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    Sets

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    Shivam Goyal
    This document defines basic concepts in set theory, including: - A set is a collection of distinct objects which can be defined by listing its elements or using properties of its elements. - Common sets include the natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. - A subset contains elements that are also elements of another set. - Two sets are equal if they contain the same elements. - Operations on sets include union, intersection, complement, difference, and symmetric difference.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sets

    Uploaded by

    Shivam Goyal
    11 views23 pages
    This document defines basic concepts in set theory, including: - A set is a collection of distinct objects which can be defined by listing its elements or using properties of its elements. - Common sets include the natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. - A subset contains elements that are also elements of another set. - Two sets are equal if they contain the same elements. - Operations on sets include union, intersection, complement, difference, and symmetric difference.

    Original Description:

    SETS NOTES

    Original Title

    1. SETS

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    This document defines basic concepts in set theory, including: - A set is a collection of distinct objects which can be defined by listing its elements or using properties of its elements. - Common sets include the natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. - A subset contains elements that are also elements of another set. - Two sets are equal if they contain the same elements. - Operations on sets include union, intersection, complement, difference, and symmetric difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views23 pages

    Sets

    Uploaded by

    Shivam Goyal
    This document defines basic concepts in set theory, including: - A set is a collection of distinct objects which can be defined by listing its elements or using properties of its elements. - Common sets include the natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. - A subset contains elements that are also elements of another set. - Two sets are equal if they contain the same elements. - Operations on sets include union, intersection, complement, difference, and symmetric difference.

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    TOPIC : SETS

    •Sets
    •Subsets
    •Equal Sets, Universal Sets, Finite and Infinite Sets
    •Operation on Sets
    •Union, Intersection and Complements of Sets
    •Cartesian Product
    •Cardinality of Set
    •Simple Applications
    •A set is a finite collection of objects.
    •Objects may be numbers,books,computers,etc.
    •For instance:
    Set A={a,e,i,o,u}.
    It is a set of English vowels.
    •N = {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}, the set of natural numbers
    •Z = {. . . ,−2,−1, 0, 1, 2, . . .}, the set of integers
    •Z+ = {1, 2, 3, . . .}, the set of positive integers
    •Q = {p/q | p ∈ Z, q ∈ Z, and q = 0}, the set of rational numbers
    •R, the set of real numbers
    •R+, the set of positive real numbers
    •C, the set of complex numbers.
    •Set A is said to be a subset of set B
    iff(if and only if), B contains all the
    elements of set A.
    •For instance:
    Set B={1,2,3,4,5}
    Set A={1,2,3}
    Here, Set A is a subset of Set B.
    •To show that two sets A and B are equal, show that A ⊆ B and
    B ⊆ A.
    •For instance:
    •Set A={1,4,6,5}
    •Set B={1,5,1,4,6,4}
    •Here Set A = Set B
    A set that contains all sets in a given
    context is called a universal set U.

    If A={1,2,3}, B={2,3,4,5,6}, C={7,8,9}


    U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
    •A set that contains finite number of elements is
    called a finite set.
    •For instance: a set of real no.s from 1 to 10
    Set A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
    •A set that having infinite number of elements.
    •For instance:
    A set of natural numbers is an infinite set.
    Set A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,………..}
    Union

    Intersection

    Complement

    Difference

    Symmetric difference
    •The union (denoted by U) of a collection of
    sets is the set of all elements in the
    collection.
    •For instance:
    A={1,2,3,4,5}, B={3,4,5,6,7}
    A ∪ B={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

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