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    Fkasa - Shravanya Ap Simmadoraiappanna - CD 9767 - Chap 1 PDF

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    Ashraf Haji
    This document provides background information on floods and discusses flooding that has impacted the Kuala Krai city area of Malaysia in recent years. It first defines floods and explains they occur due to an overflow of water beyond normal limits from heavy rainfall. It then states the problem is flooding has affected the Manek Urai area near Kuala Krai city in 2014 when two rivers overflowed after prolonged heavy rainfall. The objectives of the subsequent study are to analyze hydrological data of Sungai Lebir river and estimate flow rates of its water catchment area using hydrological modeling software.

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    Fkasa - Shravanya Ap Simmadoraiappanna - CD 9767 - Chap 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ashraf Haji
    132 views3 pages
    This document provides background information on floods and discusses flooding that has impacted the Kuala Krai city area of Malaysia in recent years. It first defines floods and explains they occur due to an overflow of water beyond normal limits from heavy rainfall. It then states the problem is flooding has affected the Manek Urai area near Kuala Krai city in 2014 when two rivers overflowed after prolonged heavy rainfall. The objectives of the subsequent study are to analyze hydrological data of Sungai Lebir river and estimate flow rates of its water catchment area using hydrological modeling software.

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    FKASA - SHRAVANYA AP SIMMADORAIAPPANNA - CD 9767 - CHAP 1.pdf

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    This document provides background information on floods and discusses flooding that has impacted the Kuala Krai city area of Malaysia in recent years. It first defines floods and explains they occur due to an overflow of water beyond normal limits from heavy rainfall. It then states the problem is flooding has affected the Manek Urai area near Kuala Krai city in 2014 when two rivers overflowed after prolonged heavy rainfall. The objectives of the subsequent study are to analyze hydrological data of Sungai Lebir river and estimate flow rates of its water catchment area using hydrological modeling software.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    132 views3 pages

    Fkasa - Shravanya Ap Simmadoraiappanna - CD 9767 - Chap 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ashraf Haji
    This document provides background information on floods and discusses flooding that has impacted the Kuala Krai city area of Malaysia in recent years. It first defines floods and explains they occur due to an overflow of water beyond normal limits from heavy rainfall. It then states the problem is flooding has affected the Manek Urai area near Kuala Krai city in 2014 when two rivers overflowed after prolonged heavy rainfall. The objectives of the subsequent study are to analyze hydrological data of Sungai Lebir river and estimate flow rates of its water catchment area using hydrological modeling software.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1

    CHAPTER 1

    INTRODUCTION

    1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

    Flood is an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits. It is also
    can be refer to the inflow of the tide or the backflow of the river; which occurs at the
    location where the rivers meet. From a geological perspective, floods are natural
    consequences of stream flow in a continually changing environment. The streams receive
    most of their water input from precipitation and the amount that falling in drainage basin
    varies from day to day. Based on the role of precipitation, the amount and time which
    precipitation takes places is not constant for any given area. Overall, the water cycle is a
    balanced system and the reason for the flood to occur is a large amount of precipitation,
    causing the river/ basin to overflow due to not efficient cross section of the river itself.
    As the amount of water is increase, the stream must adjust its velocity and cross section
    in order to form a balance. The discharge increase as more water is added through rainfall,
    tributary streams, or from the groundwater seeping into the stream resulting in floods due
    to increase of width, depth and velocity of streams (Ismail DID, 2009).
    2

    1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

    In terms of geography, the Kuala Krai city lies on the outskirts of Sg.Kelantan and
    only a few kilometers downstream from the confluence of Sungai Nenggiri and Sungai
    Lebir as mentioned in the early history of Kelantan. The population of Kuala Krai territory
    was 117,800. For the past few years Kuala Krai has faced with flood.

    The territory contains the confluence of two major rivers, the Lebir and Galas, to
    form the Kelantan River. One of the most affected town in the year 2014 is Manek Urai.
    Manek Urai is a small town in Kelantan state. The town is located about 25 kilometers
    from Kuala Krai town.

    The downpour in Ulu Kelantan, which covers Gua Musang and Kuala Krai, lasted
    over 48 hours. It brought to life the fears of the residents of Gua Musang that was
    inundated on 22 Dec 2014.In just a short time, Sungai Galas overflowed and submerged
    the old town of Gua Musang and the surrounding villages including Manek Urai through
    Sungai Lebir. Figure 1.1 shows the Manek Urai area affected by flood. The water rose
    two to five meters, crippling the entire area. Although the people of Kelantan have
    annually endured devastating floods, 2014 was on an unprecedented scale.

    According to the Sinar Harian 6 January 2015, the “mud flood” was from the hilly
    region of Ulu Kelantan, following the massive clearing of forest for oil palm plantations
    and vegetable farming. According to the source, it was the cause of the steep and sudden
    rise in water level, contributing to what was now dubbed as a ‘tsunami over land’.
    3

    Figure 1.1: Manek Urai Area Affected by flood 2014

    Source: (http://www.bharian.com.my/node/25984)

    1.3 OBJECTIVES

    In order to make this study successful, two objectives have been determined. It works
    as a guide line so that the outcomes of this study can be easily achieved. The objectives
    are,

     To analyse hydrological data of Sungai Lebir for critical river sections.

     To estimate the flow rate of the water catchment area of Sungai Lebir using
    HEC-HMS.

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