F-35 Lightning II

Maj Frode Dahl

F-35 Program Norway

This briefing and Presentation is for Information only.

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Agenda
• Norway and NATO
– Geopolitics
• F-35 Program Norway - Status
• F-35 capabilities
– Performance
– Sensors
– Stealth
– Communications
– The office
– 5th gen operations

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Norway and geopolitics

• Geopolitical position
Sea Power
• History
– Pre WW II:
• Neutral in peace
• Alliance (UK) in war Air Power

– Post WW II:
• Alliance - NATO/USA
• UN
– Pre - / Post 1960

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Norway and NATO
• Why NATO is important?
– Small country – Big neighbor
– Relatively small military force
– The security provider!
– NATO Strategy
• GWOT
• Local surroundings
• Future challenges – Arctic changes
– Polar Ice melting
– Marine Resources
– Minerals
– Petroleum
– Transpolar transport routes
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 F-35 Lightning II

F-35 Program Norway

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F-35 Program Norway
• Future Combat Aircraft Program
– Started 1999
• Joint Strike Fighter Program – Partner 2001
• Conceptual solution
– Rafale, Eurofighter, Gripen, F-35
• Selection process 2008
– Eurofighter, Gripen, F-35
• F-35 Acquisition
– 48 + 4
– 10 already approved by the Government
– Delivery: 2015 – 2024
– IOC - 2019

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 Level of ambition
• The combat Aircraft shall be able to safgeuard national interests and tasks in all aspects of
conflict, including high-intensive war, as well as producing a squadron sized element according
to NATO requirements.

• Multirole combat aircraft being able to operate in:

– Counter Air:
• Offensive Counter Air - OCA (SWP, ESC, SEAD)
• Defensive Counter Air - DCA (CAP, INT)
– Anti-Surface: Ca 600 NM
• Air Interdict - AI
• Close Air Support - CAS / Urban CAS
• Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses - DEAD
• Anti-Surface Warfare - ASUW Bodø
– Support missions:
• Air Policing
Ørland
• Armed Recce,
• Electronic Warfare - EW (ESM, EA, SEAD)
• Combat search and Rescue - CSAR Oslo
• Battle Damage Assessment - BDA/BDI
• Surveillance - (ISR)
– Strategic operations:
• Effects towards enemy Centers Of Gravity

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The RNoAF needs:
• Multi-/swing-role combat aircraft
• Air-to-Air and Air-to-Surface roles.
• Interoperability
– National
– NATO
• Autonomous operations
• Flexibility
– Future threats, tasks, intensity level
• Performance – equal or better than F-16
• War fighting capabilities above and beyond what the
current F-16 may offer
• Cost-effective regarding maintenance, support and
training

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 F-35 Lightning II

F-35 performance and capabilities

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 F-35 vs F-16
F-35A (CTOL) Config. 240A-4.7 F-16 A/B Bl15
Radar Signature Stealth 4th gen

Height (ft) 14.2 15,6

Length (ft) 51.4 49.7

Span (ft) 35 31

Wing Area (sq. ft) 460 300

Weight Empty (approx) 29,500 lb 17 500 lb

Internal Fuel (approx) 18,500 lb 7,200 lb

Weapons Payload 18,000 lb 10,500 lb approx *

Maximum Weight 70,000 lb class 35,000 lb class

Engine (one per A/C) F135-PW-F100 F100-PW-220E

Engine Thrust 24,000 lb / 40,000 lb - / 24,000 lb

(Mil/Max)*

Speed Mach 1.6 Mach 2.05 *

Mission Radius (KPP) 590 nm (USAF profile) 450 nm (USAF profile)

CTOL = Conventional Takeoff and Landing

CTOL
Representative
4 Internal Hardpoints STOVL = Short Takeoff/Vertical Landing
Stores Carriage
7 External Hardpoints CV = Carrier Variant

Internal and External

CV
Weapons Carriage

STOVL

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Combat -/Surveillance Radius

728 nm – surveillance radius

590 nm – Combat radius
Bodø

Oslo

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Target Detection, Track, Classification and Identification
Day/Night Day/Night and
Capable All Weather
EOTS Capable Radar
EO DAS

Sea Surface
Search/track

RWR
ESM
Sensors: EO DAS EOTS Radar Radar
GMTI SAR

Target Class: All Classes Moving Relocatable Emitting

Increasing Range

F-35 Is Autonomous, Long Range and All Weather-Capable

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APG-81 Advanced Electronically Scanned Array Radar

High Res SAR

ATC Identification

LOW

Med
High Res
Spotlight SAR SAR High
Res Step
Up Example Very
High

Near Precision Adverse Weather Self-Targeting Capability With

Enhanced with ATC for Target Recognition
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Legacy AC SAR Maps

Legacy Resolution

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Low Resolution SAR Maps

Low
Resolution

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Medium Resolution SAR Maps

Medium
Resolution

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High Resolution SAR Maps

High
Resolution

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SAR Maps

Legacy Resolution JSF APG-81 Resolution

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Precise Alignment of GMTI Targets on SAR Map

Bridge
Moving Targets

Boats

GMTI Superimposed on SAR Map for Target Context

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APG-81 Provides Increased Search Volume and
Track Accuracy in Air-to -Air
Search Volumes

Head Aspect Volume Search

MPRF Or All-Aspect
Volume Search

Cued Search

Enhanced Search Range and Performance Advantage over Legacy

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Electronic Support Measure (ESM)

Radar Warning Receiver

(RWR) Precision Direction Finding(PDF)
Radar Warning Receiver (RWR)

ESM Capabilities Support Enhanced Passive SA, and

Suppression & Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses Capabilities
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Electro Optical Targeting System Operational
Capabilities

EO
Targeting
Long Range A-A IRST
System  Internally Mounted
Air-to-Air
 Long Range, Imaging

High Resolution
Air-to-Surface Targeting FLIR
 NAVFLIR, Targeting
FLIR, IRST Functions

 Digital Continuous Zoom

Laser Designation
•

Laser Spot Tracker

The Advanced EOTS Provides Passive Multi-Spectral A/A and A/G Capabilities
As Well as Enhanced A/G Target ID Capability
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 Distributed Aperture System (DAS)
SAIRST

Spherical
Coverage Missile
Warning BDI -
Explosion
NavFLIR Detection
on HMD
Thermal
Cuer
SAM Launch
STOVL Auto Land
Point Report
& Pilot Landing Aid

DAS DAS
Sensors Sensors

IRCM
DAS Sensor
RFCM

DAS Window
Panel

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 Advanced Stealth Must Be Designed-In
Internal Fuel Tanks Curved Diverterless Inlets, Reduced Signature Nozzle
“Buried” Engine
Fixed Array Radar
Engine Inlets Composite Structure
Full Line-of-Sight Blockage
Aligned Edges
Radar Absorbing
Embedded Antennas Material (RAM)
Reduced Signature Nozzles
Internal Stores Carriage
Large Capacity Internal
Fuel Tanks
Low Observable
Seams, RAM Seals
Weapons Carried
Low-Emission Radar Internally
and Avionics Embedded
Aircraft Shaping Antennas
and Edge Alignment

Fundamental 5TH Design Features Can Not Be Retrofitted

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 Norsk
Ready F-16
for combat All internal!
Slik den var utstyrt for Libya-operasjonen

Air-to-Air Additional fuel Targeting pod Jammer Additional fuel Precition Air-to-Air
missiles guided missiles
munitions

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General – IR Technology
• Low Observable Asymetric
Nozzle (LOAN)
– geometrical shaping
– an advanced cooling system
– special coatings on internal and
external structures.

• Results
– Reduced IR signature
– Increased life of the nozzle
divergent flaps
– significant maintenance cost
savings.

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General - Reduced IR signature
• No afterburner
• Longer exhaust pipe - even out exhaust and
reduce “hot spot”
• Masking by aircraft structure
• Mixing the exhaust with cold air before it
exits the aircraft.
– From fan section
– Ambient cooling air

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 F-35 Communication
Voice Comms Air-to-Air & Air-to-Surface
• Line of Sight VHF/UHF Link-16
F-22 • Position & Status Reporting
 30-400 MHz AM/FM EW Platforms
C2ISR • Mission Assignments
 Clear/Secure Voice • Air / Surface / Land Tracks
• HAVEQUICK Platforms (Link 16) F-15 • Air / Surface Target Reports
• SINCGARS • Engagement Status
• Threat Warning / EW Info
Link-16 F/A-18 • Still Imagery
Link-16*
VMF • Free text
MADL F-16 • Voice
Voice

MADL*
C2/CAOC
VMF*

E-2 Digital Aided CAS

Variable Message Format (VMF) F/A-18
• Position Reporting
Patriot • CAS Mission Execution [Striker]
 Check-In / On-Station
Aegis  Target Designation
• CAS Mission Control [FAC(A)] A-10
 CAS Request
CVN  9-Line / Targets
 Terminal Control JTAC
LHD • Mission Effectiveness Reporting Ground Forces
• Still Imagery
•Not an all inclusive list of Link 16 and VMF OPFACs • Free Text
JTAC – Joint Terminal Attack Controller
MADL - Multifunction Advanced Data Link Rotary Wing
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 Integrated and Fused Mission Systems
Full Spherical Coverage by Distributed Aperture System (DAS)

RWR/ ESM / EO DAS

360o Coverage
Electro-Optical
Targeting
System

Active
Electronically
Scanned Array
(AESA)

RADAR

 Data Links

Provides Near Perfect Situational Awareness

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 The office
Helmet-Mounted Display
Presents Critical Flight and
Mission Systems Information in
the Pilot’s Field-of-View

Panoramic Cockpit Display

Provides Pilot-Configurable Head-
Down Display with Mission and
Subsystem Specific Information

Throttle and Side Stick

Mark 16 Seat
(Martin Baker)
Allows Pilot To “Fly and Fight,”
Controlling Critical Avionics and
Weapons Functions Without
Having To Remove His Hands

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 Operations with 5th Gen fighters
3rd + 4th gen systems
• High threat level Counter-Air

• Dependent on support Direct

– Standoff Jammers Attack
Jammer
Weapon
– SEAD Range
– Decoys
– Counter Air SEAD
– Etc Strike

5th Gen - Stealth (LO)

• Able to avoid or take out
potential threats
• Direct attack is possible
• Alone or in coordination
with others
Standoff
Short Range SAM/AAA Weapon
(SOW)
SAM Range Range
Airborne Interceptor

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 Multi-role combat aircraft for Norway
4th Gen Air to Air
5TH Gen

5th gen capabilities Air to Surface

 VLO Stealth
 F-16/F-18-like 4th Gen
5TH Gen
performance
 Integrated sensors –
sensor fusion Electronic
 Network based warfare
operations
 Advanced logistics

Future NTISR capabilities

Situational awareness and VLO Stealth = Operational flexibility
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 DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
STATEMENT A. Approved for
A. Approved forpublic
publicrelease; distribution
release; is unlimited.
distribution is unlimited. 33