

1. There are differences in the perceptions of the

respondents on the level of attainment of the parents

police program objectives.

2. There are significant differences in the

perceptions of the respondents on their extent of

participation in the implementation of parents patrol

program.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study is an assessment in the implementation of

Parents Patrol program at San Jose School of La Trinidad

Inc., Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet. It is delimited

in determining the perception of the respondents in the

level attainment of the objectives of Parents Patrol

program and the extent of participation of the members

in the implementation of the said program.

Importance of the Study

The study will be helpful and beneficial to the

following:

12
 San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc- High School

Department. The result will help the school to evaluate

the significance and benefits of the program as a basis

for them to implement it in the succeeding school year

or not and to address the flaws of the program

encountered in the previous implementation.

Others School Administrators. The results of the

study will provide information on the success and

importance of parents patrol program as a means to

lessen juvenile delinquency problems among the youth. It

will likewise serve as their basis for them to adopt in

their respective school.

Parents patrol members. The results of the study

will provide them feedbacks on the success of the

Parents Patrol in achieving its objectives in order to

plan actions that will help them in the improvement of

the parents patrol in doing their duties and

responsibilities.

Students of San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc..

The results of the study will be helpful to them as they

will be informed of the activities of the Parents Patrol

Program as a means of deterring future youth offender or

would be criminals in the school and the community. This

13
will also encourage and force them to go home early

after classes or dismissal from school if they have no

important matters to attend to in their academics.

Researchers. The results of the study will give

them detailed information on the significance of the

program and gain insights into the programs benefits

future consideration.

Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

O.W. Wilsons an influential leader in policing who was

former dean on the School of Criminology at the University of

California and a former police chief in Winchita, Kansa and in

Chicago, developed the concept of preventive patrol. He called

patrol as the backbone of policing, explaining that patrol is

designed to create an impression of omnipresence. Therefore,

eliminating the actual opportunity if misconduct

(Sandaran, 2013).

Police omnipresence is referred as the quality their

presence known to the point of creating the impression that

they are still around, hence preventing criminal from

committing an offence. In short, if the police are always

there or seems to be always there, criminals cannot operate.

Wilson’s theory on preventive patrol emphasized a rational

distribution of patrol according to workload formula.

Assigning patrol officers to work in the crimes, arrest and

14
class for services in designated areas an aggressive

omnipresent patrol force that could thwart criminal behaviour

and reduce the opportunity for crime ( Dempsey & Forst, 2007)

Preventive patrol utilizes marked patrol units and

uniforms officers that randomly patrol and are responsible

for services within the designated area to act as deterrent to

future criminals these patrol units generally used

automobiles, but also utilized other methods such as foot,

bicycles, horse, scooters, or even air and snowmobiles patrol

(Thomas,2010).

Parents patrol program carried the objectives such are

“maintaining the law, prevention of vandalism, preventing,

locating at-risk teens and referring them to the appropriate

authorities, creating cooperation among the residents and the

enforcements authorities; and increasing the deterring

presence of parental or other authorities in problematic

areas”(City Without Violence, 2014).

Parents patrol program in San Jose School on La Trinidad

Inc.- High School Department involves activities, which are

intended to influence perception of potential delinquents or

misbehaved students. The parents patrol program promotes the

students to become a law abiding citizens (Personal

Communication, May 2, 2016).

There are three theoretical perspectives currently exist

about schools and families as institutions and the

15
contributions they make to children’s education and

development. Each perspective underlies the practices schools

and families assume and view as successive steps in the

educational process. They have profoundly different

approaches to family and school connections and reflect the

need to bring together the roles and interactions between

families and schools.

One perspective that exists describes the relationships

between schools and families as “worlds apart” (Lightfoot,

1978). An emphasis is placed on the clear boundaries that

exist between areas such as discipline, rewards, control, and

practices. This view assumes that families and schools are

most effective when the institutions sustain “independent

goals, standards, and activities” (Epstein, 1992; Parsons,

1959). Separate spheres of influence have the intent to

communicate only when serious problems occur. The commonality

of shared goals and interests is none existent.

The second perspective emphasizes a sequence of critical

stages in which parents and teachers contribute to children’s

development. This belief is based on studies that have shown

how essential the early years of life are for future success

(Dauber & Epstein, 1993; Fagnano & Werber, 1994). Parents are

the child’s first educators, thus teaching their children life

swskills in order to prepare them for the educational process.

16
Educators assume the responsibility for teaching the school’s

curriculum.

The third perspective, based on shared responsibilities,

emphasizes the coordination and cooperation of schools and

families and encourages communication and collaboration

between the two institutions (Epstein, 1986). This

perspective assumes that schools and families can, by design,

overlap their goals, resources, and practices. Instead of

separate or sequential contexts, this model is based on the

perspective of Epstein’s overlapping spheres of influence.

The overlapping spheres of influence model extends the work of

Bronfenbrenner (1979) and Leichter (1974) to account for

levels of interactions between and among various members of

school and family organizations to influence student learning.

It is assumed that families and schools share common goals for

their children, goals that are achieved most effectively when

families and schools work together.

Nevertheless, the most critical element of the model of

overlapping spheres is the central role of the child in school

and family partnerships. Children’s learning, development,

and success are the major reasons for school and family

partnerships (Epstein & Connors, 1992). Teachers who focus on

teaching the whole child and parents who become partners in

their child’s education reflect a combination of labor that

pushes the spheres of influence together, thus increasing

17
interactions between members of the school and family. This

creates what Epstein (1986) referred to as “school-like

families and family-like schools” (p. 280).

On the one hand, Sutherland theory of Differential

Association gives priority to the power of social

influences and learning experiences and can be expressed

in terms of a series of propositions, which is condensed

as follows: 1) Criminal behavior is learned in

interaction with other persons in a process of

communication. 2) That learning takes place primarily in

intimate personal groups and includes not only the

techniques of committing crime but the motives,

rationalizations, and attitudes which accompany crime.

Sutherland puts it: "In an area where the delinquency

rate is high, a boy who is sociable, gregarious, active,

and athletic is very likely to come in contact with

other boys in the neighborhood, learn delinquent

behavior from them, and become a gangster." (Payton,

1986).

Prevention of crime is the soundest of all

criminological theories. It is much easier to patch a

crack in the dike than it is to repair the wall after it

has broken (Payton,1986).

18
 However, the success of the Parents Patrol depends

on several factors that need to be evaluated. Hence,

with the aforementioned theoretical and conceptual basis

of the study, the study looked into the level of

attainment of the objectives of the Parents Patrol and

level of participation of the PTA members toward the

program as perceived by the PTA members and Barangay

Tanod and Police officer in order to evaluate the

implementation of the Parents Patrol in San Jose School

of La Trinidad (independent variables).

Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study. The

assessment in the implementation of the Parents Patrol

program is dependent on the level attainment of

objectives and the extent of participation of the

members in the implementation of the program. The

perceptions of the respondents are moderated by the

group of PTA members, barangay tanods and police

officers.

19
 Independent Dependent
Variable Variable

1. Level of
attainment of Implementation of
the objectives the Parents
of the Parents Patrol Program of
Patrol Program San Jose School
of La Trinidad
2. Extent of Inc. – High
participation School Department
of the
respondents in
the
implementation
of Parents’
Patrol Program

Moderator Variable

-PTA members
-Barangay Tanods and Police
officers

ssssss

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

20
 Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined according to their

use in the study.

Attainment. It refers to the accomplishment of the

objectives of the parents patrol program in its

implementation.

Book of Violation. It is a book where all the

violations of the students are listed.

La Trinidad. It is the first class municipality in

the province of Benguet. It is the capital municipality

of Benguet and is famously known as the “Strawberry

fields of the Philippines”. The municipality is located

3 kilometre north of Baguio City and is 256 kilometre

North of Manila. It is bounded in the north by the

municipality of Tublay, on the South by Baguio, and on

the west by Sablan and Tuba. It is a total land area of

about 8273.80 hectares, representing 3.16 percent of the

provincial land area. The terrain is generally

mountainous with springs, rivers and creeks. Its floor

elevation is at 1300 meters above sea level (Pinas,

2006).

21
 Parents patrol. It refers to a group of parents who

volunteer within the community to check on the student’s

activity after school hours.

Parents Teachers Association (PTA). It is an

organization of parents and teachers within the academic

institution usually the primary and secondary level of

the Philippine educational system.

Participation. It refers to the involvement of the

parents patrol members to the activities for the

implementation of the program.

Pledge to Amend and Change (PTAC). It is a type of

form filled out by a student of San Jose School of La

Trinidad Inc. , who violated a rule within the

jurisdiction of the school suggesting himself/herself to

what he/she could do as his/her reparation or atonement

signed by the students and the perfect of discipline. It

is usually a form of promissory saying that he/she

(violating students) will not do violating again.

Ronda. Another term pertaining to patrol.

22
 CHAPTER 2

Design and Methodology

This chapter presents the research design,

population and locale of the study, data gathering

tools, data gathering procedures and treatment of data

gathered.

Research Design

The study utilized the survey method to determine

the implementation of Parents Ronda in San Jose School

of La Trinidad Inc.- High School Department, Poblacion,

La Trinidad.

The study considered the survey design since the

study determined the perceptions of the respondents

regarding the level of attainment of the objectives of

the Parents Patrol and level of participation of the

members of Parents Patrol.

Population and Locale of the Study

The study was conducted in San Jose School of La

Trinidad, which are composed of parents and faculty

members, police officers of Police Precinct 2 and the

Tanods of Barangay Poblacion. The respondents were

members of the Parents Patrol program which are composed

23
Table 1. Population of the study
________________________________________________________
Group Number of Respondent Percentage
________________________________________________________
PTA members 132 79.09
Barangay Tanod 37 20.91
and Police Officers

Total 169 100

________________________________________________________

of parents, teachers, barangay tanods and police

officers. They were randomly selected by the researchers

on the basis of their population.

The researchers used random sampling through

convenience method in determining the population of the

study. According to the Business Dictionary (n.d),

convenience sampling method is a statistical method of

drawing representative data by selecting units because

of their availability or easy to access.

The numbers of respondents were classified into two

groups which are the PTA members, Barangay Tanods and

Police Officers. The PTA members were reduced to 132

from a total population of 1260 respondents while the

Tanods and Police officers had a total of 37

respondents. Table 1 shows the population of study.

24
 Data Gathering Tools

The questionnaire- checklist was used as the main

instrument to gather data for the study and was

supplemented by informal interviews.

Part 1 of the questionnaire focused on the

information needed from the respondents;

Part 2 focused on the level of level of attainment

of the objectives of the parents patrol and level of

effectiveness of its objectives.

Part 3 focused on the level of participation of the

parents patrol in the implementation of the Parents

Patrol in San Jose School- High School Department.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers personally sought the permission of

the principal of San Jose School of La Trinidad and the

Barangay Chief Tanod for the administration of the

questionnaires to the respondents. Upon approval, the

questionnaires were personally delivered and retrieved

to the respondents who are members of the Parents Patrol

program.

25
 Treatment of Data

The four-point Likert Scale was used to determine

the level of attainment of the objectives of the Parents

Patrol and extent of participation of the respondents in

the implementation of the Parents Patrol program in San

Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.

Data gathered from the respondents were tabulated,

categorized, interpreted and analysed.

In evaluating the level of attainment the

objectives of the Parents Patrol program in San Jose

School- High School Department of La Trinidad, Benguet,

the following scales were used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Rating Limits Equivalent
4 3.25-4.00 Very Highly Attained VHA

3 2.50-3.24 Highly Attained HA

2 1.75-2.49 Moderately MA
Attained
1 1.00-1.74 Slightly Attained SA

To determine the extent of participation of the

parents patrol members in the implementation of the

Parents Patrol in San Jose School- High School

26
Department of La Trinidad, Benguet, and the following

scale were used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Rating Limits Equivalent
4 3.25-4.00 Very Highly VHP
Participated
3 2.50-3.24 Highly HP
Participated
2 1.75-2.49 Moderately MP
Participated
1 1.00-1.74 Slightly SP
Participated

Reliability coefficient of each area in the

questionnaire was obtained using the Cronbach’s alpha

Formula using the Stata Microsoft.

Cronbach’s alpha is superior to Kuder and

Richardson Formula 20 since it can be used with

continuous and non-dichotomous data. In particular, it

can be used for testing with partial credit and for

questionnaires using a Likert scale (Real

Statistics,n.d.)

The following table presents the Chronbach’s Alpha

computation of the level of attainment and level of

participation.

To answer the specific problems in the study, the

Weighted mean was used, with the formula (Downie and

27
Heath, 1983):

wm = __∑fx _

∑w

Where:

∑wm = weighted mean

fx = total number of indicators multiplied to the

numerical value

∑w = population of respondents

t-test was used in determining the difference of

the perception of the two groups using the formula of

Downie and Heath (1983):

x1 –x2
t=
(n−1)σ12+(n−1)σ22 1 1
√[ ][ + ]
(n1 +n2 )− 2 n1 n2

Where:

x1 = mean of group 1

x2 = mean of group 2

σ12 =standard deviation for group 1

σ12 =standard deviation for group 2

n1 =number of cases in group 1

n2 =number of cases in group 2

28
 CHAPTER 3

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of

Data
This chapter presents the interpretations of the

findings on the following: level of attainment of the

objectives of the Parents Patrol program, extent of

participation of the respondents in the implementation

of the Parent Patrol program of San Jose School of La

Trinidad Inc.,-High School Department.

Level of Attainment of the Objectives of Parents

Patrol of San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.
High School Department, Benguet.

Table 2 presents that the perceptions of the

respondents on the level of attainment of the objectives

of the Parents Patrol of San Jose School of La Trinidad.

As shown in the table the objectives of the program is

“Highly Attained” with an average mean of 2.88. This

implies that the objectives of the program bears a

positive result and satisfaction to the respondents,

thus they professed that the objectives are highly

attained, nevertheless, they still need to reconsider

how they should improve the program in order to have

full attainment of the objectives, stated by one of the

respondents.

29
Table 2. Level of attainment of the objectives of
Parents Patrol program of San Jose School of La Trinidad
Inc.,- High School Department.
Descriptive Rank
Indicators W.M Indicators

1. Promote intervention of 2.8 Highly 3

parents as partner of the Attained
school and students
educational experiences.
2. Improve student’s 2.84 Highly 2
educational performances, Attained
keeping them from
unnecessary disturbances.
3. Keeping student safe 3.19 Highly 1
and be at their home after Attained
dismissal, refraining them
from going computer shops,
billiard halls and
gallivanting to parks and
other hangout spots.
4. Enhancing student 2.73 Highly 4
outcomes and eliminate Attained
dropouts and students
involvement to vices.

Average 2.88 Highly

Attained

Likewise, the result of the study is supported by

the data (see appendix D) presented by Mrs. Margie

Lopez, former PTA secretary revealing a decrease of

violations committed by the high school students when

they started the implementation of the program. As

disclosed in the data, there was a decrease of students

playing computer games in computer shops from a

30
percentage of 39.40 in SY 2012-2013 to 15.12% in the SY

2013-2014, then a dramatic decrease of 6.06% in the SY

2014-2015 that remains constant in the following school

year.

While along meandering students, there was a

decrease from the 39.48% in the SY 2012-2013 to 18.43%

in the SY 2013-2014 that remains constant in the in the

SY 2014-2015 and additional 2.63 % decrease in the SY

2015-2016.

Generally, with the implementation of Parents

Patrol program, it indicates that there was a total

decrease of 21.22% of students playing computer games at

computer shops for the last three years while a decrease

of 21.06% meandering students was noted for the last

three years.

The result of this study corroborates the study

conducted by Bell Police Department in California (2013)

showing in their report a decrease of 30% in after

school related assaults since June, 2010 as a direct

result of the development of this program. The

implementation of Parents on Patrol Program has made

afterschool safe for children which are its priority

aside from providing a substantial community benefit to

31
all residents (League of California- POP-Parents on

Patrol, para.17, 2013).

Specifically, the objective that obtained the

highest rank with a mean of 3.19 is “Keeping student

safe and be at their home after dismissal, refraining

them from going to computer shops, billiard halls and

gallivanting to parks and other hangout spots”. The

result indicates that this objective is highly attained

as professed by the respondents. It implies that the

implementation of the program had kept the students away

from vices like addiction to computer games, billiard

and meandering at parks.

As stated by one respondent interviewed, the

objective was highly attained because of constant

patrolling of parents, barangay tanods and police

officers in places where most students loiter, thus

resulting to a decrease of students playing computer

games, billiards and meandering students.

The result likewise revealed that the program has

been helping in disciplining the students and

suppressing them from going to computer shops and

gallivanting around because of constant monitoring of

parents patrol members as shown in the figure (see

32
appendix D) disclosed by the PTA member showing the

decrease of students being caught playing computer games

in computer shops, playing billiards and meandering at

parks.

The next objective obtaining the second rank is “To

improve student’s educational performances, keeping them

from unnecessary disturbances” with a mean of 2.84

interpreted as highly attained. This implies that the

members of the parents patrol were determined in keeping

the students away from addiction of playing computer

games, billiards and meandering.

As stated by one of the parents interviewed,

“Nakatulong met piman daytoy nga programa nangruna

kenyami nga parents ta mabantayan dagiti ubing, kasla

jay anak ko nga ni Eric, haan min nga apan bibiruken

ejay computeran nu rumabiin ket haan pay nga nagawed,

mamayat nu ag balin nga policy ti skwelaan daytoy tapno

haanen nga pag metmetingan no rugi ti panag eeskwela”

(the program helps a lot especially to us parents,

because the children are being guarded, just like my son

Eric, we don’t need to fetch him in the computer shop

when he is not a home and it’s getting late. It would be

better if this will become school policy so that I would

33
not need to be agreed every start of classes, Personal

Communication, March February 26, 2016)

Third in rank is the objective, “Promote

intervention of parents as partner of the school and

student’s educational experiences” professed as highly

attained as indicated in the mean of 2.8.

This implies that the parents, barangay tanods and

police officers actively participated in the

implementation of the program which resulted to their

highly attained perception.

The result is supported by the statement of one

student saying, ”At least we are being disciplined in

going to the computer shop, because instead of having an

overtime surfing the internet, because we know that if

we are caught and listed that could be reason of our

suspension or even expulsion from the school, of course

we don’t like it to happen”, Personal Communication,

March 26, 2016).

“Enhancing student outcomes and eliminate dropouts

and students involvement to vices” obtained the last

rank, though it is perceived as highly attained as

indicated in the mean of 2.7. This implies that the

34
program has helped lessen drop-out rates of students due

to addiction to computer games.

Another parent said that Parents Patrol program

avoid the students to involve themselves in vices, such

as addiction to computer games, billiards and other

vices. Similarly, the program keep the students safe

especially when they are outside the school premises”.

Difference on the Level of Attainment of objectives

of the Parents Patrol of San Jose School of La
Trinidad Inc. - High School Department.
Table 2.1 presents the difference on the

perceptions of the respondents on the level of

attainment of objectives of the Parents Patrol program.

As shown in the table, the PTA members have a higher

perception of 2.937 as compared to the perceptions of

the barangay tanods and police officers with a mean

2.687. However, both means are interpreted as highly

attained, though there is a slight difference noted in

the two means

Statistically, the computed t- value of 1.951 is

greater than the critical value of 1.943 with 0.05

degree of significance. Therefore, the hypothesis that

there is a significant difference on the perceptions

between PTA members and barangay tanods and police

35
Table 2.1 Difference on the level of attainment of
objective on the Parent’s Patrol of San Jose School of
La Trinidad Inc., - High School Department.
Indicators PTA Barangay
members Tanods and
Police
Officers
1. Promote intervention of 2.80 2.69
parents as partner of the
school and students educational
experiences.

2. Improve student’s 2.90 2.63

educational performances,
keeping them from unnecessary
disturbances.

3. Keeping student safe and be 3.28 2.83

at their home after dismissal,
refraining them from going
computer shops, billiard halls
and gallivanting to parks and
other hangout spots.

4. Enhancing student outcomes 2.77 2.60

and eliminate dropouts and
students involvement to vices.
2.937 2.687
Overall mean
t-comp= 0.79 t.crit .05= 1.94 *not Significant

officers is rejected. The finding indicates that the

perceptions of the two groups vary in terms of

attainment of objectives of the Police Patrol Program of

San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc. - High School

Department.

Likewise, the finding implies that parents are

aware of the objectives of the program and they are

36
constantly monitoring the program in order for it to be

effective since their main concern is the safety of

their children.

Extent of participation of Respondents in the

Implementation of Parents Patrol Program in
San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.
High School Department

Table 3 presents that the extent of participation of

the members in the implementation of the Parents Patrol

program in San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.- High

School Department. As indicated in the data, the

respondents professed that the members “highly

Participated” in the implementation of the program as

indicated in the mean of 2.9. This implies that the

implementation of this program gives a positive result and

yielded contentment on the part of the parents who are

involved. It likewise shows that the PTA members, barangay

tanods and police officers are active in the

implementation of the program.

Specifically, the indicators obtaining the highest

means are, “Reporting student who are caught”, “help in

disciplining students” and “conducting ronda on billiard

halls” with weighted means of 3.2,3.1 and 3.09

respectively. The result reveals that these indicators are

37
Table 3. Extent of participation of the members parents
patrol members in the implementation of the Parents Patrol
in San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.- High School
Department.
Indicators W.M Descriptive Rank
Evaluation
1. Conducting ronda on 3.09 Highly 3
billiard halls. Participated
2. Patrolling on computer 2.9 Highly 7
establishments. Participated
3. Patrolling on parks or 3 Highly 4
hang-out spots of students. Participated
4. Sending San Jose students 3 Highly 4
home when found gallivanting Participated
or found in computer shops
or ill-repute houses.
5. Sending students of other 2.7 Highly 9
school when found in Participated
computer shops and billiard
halls.
6. Conducting patrol on 2.78 Highly 8
scheduled day. Participated
7. Conducting patrol 3 Highly 4
assisted by Barangay Tanod Participated
and school guard.
8. Conducting patrol 2.62 Highly 10
assisted by Police Officer. Participated
9. Reporting students who 3.2 Highly 1
are caught. Participated
10. Help in disciplining 3.1 Highly 2
students. Participated
Average 2.9 Highly
Participated

considered as highly participated by the members since

their main concern is the safety of the students.

According to one member interviewed, most parents

including barangay tanods and police officers are willing

to conduct foot patrolling to ensure that the students in

their houses after dismissal. Also, this is the best way

38
for them to monitor and discipline the students whenever

they are caught in billiard halls or computer shops.

The result of this study is substantiated in an

interview conducted to one of the grade 9 students saying

“opo, isa po ako sa nireport nila na nahuli at kinuha ang

i.d sa bilyaran malapit sa capitol. Actually, hinihintay

ko lang po yong pinsan ko tas yon naabutan po kami nang

magulang ng klasmet namin na nagroronda”(yes, I am one of

those who were reported that was caught and took my i.d

there at billiard hall near capitol actually Im just

waiting my cousin then we were caught by the parents or

our classmate who were having their ronda. Personal

communication, March 26, 2016).

Likewise, this was also supported by an interview

from Ms. Margie Lopez, former secretary of the program

emphasizing that those students who committed violations

and are caught, their names will be listed and recorded in

the “Book of Violation” that if the same name is found

listed three times, Pledge To Amend and Change (PTAC) will

be given to them to be signed by their parents or

guardians (Personal communication, February 26, 2016).

The indicators obtaining the lowest ranks are

presented in the following discussions.

39
 Ranked eight is the indicator “conducting patrols on

scheduled day” with a weighted mean of 2.78 interpreted as

“highly participated”. This implies that despite of being

busy with their respective jobs, the members of the

parents patrol still have time to go on their scheduled

day in order for them not to be fined with P100.00 and

they are motivated to implement the program because of the

positive outcome on the part of the students.

In an interview conducted to Ms Lopez, she stressed

that during the meeting, they had agreed with the parents

that if they will not come during their scheduled day for

patrolling they will be fined of P100.00.

The indicator, “Sending students of other school when

found in computer shops and billiard halls” ranked nine

weighted a mean of 2.7, interpreted as “highly

participated”. This implies that parents patrol members

are not only concerned of students of San Jose but also to

other students who are addicted to playing computer games

and billiards. The result likewise shows that the members

are considering the safety of all students and youths who

are minors.

Last in rank is the indicator, “Conducting patrol

assisted by Police Officer” with the weighted mean of

40
2.62, still interpreted as “highly participated”. This

implies that parents patrol members consistently work in

partnership with the Police Officers Barangay Tanods in

conducting foot patrol.

The result of this study was supported by the study

carried out by the Ministry of Public Security of Israel

in 2013, where 82% of the parents feel that the patrols

are successful in providing an adult presence at hang-out

spots, and 73% feel the sense of security among students

in particular, is increased as a result of patrols.

On the other hand, only 53% of the parents feel that

the patrols are successful at locating at-risk youth and

referring them to professional help, and 52% feel they

help reduce the use of drugs and alcohol among the youth

(National Parent Patrol Directorate, Israel Ministry of

Public Security, 2014).

Moreover, this study indicates that the parents

patrol members actively participate in the

implementation of the program and are cooperative with

the Barangay Tanods and Police Officers that contribute

to their high participation. Parents patrol members were

also asked to report on the problem that they might

encounter in conducting their patrol.

41
 In general, schools that work to maintain high

levels of parental involvement improve school programs

and school climate. Parental involvement in schools

through parents patrolling has been associated with

reduction in dropout rates as well as delinquency and

pregnancy rates. In addition, Comer (1986) reported that

parent involvement in a well-structured program helps to

eliminate stereotypes that teachers hold about families.

Working with these families raises teachers’

expectations and appreciation of parents as partners. In

turn, high ratings and appreciation from parents bolster

teachers’ efficacy and their willingness to expand the

practice of involvement (Baker & Stevenson, 1986;

Coleman, 1991; Henderson, 1987).

In examining how the effects of parent

participation influence the child, McLaughlin and

Shields (1987) found two conclusive links between parent

participation and student achievement. First, students,

including those from low socioeconomic status, whose

parents are involved in their schools, do better in

their academic subjects and are less likely to drop out

than those students whose parents, are uninvolved.

Second, those schools whose parents are well-

42
informed and highly involved are most likely to be

effective schools. In fact, most studies reviewed

indicated that students at all grade levels are likely

to benefit from family involvement (Comer, 1986;

Henderson, 1987). Although little analytical research

exists on the effects on students of specific practices

of partnership, there is much to be said for

comprehensive programs and the benefits they reap. A

summary of the benefits affecting students include:

students are likely to improve their academic

achievement, including grades and standardized tests,

have better attendance, regular homework habits, more

positive attitudes toward school, better behavior, and

an increase in the completion of secondary and

postsecondary education (Henderson, 1987;Epstein, 1986).

Difference on the Extent of Participation the

Respondents in the Implementation of Parents Patrol
Program of San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.-
High School Department
Table 3.1 presents the extent of participation of

the respondents in the implementation of the Parents

Patrol program of San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc. As

shown in the table, there is a slight difference between

the means of the two groups, however, PTA members have a

higher perception of 2.98 as compared to the perceptions

43
Table 3.1 Difference on the extent of participation of
the respondents in the implementation of parents patrol
program of San Jose School of La Trinidad Inc.- High
School Department.
Indicators P PTA Barangay Tanod
Members and Police
Officers

1. Conducting ronda on 3.14 2.89

billiard halls.
2. Patrolling on computer 2.93 2.74
establishments.
3. Patrolling on parks or 3.04 2.69
hang-out spots of students.

4. Sending San Jose students

home when found gallivanting
or found in computer shops 3.07 2.63
or ill-repute houses.

5. Sending students of other 2.73 2.43

school when found in
computer shops and billiard
halls.
6. Conducting patrol on 2.83 2.60
scheduled day.
7. Conducting patrol assisted 3.07 2.57
by Barangay Tanod and school
guard.
8. Conducting patrol assisted 2.66 2.46
by Police Officer.
9. Reporting students who are 3.22 2.91
caught.
10. Help in disciplining 3.19 2.80
students.

Overall mean 2.98 2.67

t-comp= 3.927 t-crit.05= 1.73 * significant

of barangay tanods and police officers with a mean of

2.67. The result is attributed to the number of PTA

44
members who are patrolling while few of the barangay

tanods and police officers who are patrolling. Hence,

there is more visibility of the PTA members as compared

to tanods and police officers.

Statistically, the computed t-value of 3.927 is

greater than the critical value of 1.73, therefore, the

hypothesis that there is a significant difference on the

extent of participation between PTA members and barangay

tanods and police officers in the implementation of

Parents Patrol program is accepted. This indicates that

the PTA members, barangay tanods and police officers

significantly differ in their extent of participation in

the implementation of Parents Patrol Program. The

finding implies that parents have greater participation

in the implementation of the program since their direct

beneficiaries are their children. Moreover, barangay

tanods and police officers have other priorities, thus

they have lesser involvement.

45
 Summary of Findings

The following are the major findings of the study:

1. The level of attainment of the objectives of

the Parents Patrol Program is highly attained as

perceived by the respondents.

Significant difference is noted between the

perceptions of the PTA members and barangay tanods and

police officers in the attainment of the objectives of

the program.

2. There is a high participation of the

respondents in the implementation of the Parents Patrol

Program as perceived by them.

Significant difference is noted in the extent of

participation between PTA members and barangay tanods

and police officers in the implementation of Parents

Patrol Program.

46
 CHAPTER 4

Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the conclusions and

recommendations based on the findings of the study.

CONCLUSIONS

In light of the findings the following

conclusions are drawn:

1. The high attainment of the objectives of the

Parents Patrol Program of San Jose School of La Trinidad

Inc. is attributed to the positive perception of the

respondents and their high regard on the safety of the

students.

2. The high participation of the respondents in

the implementation of Parents Patrol Program of San Jose

School of La Trinidad Inc. resulted to the full

cooperation of the respondents and their willingness to

volunteer in patrolling since they prioritize the safety

of the students

47
 Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study,

the following are recommended:

1. Parent Patrol program should strengthen its

implementation in order to fully attain its objectives.

2. The school should encourage active participation

of the members of Parents Patrol in order for the attain

effective implementation of the program.

3. Parents patrol program should widen their area

of Patrol so that they can be able to monitor more

students. They should also increase the time of their

patrol activities.

4. The patrol members should monitor strictly

their attendance. Hence, if a parent could not be able

to make the patrol she/he should ask for a substitute.

5. They should provide proper intervention to the

violators such as counseling, proper parenting, and

proper monitoring to the child’s behavior.

6. They should coordinate all police units in La

Trinidad to make the program more effective and could

cover larger area. The program should also be

coordinated to the Barangay officials and to the

municipal office of La Trinidad for program be promoted

48
and make it as requirement in every school in La

Trinidad.

7. There should be trainings to be conducted to

the patrol members so that they have efficient knowledge

on how to deal with children and business

establishments.

8. The community should be informed about the

program so that they will become aware and can render

their support and help in the implementation of the

program.

9. Other researchers are encouraged to conduct

similar research in a wider scope and use qualitative.

49
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54