Invivo5.4 Reference Manual English

Invivo5.
4 Reference Manual
English
Anatomage, Inc. 111 North Market Street Suite 500, San Jose, CA 95113 U.S.A.
Tel) 408.885.1474 Fax) 408.295.9786 www.anatomage.com
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I N V I V O 5 . 4 – P I O N E E R I N G T H E N E W D I M E N S I O N O F P A T I E N T C A R E ™
Warranty Statement
There are no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the contents of this document, and all information
provided herein is provided “as is.” Anatomage reserves the right to periodically change the information that is
contained in this document; however, Anatomage makes no commitment to provide any such changes in a timely
manner or at all.
Limitation of Liability
In no event shall Anatomage or its affiliates be liable to any party for any direct, indirect, special, or consequential
damages in connection with your use of this document, including, without limitation, loss of business revenue or
earnings, lost data, damages caused by delays, lost profits, or a failure to realize expected savings, even if
Anatomage was expressly advised of the possibility of such damages.
End of Life Statement

InVivoDental software is dependent on its hardware requirements. The life-cycle is limited only by the availability
of the required hardware.
Trademarks
Anatomage and related marks, images, and symbols are the exclusive properties of, and trademarks of, Anatomage
Inc. All other brands and marks are the properties of their respective owners.
Copyright
Documentation for InVivoDental and the operating software are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the
copyright laws, this documentation may not be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, or translated into any human or
computer language in whole or part without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.
About Anatomage and InVivoDental Software
This version of InVivoDental was released as an update to the original InVivoDental software from Anatomage,
Inc. In this document, InVivoDental refers to the latest version of the Anatomage InVivoDental software and is
synonymous with the terms “Invivo” and “Invivo5.” To learn more about Anatomage, access the Anatomage
website (www.Anatomage.com).
Intended User
InVivoDental is designed to be used by medical and dental professionals who have been appropriately trained to
use 3D CT imaging devices and read the image data generated by the devices.
Language
The original language of this manual is English. Other versions are available. Please contact Anatomage for other
language versions.
Caution: Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of medical and dental clinicians.
ANA003 Rev B. 26 May 2015 Page 2 of 216 UM-INVEU-ENG-54B

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Indications for Use

InVivoDental is a software application used for the display and 3D visualization of medical image files
from scanning devices, such as CT, MRI, or 3D Ultrasound. It is intended for use by radiologists,
clinicians, referring physicians, and other qualified individuals to retrieve, process, render, review, store,
print, assist in diagnosis and distribute images, utilizing standard PC hardware. Additionally,
InVivoDental is a preoperative software application used for the simulation and evaluation of dental
implants, orthodontic planning, and surgical treatments.
This device is not indicated for mammography use.

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 10
System Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 11
Installing Invivo................................................................................................................................... 13
About the License Type ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Perpetual Licenses ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Network Licenses ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Internet Requirement ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Website Installation Instructions ....................................................................................................................... 13
InVivoDental Setup Wizard ............................................................................................................................... 14
Validating the Installer File ................................................................................................................................. 16
Feature List.......................................................................................................................................... 17
Software Layout ................................................................................................................................... 18
Invivo Preferences ............................................................................................................................... 19
Display Preferences ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Volume Rendering Preferences................................................................................................................................... 21
File Manager Settings ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Basic Features .....................................................................................................................................23
DICOM & Invivo File Loading with the File Manager .......................................................................................... 23
Invivo/DICOM File Saving ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Invivo ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
DICOM................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Custom Saving Dialog.................................................................................................................................................. 26
Saving As an Invivo Project File................................................................................................................................. 26
DICOM File Loading with PACS .............................................................................................................................. 27
PACS Configuration ............................................................................................................................................ 27
PACS File Loading............................................................................................................................................... 27
PACS File Saving.................................................................................................................................................. 28
Export DICOM & Viewer .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Export to CD ................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Case Information Display............................................................................................................................................ 30
Image Capture to File................................................................................................................................................... 30
Image Capture to Gallery ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Image Capture to an Email ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Image Navigation ...............................................................................................................................32
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Slider Bar Scroll ............................................................................................................................................................. 32

Zoom In/Out................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Pan (Shift) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Free Rotate..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Free Rolling.................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Increment Rotate .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Increment Roll............................................................................................................................................................... 33
Anatomical Plane Clipping .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Scroll Slice ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Move/Rotation Widget ................................................................................................................................................ 34
3D Restoration Widget ................................................................................................................................................ 34
Full Screen Mode and Keyboard Shortcuts ........................................................................................35
Switching to Full Screen Mode ................................................................................................................................... 35
Keyboard Shortcuts at Volume Rendering View ..................................................................................................... 35
The View Tabs: ....................................................................................................................................36
Section View Features .........................................................................................................................36
Section: Toolbar ............................................................................................................................................................ 37
Section: Control Panel.................................................................................................................................................. 38
Section: Rendering Window ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Section: Airway Measurement..................................................................................................................................... 41
Section: Light Box ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Volume Render View Features ............................................................................................................43
Volume Render: Toolbar.............................................................................................................................................. 44
Volume Render: Control Panel ................................................................................................................................... 46
Volume Render: Patient Orientation.......................................................................................................................... 47
Volume Render: Render Window............................................................................................................................... 48
Volume Render: Volume Measurements ................................................................................................................... 49
Volume Render: Airway Measurement ...................................................................................................................... 50
Volume Render: Movie Capturing and Customized View Sequences .................................................................. 51
ArchSection View Features .................................................................................................................52
ArchSection: Toolbar ................................................................................................................................................... 53
ArchSection: Control Panel ......................................................................................................................................... 55
ArchSection: Creating A Nerve Pathway ................................................................................................................. 57
ArchSection: Rendering Window ............................................................................................................................... 58
Implant View Features ........................................................................................................................59
Implant: Toolbar ........................................................................................................................................................... 60
Implant: Control Panel................................................................................................................................................. 62
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Implant: Rendering Window ....................................................................................................................................... 64

Implant: View Preset Setup ......................................................................................................................................... 65
Implant: Model Visibility ............................................................................................................................................. 66
Implant: 3D Implant Widget ...................................................................................................................................... 66
Implant: 2D Implant Widget ...................................................................................................................................... 66
Implant: 3D Implant Planning.................................................................................................................................... 67
Implant: Pano Implant Planning ................................................................................................................................ 68
Implant: Bone Graft Simulation ................................................................................................................................. 69
Implant: Advanced Restoration Design .................................................................................................................... 70
Implant: Adding Restorations ..................................................................................................................................... 70
Implant: Check Sleeves ................................................................................................................................................ 71
Implant: View Sequencer ............................................................................................................................................. 72
Implant: Settings and Preferences .............................................................................................................................. 74
Detailed Implant Settings ................................................................................................................................... 75
Preferred Implants Settings................................................................................................................................ 75
Density Profile Control....................................................................................................................................... 76
Restoration View Features ..................................................................................................................77
Restoration: Toolbar ..................................................................................................................................................... 78
Restoration: Control Panel .......................................................................................................................................... 80
Restoration: Stone Model Registration ...................................................................................................................... 81
Restoration: Rendering Window & Mesh Manipulation ......................................................................................... 83
Restoration: View Preset Setup................................................................................................................................... 84
Restoration: Abutment Planning ................................................................................................................................ 85
Restoration: Abutment Planning Dialog ................................................................................................................... 85
Abutment Parameters ......................................................................................................................................... 85
Restoration: Crown Types ........................................................................................................................................... 87
Crowns for prepped teeth or custom abutments............................................................................................ 87
Pontics ................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Bridges ................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Restoration: Articulation and Adjust Occlusion ...................................................................................................... 89
TMJ View Features..............................................................................................................................90
TMJ: Toolbar ................................................................................................................................................................. 91
TMJ: Control Panel....................................................................................................................................................... 93
TMJ: Rendering Window ............................................................................................................................................. 94
Arch Spline (Focal Trough) Navigation ........................................................................................................... 94
TMJ: Layout ................................................................................................................................................................... 95
Super Pano View Features ...................................................................................................................96
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Super Pano: Toolbar ..................................................................................................................................................... 97

Super Pano: Control Panel .......................................................................................................................................... 98
Super Pano: Rendering Window................................................................................................................................. 99
How to make a good Pano? ............................................................................................................................... 99
Super Ceph View Features ................................................................................................................ 100
Super Ceph: Toolbar .................................................................................................................................................. 101
Super Ceph: Control Panel ........................................................................................................................................ 102
Super Ceph: Rendering Window .............................................................................................................................. 103
Superimposition View Features ........................................................................................................ 104
Superimposition: Toolbar .......................................................................................................................................... 105
Superimposition: Control Panel................................................................................................................................ 107
Superimposition: How to Superimpose Two Volumes ......................................................................................... 109
Superimposition: Using Superimposition Aligner for Fine Adjustments........................................................... 111
Superimposition: Using Volume Registration for Fine Adjustments .................................................................. 112
Superimposition: Difference Between .vdata Files and .odata Files ................................................................... 114
Gallery View Features ....................................................................................................................... 115
Gallery: Toolbar .......................................................................................................................................................... 116
Gallery: Control Panel ................................................................................................................................................ 116
Gallery: Rendering Window ...................................................................................................................................... 117
Gallery: Adding Images to the Gallery .................................................................................................................... 118
Gallery: 2D Image Options....................................................................................................................................... 120
Model View Features ......................................................................................................................... 121
Model: Toolbar ............................................................................................................................................................ 122
Model: Control Panel ................................................................................................................................................. 124
Model: Rendering Window........................................................................................................................................ 125
Common How to Tasks .................................................................................................................... 126
How to Trace A Nerve .............................................................................................................................................. 126
How to Create Reports In Life Size......................................................................................................................... 127
Other View Tabs with Life-Size Printing ....................................................................................................... 127
How to Create a Positive Airway View .................................................................................................................... 128
How to Create an AnatoModel Simulation and Video ......................................................................................... 129
Invivo5 Additional Modules .............................................................................................................. 131
3DAnalysis Module Features ............................................................................................................ 132
3DAnalysis: Toolbar ................................................................................................................................................... 133
3DAnalysis: Control Panel......................................................................................................................................... 135
3DAnalysis: Coordinate System ................................................................................................................................ 136
3DAnalysis: Tracing Tasks ......................................................................................................................................... 141
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Tracing Task Examples and Tips .................................................................................................................... 142

3DAnalysis: Text View ............................................................................................................................................... 147
Colored Wigglegram ......................................................................................................................................... 149
3DAnalysis: VCA Mode............................................................................................................................................. 150
3DAnalysis: Advanced Analysis Configurations .................................................................................................... 154
Configuring a Frontal Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 154
Configuring a Sassouni Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 154
3DAnalysis: Create Face Photo ................................................................................................................................ 155
3DAnalysis: Landmark-Based Superimposition ..................................................................................................... 157
Performing Landmark-Based Superimposition............................................................................................. 158
Superimposition Text View .............................................................................................................................. 159
How Does 3DAnalysis Work with the Superimposition Tab?.................................................................... 160
3DAnalysis: Layout Options ..................................................................................................................................... 161
3DAnalysis: 3DAnalysis Settings .............................................................................................................................. 162
Special Landmark Properties ........................................................................................................................... 165
3DAnalysis: Tracing Guide ........................................................................................................................................ 173
3DAnalysis: Default Tracing Tasks and Landmarks .............................................................................................. 175
3DAnalysis: Save Information .................................................................................................................................. 178
3DAnalysis: 3D Surgery Tool.................................................................................................................................... 180
3DAnalysis: Profilogram ............................................................................................................................................ 183
Report Module Features.................................................................................................................... 184
Report: Toolbar ........................................................................................................................................................... 185
Report: Control Panel ................................................................................................................................................ 186
Report: Rendering Window....................................................................................................................................... 187
Report: Adding Text Controls .................................................................................................................................. 188
Report: Adding Slice Group Controls ..................................................................................................................... 191
Report: Adding Single Image Controls ................................................................................................................... 193
Report: Image Type Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 194
Report: Slice Group Management............................................................................................................................ 196
Adding Slices to a Group ................................................................................................................................. 197
Capturing Slices.................................................................................................................................................. 198
Slice Control Selection Details......................................................................................................................... 199
Report: Managing Templates .................................................................................................................................... 200
Report: Preferences .................................................................................................................................................... 201
Report: Page Setup ..................................................................................................................................................... 202
Stitching Module Features ................................................................................................................ 203
Stitching: Toolbar........................................................................................................................................................ 204
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Stitching: View Control.............................................................................................................................................. 205

Stitching: How to Stitch Two Volumes ................................................................................................................... 206
Invivo5 Software Troubleshooting .................................................................................................... 211
Index .................................................................................................................................................. 213

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Introduction
InVivoDental Imaging Software
A natomage, Inc. is a medical imaging company composed of

a cross-functional team consisting of the most elite
researchers, mathematicians, engineers, software developers,
business analysts, industry leaders, academic faculty, and dental
specialists. We believe that InVivoDental software will enable the
profession to initiate a revolution of unimaginable scope and
magnitude. Ultimately, our mission is dedicated to developing
software specially designed for dentists to be simple and refined, yet
utilizing the most advanced cutting edge software and technology to
better serve their patients. With InVivoDental software, doctors can
create 3D volume renderings on their own computers, get cross
sections, trace nerves, place implants, print images, save images, and many more functions. The software is
designed to reconstruct these 3D volume renderings from DICOM files generated by CBCT, Medical CT, and
MRI radiography machines. InVivoDental is intended for use as a planning and simulation software in the
placement of dental implants, orthodontics and surgical treatment.
T his manual is intended to provide supplementary information to your direct training with the Anatomage
support team. For correct and safe use, training is available to all InVivoDental users and is highly
recommended. In this document, InVivoDental refers to the latest version of the Anatomage
InVivoDental software and is synonymous with the terms “Invivo” and “Invivo5.” Previously released versions of
this manual are available. For more information on how to access previous versions of the InVivoDental
Reference Manual, please contact the Anatomage customer support team at (408) 885-1474 or email
[email protected]

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System Requirements
Below are the minimal and recommended system configurations.
H aving an adequate computer system is essential to using InVivoDental efficiently and generating the
highest quality images possible for enhanced analysis and presentation for your patients and colleagues.
The most important element is the video card (3D graphics chip or GPU). If your system does not
have an appropriate video card, you can purchase and install video cards for desktop computers.
InVivoDental has minimal system requirements; however, Anatomage recommends the following configurations
to fully utilize all the features within the InVivoDental Software. The following recommendations have been
updated in May 2015:
Summary
Minimum Recommended
Intel Core i7 4000 series or comparable multi-
CPU Pentium 3
core processor
RAM 3GB 4GB
ATI Radeon HD 4650 or Nvidia GeForce
GPU / Graphics Card ATI Radeon HD 6800 or comparable
9800 GT
Hard Disk 100 GB 500 GB
OS Windows 7 32-bit Windows 7 64-bit or Windows 8 64-bit
Mac Users
OS Hardware
Not Compatible Apple OS, Parallels MacBook Air, Mac Mini
Apple Bootcamp (requires a full license of iMac, MacBook Pro (15in), Mac Pro
Fully Compatible Note: Please check if a dedicated graphics card
Windows) (Nvidia/Radeon) is included.
Graphics Cards / GPU Details
Brand Model Series Low-End Options Recommendation High-End Options

Radeon HD 4600 – Radeon HD 6800 Radeon HD 7970
ATI Radeon HD 6450
R9 290X series Radeon R9 290X
GeForce GT 430 – GeForce GT 635 GeForce GTX 760
Nvidia GeForce GTX 650
GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX 645 GeForce GTX 660 Ti

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Laptop Recommendations
IMPORTANT: Ensure the laptop has a dedicated video card. Integrated graphics cards alone, such as Intel HD
Graphics, are insufficient for 3D rendering.
Note: Graphics processor options may vary. Please check with the laptop manufacturer for details on graphics processor options.
Dell
Sizes Model Series Graphics Processor Options Weight
11'', 14'', Nvidia GeForce 765M
Alienware M Note: Known issue with new GT 700M series drivers; will only work 4.4 – 11.7 lbs
17'', 18'' with “Nvidia driver 311.48.1.3.24.2” as of 1/29/2014
15'', 17'' Inspiron R ATI Radeon HD 8850M or Nvidia GeForce GT 750M 6.1 - 7.3 lbs
15'', 17'' Studio XPS Nvidia GeForce GT 730M or GT 740M or better 5.8 - 7.4 lbs
HP (Warning: HP brand laptops have a known issue with switchable graphics. A BIOS update from the HP website may be necessary to run Invivo5 with
the intended graphics hardware.)
Sizes Model Series Graphics Processor Options Weight

15'', 17'' Envy ATI Radeon HD 8750M or Nvidia GeForce GT 750M 5.6 – 7.5 lbs
15'', 17'' Pavilion ATI Radeon HD 8670M 5.5 - 6.6 lbs
For additional information, recommendations or assistance, please contact the Anatomage Tech Support
Department at (408) 885-1474 or email [email protected]

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Installing Invivo
About the License Type
The authorization code provided for activation should be one of the two license types below. If the license type is
not known, please contact the distributor of the license, which can be either Anatomage or a partner CBCT
scanner manufacturer that bundles Invivo licenses.
Perpetual Licenses
• This is a single-use license for one computer. Internet connection will be
required for the initial installation but not during subsequent use of the
software. If Internet access is not available, the license can be manually
activated by the distributor’s tech support.
Network Licenses
• This license can install up to four computers that are on the same Internet
network as at least one perpetual-licensed computer. Hence, a network license
can only be used after a perpetual computer is installed. Internet connection
will be necessary to launch the software.
Attention: Please ensure each code is entered on the desired computer. Once a code has been activated, you
must contact the distributor of the license to transfer the license.
Internet Requirement
While perpetual computers only need Internet connection during the initial installation, network computers will
require Internet to access the software. If the Internet connection becomes unavailable, the network computers
will fall onto a grace period of eight hours. After the grace period ends, the license will be inactive until Internet
connection linked to a perpetual computer is reestablished.
Website Installation Instructions
1. Go to www.Anatomage.com
2. Select “Dr. Login”
• Username: download
• Password: softwarefiles
1. Click on the Invivo Installer
2. Click “Save File”
3. Run File

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InVivoDental Setup Wizard
Before proceeding, please ensure the computer is connected to the Internet. InVivoDental Setup will check for
certain components that are important to the performance of the software. A result of Pass or Fail will be
provided as the components for that computer are compared to a list of the most compatible components. A Fail
result will not prevent the installation from completing and is only intended as a warning of the possibility of
suboptimal software performance as a result.
OpenGL Vendor: Associated with the

manufacturer of the graphics processor
OpenGL Version: Associated with the

driver version of the graphics hardware
component
Memory: The quantity of RAM installed

on the motherboard
Click Next to continue.
Enter the numerical authorization code. If

you have an alphanumeric license key, click
Advanced and put in the key in the blank
provided.
Click Next to continue.

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Installation Preferences: The user can specify the folder for software installation as well as the level of
functionality with which the software initially opens. A PACS-compatible user interface can also be installed
instead of the typical File Manager.
Full Functionality Mode: Selecting this

option will have all view tabs enabled after
the installation is complete.
Unchecking this function will install the

software with only Section, ArchSection,
Volume Render, Implant, Gallery, and
Model Tabs visible. The missing tabs can be
enabled in the Preferences dialog of the File
menu.
PACS Options: Files can be opened from

or saved onto PACS through the PACS user
interface. Selecting “Full PACS” will disable
opening or saving files locally. Selecting the
“Export PACS Only” will disable saving
files locally.
Only select these options if you have a PACS in place.
Review the End-User License Agreement

and accept the terms if desired to proceed
with the installation.
Click Next to continue. The program will proceed with installation until completed. Clicking Finish will close the
wizard.

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Validating the Installer File
1. Right-click the Installer file and select “Properties” to open the Properties window.
2. Open the “Digital Signatures” Tab.
3. Select “Anatomage, Inc.” and press Details.
4. Verify that the Digital Signature Information is “OK.”
The following pictures are for demonstration purposes only. The name of the installer and Digital Signature Information is dependent
on the release version and may change accordingly.

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Feature List
An overview of the various features provided by Invivo.
• Directly Opens DICOM Data from Any CT Machine
• Invivo File Compression
• Section and Multislice View Operations
• Volume Rendering of Scan Data
• Linear, Angular, Circumferential, Area, and Volumetric Measurements*
• Image Capture and Export
• AVI (Movie) Capture and Export
• Implant, Abutment, and Restoration Treatment Planning
• Bone Density Evaluation
• Quick Airway Volume Measurement and Evaluation
• Automatic Superimposition and Mirroring
• Platform for the AnatoModel Service
*All measurements are performed with the metric system.

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Software Layout
The following is a description of how Invivo is organized by Menu Bar, Toolbar, View Tabs, View Controls, and
Rendering Window.
Menu Bar Toolbar View Tabs

The Menu Bar Tools can be accessed to The View Tabs allow
allows you to perform certain functions on you to perform specific
perform application patient images. Sets of tools are tasks or look at specific
operations such as associated with a specific View subjects of interest by
open, save, close, Tab. adjusting the Toolbar
print, capture, etc. and View Controls
View Control Rendering Window

View Control is the region Rendering Window is the region
where patient images can be where patient images are
manipulated and controlled. The displayed. This window can be
View Control is associated with customized within many of the
a specific View Tab. View Tabs by using the Toolbar.

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Invivo Preferences
This section will explain the different options within the Preference window of Invivo. The Invivo preferences include options for
Display settings, Volume Rendering settings, as well as File Manager settings.
Accessing the Invivo Preferences:

• In the Menu bar of the Invivo, select “File.”
• Select “Preference…” from the “File” drop-down.
Display Preferences
GUI Settings
• Background: Sets the background color for
the rendering window.
• Measurement Font Size: Sets the
measurement font size to a size preset:
small, medium, or large.
• Measurement Text Color: Sets the text
color for measurement notations.
• Tag Text: Provides an additional label to
the right hand corner of the rendering
window.
• Date Format: Current date format for case
information display.
• Continuous View:
o Checked – Switching between view
presets for volume renderings will
show intermediate volume
positions.
o Unchecked – Switching between
view presets will not show
intermediate positions; the volume
will “jump” to the final position.
• Make Text Annotations Global: When
checked, previously placed or new text
annotations added to any 2D slice view
except group slices (TMJ, ArchSection) will
be visible when scrolling past the slice the
measurement was placed on.
• Cycle 2D Distance Measurement Color: Measurement colors will cycle with every measurement that
is added.
• Enable Multiple Distance Measurement Mode: Distance Measurement will become a toggle on/off
button for measurement mode. Toggling “on” this mode will continue to pick beginning and end
points for linear measurements with each click after the first measurement has been created.

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Default Image Sharpening

This drop-down menu features three settings: No Sharpening, Mild Sharpening, and Hard Sharpening.
This setting determines the amount of sharpening applied to 2D grayscale and 2D X-ray (pano and
ceph) images universally. Changes will occur immediately without restarting the program, and the
specific setting can still be changed manually in each individual tab.
Tabs
This section determines which tabs are seen by the user when the program is running. Checked boxes
will be available while unchecked boxes will hide those tabs. Changes are made after restarting the
program.
Auto save 2D view setting on application exit

This setting will determine if 2D view settings made in each of the applicable tabs will be saved
automatically upon program closure and be reloaded with the next opened case. If left unselected, the
user will have to manually save the configuration by clicking Save View Settings in the working tab.
The specific 2D view settings that will be saved in each tab is given in the table below:
Section Rendering presets, custom Brightness/Contrast (if

the Dental preset is chosen), Sharpen Filter,
Volume Clipping, Slice Thickness
Implant Layout, Restoration Lock, View Preset,

Brightness/Contrast, Sharpen Filter, Volume
Clipping, and Remove Crown
ArchSection Slice Interval, Cross Section

Width/Interval/Thickness, Auto R-L, Pano Image
Type, Pano Ruler Enabled, Brightness/Contrast
mode, Layout (including Axial vs. Cross Series and
Print Layout), Sharpen Filter, Color Preset, Nerve
Diameter, and Nerve Visibility
TMJ Lateral Width/Interval/Thickness, Pano Ruler,

Brightness/Contrast mode and settings, Layout
(including sequence type and Print Layout),
Sharpen Filter, Color Preset, Focal Trough
Thickness and Symmetry, Pano Render Mode

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Volume Rendering Preferences

Volume Rendering View Settings
• Quality Resolution: Sets the limit for the
resolution of the image. This can be set to
either a user-defined number or set to
Unlimited.
• Init (Initial) Rendering: Sets the rendering
quality upon opening Invivo.
• Shaded Slice Sampling Rate: Accepts a
numerical value that sets the sampling rate
to improve image quality at the cost of
performance.
• Use lower resolution while moving volume:
positional changes of the volume will be
rendered at a low quality resolution while
maintaining the quality resolution setting in
the final position.
Volume Rendering Range

• The user can define the range of
Hounsfield Units that will be rendered.
This cannot be set when “Use Automatic
H.U. Range” is checked.
• Checking “Non-CT Modality Use Scalar for
Min-Max” will allow the user to define the
minimum and maximum scalar units that
will be rendered.
Material
• Various properties can be adjusted to change the appearance of a volume rendering. Ambient,
Diffuse, and Specular effects can be rendered in different colors.
• The degree of Emission and Diffuse can be adjusted with the respective slide bars.
• Shininess is set to a number – higher numbers denote less shininess.

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File Manager Settings

File Type-Associated Folder Paths
Folder paths can be set for each of the Invivo and DICOM file type options. When one mode is selected,
the program will use the file paths associated with that file type mode, but the user may still save or open
either file type at any time.
File Path Preferences for Different Users

In the situation that there are multiple users on a single computer with Invivo5 installed across multiple user
accounts, the file paths for all new accounts will initially take on the preferences defined by the user
administrator account. Non-admin accounts may redefine their file path settings, but they will be
overwritten the next time the settings are changed on a user administrator account.
File Paths
• Anatomage Case Path: Starting the
program will open a window showing a
list of cases within this location.
o Can also serve as a backup
folder for all opened cases.
• Default Open Path: This is the starting
location for attempting to open a case
through File → Open in the Menu bar.
• Default Save Path: This is the starting
location for saving a case file in Invivo.
Copy Files to Anatomage Case Folder

Before Open
This section allows the user to save a
copy of a case that is to be opened in
the Anatomage Case Folder if it is in
any location besides this folder, such as
on a different location on a network,
on a CD-ROM, or in a different folder
on the local hard drive.

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Basic Features
The following is a detailed explanation of the various features provided by Invivo.
DICOM & Invivo File Loading with the File Manager
To open a DICOM data set or Invivo-associated file type (.inv, .amg, apj), first launch the Invivo software.
The File Manager will appear upon startup, allowing you to open the data. If you installed Invivo with PACS
mode please refer to page 27.
Click the Browse File button to manually

search for the data you would like to
open. If you are opening DICOM data,
as shown to the right, simply highlight
one of the .dcm files and click Open. It
does not matter which DICOM file
you choose, just click one and the
software will open all the files within the
data set present in that folder. If you are
opening an Invivo file just click it and
press Open. Invivo files can also be
compressed and opened.

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The File Manager allows you to automatically store and reopen recently viewed cases. This allows for
quicker access to cases. By default, files will be saved in the “Anatomage Cases” folder, located in “My
Documents.” This location can be changed in the Menu Bar → File → Preferences → File Manager.
Invivo allows you to quickly search

through your recent cases by typing
in the Patient Name or Scan Date in
the search fields (shown right). You
can also remove the selected Recent
Cases from your Recent Case List
by selecting the Options... button
and using the additional boxes
(shown below). This will also allow
you to completely clear your Recent
Cases list.
If you close a case and want to reopen another one, click on “File” → “Open” and the File Manager will
appear again.

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Invivo/DICOM File Saving

Invivo provides four options for saving and each type differs
in the size of the saved file and its compatibility with other
software. Choosing “File” → “Save As...” for any file will
present the dialog on the right. Choosing “File” → “Save”
when a DCM file is open will save an INV in the specified
location or simply overwrite the same file if it is of the INV
file type.
Invivo
The following work can be saved as an Invivo file
(.inv).
• Case Information & Patient

Orientation
• Traced Nerves
• Implants & Implant Measurements
• Volume Measurements, Landmarks,
and Annotations
• Images captured within the Gallery
• Sculpting Operations
• †
Models imported from MDStudio
• †
Tracings performed in 3DAnalysis
†
These functions require the installation and activation of additional
software modules.
Click “File” → “Save As...,” browse to the

folder you would like to save, name the file
(default is the patient’s name), then click Save.
The following save dialog box will show up.

Select the default “Full” option for saving
everything without losing any information.
DICOM
When the DICOM file type is chosen, the output
options are either a single lossless DICOM or a
multi-file DICOM (with DICOMDIR)
accompanied with an Invivo workup file
containing workup data and a folder of exported
Gallery images in DCM format.
For single-file DICOMs (Figure 1), the save

dialog will ask for a location to save the files. For
multi-file DICOMs (Figure 2), you will have to
create or choose a folder to save the slices and
DICOMDIR file. The DICOMDIR file presents
the directory of slices to Invivo to accelerate the
loading speed. Figure 1: Single-file DICOM Save Dialog

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The DICOM File Save Option dialog (Figure 3) will present numerous options for saving the file.
Compression will reduce the size of the file (at the cost of increased saving and loading speed),
“Lossless” or “Lossy” determines the quality (amount of data) of the file that is saved. Resampling will
change the resolution by a factor in each orthogonal plane. The workup file description will be used to
differentiate between workup files on PACS.
Figure 3: DICOM File Save Options
Figure 2: Multi-file DICOM Save Dialog
Custom Saving Dialog

Available for Invivo file saving: By selecting the “Customize”
option, the custom saving dialog shows up. In the dialog box,
one can compress the data. For the main volumetric image, you
can select to save it as “LossLess” or “Lossy” compression. With
LossLess compression, the volume is compressed to about
1/3rd – 1/4th of the original size. With the Lossy compression
option, the file size can be dramatically reduced, but the image is
altered. Resampling the data will greatly reduce its size by
combining voxels to reduce the overall voxel count. Rescaling the
image will reduce the number of shades of gray in the image.
You can also choose to selectively compress images in the gallery,
the clinical content (such as implants and nerve tracings), and the
models.
Saving As an Invivo Project File

Click “File” → “Save As Project...” to save the case as an APJ, Invivo Project file. This file will only save changes
made to the original scan data. It requires a reference data (.dcm scan data or .inv file) when opening. If Invivo
cannot locate the reference data, it will ask you to locate the data again. Because it is saving only the changes to the
original, APJ files save much faster than full INV files.

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DICOM File Loading with PACS

If you chose to install the PACS mode of Invivo, upon launch, the PACS File Import window will open instead
of the File Manager. At initial launch, the settings will need to be configured to connect with the database, but this
information will be retained subsequently.
Without installing under PACS mode, this interface can still be accessed by choosing “File” → “Import PACS.”
PACS Configuration
Click Configure to set up the connection to PACS.

Input the appropriate server data and test the
connection to verify the information.
Scans from PACS will be stored locally in the Local

Storage Directory folder while they are open. The
option to delete the files locally after opening them is
available.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) setup can also be

configured.
Once the information is complete, click OK. This

data will be saved until manually reconfigured.
PACS File Loading
Click Query to load the cases stored on PACS. Filter cases using the patient information fields. Select a case from
the Case List and click OK. Invivo will search for any workup files associated with the patient. Select an existing
workup file and click Open or click Cancel to open the raw patient scan.

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PACS File Saving
Click on File → “Export PACS” to save the file onto PACS.

• Configure: Opens the PACS Configuration dialog.
• For descriptions of the different DICOM types, refer to page 25.
• Without installing under PACS mode, this interface can still be accessed by
choosing “File” → “Import PACS.”
Export DICOM & Viewer

This function will create an executable file containing the 3D volume data from the scan that is currently open as
well as a 2D Invivo viewer program. This function is designed to allow the sharing of scan data from an Invivo
user to a non-Invivo user on shareable media such as a CD, DVD, or flash drive. Note that some antivirus
programs may detect the file as a virus due to its executable format.
Burning to CD/Non-burning:
Initiating the export will first prompt
the user to choose to have this
executable file added to the temporary
burn list on the computer. Clicking
Yes will add the files to the temporary
list and clicking No will open the
normal File Save window. For either
option, another dialog will prompt the
user later regarding the compression
and file size of the exported image.
InVivoDental Viewer: Running this

file will initialize the viewer program
and then load the embedded scan data.
The viewer contains Section,
ArchSection, and Gallery functionality.

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Export to CD
This function will export the currently opened scan as a compressed or uncompressed DICOM or a full,
compressed, or customized setting Invivo file. The exported file will be placed in the temporary burn location in
the computer.

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Case Information Display

To display or hide the Case Information for a specific patient, go to the “File” → “Case Info.” Click Anonymize
then click OK to save the changes. For safety, only the patient's name or “Anonymous Patient” can be displayed
and cannot be manually edited.
Image Capture to File

To capture an image of the active display to file, click “View” → “Capture to File.” Browse to the location where
you want to save the image, type the name of the file, choose the file type on the “Save as type” drop-down, and
click Save. The file can be saved as bmp, jpg, or png format. Jpg is the most popular file format for images, but
there is a small amount of color degradation. Bmp preserves the image, but the file size is big. Png is an effective
lossless format that does not degrade the color.

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Image Capture to Gallery

Selecting “Capture To Gallery” will capture an image of the rendering window and save it to the Image List (see
Gallery Tab features for additional information).
Image Capture to an Email

Selecting “Capture To Email” will capture an image of the rendering window and attach it to an email ready to
send. This tool requires e-mail client setup before use (ex: Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird).

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Image Navigation
Below is an explanation showing how to manipulate images in the rendering window with the keyboard and mouse.
Slider Bar Scroll
• Click the mouse cursor over any slider bar (e.g. axial slice, brightness, etc.) and move it to adjust the image.
• Click the slider and keep the mouse cursor in the Control Panel before scrolling the mouse wheel forward or
backward to achieve the image adjustment you like.
Zoom In/Out
• Place the mouse cursor in the center of the image you want to
zoom.
• Hold down the “Control” key + left-button on the mouse.
• While holding down the buttons indicated above, move the mouse
up and down on the screen.
• This shrinks/enlarges the image: Down vertically zooms out. Up
vertically zooms in.
Pan (Shift)
• Place the mouse cursor in the center of the image you want to shift.
• Hold down the “Shift” key + left-button on the mouse.
• While holding down the buttons indicated above, move the mouse any direction
to achieve the desired image displacement.

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Free Rotate
Applicable only for 3D images.
• Place the mouse cursor in the center of the image you want to shift.
Hold down the left-button on the mouse.
• While holding down the left-button, move the mouse in any direction
to achieve the desired rotational position.
Free Rolling
• Hold down the “Space” key + left-button on the mouse.
• While holding down the buttons indicated above, move the mouse up
and down to rotate the image about a central axis.
Increment Rotate
• Use the keyboard arrows ← ↑ ↓ → to rotate the 3D Model 1 degree up, down, right, or left., perpendicular to
the computer screen.
Increment Roll
• Hold down the “Control” key and use the keyboard arrows ← → to rotate the 3D Model 1 degree rolling left
or right about a central axis. Pressing ← → without the Ctrl key pressed will roll the image left or right. Use ↑
↓ to roll the image up or down.

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Anatomical Plane Clipping

• Place the mouse cursor over the center of the image, then scroll
the mouse wheel forward or backward to clip the anatomic plane
as you like (after enabling clipping in the Control Panel).
Scroll Slice
Use when you would like to move through the series of sections when in either
the Section, ArchSection, or Pano views.
• Place the mouse cursor in the center of the image then scroll the mouse
wheel forward or backward to move one section at a time as you advance
through the data slices.
Note: In the ArchSection Tab, you must first create an arch spline to activate this feature.
Move/Rotation Widget
• Superimposition View: Click on either the ring or the arrows circling the patient
and move it in the direction you want the patient to be oriented.
• Model View: Use to move a model through a portion of the volume for
simulation creation. Click on either the ring or the arrows circling the model and
move/rotate it in the direction you want it to move.
3D Restoration Widget
The 3D Restoration widget is designed to maximize visibility in the
renderer and provide a high level of versatility in crown positioning
and sizing. The resizing handles only appear when the camera
perspective is within a range of angles that is relatively orthogonal
to it.
• The rotation circle appears on the same plane as the two
resizing tools that are close to orthogonal to each other and
the camera perspective and feature eight arrows for rotation.
• The red resizing handle can be selected and dragged
toward/away from the crown to reduce/expand the
mesiodistal size of the crown.
• The green resizing handle can be selected and dragged
toward/away from the crown to reduce/expand the height of the crown.
• The blue resizing handle (not shown) can be selected and dragged toward/away from the crown to
reduce/expand the buccolingual size of the crown.
• The crown can be clicked and dragged freely along a plane orthogonal to the camera angle.
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Full Screen Mode and Keyboard Shortcuts

Below is an explanation pertaining to running the software in full screen mode without toolbars and controls.
Switching to Full Screen Mode

From the software menu, select “View” → “Full Screen.” “Full screen stereo” is only applicable for the stereo
display system. To return to the normal screen mode, press the “Esc” key on the keyboard. Full screen is not
applicable to the ArchSection Tab and Implant Tab.
Keyboard Shortcuts at Volume Rendering View

The following keyboard shortcuts are available in the Volume Render view:
Category Keyboard Shortcut Description

1 Inverse Volume Rendering
2 Soft-Tissue 1
3 Soft-Tissue 2
4 Soft-Tissue + Bone 1
5 Soft-Tissue + Bone 2
View Preset
6 Teeth
7 Bone
8 (unassigned)
9 (unassigned)
0 Gray Scale
P Toggles clipping plane on/off
A Axial clipping set
S Sagittal clipping set
C Coronal clipping set
Clipping Control
F Flip the clipping direction
Page Up / Page Down Move the clipping plane
Q Open Free-Sculpt Tool
W Open Point-to-Point Sculpt Tool
Text/Circle/Arrow notations can be copied
Copy/Paste Ctrl+C/Ctrl+V
and pasted
Pressing this key will delete the selected
Delete Del measurement, comment marker, notation,
airway volume, or nerve

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The View Tabs:

Section View Features
The Section View Tab gives the ability to view the X, Y, and Z sections (axial, coronal, sagittal) and user-created, custom sections
simultaneously for 2D visualization, measurements, and the utilization of several image enhancement features. Invivo also integrates
3D functions in the Section View Tab.

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Section: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Section View Tab:
Reset View: Resets the rendering window to the original view size.
Distance Measurement: After selecting this tool, click two points to mark the desired distance. A
number in millimeters will automatically display. Click on the measurement and press the “delete”
key to delete it.
Angle Measurement: After selecting this tool, click the first point, then click the vertex, then click
the last point to create an angle. A number in degrees will automatically display. Click on the
measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
Area Measurement: After selecting this tool, click multiple points along the boundary of the
desired area. Double-click or right-click to end the measurement. A number in millimeters squared
will be automatically display. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
Reorientation: Click this button to re-orient the image. A circle will show up in each section. Grab
the circle and rotate the image to the desired orientation.
Layout: Creates a different layout to your preference. After clicking on the layout icon, a list of
various layout options will appear. Click on the layout of your preference to apply it.
Toggle Cursor Visibility: Turns cursor on and off.
Information Display: Displays or hides case information embedded in the data.
Arrow Notation: Allows an arrow to be drawn on the image.
Circle Notation: Allows a circle to be drawn on the image.
Text Notation: Allows text to be written and edited on the image.

H.U. Measurement: Calculates the HU value of an area within a bounding box. The
measurements will display alongside the rectangle and can also be repositioned by dragging. The
information updates when the box is moved or if the user scrolls.
View Sequence: Allows for the creation of custom camera sequences and AVI file movie
capturing. Refer to the Volume Render View Sequence section (pg. 51) for additional
information and description.
Airway Measurement: This button will open the airway volumetric measurement interface. More
details can be found in the Airway Measurement section (pg. 41).
Warning: Any measurement that is incorrect can lead to surgical complications if diagnosis, treatment plans and/or
actual treatment is based on the incorrect measurements. It is critical for the end user to learn how to perform
measurements correctly and employ proper usage of all measurement tools. Measurement accuracy depends on the
image data and the hardware scanner that generated the image data. The measurement cannot be more precise than the
resolution of the image. Software reports the value based on user-picked points. Due to the nature of medical imaging,
the boundary is not always well defined. The apparent boundary depends on the current brightness and contrast setting.
The boundary may shift as the user makes adjustments to brightness and contrast. The user must understand the
limitation of the measurement value before applying to the patient. If you notice any inconsistencies or software
problems with measurements, or have further questions or concerns about using measurement tools correctly, please
contact us at (408) 885-1474 or email us at [email protected]

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Section: Control Panel

Layout:
• Default: Reset to the original layout.

• Change Layout: Click to choose custom layout.
View Control:
• Brightness & Contrast: Can be adjusted for each of the

presets to enhance your image.
• Rendering Preset (drop-down list): The presets either load
a brightness/contrast setting that is optimized for a
particular tissue type or a color preset.
• Brightness/Contrast Presets: Dental (custom),
Abdomen, Bone, Brain CT, Liver, Lung,
Mediastinum, and Grayscale.
• Color Presets: Allows better visualization of certain
anatomic structures, soft tissue profiles, airway, etc.
The color rendering is only for visualization. The
colors are based on densities but DO NOT represent
the density value of the bone.
• Sharpening Filter: Applies the selected sharpening filter
from the drop-down menu to the 2D slice renderers.
• Slice Thickness: Uses ray sum when reconstructing the
3D image along each orthogonal plane.
Additional View:
• 3D Volume: This option allows 3D volume rendering in

the fourth corner of the window.
• Custom Section: This option allows for the creation of a
custom section.
Custom Section:
• Click Create to start a custom section. By clicking two

points, a customized section can be created on any cross
section to better visualize anatomy along that axis. The
custom section can be navigated by clicking and dragging
the arrows to rotate, the endpoints to lengthen, or the
center point to drag the entire section freely.
• Delete: Removes the custom cross section made in the rendering window.
• Slice Thickness: Adjusts the slice thickness of the custom section. Slice thickness can also be
adjusted using the circular handles flanking the center of the section.
Image Info:
• Dimension, resolution, and field of view size are summarized.

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Pointer Coordinates:
• IJK or XYZ: coordinates give the user the ability to examine the coordinate of the cursor upon the
absolute coordinate system.
• Scalar Value is the gray scale value of the voxel pointed by the cursor pointer. H.U. or Hounsfield
unit, is an approximate value of the voxel calculated by “Rescale Slope” and “Rescale Intercept” in
DICOM information. H.U. value approximations may not be as accurate if your CT hardware calibration is off.
Contact your hardware manufacturer for more information about H.U. accuracy.
Save View Settings
• Saves the current 2D View settings to be reloaded upon opening any case. See the Display
Preferences section in Preferences (pg. 19) for more information on which settings are saved for
this specific tab.

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Section: Rendering Window

This window allows viewing of the X, Y, and Z sections (axial, coronal, sagittal) and custom sections or a 3D view
simultaneously. This allows the clinician to have very accurate 2D visualization and 2D measurements.
There are three ways to navigate the image:
Scroll wheel: Move mouse pointer to the desired cross section. Use the scroll wheel to move the slice up
and down.
Cursor: Grab one of the cursors (axial, sagittal or coronal). Move the cursor in the desired direction. The
corresponding image will be updated.
Center Circle: Pick a point inside the center circle. Move the circle in the desired direction. The other two
images will be updated.
Zoom: Click and hold the left-click mouse button on the image and the “Ctrl” key on the keyboard. Drag
the mouse cursor up and down to zoom in and out.
Pan: Click and hold the left-click mouse button on the image and the “Shift” key on the keyboard. Drag the
mouse cursor to move the image.

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Section: Airway Measurement
Airway Measurement: Selecting the icon will prompt the dialog box below. Click OK to continue.
Tracing the Profile:

• Use the scroll-wheel to locate the mid-sagittal
plane.
• Pick points along the airway in the sagittal section
to define your measurement path with the left-
click button.
• Right-click when finished.
Viewing the Volume Measurement:

• Invivo will convert your profile tracing into a
volume rendering and superimpose it onto the
scan data. An isolated airway can be examined in
the variable window.
• The minimum cross-sectional area and total
volume are displayed next to the airway
measurement.
• Graphs of the RL and AP distance as well as the
cross-section area are displayed. Individual values
can be obtained by clicking on the graphs.
• The airway volume and measurement values can
be deleted by left-clicking once on the airway, then
pressing “delete” on the keyboard.
Important: The measurement values may not be true anatomical volumetric measurements. Due to the nature of the
imaging, there are imaging artifacts such as white noise, scattering, beam hardening, ring noise or off scale H.U. The
software measurement tool cannot distinguish the imaging artifact from the true anatomy. Furthermore, the
measurement value depends on threshold values; thus, user must set proper thresholds to get the best estimate of the
desired structure. The measurements must not be used as the sole metric for any treatment.

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Section: Light Box
Change Layout has the option to change

the Section view format to a “Light Box”
style.
• The Light Box is composed of 4-32

sections of either axial, sagittal, or
coronal views.
• The user may also define the Slice

Interval by selecting a drop-down
option between 0.1-20.0mm or by
manually entering a number within
that interval on the keyboard.

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Volume Render View Features

The Volume Render Tab shows the patient in three-dimensionally reconstructed views and allows you to explore the internal
structures and never-before-seen views of the patient.

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Volume Render: Toolbar

Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Volume Render View Tab:
Left View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing left sagittal.
Left ¾ View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing 45° left sagittal.
Front View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing the front.
Right ¾ View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing 45° right sagittal.
Right View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing right sagittal.
Top View: Automatically orients the volume so you are oriented above the patient.
Bottom View: Automatically orients the volume so you are oriented below the patient.
Back View: Automatically orients the volume to the posterior view.
Quick Zoom: Click the zoom icon, then the point on the volume to zoom in. Use Reset View icon
to go back to normal size.
Quick Slice: Once activated, clicking on a point on the volume will open a 2D zoom window in
that location. The zoom window can be scrolled through using the mouse wheel.
Freehand Sculpture: Freely outline an area and remove the volume perpendicular to the plane of
the screen. The volume inside or outside the selection can be chosen by clicking in the respective
areas.
Polygon Sculpture: Outline an area by placing a series of points and right-clicking. The volume
perpendicular to the plane of the screen will be removed. The volume inside or outside the selection
can be chosen by clicking in the respective areas.
Marker: Select this option to mark a point on the volume and X,Y,Z coordinates (axial, sagittal,
vertical) will appear. Clicking on the point and moving the cursor can modify points. Click on the
point and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features allow the values to be hidden or
exported to a report.
Distance Measurement: Select this option and mark two points on the volume and distance will
appear. Clicking on the point and moving the cursor can modify points. Click on the measurement
and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features allow the values to be projected to 2D,
hidden, or exported to a report.
Angle Measurement: Select this option and mark three points on the volume and the angle
between them will appear. Clicking on their control points and moving the cursor can modify
measurements. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control
features allow the values to be projected to 2D, hidden, or exported to a report.

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Polygonal Measurement: When selected you may mark an unlimited number of points on the
volume and the total between the first point and the last point will appear. Right-click your mouse to
indicate that you have marked your last point. Clicking on the point and moving the cursor can
modify points. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control
Volume Measurement: This button will open the volumetric measurement window.
Airway Measurement: This button will open the airway volumetric measurement interface. More
details can be found in the Airway Measurement section (pg. 50).
Comment Marker: Pick a point in the volume and enter comments. Enter the text you would like
to appear in the Insert Comment window and press OK.
Quick Measurement: Click to activate a ruler at the tip of the cursor. Click again to turn off.
Grid: Toggles between four different grid layouts for simple assessment of size, measurement, and
spatial location.
Patient Orientation: Click to change patient orientation.
Information Display: Displays or hides case information embedded in the scan data.
Setup View: Allows option to view either parallel or perspective views in 3D. For Airway
Measurement, you can set the threshold and displayed color range.
capturing. Refer to the View Sequence description in the Volume Render View section (pg. 51)

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Volume Render: Control Panel

Rendering:
You can select different methods of rendering to suit your
needs.
• Method: “Performance” is fast but there are some
rendering artifacts. “Quality” gives the highest level of
detail, but response is slower. “Default” is in between the
other two options.
• Reconstruction: There are three possible reconstruction
methods: Volume Rendering, Maximum Intensity
Projection, and X-ray.
View Control:
• Color Presets: Gray Scale, Inverse, Soft Tissue 1, etc. allow
better visualizations of certain anatomic structures, soft
tissue profiles, airway, etc. This is achieved by displaying
specific densities with specific colors.
• Opacity: Allows for the translucency/opacity to be
adjusted.
presets to enhance the image.
Clipping:
• Click the “Enable Clipping” box to slice the image along

the predefined anatomical planes (sagittal, axial, coronal,
and arch).
• Scrolling the mouse wheel or slider bar will move the
clipping plane.
• To switch a view to the opposite side, click “Flip.”
Measurement:
• Once landmarks or measurements are defined, the text can

be edited in the edit box.
• Measurements can be projected as 2D values or hidden by
clicking the appropriate box.
• Delete All will delete all measurements within the
rendering window.
• Report exports the values and annotations to a .CSV file
for viewing and/or performing computations as a
spreadsheet.
Annotation:
• Edits selected comment/annotation in the text field.

• You can toggle added comments on/off by selecting “Visible.”
• Layout: Sorts all added comments in the rendering window based on selected setting (Horizontal,
Stick to Point, User Dragged, Vertical, Vertical Even Distributed, Vertical Round Distributed).

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Volume Render: Patient Orientation

The reorientation tool provides the user a way to orient the volume
through each orthogonal view (sagittal, coronal, axial) using references
lines. It also provides the only method in the program (besides using the
3DAnalysis plug-in) to reset the image to the default coordinate system
after reorientations in Section, Volume Render, ArchSection, or TMJ.
• After selecting the reorientation icon in the toolbar, left-click

and drag each reference line to the approximate proper location
on the volume (ex. Frankfort Horizontal in sagittal view).
• Left-click and drag the rotation handles to rotate the volume to

match the reference line. Continue through each view until the
desired orientation is achieved.

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Volume Render: Render Window

One of the most powerful features of Invivo is the remarkable rendering quality and speed at which the software
works. The simplicity of this window is that it only displays the volume, patient information (if desired), and the
opacity, brightness and contrast values.
Please refer to Image Navigation (pg. 32) for information about controlling
and adjusting these images.

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Volume Render: Volume Measurements
The Volume Measurement interface allows you to estimate displaced volume (cc or cubic millimeters) of a
specific anatomical structure. You must first perform sculpting operations to isolate the desired anatomical
structure.
Then, press the Volume Measurement button. The new window will open and the volumetric
measurement value will be displayed. Finally, you can adjust the threshold values to obtain desired
measurements. The volume measurement function is linked to rendering; the Inverse rendering preset can
be used to take volumetric measurements of air.
measurement values depend on threshold values; thus, user must set proper thresholds to get the best estimate of the

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Volume Render: Airway Measurement
Airway Measurement: Selecting the icon will prompt the dialog box below. Click OK to continue.
Tracing the Profile:

• Use the scroll-wheel to locate the mid-sagittal
plane.
• Pick points along the airway to define your
measurement path with the left-click button.
• Right-click when finished.
Viewing the Volume Measurement:

• Invivo will convert your profile tracing into a
volume rendering and superimpose it onto the scan
data.
• The minimum cross-sectional area and total volume
are displayed next to the airway measurement.
• The color range and threshold can be adjusted by
selecting the Setup View icon in the Toolbar:
• The measurement data can be hidden by checking
the box for “Hide All Values” in the Control Panel.
• The airway volume and measurement values can be
deleted by left-clicking once on the volume, then
pressing “delete” on the keyboard.
measurement value depends on threshold values; thus, user must set proper thresholds to get the best estimate of the

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Volume Render: Movie Capturing and Customized View Sequences
View Sequence:
• Allows you to create your own sequences by clicking
on Insert for each step you want the volume to
move in your sequence.
o If you want a movie that spins left to right,
and then turns up for a submental view, you
would add a new frame for each step and the
video capture of it will connect the positions in
a seamless movie.
• You can integrate multiple, different rendering
presets so that it switches not only in sequence, but
also in colorizations.
• Video sequences can be saved for future use and
then loaded using the Load and Save buttons under
Sequence File.
• Click on VIDEO Capture to open a dialog to
customize and save the movie file.
Movie Capture:
The VIDEO Capture button allows you to customize, capture
and export an AVI (movie) file of the volume rendering sequence.
• Select Change to determine the AVI file name and

save location.
• Various codecs that are on your computer can be
used to capture the movie at different qualities. If
you experience any trouble with the video quality, a
different codec may be better.
• Set your frames/view and frames/sec to desired
value.
o More frames/view will make the video
smoother.
o More frames/sec will make the video run
faster.
• Add an ending logo by selecting Browse and
choosing an image file to display at the end of your
video.
o Select “Add Logo” to add the ending image.
o Set your duration and background color.
• Click Capture once everything is set up to
automatically export the video to the specified
location with the specified name.

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ArchSection View Features

ArchSection View is a sectional image exploration view. Instead of conventional X-Y-Z sections, this view allows the user to review
the image in dentally meaningful perspectives using multiple cross sections, traversing the lengths of the dental arches.

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ArchSection: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the ArchSection Tab:
Reset View: Resets the window to the original view.
Create Arch Spline (Focal Trough): After selecting this tool, you can create a new arch spline or
edit an existing arch spline. First, left-click on the point you would like to start and continue adding
points by left-clicking. After you have marked your final point, right-click or double-click to finalize
the arch spline. When modifying an existing arch spline, drag the control points to the desired
positions.
Arch Spline (Focal Trough) Ruler: Places ruler along the arch spline for easy reference.
number in millimeters will automatically display.
measurements. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
will be automatically display. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
modify points. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
Layout: Creates a different layout to your preference. After clicking on the layout icon, a list a
various layout options will appear. Click on the layout of your preference to apply it. These options
allow for different case workup images.
Show/Hide Implant/Cursor/Nerve: Conceals or displays cursors.

capturing. Refer to the Volume Render View Sequence (pg. 51) section for additional
Slice Capture Mode: Opens the Slice Capture Manager to enable the capture of slices or
groups of slices from a series of cross sections. Requires the creation of a slice group in the

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Report Tab and an activated Report module.

Select Region: Calculates the HU value of an area within a bounding box. The measurements
will display alongside the rectangle and can also be repositioned by dragging.

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ArchSection: Control Panel

Layout:
• “Screen” layout is optimized for viewing the image on
the computer screen. “Print Out” layout is optimized
for printing the image on paper. With Print Out layout,
what you see on screen will be printed on the paper in
life-size. First, capture to Gallery, then print from
Gallery to ensure the image is life size.
• Change Layout allows you to adjust the layout with
different amounts of slices and orientations.
Vertical Range and Orientation:
• “Adjust Range and Orientation” will switch to a mode
allowing for the adjustment of the upper and lower
limit of pano and cross sections. You can also reorient
the image in this view.
Cross Section:
• Width: Cross-section width.
• Interval: Distance between the subsequent cross
sections.
• Thickness: Allows for the cumulative thickness of the
slices to be viewed in the cross sections.
• Auto R-L: This will allow the cross section to be
oriented to a consistent R-L orientation on the screen.
If turned off, the cross-section orientation will be
consistent to the arch spline.
Panoramic Image:
• Slice mode will show you a single cross section along
the panoramic curve (yellow).
• X-ray will show the ray sum (reconstructed x-ray) in the
focal trough. Slice mode is used for drawing the nerve.
• Tru-Pan™: This option enables the one-click volumetric pan that can be created from scans taken by
an i-CAT© Cone Beam 3D system. (This setting is only displayed in the Control Panel when a Tru-
Pan™ case is currently loaded.)
View Control:
• Brightness and Contrast allow you to adjust the image.
• The All drop-down allows you to adjust brightness/contrast in different areas independently.
• Different Color Presets can be used to view the images in color.
• Sharpening Filter applies the selected sharpening filter from the drop-down menu to the 2D slice
renderers.

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Nerve Pathway:
• New Nerve: Starts a new nerve tracing.
• Modify: Allows editing of the selected nerve tracing.
• Visibility: Controls the visibility of the nerve in the section and X-ray renderers.
• Nerve Node: Select a specific node for modification.
• Diameter: Selects the diameter of the nerve that has been traced or a specifically selected node.
• Delete: Deletes the last placed node during the tracing or the entire nerve if Modify is active.
Save View Settings

Saves the current 2D View settings to be reloaded upon opening any case. See the Display Preferences
section in Preferences (pg. 19) for more information on which settings are saved for this specific tab.

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ArchSection: Creating A Nerve Pathway

Creating a Nerve Pathway (e.g. Inferior Alveolar by following the mandibular canal to its exit).
• Click New Nerve.
• Left-click the mouse where you want the nerve to start.
• Move the mouse to the next point along the nerve path and left-click again.
• Click Delete to remove the last-placed node if it is mispositioned.
• Repeat this procedure for the entire length of the nerve.
• 2.0mm is the default diameter of the nerve pathway, but you may adjust it for your preference.
• Press Done to finish.
Editing a Nerve Pathway

• Click on a nerve tracing to select it. This highlights it in a brighter red color.
• Set the Nerve Node drop-down menu to “All” or a specific node.
• If “All” is selected, the entire nerve tracing’s diameter can be adjusted.
• If a single node is selected, it will be highlighted in the scan, and its diameter and position may be adjusted
independently. The nerve node diameter is adjusted in the Diameter drop-down menu. The highlighted node
can be moved by clicking and dragging it across the scan.
Deleting a Nerve Pathway

• The Delete button can be used if a point was plotted in the wrong spot; it will delete the last point added.
• Once a nerve has been completed and Done has been clicked, the nerve can be deleted by clicking on it and
pressing the “delete” key on the keyboard or the Delete button.
• Visibility will turn the nerve on or off from view.
Warning: Any nerve that is traced in a way that does not conform to the actual pathway of the nerve can lead to surgical
complications if diagnosis, treatment plans and/or actual treatment is based off of the incorrect tracing. It is critical for the end
user to learn how to properly perform nerve tracings correctly. If you notice any inconsistencies or software problems with nerve
tracing or have further questions or concerns about nerve tracing, please contact Anatomage support at (408) 885-1474 or email
us at [email protected]

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ArchSection: Rendering Window
Arch Cursor: Notice the green, orange, and brown coordinate indicators. These ArchSection coordinate
indicators show where you are spatially located within the ArchSection modeling window.
• Cross Section Indicator: The green lines give the location of the cross sections along the arch spline.
• Axial Slice Indicator: The orange line shows the axial coordinate position within the section.
• Arch Spline: The brown spline in the center of the arch spline represents the current position where the arch
section has moved.
• Cross Section: Mouse scrolling within any one of the three sagittal frames advances the slices to the patient’s
right or left and causes the green coordinate indicator to move anteriorly or posteriorly in the axial and pano
sections simultaneously.
• Axial Section: Mouse scrolling within the axial section advances the sections superiorly or inferiorly and
causes the red coordinate indicator to move superiorly or inferiorly in the cross or pano sections
simultaneously.
• Pano Section: Mouse scrolling within the coronal frame advances the slices buccally or lingually and causes
the brown coordinate indicator to move buccally or lingually in the axial and cross sections simultaneously.

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Implant View Features

The Implant View Tab allows you to access the full-featured implant planning module.

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Implant: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Implant View Tab:
Reset Views: Resets the rendering window to the original view.

and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features in Volume Render Tab allow the values
to be projected to 2D, hidden, or exported to a report.
features in Volume Render Tab allow the values to be projected to 2D, hidden, or exported to a
report.
Insert Implant: To place an implant, first click the Add Implant icon, select the Tooth ID for the
implant, then left-click the mouse on the spot that you want the implant to be placed. Note: specific
manufacturers measure the implant from different points, so a measurement in the software might
not be the same as the actual measurement of the specific implant design.
Show Implant Angle Dialog: Opens a window displaying all the angles between placed implants.
Change Layout: Toggles the rendering window layout.
Create Summary: Creates an Implant summary of images that is added to the Gallery. Images
contain ID (FDI), implant product, diameter, and length information in the lower right hand corner
of the screenshot. The user will also be given an option to print a reference chart which lists the
implants placed (including implant site, manufacturer, product name, diameter and radius) for each
arch.

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Toggle Grid: Toggles between two different grid layouts for use in the upper two section frames
allowing quick assessment of measurements and spatial location.
Toggle Move Widget: Toggles the implant orientation widget on and off.
Change Model Visibility: Allows various models to be turned on or off from view.
Treatment Lock: Locks the implants in place so that they are not accidentally moved when
viewing the 3D images.
Preferences: Allows you to adjust the different rendering, color, and visibility preferences.
Density Profile Control: Adjust the settings for the displayed density profile around planned
implants.
Check Sleeves: The program will search for collisions between the sleeves, instruments, and stone
models.
Generate View Sequence: Opens a dialog that provides view sequence presets to create a video.
Visualize Bone Graft Volume: Simulates a bone graft near the apex of an implant and displays its
volume.
Warning: Any implant planning that is performed incorrectly in any aspect including but not limited to implant location,
orientation, angle, diameter, length, and/or manufacture can lead to surgical complications if diagnosis, treatment plans and/or
actual treatment is based off of the implant planning error(s) in question. It is critical for the end user to learn how to use the
implant treatment planning tools correctly. If you notice any inconsistencies or software problems with implant planning or have
further questions or concerns about correct utilization of implant planning, please contact Anatomage support at (408) 885-1474
or email us at [email protected]

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Implant: Control Panel

Add Single Implant:
• Click to add single implant to the 3D volume.
• Adjust the implant orientation and placement using the
move widget that appears on the selected implant.
Planning Layout:
• 3D Implant: Place and adjust individual implants on 3D
volume.
• Pano Implant: Add multiple implants using the Pano view,
select “3D Implant” to exit Pano view, and re-adjust
individual implants.
Restoration:
• Add All: Adds default restorations to all the implants.
• Remove All: Removes all restorations.
• Edit: Transfers the current progress to the Restoration
Tab for advanced crown placement and design. See the
Implant: Advanced Restoration Design section (pg. 70)
for more information.
• Lock to Implant: When selected, the implant and
restoration will move as a single unit.
View Presets:
• Setup: Opens a dialog where the view presets can be
configured.
• Presets: Preset toggles that display the selected features as
configured in the Setup.
• Upper/Lower: Toggles the visibility of the stone models
if present.
Volume Rendering:
• Rendering Types: Different settings allow for better
visualization of certain anatomic structures, soft tissue
profiles, hard tissue, etc. This is achieved by displaying
specific densities with specific colors.
• Visible: Allows the 3D Volume Rendering to be turned on or off from view.

• Remove Crown: Only applicable with surgical guide-related modeling service options.
• Tru-Pan™: This option enables the one-click volumetric pan that can be created from scans
taken by an i-CAT© Cone Beam 3D system. (This setting is only displayed in the Control Panel
when a Tru-Pan™ case is currently loaded.)
• Sharpening Filter: Applies the selected sharpening filter from the drop-down menu to the 2D
slice renderers.

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Clipping:
Click the “Enable Clipping” box to slice the image along the predefined anatomical planes (sagittal, axial,
coronal, and arch). Scrolling the mouse wheel or moving the slider bar will move the clipping plane. To switch
a view to the opposite side, click “Flip.”
Implant:
The implant section can be configured to only show specific implants as defined by the user. For more
information, look at the Preferred Implant settings further in this section.
• ID: Use the drop-down menu to select an implant to manipulate. The active implant will appear
lighter in color than the others.
• Manufacturer, Product Name, Diameter, and Length: The default is generic, but you may select a
specific implant manufacturer, diameter and length.
Save View Settings
Saves the current 2D view settings to be reloaded upon opening any case. See the Display Preferences
section in Preferences (pg. 19) for more information on which settings are saved for this specific tab.

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Implant: Rendering Window
Used for more precise control and final detailed touches to implant treatment planning. Using the navigation
discussed below, you can visualize all aspects of the implant in the 3D volume. For further information on implant
position and sizing using the implant widgets, please refer to the next section of the manual. Once an implant is
added, it will also appear in the Volume Render View.
Axial Section: Top left window. This section is the view from the top of the implant. The yellow line passing
through the axis creates the view seen in the sagittal view. Scrolling the mouse wheel after clicking inside the axial
window, or clicking and dragging the line will change the cross section seen in the sagittal view as the line rotates
about the axis of the implant. Asymmetrical (STL) implants can be rotated about the long axis in this view (see
the next section).
Sagittal Section: Middle left window. This section is the view from the side of the implant. The A-B line
passing through the implant creates the cross-section view that appears in the axial view and is set by default to
be positioned at the level of the implant emergence point. Scrolling the mouse wheel after clicking inside the
sagittal window, or clicking and dragging the line will change the cross section seen in the axial view. The implant
widget in this view allows for quick resizing of implant length and diameter (see the next section).
Density Profile: Lower left window. Displays a real-time visualization of the volume density immediately
surrounding the implant.
Volume Rendering: Right window. This frame allows user to change the implant position and orientation with
the orientation widget within the 3D volume rendering.

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Implant: View Preset Setup

Visibility presets allow for easy switching between set views during implant planning. To configure these settings,
click on Setup. These presets may also be modified in the Restoration Tab.
• Edit Name: Click on any preset to select it. Type the

new name into the field.
• Visibility checkboxes hide or show features in the
rendering window.
• Implant Profile: Controls the visibility of the solid
implant cross section in the 2D renderers. When
activated, the currently selected implant will have a red
profile and the unselected implants will have blue
profiles. When not activated, the selected implant will
show an opaque cross section of the implant and the
unselected implants will show as blue profiles.
• Abutment: Controls the visibility of the abutment 3D model in the volume renderer or the colored
profile in the 2D slice renderers.
• Waxup: Controls the visibility of the profiles in the 2D renderers and 3D models on the volume.
Option is only available after they have been added by an Anatomage technician as part of a surgical
guide case workup.
• Long Axis: Displays a colored rod running through the long axis of the implant in the volume render.
• Surrounding: Displays the surrounding volume around an implant. The collision zone is determined by
the allowance defined in the preferences.
• Trajectory: Displays the simulated trajectory of the implant during surgical placement.
• Sleeve: Controls the visibility of the profiles in the 2D renderers and 3D models on the volume. Option
is only available if the mandibular and maxillary models are available as well as after the Check Sleeve
action has been performed.
• Nerve: Displays a 3D nerve in the volume render or a cross section of the nerve in the 2D section
renderers.
• Angle: Controls the visibility of the angle between the long axes of adjacent implants as well as the
angles of the abutment for each implant.
• Model: Controls the visibility of the stone models. Varying degrees of transparency can be obtained
with the Opacity slider bar.
• Restoration: Controls the visibility of the 3D waxup models in the volume renderer and the colored
profile in the 2D section renderer. The colored profile of the selected restoration or restoration
associated with the selected implant will be red while the unselected restorations will be pink. Varying
degrees of transparency can be obtained with the Opacity slider bar.
• Volume: Controls the visibility of the volume render as well as the rendering type.

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Implant: Model Visibility
The Change Model Visibility function will open the

Model Object Settings dialog.
• The “Mandible” and “Maxilla” checkboxes control all
of the model visibility options (except Profile Only
and Density) and allow the user to turn off the set of
models for each jaw independently. Note: The visibility
checkboxes in Model Object Settings will not always match the
checked/unchecked status of the visibility checkboxes in the
Control Panel.
• The Stone Model and Waxups Opacity can be
adjusted for both jaws.
Implant: 3D Implant Widget
The 3D implant widget is designed to optimize visibility in the

renderer and provide a high level of versatility in implant positioning.
The linear, colored arrows can be dragged to reposition the implant
transversely. These arrows only appear when the camera perspective is
close to orthogonal. The implant may also be moved along these
directions using the keyboard arrow keys.
• The yellow arrow (not shown) is parallel to the A-B line.
• The blue arrow is orthogonal to the green and yellow arrows.
• The green arrow runs through the long axis of the implant.
• The rotation circle appears on the same plane as the two arrows that
are close to orthogonal to each other and to the camera perspective
and features eight handles for rotation.
Implant: 2D Implant Widget
The 2D implant widget is designed to optimize visibility in the slice
renderer and provide a high level of versatility in implant positioning and
sizing. The implant may also be moved along its long axis or orthogonally
with the keyboard arrow keys.
• The rotation circle has eight arrows for implant rotation along the
same plane as the currently displayed slice.
• The two red handles can be selected and dragged toward/away from
the implant to reduce/expand the diameter of the implant
sequentially through any available options for that implant model.
• The two blue handles can be selected and dragged toward/away from
the implant to reduce/expand the length of the implant sequentially
through any available options for that implant model.
• The implant model itself can be selected and dragged in any direction
along the same plane as the currently displayed slice.
• A rotation circle appears when the product cross section is selected
that allows for implant rotation about the long axis of asymmetrical
(STL) implants in the top left section renderer. Please contact
Anatomage for an updated list of asymmetrical (STL) implants.
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Implant: 3D Implant Planning
• In the View Control, click the Add Single Implant button.

• The implant ID dialog will show up (image below).
• Select implant ID to be inserted. Press OK, and a new implant will appear on the mouse pointer.
• Drag and drop the implant in 3D view onto the surgical site. (It helps to have the volume rotated so that the
surgical site is centered.)
• In axial view, align the yellow line such that the below cross-section view becomes the view along mesiodistal
direction.
• In cross-section view, re-orient and position the implant so that its angle is as desired.
• In axial view, align the yellow line such that the cross-section view becomes the view along the buccolingual
direction.
• In cross-section view, re-orient and position the implant so that its angle is as desired.
• Review the final implant position in 3D view.
o To delete an implant, select the desired implant in the 3D view and press the “delete” key on the
keyboard. The implant will be removed.
A similar procedure can be done to add anchor pins to your 3D volume. Select which anchor pin you would like
to add and follow similar steps for adjusting its position.

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Implant: Pano Implant Planning
• Select Planning Layout: Pano Implant under

the View Controls in the Implant Tab.
• Rendering window updates to pano view (left).
• Adjust the ArchSection focal trough such that
the middle profile passes through the
dentition.
• Drag implants to their desired locations and
adjust their angles.
• Click to select implants and manipulate them
in the cross sections.
• Click the nodes above the implant identification numbers and connect them with other implants to
create parallel implant groups. Remove the implants from these groups by clicking on the nodes again.
• Repeat for all desired implants.
• Select Planning Layout: 3D Implant to exit Pano-Mode and further adjust individual implants.

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Implant: Bone Graft Simulation
• Select the implant that requires a bone graft and click the Visualize bone graft volume tool .
• The graft simulation tool will appear as an arc that moves along the central axis of the implant in the
cross section.
• Click to place the graft in the desired position.
• The resulting graft will appear in the 2D sections in blue and in the volume rendering in off-white.
• The volume of the graft will be displayed in the volume rendering.
• The graft can be deleted by clicking on it to select it and pressing the “delete” key on the keyboard.
Important: The measurement values may not be true anatomical volumetric measurements. Due to the nature of the imaging,
there are imaging artifacts such as white noise, scattering, beam hardening, ring noise or off scale H.U. The software measurement
tool cannot distinguish the imaging artifact from the true anatomy. Furthermore, the measurement value depends on threshold
values; thus, user must set proper thresholds to get the best estimate of the desired structure. The measurements must not be used
as the sole metric for any treatment.
Warning: Any measurement that is incorrect can lead to surgical complications if diagnosis, treatment plans and/or actual
treatment is based on the incorrect measurements. It is critical for the end user to learn how to perform measurements correctly
and employ proper usage of all measurement tools. Measurement accuracy depends on the image data and the hardware scanner
that generated the image data. The measurement cannot be more precise than the resolution of the image. Software reports the
value based on user-picked points. Due to the nature of medical imaging, the boundary is not always well defined. The apparent
boundary depends on the current brightness and contrast setting. The boundary may shift as the user makes adjustments to
brightness and contrast. The user must understand the limitation of the measurement value before applying to the patient. If you
notice any inconsistencies or software problems with measurements, or have further questions or concerns about using
measurement tools correctly, please contact us at (408) 885-1474 or email us at [email protected]

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Implant: Advanced Restoration Design

Invivo features advanced restoration design functions located in the Restoration Tab (see the Restoration
section for more information on this tab, pg. 77). Compatibility between files saved in different Invivo
versions will cause certain behaviors that accommodate this new functionality, as described below:
Scenario: Consequence:
1. Opening an Invivo file containing a 1. The Implant tab will display these restorations
restoration workup from any earlier version: as they were last saved. Upon going to the
Restoration tab, the program will attempt to
convert the original restorations into crowns
from the new library. If the user chooses not
to convert the restorations (No), they will be
brought back to the Implant tab.
2. Opening an Invivo file saved in Invivo 5.3 2. The earlier version of Invivo will not be able
or a later version with an implant and to display the restoration crowns in the
restoration workup in earlier versions of Implant or Model Tabs.
Invivo:
3. Opening an Invivo file saved with implants 3. The implant workup will be loaded, and the
from any earlier version, but no user will be able to add restorations from the
restorations: Restoration teeth library.
Implant: Adding Restorations
Restorations can be added directly to all the implants

using the Add All button. A default restoration will
be placed on each implant that does not yet have a
restoration. The Remove All button will remove all
the placed restorations. The Edit button will present
the option to do further editing in the Restoration
Tab. Locking the restorations to implant will
automatically move the restorations when the
implants are moved. Restorations may also be added,
edited, or removed in the Restoration Tab (see
Restoration section for more information, pg. 77).
The Restoration Tab view is synchronized with the
Implant Tab view for ease of editing between the
two tabs.

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Implant: Check Sleeves
The Check Sleeves function can be performed to determine the position of where sleeves would be if a
surgical guide was produced for implant placement. This function will simulate possible collisions that may occur
between:
• Sleeves and other sleeves
• Sleeves and the instrument
• Sleeves and the stone model
• Instrument and the stone model
Interference: Demonstrated visually by a dark red-colored sphere. These interference indicators are not
updated in real-time and will only be rechecked after each instance that Check Sleeves is performed.
Check Sleeve Interference: The user can

change certain preferences to better simulate
the actual procedure that will be performed,
such as sleeve system, instrument, sleeve size,
and drill. Solution options are to change
implant planning, change sleeve preferences,
or to allow a technician to try to resolve the
interference.
The option to check sleeves will automatically appear when attempting to save Anatomage Surgical Guide
planning files.

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Implant: View Sequencer
• The implant view sequencer is a movie-creating tool that contains both an axial and buccal (shown
above) preset sequence of view positions and rotations.
• The sequence is adapted to be used with any case and immediately played as a preview.
• A movie file (.avi) that resembles the preview can be captured.
View Sequencer
Animation
• Animate: Set the sequence to animate the placement of
implants, abutments, and restorations.
• Clipping: Set the sequence to include the preset
clipping actions.
Camera
• Orientation: Set the orientation to be axial or buccal.
• Zoom: Set the zoom level of the rendering window
(None, 1.5X, 2.0X).
View Sequence Player
• Slider: Shows the current progress through the video
while allowing navigation through the preview by
clicking and dragging.
• Stop: Stop the preview.
• Play/Pause: Starts the video/pauses the
video/resumes the video.
• Playback speed: Speed of playback (slow, medium,
fast).
• Frames per second: Sets the smoothness of the
preview playback.
• Loop: Sets the preview to loop at the end of playing
the sequence.

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Action
The current view sequence will be captured into a movie file.
Movie File Location
Choose the location to save the file by clicking Change.
Available Codecs Installed In This Computer
Choose from a drop-down list of the available codecs
installed on the computer. Click Configure to choose from
more recording options.
Video Frames and Playing Time
• Seconds/Implant: Length of sequence for displaying
each implant.
• Frames/Sec: Smoothness of the video.
• Total Play Time: Calculates the total play time for the
options selected.
Ending Logo
• Image File: Click Browse to select the location of the
logo file.
• Add Logo: Select the checkbox to add in a logo segment
to the movie.
• Duration: Set the length of time to show the logo.
• Background: Set the background color for the logo
segment.
Capture
Creates a video file from the selected sequence and video recording settings. Click Cancel to exit this
dialog without recording the video.

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Implant: Settings and Preferences
Selecting the Preferences tool opens up a customization window within the Implant Tab:
Tooth ID System:
You can set the ID to either the Universal or FDI(International) standard.
Clipping Preference:
Options for which models to include in volume clipping.
Show Collision Warning:
You can define whether or not to display a proximity warning between implants at an allowed tolerance.
Rendering Method:
Choose which rendering method (Default, Performance, and Quality) you would like to use in the Implant Tab.
Color Control:
Set the various colors for the abutment, restoration, and collision colors.
Detailed Implant Settings:
Adjust default settings for individual implants. See more information below.
Preferred Implants Settings:
Used to modify which implants will be displayed in the drop-down menus in the Control Panel. See more
information in the Preferred Implant Settings section (pg. 75).

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Detailed Implant Settings
When you select Detailed Implant Settings, you are able to adjust the default settings for individual implants in the
Implant Planning Preference Window.
Clicking once anywhere in the

region above will activate drop-
down menus for the various
implant characteristics. Options
will not appear for implants not in the
preferred list (see below).
Click OK to save these preferences and the designated implant will be selected automatically when choosing a tooth in
the Add Single Implant menu.
Preferred Implants Settings
The user can hide certain implants from populating the lists to simplify the drop-down menus. By default, all
implant manufacturers and types are selected as “preferred.” To remove an implant, select it in the list on the
right-hand side and use the left arrow button to remove it from the list.
Settings will take effect in the

drop-down menu options for
Detailed Implant Settings as well
as in the Implant section of the
Control Panel. If there is a case
open with implants that are not in
the preferred list, the implant will
still show up correctly in the
renderers and the Control Panel.
However, the specific settings for
this implant cannot be changed
and implants of the same type
cannot be added.
Adding implants to the preferred list can be accomplished by selecting the implant manufacturer on the list on the
left-hand side, selecting the specific product in the middle column, and pushing the right arrow button to add.

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Density Profile Control
By selecting the Density Profile Control icon you can adjust the settings for the Density Profile.
Visible: Toggles the visibility between the Density Profile and the
third cross section.
H.U.: Shows the bone density in Hounsfield units.
Bone Density: Shows the density in Misch’s bone density units.
Thickness: Changes the sampled volume located around the
implant.
Apical Space: Changes the sampled volume located at the apex of
the implant.
Cell Size: Changes how finely the voxels will be sampled and
displayed in the volume around the implant.

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Restoration View Features

The Restoration View Tab is an advanced tool that bridges the gap between implantology and restoration crown design. Users can
register the stone models and add teeth directly or onto existing planned implants. With the model collision visibility options, numerous
teeth libraries, and mesh editing features, this tab will guide implant surgery toward perfect occlusion.

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Restoration: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Restoration View Tab:
Frontal View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing the front.
and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features in Volume Render Tab allow the
values to be projected to 2D, hidden, or exported to a report.
Angle Measurement: Select this option and mark three points on the volume and angle between
them will appear. Clicking on their control points and moving the cursor can modify
features in Volume Render Tab allow the values to be projected to 2D, hidden, or exported to a
report.
Show Collision: Turns on/off the collision between teeth restorations and the
opposing/working stone models or restorations.
Show inter-arch collision: Turns on/off the visibility of collisions between the stone models.
Area Drag: Turns on the area drag tool in the rendering and the single tooth renderer windows.
Push Mesh: Turns on the push mesh tool in the rendering and the single tooth renderer
windows.
Pull Mesh: Turns on the pull mesh tool in the rendering and the single tooth renderer windows.
Smooth: Turns on the smooth tool in the rendering and the single tooth renderer windows.
Auto collision resolution: Turns on the auto collision tool in the rendering and the single tooth
renderer windows.
Plane Cutter: Activates a polygonal cutting tool to cut and close the mesh of stone models in the
rendering window.
Cap Model: Applies a capping function to the available open mesh stone models.
Tooth extraction: Enables a polygonal mesh cutting tool for use on a stone model in immediate
extraction cases.

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Adjust occlusion: Turns on the stone model adjustment widget for manually moving the stone
models and their dependent restorations in the rendering window.
Articulation: Opens the Articulation dialog to open/close the jaws with a simulated biting
motion.
Toggle Grid: Turns on/off the 2D grid for simple assessment of size, measurement, and spatial
location.

Preferences: Opens the Preferences dialog for selecting color, collision, and default tool size
settings.

Fit to Margin: Opens a dialog to adjust the interface between a restoration and a prepped tooth
on the stone model.
Custom Abutment: Opens a dialog that provides options for abutment design.
Fit to Custom Abutment: Opens a dialog to adjust the interface between a restoration and a
custom abutment.
Create Pontic with Gingiva: Opens a dialog to modify the base of a pontic to fit to or offset
from the stone model.
Create Bridge Connector between Selected Restorations: Creates a bridge linking all of the
selected restorations. This bridge group can be deleted and converted back into the individual
restorations.

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Restoration: Control Panel

Import Stone Models
Initiates a sequence of steps to import and register a stone model.
For more information, see the Restoration: Stone Model
Registration section (pg. 81).
Stone Model Registration
Opens the Register Stone Models to Volume dialog to restart the
registration for the imported stone models.
Restoration Management
• Add New…: Opens the teeth library for restoration selection
and placement.
• Edit…: Opens the teeth library to change the current
restoration selection.
• Delete: Removes the currently selected restoration from the
rendering window.
Restoration Editing
• M-D Size(mm): Adjusts the mesiodistal dimension of the
restoration.
• B-L Size(mm): Adjusts the buccolingual dimension of the
restoration.
• Height Size(mm): Adjust the height of the restoration.
• Cuspid: Adjusts the cusp dimensions from low to high.
Visibility
• Maxilla: Adjust the visibility/opacity of the maxilla.
• Mandible: Adjust the visibility/opacity of the mandible.
• Restoration: Adjusts the opacity of the restorations.
• Setup: Opens a dialog where the view presets can be
configured.
• Presets 1-3: Preset toggles that display the selected features as
configured in the Setup.
Collision
• Teeth: Turns on the visibility of collisions between the
restorations and the opposing/working stone model or
restoration.
• Arch: Turns on the visibility of collisions between the stone
models.
Volume
• Brightness & Contrast: Can be adjusted for each of the presets to enhance your image.
• Visible: Turns on/off the visibility of the DCM volume.
• Axial Clipping: Turns on/off axial clipping and the Axial Clipping widget.
• Rendering (drop-down): Chooses the rendering preset between the options of Teeth and Bone.
• Flip: Flips the clipping direction.
Lock Implant to Restoration: When selected, the implant and restoration will move as a single unit.

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Restoration: Stone Model Registration

The Import Stone Model function will guide you step-
by-step through the importing and registration of upper
and lower stone models. If stone models are already
present in the workup, this function will serve to replace
the existing models.
Step 1: Import Stone Models
• Click Import Stone Models in the Control Panel.
• Choose the .stl or .ply file in the Select Stone Model
File dialog.
• Select the type of model as Upper (maxilla) or Lower
(mandible).
• Move onto the next step. At the end of registration,
click Import Stone Models once more if the
opposing stone model needs to be imported or if a
stone model registration needs to be redone.
Step 2: Select Type of Registration
• Maintain Position: The software will apply the
transformation data from the registration of the
opposing arch to this STL. This option is useful if a
pair of STLs (upper and lower) have been registered
in another program (intraoral scans may have close
bite registration data). In this case, after registering
one STL to the DCM (see Register to CT), the second
STL can be imported and be loaded so that the close
bite registration is restored. This will most likely result
in an incorrect position relative to the DCM scan for
the second STL, since many CBCT scans intended for
implant/restorative workups are taken with open
patient bites.
• Register to CT: This will initiate the first step in
registering the STL file to the DCM. The dialog (right,
lower) shows the three steps needed to complete the
registration. The layout (Figure 1) shows the STL on
the left of the rendering window and the DCM on the
right with the adjacent clipping tool. Click Help to
read the embedded document describing how to
register different cases.
o Clean Scan: Check this option when the
case has little to no scatter. The
registration will use additional points
where selected for a more accurate
registration.
o Restart: Resets the user back to Step 1 in
the dialog.
o Perform Registration: Matches the STL
to the DCM based on the points selected.
o Done: Closes the dialog.
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Figure 1
o After clicking Perform Registration, the user will be brought to a new layout
(Figure 2), which features two volume renderers and three grayscale slice
renderers. Use the yellow arrows in the DCM renderer to center the mid-point
in the correct position at the front of the scan. After verifying this point in the
sagittal grayscale renderer, continue using the other widget arrows and slice
renderers to rotate the STL around this mid-point and achieve the proper
orientation.
Figure 2

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Restoration: Rendering Window & Mesh Manipulation
Single Tooth
Renderer
Rendering
Window
Occlusal
Renderer
(Maxilla)
Occlusal
Renderer
(Mandible)
Rendering Window:
• Displays the stone models, restorations, patient volume, implants, and skin models.
• The restoration can be moved by first left-clicking to select the tooth and then left-clicking and dragging
the model to a new location from any view. The angle in which the tooth is viewed determines the plane
on which the restoration will translate.
• All the mesh editing functions except Auto collision resolution will function in this window.
• Plane cutter, Cap model, Tooth extraction, Adjust occlusion, and Articulation can be performed in
this window.
Single Tooth Renderer:

• The tooth model can be independently rotated and zoomed in this view. Clicking on the D (distal), M
(mesial), B (buccal), or L (lingual) letters will move the restoration in short steps in the selected direction
within the rendering window.
• The tooth library type and tooth number will be displayed in the upper left.
• The color scale at the bottom will indicate the depth of the collision with the opposing stone model
when “Tooth collision” is activated. The interval for depth(mm) is set to 0.1 to 2mm and can be changed
in the Preferences.
• All mesh editing functions including Auto collision resolution will function in this window.
Occlusal Renderer (Maxilla and Mandible):

• These renderers will display the STL models, restorations, and the collisions (depth or boundaries)
between them. It is intended for viewing purposes and the models cannot be zoomed or rotated but
opacity changes will take effect.

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Restoration: View Preset Setup

Visibility presets allow for easy switching between set views during implant planning. To configure these settings,
click on Setup. These presets may also be modified in the Implant Tab.
• Edit Name: Click on any preset to select it. Type the

new name into the field.
Visibility checkboxes hide or show features in the rendering
window.
• Implants: Toggles the visibility of the implants.
• Abutments: Toggles the visibility of the abutments.
• Skin: Toggles the visibility of the face photo wrap from
the Anatomodel workup file or 3DAnalysis.
• Stonemodels: Controls the visibility of the stone models. Varying degrees of transparency can be
obtained with the Opacity slider bar.
• Restorations: Controls the visibility of the 3D waxup models in the volume renderer and the colored
profile in the 2D section renderer. The colored profile of the selected restoration or restoration
associated with the selected implant will be red while the unselected restorations will be pink. Varying
degrees of transparency can be obtained with the Opacity slider bar.
• Volume: Controls the visibility of the volume render as well as the rendering type.

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Restoration: Abutment Planning
• The abutment automatically connects the restoration model with the implant model in the
rendering window.The currently selected abutment will be displayed enlarged on the right side.
Restoration: Abutment Planning Dialog

Abutment Parameters
Top Shape
• Height: Adjusts the length of the abutment.
• M-D Angle: Adjusts the mesiodistal angle.
• B-L Angle: Adjusts the buccolingual angle.
• M-D Size: Adjusts the mesiodistal size.
• B-L Size: Adjusts the buccolingual size.
• Rounding: Adjusts the rounding of the abutment.

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Margin Shape
• M-D Size: Adjusts the mesiodistal size.
• B-L Size: Adjusts the buccolingual size.
• Rounding: Adjusts the rounding of the margin.
• Shoulder: Adjusts the margin between the axial
(abutment) tooth surface and finish line.
• Extrude: Adjusts the size of the finish line shape.
Emergence Profile Shape
• Top Curve: Adjusts the shape of the upper portion

of the abutment base.
• Bottom Curve: Adjusts the shape of the lower
portion of the abutment base.
• Screw Hole: Adds a screw hole that exits through

the top and bottom of the abutment.
• Healing abutment: Replaces the current abutment
with a healing abutment.
• Adjust Hex Edit Angle: Inserts a new widget into
the renderer to allow rotation of the hex.
• Finish Editing Hex Index Angle: Removes the
widget from the renderer.
• Delete Abutment: Removes the selected abutment.
• Abutment Grouping: Opens a dialog where
abutments can be grouped such that their insertion
angles will be parallel.

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Restoration: Crown Types

Crowns for prepped teeth or custom abutments
When using the Fit to Margin tool or the Fit to Custom Abutment tool , the Build Crown dialog will
appear. This dialog allows you to adjust the base of the restoration to interface optimally with the prepped tooth
or abutment.
Cement Gap
• Thickness (mm): The distance between the interior of the
restoration and the top surface of the prepped tooth or
abutment.
• Distance To Margin (mm): The distance between the inner
and outer edge of the restoration at the shoulder.
Undercut/Blockout
• Show undercut regions: Highlights the undercut regions in
red.
• Blockout undercut regions: Removes undercut regions by
adjusting the restoration.
• Align Insertion Axis with Tooth: This option is only
available for prepped teeth. Select the appropriate tooth to
align the insertion axis of the restoration.
Restoration Border
• Width (mm): Width of the restoration border at the
shoulder.
• Angle (deg): Angle of the restoration border.
• Edge (mm): Length of the edge of the restoration border.
• Height (mm): Height of the restoration border.
Enable Margin Editing: This option is only available for prepped teeth. Adjust the margin tracing around the
prepped tooth.
Build Crown: Calculates and updates the shape of the restoration base.
Cancel: Exits the dialog.
Pontics
Pontic restorations will sit a set distance above the stone model can either retain its original design shape or be fit
to the stone model’s surface. Click to select the restoration of interest and then click the Create Pontic with
Gingiva tool .
Offset from gingiva: Distance between the bottom of the restoration and
the stone model.
Type:
• Fitted: The bottom of the restoration will be reshaped to fit the
contour of the stone model.
• Scaled: The restoration size will be scaled such that the bottom is the
appropriate offset distance from the stone model.

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Bridges
Select a set of restorations by “Ctrl” + right-clicking each restoration. Click the Create Bridge Connectors
between Selected Restorations tool to create a bridge.
Choose Yes to create a bridge for reduced crowns. This bridge

will have editable connectors.
Choose No to create a bridge that links the restorations but does

not have connectors.
Restorations cannot be manipulated individually or moved after bridge creation.

If a bridge for reduced crowns was created, each connector may be edited individually. Click on the connector to
select it and open the Bridge Connector Options and display the editable nodes.
Bridge Connector Options
Cross Section Shape: Choose the shape of the cross section of the connector.
End Diameter: Set the diameter of the ends of the connector that contact the
adjacent restorations.
Middle Diameter: Set the diameter of the middle of the connector.

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Restoration: Articulation and Adjust Occlusion

Articulation
For best results, first adjust the occlusion using the
Adjust Occlusion tool . The Articulation
function will determine a closed-bite orientation for
the two STL models and define an occlusal plane.
The STL models can then be opened, closed, or
slid across each other to simulate anatomical jaw
operations. (The closed-bite registration is
determined by a best-fit of the two STLs during
specified interactions.)
Activation of this feature will turn on:

• A widget for editing the position of the
condyles as well as displaying the occlusal plane.
The condyle handles can be left-clicked and
dragged to the correct positions.
• The Articulation dialog box (below).
Articulation Dialog
Condyle Angle
This determines the angle of the plane below the occlusal
plane on which the mandible STL will slide. (Example: if the
Condyle Angle is set to 0 deg, the mandible will slide on the
occlusal plane.)
Movements
• Open/Close Graph: Changes the angle of “jaw” opening
and degree of rotation during the articulation animation.
• Sliding on Occlusal: Slides the mandible along the occlusal
plane with an adjusted angle determined by the Condyle
Angle.
• Left Condyle Sliding: Slides the left condyle forward along
the occlusal plane with an adjusted angle determined by the
Condyle Angle.
• Right Condyle Sliding: Slides the right condyle forward
along the occlusal plane with an adjusted angle determined
by the Condyle Angle.
• Show Occlusal Plane: Displays the blue frame of the
occlusal plane in the rendering window.
Close
Closes the dialog box and returns the STLs and restorations to
the original registered position.

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TMJ View Features

In the TMJ View Tab you can view the TMJ region with two independent focal troughs allowing you to get cross sections of each
TMJ in one view, along with corresponding coronal and axial views. The TMJ View Tab also lets you see the TMJ in 3D volume
renderings with automatic segmentation.

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TMJ: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the TMJ View Tab:
Reset View: Resets the rendering window to the original view.
Create Arch Spline (Focal Trough): Select this tool to create or edit the arch spline. Left-click to
place the first point and continue left-clicking along the arch. After you have marked your final point,
right-click or double-click to finalize the arch spline. When modifying an existing arch spline, drag
the control points to the desired positions.
Arch Spline (Focal Trough) Ruler: Places ruler along the arch spline for easy reference.
the last point to create an angle. A number in degrees will automatically display.
will be automatically displayed.
Layout: Creates a different layout to your preference. After clicking on the layout icon, a list of
various layout options will appear. Click on the layout of your preference to apply it. These options
allow for different case workup images. In this window, you can also choose how many millimeters
you want the cross-section interval to be. If you choose 1.0 mm, for example, there will be a space
of 1.0 mm between each cross section.
Show/Hide Cursor/Implant/Nerve: Conceals or displays cursors.
Condyle Segment: Allows for automatic segmentation of the condyle in 3D.
Fossa Segment: Allows for automatic segmentation of the mandibular fossa in 3D.
Positioning #: Allows for a positioning grid to toggle on/off the cross sections.
capturing. Refer to the Volume Render View Sequence (pg. 51) section for additional

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Slice Capture Mode: Opens the Slice Capture Manager to enable the capture of slices or
groups of slices from a series of cross sections. Requires the creation of a slice group in the
Report Tab. Requires an activated Report module.
Select Region: Calculates the HU value of an area within a bounding box. The measurements
will display alongside the rectangle and can also be repositioned by dragging.

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TMJ: Control Panel

Layout
• “Screen” mode shows the rendering window in full size
but not life size.
• “Print Out” mode shows the image in life size and
allows you to capture and print in life size.
• Change Layout button lets you switch to different layout
orientations.
Vertical Range and Orientation
Select “Adjust” to change the rendered volume range and
orientation.
Lateral Slices
• “Width” allows you to change the width of the slices.
• “Interval” allows you to change the interval between the
cross-sectional slices.
• “Thickness” allows you to add multiple slices together
for ray sum visualizations.
Frontal
• This lets you adjust the view visualizations of the
coronal slices of the TMJ.
o Slice – Gray Scale rendering
o X-ray – X-ray rendering
o Vol1 – Teeth rendering
o Vol2 – Bone rendering
• Using the Thickness drop-down, you can create a ray
sum view.
View Control
• Brightness and Contrast allow you to adjust the image.
• The “All” drop-down allows you to adjust brightness/contrast in different areas independently.
• Color Presets can be used to view the images in different colors.
• Sharpening Filter: Applies the selected sharpening filter from the drop-down menu to the 2D slice
renderers.
Focal Trough
Click on the “Symmetry” box to keep the focal trough angles symmetrical.
Save View Settings

Saves the current 2D View settings to be reloaded upon opening any case. See the Display Preferences
section in Preferences for more information on which settings are saved for this specific tab (pg. 19).

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TMJ: Rendering Window
Arch Spline (Focal Trough) Navigation
• Endpoints: Clicking and dragging either endpoint of the focal trough can shorten/lengthen the
focal trough or rotate the focal trough, depending on the direction that it is dragged.
Warning: Sequence direction depends on the focal trough direction. Medial and lateral may be flipped if the focal trough
angle is in the opposite direction.
• Cross Section Indicators: Clicking and dragging the stack of green lines will scroll the cross sections
through the focal trough in that direction.
• Focal Trough Box: Clicking and dragging any one of the lines forming the shape of the focal trough
will move the entire focal trough.

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TMJ: Layout
Many of the various layout options of the TMJ Tab feature frontal views of the condyle. Some layout
features include:
• Two frontal volume views for each condyle, as seen above.

• Free rotation of the volumes after Vol1 or Vol2 have been activated.
• Sculpting operations carry over from Volume Render: The condyles can be segmented out using
sculpting tools in the Volume Render Tab. These operations are carried over automatically to the
TMJ Tab.

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Super Pano View Features

The Super Pano View Tab gives you the ability to construct and view an enhanced version of a panoramic radiograph, take
measurements, and utilize several image enhancement features. It also has the ability to render a pano into a volumetric 3D image that
can be rotated for greater visual advantages.

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Super Pano: Toolbar

Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Super Pano View Tab:
Create Focal Trough: Sets the boundaries of the Super Pano. A focal trough is automatically set
but can be adjusted or recreated entirely. Use the yellow dots to stretch, widen, or reshape the focal
trough. The focal trough selects only the objects you want to appear in the Super Pano and excludes
others such as the spine, which traditionally appears in panoramic radiographs as background noise.
Grid: Toggles between two different grid layouts for use in all of the section frames allowing quick
assessment of measurements and spatial location.

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Super Pano: Control Panel

Create Pano
• The lower-upper limit is adjusted by left-clicking on a
green line and dragging with the mouse. It specifies the
vertical dimension of the pano that is being created.
• The focal trough is adjusted by left-clicking on the
yellow points and dragging with the mouse. The length,
width, and shape of the focal trough are adjusted to
specify what will appear in the pano.
• A preview is also shown in the rendering window.
• The Create Pano button should be pressed after the
lower-upper limit and focal trough are first adjusted.
Gray Scale Threshold
• This threshold sets the density limit in the pano.
• For noisy images, adjust the threshold so that the noise
does not contribute to the pano.
• Threshold is usually set slightly below bone density.
View Controls
• Pano can be rendered in multiple visualizations.
• Enhanced Gray sharpens Gray Scale rendering.
• By default, Enhanced Gray is selected.
• Brightness & Contrast: Can be adjusted to enhance your
image.
• Inverse: Switches the background to white (switches
coloring for Gray Scale Rendering).
3D Settings
• Enable 3D: Select this feature to render the pano as a
volumetric 3D image. The pano can be rotated, clipped,
etc. like other volumes. (See Image Navigation, pg.
32.)
• Quality: Select this to give the highest level of detail for
the generated pano.
• A traced nerve or placed implant can be toggled on/off
with the “Nerve” and “Implant” boxes.
Clipping
This option is only applicable when 3D Pano is available. Clipping hides some part of the image so that the
internal structure can be visible.
Axial Setup
The slice mode box lets you choose how the focal trough will be shown.

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Super Pano: Rendering Window

Upper-Lower Limit: The lower left box where the vertical parameter of the Super Pano is set. The green lines
indicate the vertical limits. They can be dragged to set the desired upper and lower limit of the Super Pano. When
“Slice Mode” is selected, the red line indicates where the focal trough plane is and can also be adjusted.
Focal Trough: The focal trough is adjusted in the lower middle box. Whatever is contained within it will appear
in the Super Pano allowing the construction of a panoramic x-ray with minimal background noise. The yellow
dots can be left-clicked and dragged to adjust the length, width and shape of the focal trough. The focal trough
can be adjusted by dragging the focal trough control points, or a new trough can be created by clicking the trough
icon on the toolbar.
Preview: A preview of the Super Pano will be displayed in the lower right box before creating it. This feature
allows a Super Pano to be efficiently made with fewer or no adjustments needed afterward.
How to make a good Pano?

• Make a U-shaped, narrow focal trough encompassing the arches by adjusting points on the focal trough.
• Adjust Gray Scale threshold to filter soft tissue, so that the image is not too dark or too light.
• Refer to Image Navigation (pg. 32) for information about controlling and adjusting these images.

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Super Ceph View Features

The Super Ceph View Tab gives the ability to construct and view an enhanced version of a cephalometric radiograph, take
measurements, and utilize several image enhancement features, all of which dramatically increases its diagnostic value.

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Super Ceph: Toolbar

Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Super Ceph View Tab:
Front View: Automatically orients the volume so that the patient is facing the front.
Grid: Toggles between two different grid layouts for use in all of the section frames allowing quick
assessment of measurements and spatial location.

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Super Ceph: Control Panel

Create Ceph
• The Create Ceph button should only be clicked after

the orientation of the patient’s volumetric image is
adjusted in the rendering window.
• The “Set Orientation” box will reset the orientation if a
ceph was created incorrectly. Once the image is
orientated correctly, press the Create Ceph button
again.
Layout:
• “Screen” layout is optimized for viewing the image on
the computer screen. “Print Out” layout is optimized
for printing the image on paper. With Print Out layout,
what you see on screen will be what you get on the
paper in life-size. First capture to Gallery, then print
from Gallery to ensure the image is life-size.
Traditional Gray Scale Ceph
• Brightness and Contrast can be adjusted to enhance

your image.
• The “Enhanced” box can be left-clicked on or off to
sharpen and enhance the quality of the image.
• Range Setup allows you to select which side of the
patient’s head the ceph will be created from. Thickness
allows you to control how wide the range is.
• When you change the Range Setup, you must recreate
the ceph image using the Create Ceph button.
Volume Ceph
• Increase the Opacity slider bar to superimpose the

volume rendering onto the generated ceph.
• Various enhanced views of the ceph can be added; each
has different advantages:
• Bone highlights hard-tissue landmarks.
• Soft+Bone emphasizes the soft-tissue on the ceph
• Opacity, brightness, and contrast can all be adjusted for
image enhancement.
• Inverse switches the background to white. (Gray Scale coloring switches black/white.)
• Range Setup allows you to select which side of the patient’s head the ceph will be created from.
• Projection allows you to switch from parallel views of the cephalometric images to perspective views
which resemble the magnification found in traditional cephalometric radiographs.

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Super Ceph: Rendering Window

This window is where the volumetric image of the patient is orientated to create a ceph and where the ceph will
be viewed after creating it.
Before clicking on the Create Ceph button in the View Controls, the patient’s volumetric image must be correctly
orientated. The easiest way to do this is to line up the left and right angles of the mandible. If the ceph is created
with an improper orientation, it can be adjusted using the “Set Orientation” box in the view controls.

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Superimposition View Features

In the Superimposition View Tab, you have the ability to open two different scans at once, view them side by side, and
superimpose them. This is especially useful for assessing pre- and post-treatment scans.

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Superimposition: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Superimposition View Tab:
and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features allow the values to be projected to 2D,
hidden, or exported to a report.
will automatically be displayed.
Toggle Grid: Toggles between two different grid layouts for use in the upper two section frames
allowing quick assessment of measurements and spatial location.
Registration: This icon is used to register the original volume to the second volume. Four or more
anatomical points are chosen from each scan to properly align both scans at common, stable
landmarks.
Volume Registration: This icon is used to open the Volume Registration interface for automatic
superimposed volume registration. Users will define a VOI (Volume of Interest) Box as a reference
for automated superimposition.

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Adjust: This icon is used to make adjustments to better align the two volumes that are
superimposed.
3D Cursor: Toggles on/off the cursor lines in the 3D volume rendering.

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Superimposition: Control Panel

Superimposition Target:
• Select Import New Volume to import a second

volume. Superimpose either an Invivo file (.inv) or
DICOM (.dcm) scan set.
• Volumes will be registered to each other by selecting
four or more landmarks on each volume using the
Registration tool.
• Select Mirror Own Volume to mirror the patient's
anatomy to check for asymmetries.
Original Volume and Superimposed:
• Visible turns on/off either volume independent of each

other.
• Preset allows you to choose different visualization
presets for the volume.
• Preset can also be selected independent of each other.
• The Brightness and Contrast in the volume renderings
can be adjusted independently to adjust and improve
image.
Clipping:
• Select “Enable” to slice the image along predefined

anatomical planes (sagittal, coronal, axial).
• Select “Flip” to switch the view to the opposite side.
• Control Clipping with the scroll mouse or slider bar.
3D Volume Toggle:
This slider allows you switch between the original volume

and superimposed volume. Set the slider in the middle to
visualize both volumes in equal opacity. Set the slider to one
side to visualize only one image.
2D Gray Scale Toggle:
This slider allows you switch between the original gray scale
slice and superimposed one. Set the slider in the middle to
visualize both volumes in equal opacity. Set the slider to one
side to visualize only one image. The Image Color button
allows you to change the slice color.
Visible:
• Selectively control the visibility of the implants, nerves, and models.

• In Model Visibility, you can hide/show individual models in the rendering window.

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Save Superimposition:
• This allows you to save the settings of the superimposition into an external file.
• In the dialog that appears, choose where and what filename to save.
• Invivo will save two files: .vdata and .odata
• .vdata: stores the registration points and superimposed volume information
• .odata: stores the original scan's volume orientation information
Load Superimposition:
• This allows you to restore saved superimposition.
• Select Load Superimposition and choose the correct .vdata file.
• The superimposition file will be reloaded with the saved volume.
Registration:
“Limit Angle” will set limitations within the software during its registration calculations. If you are
experiencing inaccurate superimpositions after registering your points due to volume inversions, selecting
Limit Angle may resolve some of these issues. It is recommended that you attempt to use different or
additional registration points if this does not resolve the volume inversions.

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Superimposition: How to Superimpose Two Volumes

Invivo provides easy to use tools for superimposition. Although they are easy to use, superimposition is a
technique-sensitive procedure with the most critical step being the registration of the new scan via the selection of
stable landmarks in both scans. The proceeding sections discuss how to superimpose two scans step by step.
Step 1. Open First File. Open the file that you want to start with. You do not have to open them in any order,
but starting with the pre-treatment scan may be recommended for sake of organization. See DICOM and Invivo
File Loading (pg. 23) section if you are unsure of how to open an Invivo file.
Step 2. Import Volume. Go to the Superimposition Tab and from the View Control on the left, click on the
Import New Volume option to select the second file to open. The File Manager will appear allowing you to open
either a DICOM file or an Invivo file.
Step 3. Press the Registration icon. It can be found in the Superimposition Toolbar.
Step 4. Registering the Two Scans to Each Other. In order to superimpose the scans as correctly and precisely
as possible, strict attention must be placed in selecting at least four matching and stable landmarks in both scans.
• To select landmarks on each volume:
o Press down on the center scroll-wheel of the mouse.
o Or, position the mouse over the landmark and press the space bar on the keyboard.
• Select the first stable landmark on one scan using either method above.
• Select the matching stable landmark on the other scan using either method above.
o Each point shows up as either a blue or red dot.
o Points are numbered for easy reference.
• The volume can be rotated using the left-mouse button as before.
• The volume can be clipped by selecting Clipping: “Enable” in the View Controls.
• The volume rendering presets can be adjusted using the Preset button.
• Use caution in setting your Brightness and Contrast settings.
o Be sure the Brightness and Contrast settings for the original and imported volumes are
similar.
o Be sure to use the similar Preset settings when registering points.

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The image above shows a registration point (Registration Point 1) located on the anterior point of the right
zygomaticofrontal suture. The point has been added to both the original scan (white, left) and the new scan (blue, right).
Step 4. Save Points and Finish Registration. Once all points are plotted one by one, click the right-mouse
button to register the two scans. It is recommended you practice by opening the same scan twice before trying to
superimpose two different scans. You can see how precise the superimposition is by how much the two registered
scans overlap using the 2D and 3D toggle tools.
(a) (b)
(a) The above image on the left is of two identical data sets that are registered to each other precisely. Notice
there are no overlapping areas of different colors.
(b) The image on the right is of two volumes not registered precisely. Notice the blue and white skeletal
boundaries do not line up, and the presence of double images.

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Superimposition: Using Superimposition Aligner for Fine Adjustments

After finishing the landmark registration, you can use the other tools provided in the Superimposition Toolbar to
make final adjustments to your superimposition.
To make the cross sections bigger, use the Change Layout icon from the Toolbar
To move the volume manually, use the Adjust icon from the Toolbar to display the Move-Widget
on the superimposed volume
The above tools are available for use prior to using the Landmark Selector; however, it is strongly recommended
that you first use the Registration tool before using the Adjust tool.
Check the cross sections for accuracy by adjusting the Layout (Change Layout icon) and the 2D Gray Scale
Toggle slide bar (View Controls). The superimposition is shown in 3D as well as in the cross sections. Make
the necessary adjustments.
For example, notice in the sagittal section shown to

the left that the superimposed volume is not totally
overlapped. Using the Adjust tool, all you would need
to do is move the volume in the anterior-posterior
direction until the sections align. This is done by
clicking on the yellow arrow in the Aligner Widget
and dragging it forwards or backwards.
One should go through each anatomical plane to

check for precision. The cranial base should match up
perfectly because it is stable, however the vertebrae
will usually be off because the patient's head is always
tilted somewhat differently in each scan.

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Superimposition: Using Volume Registration for Fine Adjustments

After finishing the landmark registration, you can use the other tools provided in the Superimposition Toolbar to
make final adjustments to your superimposition.
To make the cross sections bigger, use the Change Layout icon from the Toolbar
To fine-tune the registered volumes, use the Volume Registration icon from the Toolbar to
open the Volume Registration interface
The above tools are available for use prior to using the Landmark Selector; however, it is strongly recommended
that you first use the Registration tool before using the Volume Registration tool.
Select the Volume Registration icon in the toolbar to open the Volume Registration interface.
Left-click on any of the 2D cross sections to place the center of the VOI (Volume of Interest) Box. The VOI
box can be moved at any time by clicking another location in one of the 2D cross sections.
Target Volume Size:
• R-L Size: defines the lateral width (mm) of the

VOI Box
• A-P Size: defines the anterior-posterior width
(mm) of the VOI Box
• H-F Size: defines the inferior-superior height
(mm) of the VOI Box
• Press Update Size to show the updated VOI
Box size in the Rendering Window
Select Perform Registration to run the automatic registration process for the VOI Box selected. The
process time is based on your computer's hardware components; however, in general, the larger the VOI
Box, the more time is required to complete the automatic registration.

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The following images show the VOI Box applied near the cranial base of a pre- and post-surgery
superimposed scan (top image) and the results of the automatic registration process (bottom image).
Notice that the two cranial base profiles line up exactly following the automatic registration process. The
VOI Box used is the default (x, y, z) = 50mm x 50mm x 40mm.

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Superimposition: Difference Between .vdata Files and .odata Files

After you have successfully registered a different scan to your original volume data, Invivo allows you to save the
superimposition data using the Save Superimposition button. This section looks to further define the difference
between the output files (.vdata and .odata) and how to use them.
.vdata
Information stored in the .vdata file includes the registration points and the path for finding your superimposed
scan data. When you re-open your original scan, in the Superimposition Tab, press the Load Superimposition
button and load the desired .vdata file. This will allow you to look at the superimposed image without having to
re-register your landmarks.
.odata
Information stored in the .odata file includes the orientation information of your original scan data (not your
superimposed scan). With this information, you can set specific orientations for other cases as well.
To import a new orientation, go to File in the Menu Bar and select “Import Orientation.” Choose your desired
.odata file, and your case will automatically reorient itself.

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Gallery View Features

In the Gallery View Tab you can retrieve images that have been captured. Additionally, images can be imported into Invivo or
exported to the location of your choice. Comments or notes can be added to describe images that have been captured.

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Gallery: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Gallery View Tab:
Crop Image: Allows you to crop and save the image that was captured.
Gallery: Control Panel

Images: Gives a list of all captured images.
• Each of these images has a “Name” and “Type” which can be
renamed by double-clicking on the text.
• Move Up/Down: Moves the selected image up or down on the list.
• Crop Current: Allows you to crop the currently selected image
within Invivo.
Image Operation
• All/Selected: Applies operation to all or a subset of the images from
the list.
• Remove: Removes images from the Gallery.
• Export: Allows you to export the images in the Image List to a path
specified in the dialog box that opens. Files can be saved as one of
the following formats: .jpg, .bmp, or .png.
• Email: Captures all images to your email ready to send. This
requires having a mailer client set up.
Import Images:
• Select to import images (.jpg, .bmp, .png) from an external source
into the Gallery Tab.
• Using this, you can import patient photographs into the Invivo
software for storage within the Invivo file once saved.
Comments:
• Text box displays comments about the image displayed in the
rendering window.
• Add or change comments by editing the text in the Comments Box.
2D Image Options:
• Controls settings for 2D images. See more information in Gallery:
2D Image Options.

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Gallery: Rendering Window

This window allows the viewing of captured and imported images. The Gallery is particularly useful for creating a
workup of a particular case. Remember that the Gallery’s images will only be saved if you re-save the whole file,
otherwise any captured images will be lost.

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Gallery: Adding Images to the Gallery

Capture any single image to the Gallery. A single image within any view can be captured without including
the other parts of the rendering window. When the Capture to Gallery function is used, a dialog will appear
on the screen providing the user with options regarding which parts of the rendering window to capture.
The options provided by each dialog will vary according to which Invivo tab is currently displayed; the
following example is the dialog that appears within the ArchSection Tab:
Capture to Gallery Dialog:

• Whole View – Captures a screenshot of
the rendering window
• Axial – Captures the axial slice view and
no other parts of the rendering window
• Pano – Captures the pano view and no
other parts of the rendering window
• Cross Sections – Captures a series of
Ex. ArchSection Capture to Gallery slices that are within the rendering
window
Options within each Select Image to Capture Dialog:

Note: Some options will appear gray (disabled) in the Select Image to Capture dialog. The choices available
are determined by the specific layout as well as the view tab.
Section Whole View

Axial, Coronal, Sagittal Slices
Cross (Displays Custom Cross Section or 3D Volume)
Volume Rendering No Dialog
ArchSection Whole View Pano

Axial Cross Sections
Implant Whole View Para Arch

Main Volume Pano
Axial Arch Volume
Cross Front Volume
Density
TMJ Whole View Left Cross Section

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Axial Right Pano

Left Pano Right Cross Sections
Super Pano Whole View Axial

Pano Preview Pano
Front Volume
Super Ceph No Dialog
Superimposition Whole View Coronal

Main Volume Sagittal
Axial Imposed Volume
Model Normal Layout No Dialog
Occlusal Layout Whole View

Lower Occlusional
Upper Occlusional
Composite Layout Whole View

Composite 1-9
Capture to Gallery Dialog:
Name: Image label

Note: Image name must be unique from any
other captured image in the Gallery and
must not contain any special characters.
Type: Image type – can be set from

the drop-down to “Captured” or
“Photo.”
Comments: Additional comments

about the image can be added in this
section.

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Gallery: 2D Image Options

The Gallery Tab is compatible with 2D DICOM images and has several features that allow it to handle this image
format better.
Opening 2D DICOM
When instructed to open a 2D DICOM image, Invivo will automatically enter a mode that disables 3D
functionality. Only the Gallery Tab will be available within the software and the DICOM will appear as a
Gallery image.
If a 2D DICOM is associated with a 3D volume as a scout image, opening the volume will automatically
import that scout image into the Gallery Tab.
Grayscale Image Options
For grayscale images in the Gallery, the user has the

option to adjust several settings such as Gray Scale
Threshold, Brightness, Contrast, and Sharpening.
The updates to these images are saved and always

reflect the updated settings when the image is selected
in the Gallery and also after it has been
saved/exported and then opened/imported back into
Invivo.
Export to DCM/JPG/PNG/TIF/BMP
An image in the Gallery can be exported into any of

the above formats when using the Export… button.
When saving individual Gallery images to file, the
following image formats will be available (JPG, PNG,
BMP).

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Model View Features

The Model View Tab allows the user to see the patient's AnatoModel or 3D photograph and create surgical or orthodontic
simulations, as well as 3D soft tissue predictions. An AnatoModel is a 3D digital study model that is made by Anatomage on a case-
by-case service. The DICOM data of the patient is sent to Anatomage where it is modeled to create the most advanced digital study
model available. AnatoModels contain anatomy such as roots, developing teeth, impactions, alveolar bone, and more, while other models
merely show the crowns of teeth. The 3D photograph service that Anatomage offers is also viewed here. Anatomage developed the
technology to combine a frontal photo of the patient and the CT scan to create a 3D model that overlays the scan data.
Any nerve tracing, implant planning, or superimposition that has been done will also be visible in the Model Tab. Each item can be
independently turned on/off to see how all these systems come together with the scan data.
For more in depth information about the Model Tab and the AnatoModel services, please refer to the AnatoModel
Manual.

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Model: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Model View Tab:
Frontal View: Automatically orients the volume so the patient is facing the front.
Marker: When selected you may mark a point on the volume and X,Y,Z coordinates (Transverse,
Sagittal, Vertical) will appear. Clicking on the point and moving the cursor can modify points. Click
on the point and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features allow the values to be
projected to 2D, hidden, or exported to a report.
Distance Measurement: Select this option and mark 2 points on the volume and distance will
and press the “delete” key to delete it.
Angle Measurement: Select this option and mark 3 points on the volume and angle between
them will appear. Clicking on their control points and moving the cursor can modify
measurements. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
Polygonal Measurement: When selected you may mark unlimited number of points on the
volume and the total between the first point and the last point will appear. Right-click your mouse
to indicate that you have marked your last point. Clicking on the point and moving the cursor can
modify points. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control
Toggle Grid: Toggles between four different grid layouts for simple assessment of size,
measurement, and spatial location.
View Sequence: Allows for the creation of custom camera sequences for movie capturing. Refer
to the Volume Render View Sequence (pg. 51) section for additional information and
description.

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Background: Allows for the background color to be changed.
Setup View: Allows option to view either parallel or perspective views in 3D. You can change the
annotation layout options under the Setup View.
Show/Hide Annotation: Hide/show comments made to the volume in the Volume Render Tab.
You can change the annotation layout options under the Setup View.

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Model: Control Panel

Layout:
• Normal shows the digital models in the normal patient

orientation along with the volume rendering if wanted.
• Occlusal shows both arches from the occlusal perspective.
• Composite shows a composite of multiple views of the
model all at once.
Models:
• Skin Opacity: Controls the opacity of the Skin model from
the Anatomodel service or from 3DAnalysis.
• Jaw Opacity: Controls the opacity of the alveolar bone/
ABO base from the Anatomodel service.
• Models: The individual, digital models (implants, nerves,
teeth, superimposition) can be turned on or off in the
rendering window.
• Settings: Control settings for items in the Models list. A
model must first be selected in this list before the button is
pressed.
Volume:
• Select “Visible” to toggle the volume rendering on or off
with the digital models.
• The View Change button allows volume rendering
options, such as Soft Tissue, Teeth, etc.
• The Brightness and Contrast of the images can be
adjusted with the slide bar.
Clipping:
• Select “Enable” to slice the image along the predefined

anatomical planes (sagittal, axial, coronal). Control the
clipping with the scroll mouse or the slider bar.
• To switch a view to the opposite side, select “Flip.”
Simulation:
To create a new simulation:
• Select either the TeethMovement or JawMovement

simulations, or press Edit to make your own name.
• Move the slide bar to the right to indicate your ending
point.
• Click on a digital model to move it (either individual teeth
or whole arches) with the move widget.
• After the final position is reached using the 3D move
widget, press Start to go back to frame one.
• Press Play to view your simulated movement.
• Press Soft Tissue Prediction to create a simulation of the soft-tissue prediction. This is only
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possible with the use of a 3D Photograph and Skin AnatoModel.

Annotation:
Controls the visibility of comment markers in the rendering window.
Model: Rendering Window
This window allows the viewing of AnatoModels, 3D photographs, and simulation, all of which are services that must be ordered per
case for this feature to work. These services provide excellent diagnostic data and case presentation material.

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Common How to Tasks

How to Trace A Nerve
• Go to the ArchSection Tab.
• Make sure the pano is in Slice Mode (not X-ray mode).
• Adjust focal trough such that the nerve pathway is visible in pano image.
• Move pointer to the pano image.
• Review the nerve pathway while using scroll wheel.
• If the nerve pathway is not clearly visible, adjust the focal trough.
• When the nerve pathway is identified through the pano image, press New Nerve in the Control
Panel.
• Starting from the mandibular foramen, click point by point.
• If the nerve is not clearly visible, use the mouse scroll wheel to find the nerve and continue picking.
• Near the mental foramen, move the mouse to cross-section view.
• Use the scroll wheel to find the exit of the nerve.
• Pick points connecting the nerve exit.
• Press Done in the Control Panel to finish the nerve.
Warning: Any nerve that is traced in a way that does not conform to the actual pathway of the nerve can lead to surgical
complications if diagnosis, treatment plans and/or actual treatment is based off of the incorrect tracing. It is critical for
the end user to learn how to properly perform nerve tracings correctly. If you notice any inconsistencies or software
problems with nerve tracing or have further questions or concerns about nerve tracing, please contact Anatomage
support at (408) 885-1474 or email us at [email protected]

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How to Create Reports In Life Size

• Go to ArchSection Tab.
• Check “Adjust” in Vertical Range and Orientation.
• Adjust upper and lower limit by dragging green lines and then un-check Adjust.
• Adjust focal trough (arch spline) or re-draw arch spline by the clicking the Create Arch Spline button.
• Change Layout Mode to “Print Out.”
• Change to a desired layout using the Change Layout button.
• Adjust cross-sectional width and interval.
• Move cursor to set cross section in desired location.
• In Print Out mode, user cannot zoom the image since it is set to life size.
• If desired structure is not visible in cross section, adjust axial cursor or focal trough.
• Switch pano image to X-ray mode and turn on the ruler.
• Turn on the Arch Spline Ruler and turn off arch spline control points.
• Turn off the cursor if necessary.
• Go to the View menu and choose “Capture to Gallery.”
• Go to Gallery Tab.
• See Print Preview in the File menu and print out a test page.
• If you want to change the format, go to “Print Layout Setup” in the File Menu.
• If you want to use your own logo, replace the “printLogo.bmp” file in installation folder. This folder is
typically in “C:\Program Files(x86)\Anatomage\InVivoDental”
• After the Print Layout Setup is changed, make sure you choose Print Out mode before recapturing the
image. Otherwise the image could still be in the previous Print Layout Setup.
Other View Tabs with Life-Size Printing
• Non-whole view, full-screen Section render (double-click a renderer to make full screen)
• TMJ in Print Out mode (Axial slice will not be life-size)
• Pano in Super Pano
• Super Ceph in Print Out mode

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How to Create a Positive Airway View

• Go to Volume Render Tab.
• Select the Inverse preset.
• Reduce the opacity such that the internal structures start to appear.
• Change the viewpoint to Top View (Press Top View button in toolbar).
• Use sculpting tool to remove the undesired parts.
• Change the viewpoint and repeat sculpting operations.
• After the desired airway is isolated, increase the opacity.
• Adjust Brightness and Contrast to set the right visualization.
• (The Airway Measurement tool also shows a positive airway view that is color coded based on area.
This inverse method lets you see the airway without color coding.)

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How to Create an AnatoModel Simulation and Video

Simulations require the use of the AnatoModel service provided on a case-by-case basis from Anatomage. The AnatoModel service
may include some or all of the following features:
• Individually segmented, digital models of patient dentition
• Segmented digital models of patient mandible and maxilla
• 3D photograph overlay on the patient soft-tissue profile
For additional information about the AnatoModel service, please contact Anatomage at (408) 885-1474 or email us at
[email protected].
• Go to Model Tab.
• View Control: Simulation, from the drop
menu choose an existing simulation
(TeethMovement, JawArticulation) or create
your own (select Edit).
• Move the slide bar to the very end (Frame
100).
• Select a model adjust and the Move-Widget should appear.

• Use the Move-Widget to adjust the final position of the model.
• Moving the slide bar (Frame 0 to 100) will move the model between the initial and final positions.
• To adjust intermediate model positions, move the slide bar to an intermediate frame (between Frame 0
and 100). Use the Move-Widget to adjust the model position.
• Moving the slide bar (Frame 0 to 100) will move the model from the initial position, through
intermediate positions, and to the final position.

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View Sequence:
• To create a video of your simulation, select the View
Sequence button from the Model Toolbar to open the
View Sequencer Window.
• Much like the Volume Render View Tab (pg. 51), you can
insert scenes with various volume orientations, clippings,
colorizations, etc.
• Adjust rendering window image to desired settings
(orientation, volume colorization, etc.) and move the
Simulation Slide Bar to Frame 0.
• Press Insert in View Sequencer window.
• Adjust rendering window image to desired settings
(orientation, volume colorization, etc.) and move the
simulation slide bar to Frame 100.
• Press Insert in View Sequencer window.
• Test the video using the Start, Play/Pause and End
buttons in the View Sequencer window.
Movie Capture:
• If you are unsatisfied with the test video and view
sequence, make the necessary changes (Insert new views or
Modify/Delete existing views).
• If you are satisfied with the test video and view sequence,
select VIDEO Capture to open the Movie Capture
Window.
• Please refer to Volume Render View Tab View Sequence
Section (pg. 51) for additional descriptions.
• Capture the view sequence to save your simulation as an
AVI movie file.

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Invivo5 Additional Modules
The following modules are sold separately. To find out more information about these modules, please
contact Anatomage at (408) 885-1474 or at [email protected]

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3DAnalysis Module Features

The 3DAnalysis View Tab shows the patient in three-dimensional, reconstructed views and allows you to explore the internal
structures and never-before-seen anatomy of the patient. With 3DAnalysis, the user can construct various landmarks and profiles,
calculate 3D and 2D measurements, and report analytical results.

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3DAnalysis: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the 3DAnalysis View Tab:
Marker: When selected you may mark a point on the volume and X,Y, Z coordinates (transverse,
sagittal, vertical) will appear. Clicking on the point and moving the cursor can modify points.. Click
on the point and press the “delete” key to delete it. View Control features allow the values to be
hidden or exported to a report.
and press the “delete” key to delete it.
modify points. Click on the measurement and press the “delete” key to delete it.
Arc Widget: Places an arc visual on the volume displaying the arc angle and radius of the circle
containing the arc. Requires the placement of three points, the first marking the center of a circle
and the last two marking the endpoints of the arc.
capturing. Refer to the View Sequence description.
Visual Preference: Change color preference and define displaying type (For more information
refer to 3DAnalysis Settings, pg. 162.)

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3DAnalysis Settings: Define and change definitions of landmarks, measurements, references,

analysis, norms, and soft tissue deformation ratios. Define and change other preferences related with
3DAnalysis.
Patient Orientation: Click to change patient orientation.
Tracing Tasks: Perform and edit the tracing tasks defined through series of picking landmarks
and/or drawing profiles. (Refer to 3DAnalysis: Tracing Tasks for more information, pg. 141.)
Save Information: Opens a dialog containing commands for managing the 3DAnalysis
configuration files, saving/exporting tracing data, and for building measurement norm data.
Create Face Photo: Opens the Create Face Photo Wrapping dialog. The dialog provides guided
steps to producing a 3D photo wrap of the scan volume using textures from a photograph.
Superimpose Tracing: Opens the Tracing Superimposition dialog. The user can select a case and
configure landmarks within this window to perform a landmark-based superimposition. This dialog
also contains the Superimposed Tracing Visibility Controls.
3D Surgery: Opens 3D Surgery dialog. Surgical cuts, bone movement, and rotations can be
simulated. The post-surgery volume can be further analyzed based on the analysis and the soft-
tissue prediction.
Profilogram: Opens Profilogram dialog, converting the the pre- and post-surgery tracings (if
available) to profilograms. Certain visibility options are available, and the registration settings can be
changed.
resolution of the image. The software reports the value based on user-picked points. Due to the nature of the medical
imaging, the boundary is not always well defined. The apparent boundary depends on the current brightness and
contrast setting. The boundary may shift as the user makes adjustments to brightness and contrast. The user must
understand the limitation of the measurement value before applying to the patient. If you notice any inconsistencies or
software problems with measurements, or have further questions or concerns about using measurement tools correctly,
please contact us at (408) 885-1474 or email us at [email protected]

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3DAnalysis: Control Panel

Create Tracing: Perform and edit the tracing tasks that are
defined with some series of picking landmarks and/or drawing
profiles. (Same as Tracing Tasks button on toolbar. For more
details refer to 3DAnalysis: Tracing Tasks, pg. 141.)
Layout: Configure layout options for the rendering window.
• Slice Locator: Aid for picking landmark location.
• Text View: Provides visibility options and values for
landmarks, measurements, reference planes, and analysis
configurations.
• Printout: Changes rendering window to a life-size printer-
friendly version of the volume and tracing. Not compatible
with slice locator view.
Volume Control:
• Visible: Allows the 3D volume rendering to be turned on or
off from view.
• Quality: Box can be clicked on or off to further enhance the
quality of the image.
• View Presets: Different settings allow for better visualization
of certain anatomic structures, soft tissue profiles, hard tissue,
etc. This is achieved by displaying specific densities with
specific colors and transparencies.
Clipping: Click the “Enable Clipping” box to slice the image along
the predefined anatomical planes (sagittal, axial, coronal, and arch).
Scrolling the mouse wheel or moving the slider bar will move the
clipping plane. To switch a view to the opposite side, click “Flip.” Fine
clipping is activated by scrolling with the mouse scroll wheel while the
“Ctrl” key is pressed.
Model Control:
• Visible: Allows the 3D models to be turned on or off from
view.
• Visibility Control : Select individual 3D Models to be turned
on or off from view.
Skin Control:
• Show Skin: Turns either pre- or post-surgery skin on or off.
• Wireframe: Converts the skin to a wire-mesh form.
Tracings:
• Toggles the visibility of the pre-and post-surgery tracings.
Model Animation:
• Create, edit, or play model simulations within the rendering
window.

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3DAnalysis: Coordinate System
Context:
The coordinate system is very important for any three-dimensional (3D) system. It defines the structure for
subsequent measurements and analyses. Even though the absolute measurements such as linear distance or
angular measurement are invariant to the coordinate system, any projected measurement, such as the angle
projected to mid-sagittal plane is significantly influenced by the coordinate system. Thus, it is essential to establish
a sound coordinate system before any measurements or analysis can be done.
There is a coordinate system for 2D images, too. However, given its simplicity, one may not realize it as a
coordinate system but more or less direction. In general, for a two-dimensional system, one simply needs to
determine a single axis and the other is often determined as orthogonal to the first. In traditional 2D
cephalometrics, the Frankfort horizontal plane could serve as the horizontal axis. By default, the vertical axis is
defined from this Frankfort plane.
In a 3D coordinate system, however, it is more complicated. One has to define three axes, and (for a typical
Cartesian coordinate system) they must be orthogonal to one another. Additionally, the origin of the coordinate
system could be anywhere but preferably lying on an anatomical feature. The challenge is that anatomical
landmarks and coordinate axes are not necessarily aligned; a line connecting two landmarks may not serve as the
correct coordinate axis.
From a mathematical perspective, any coordinate system based on finite number of 3D coordinates is relatively
simple linear algebra. Thus, any desired coordinate system can be established by a linear combination of the
landmark coordinate values. Such definitions may be difficult to understand for clinicians and may not have
anatomical meaning or agree with existing analysis schemata.
In this software, we propose a coordinate system construction scheme with the following essential goals:
1. Support for existing clinical concepts
2. Freedom to establish user-defined coordinate system(s)
3. Interface that is easy to set up and understand

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Coordinate System: Click to change coordinate system. (Refer to 3DAnalysis: Coordinate System for more
information, pg. 136.)
• No Coordinate System for Tracing:

Do nothing to define the coordinate system. Use
current coordinate settings.
• by Move Widget: Use Move Widget to define the
coordinate system before performing tracing tasks.
• by Picking Landmarks: Define the coordinate
system by picking landmarks predefined on the
Define Coordinate System dialog (below).
• Reset to Image Coordinate System: Cancel the
current coordinate system definition and return to
the original patient coordinate system.

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X-Axis Z-Axis S
R L P A
Y-Axis
I
Defining the Coordinate System by Picking Landmarks:
Two methods of defining the coordinate system are available in 3DAnalysis. You can switch between the methods
in the Define Coordinate System window by pressing the Coordinate System button in the toolbar, selecting “By
Picking Landmarks” and pressing Change. Alternatively, the Define Coordinate System window can be accessed
in a similar manner but through the Tracing Guide window. The images above show the orientation of axes and
anatomical terms of location.
Step 1: Define Origin
Irrespective of which method you choose when defining your coordinate system, you must select a landmark to
serve as the origin for measurements, references, and your analysis.
Next, choose the method of determining the coordinate system:
• Mid-sagittal plane-oriented coordinate system

• Horizontal plane-oriented coordinate system
Step 2: Define Plane for Coordinate System (Mid-Sagittal Plane Method)
The mid-sagittal plane can be established by two methods:
1. Use 3 Points Defining: Define two additional points. With the origin defined (Step 1), a total of three points
defines the mid-sagittal plane.
Ex: Origin – nasion, two points – anterior nasal spine and basion.
2. Use L-R Vectors and a Point of Origin: Choose two points on either side of the volume (left and right sides)
to create a vector. The mid-sagittal plane will be set normal to the vector and intersecting the origin.
Ex: Origin – nasion, two points – left and right porion.
The origin must be located on the mid-sagittal plane. Step 3 will determine the perpendicular axes.

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Step 3: Define Axis for the Perpendicular Plane (Mid-Sagittal Plane Method)
From the mid-sagittal plane, the X-axis is defined as normal to the plane. The perpendicular Y- and Z-axes (sitting
on the plane) can be determined by projecting a vector onto the mid-sagittal plane to define one and setting the
other as normal to this plane. There are two manners of determining the Y- and Z-axes using this method:
1. Define A-P Axis (Horizontal Plane): choose two landmarks to connect anterior to posterior and serve as the
horizontal plane.
Ex: Point 1 – right orbital, Point 2 – right porion → Frankfort horizontal plane
2. Define F-H Axis (Frontal Plane): choose two landmarks to connect head to foot and serve as the vertical
plane.
Ex: Point 1 – nasion, Point 2 – anterior nasal spine → frontal plane
* * *
Step 2: Define Plane for Coordinate System (Horizontal Plane Method)
The horizontal plane can be established using three landmarks.

Ex: Point 1 – right orbitale, Points 2, 3 – left and right porions
Defines the 3D Frankfort horizontal plane
The origin must be located on the horizontal plane. Step 3 will determine the perpendicular axes.
Step 3: Define Axis for the Perpendicular Plane (Horizontal Plane Method)
From the horizontal plane, the Z-axis is defined as normal to the plane. The perpendicular X- and Y- axes (sitting
on the plane) can be determined by projecting a vector onto the horizontal plane to define one and setting the
other as normal to this plane. There are two manners of determining the X- and Y-axes using this method:
1. Define A-P Axis (Mid-Sagittal Plane): choose two landmarks to connect anterior to posterior and serve as the
mid-sagittal plane.
Ex: Point 1 – basion, Point 2 – nasion
2. Define L-R Axis (Frontal Plane): choose two landmarks to connect laterally and serve as the frontal plane.
Ex: Point 1 – left porion, Point 2 – right porion
When Steps 1-3 are completed, press the OK button to save the settings and close the Define Coordinate System
window.

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Note:
In traditional 2D cephalometry, the sagittal direction is constructed between porions. In 3D cephalometry, there is
a dilemma in that the sagittal axis (porion to porion) and the mid-sagittal plane (nasion, anterior nasal spine, sella)
cannot be achieved simultaneously.
If you choose porion-to-porion to be the sagittal axis, the orientation of the mid-sagittal plane is defined by the
axis and one landmark could define it completely. Consequently, the other landmarks may sit close but not exactly
on the mid-sagittal plane.
Alternatively, if you construct the mid-sagittal plane using three landmarks (nasion, anterior nasal spine, sella) then
the sagittal axis is defined from the mid-sagittal plane. This axis may not be parallel to the vector connecting the
two porion points.
Using 3D cephalometrics allows for more accurate measurements and analysis. However, there are discrepancies
with traditional 2D analysis (such as the one listed above, so caution should be used in defining the coordinate
system, landmarks, references, etc. to minimize these differences.

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3DAnalysis: Tracing Tasks

Now that the patient coordinate system is established, start picking points. The first set of points will be your
coordinate-system associated landmarks, followed by other landmarks and profiles.
Note: If you are having trouble placing points on the volume due to the predefined rendering, angle, and clipping
settings, please refer to the 3DAnalysis: Tracing Guide section (pg. 173) to edit your view states.
Tracing Tasks:
To begin tracing your rendered volume, press either Create Tracing in the View Control or the
Tracing Tasks button in the toolbar.
The Tracing Tasks window should open and list the order of Tracing Tasks to be performed. By default,
the window will open in editing mode. (See Tracing Tasks – Editing Mode). Once a tracing task has
been started, you may begin picking points on the rendered volume to define landmarks and profiles.
Start: Starts the first listed undefined tracing task. The tracing tasks
required for defining the coordinate system will be done first and
prefixed with “Coord_sys.” After defining the coordinate system
Tracing Tasks, you can select specified tracing tasks by double-clicking
it or pressing the Start button. The currently selected tracing task will
be marked with a cross-hair symbol and completed tracing tasks
will be marked with a check .
• Close: Stops current tracing task and closes the Tracing Task
window.
• Stop: Stops current tracing task and returns to the editing mode
in the tracing task window.
• Setup: Opens the Tracing Guide window.
• Restart All: Discards completed tracing tasks and restarts from
the first tracing task.
Tracing Tasks – Editing Mode:

To enter Editing Mode simply open the Tracing Tasks window
by clicking on Create Tracing. When in editing mode, one can
modify completed landmark positions and profile lines.
Landmark positions and profile points are highlighted on the
volume in the rendering window. Move the mouse over the
landmark or profile point. Left-click and drag the landmark or
profile point to the new desired location. Releasing the left-
button will save the new position of the landmark or profile
point on the volume. Selecting a landmark or profile point will
also highlight the point on the Slice Locator, where the point can
be further adjusted. This technique will help to move and adjust
profile lines quickly without re-tracing the entire feature.

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Tracing Task Examples and Tips
Notes About Landmarks/Profiles:
• Many common landmarks are associated with profile tracings. These landmarks will therefore only
show on the volume and have a coordinate value when the corresponding profile tracing is
completed (ex. Condyle point Co_R with the Right Mandibular Profile). Contact Anatomage
Support and see the section Default Tracing Tasks and Landmarks (pg. 70) for more
information about these automatic definitions.
• Users can pick points for landmarks or profiles on models. These models can be in the form of Skin
or Tooth Anatomodels as well as models created and/or imported into the Model Tab from MD
Studio. (MD Studio is an add-on module for Invivo5.)
The following pages will demonstrate profiles and associated landmarks that are integrated into the default
configuration file from the initial installation.
Warning: Results produced by the software's diagnostic and planning tools are dependent on correct selection of
landmarks by the user in the 3D volume. The software reports values based on these user-picked points. Due to the
nature of medical imaging, the boundaries are not always well defined. The apparent boundaries depend on the current
brightness and contrast settings. The boundaries may shift as the user makes adjustments to brightness and contrast. The
user must understand the limitations of the measurement values before applying to the patient. If you notice any
inconsistencies or software problems with measurements, or have further questions or concerns about correctly using
measurement tools correctly, please contact us at (408) 885-1474 or email us at [email protected]

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Mandibular Profile
Be sure to include the profiles of
the condyle, mandibular notch, and
corpus. Follow the curve to include
the gonion and antegonion. The
antegonion, condyle, and gonion
locations will be determined in the
software through the profile. Always
verify the location of the
antegonion; open the tracing task to
activate Edit mode and drag to
modify.
Structure contains:
Co – Condyle
Go – Gonion
Ag – Antegonion
Maxillary Profile
Start the profile near the anterior
interface of the upper incisor and
follow the profile of the maxilla
back to the posterior interface of
the incisor. Adjust the brightness
and/or contrast levels to show the
anterior nasal spine (ANS) and
include that in the tracing profile. It
is recommended that you place a
profile point at or very near the
ANS. Note: Using the default user-
picked ANS will replace the
automatically-defined profile ANS.
The Pr point will be placed at the
location of the first click.
Structure contains:
ANS – Anterior Nasal Spine
PNS – Posterior Nasal Spine
A – A point
Pr – Prosthion

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Orbital Profile
Trace the most anterior part of the
ridge usually noticeable based on the
brightness (whiteness) of the bone
around the orbit. Follow this ridge
from the zygomatic suture to about
the medio-orbital. If you use the
orbitale as a landmark (ex: for
Frankfort horizontal), it is
recommended that you include this
point as a profile point in the
tracing. A user-defined Or_L or
Or_R landmark will override the
automatic Or landmarks.
Structure contains:
Or – Orbitale
Soft-tissue Profile
(Upper)
Adjust the brightness and/or
contrast of the image to see the
soft-tissue profile. Trace it from the
top of the head to the lips. The
upper soft-tissue should include the
profile of the upper lip.
Structure contains:
Soft N – Soft Tissue Nasion
Pn – Pronasale
Ls – Labrale Superius
Sts – Stomion Superius

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Soft-tissue Profile
(Lower)
Adjust the brightness and/or
contrast of the image to see the
soft-tissue profile. Trace it from the
lips to below the chin. The lower
soft-tissue should include the profile
of the lower lip.
Structure contains:
Sti – Stomion Inferius
Li – Labrale Inferius
Ils – Soft-tissue B point
Soft Pog – Soft-tissue Pogonion
Symphyseal (Mandible) Profile

The profile should start near the
anterior interface of the lower
incisor, follow the curvature of the
symphysis and finish at the posterior
interface of the lower incisor. The
Id point will be placed at the
location of the first click.
Structure contains:
Id – Infradentale
B – B point
PM – Protuberance Menti
Pog – Pogonion
Gn – Gnathion
Me – Menton

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Teeth (Molar)
Place the first point at the tip of the
anterior root for the molar. Place the
next point at the tip of the anterior
cusp. Place the final point at the tip
of the posterior cusp. This
procedure is applicable to the upper
and lower molars (only lower molar
shown at right).
Teeth (Incisor)
Place the first point at the tip of the root for the incisor. Place the next point at the tip of the crown. Place
the final point on the most labial side of the tooth. This procedure is valid for both the upper and lower
incisors (only upper is shown).
Frontal Incisor Profiles require an additional fourth point, located at the most mesial point of each central
incisor. When performing the tracing task, trace the first three points using the sagittal view and then use
the frontal view to place the fourth point. Use the toolbar orientation buttons to rotate the volume during
a tracing task.
Note: When adding the Frontal Incisor Profiles to the current tracing task list, you must first ensure that the
frontal lateral profiles are no longer on the list before they can be added. The two types of frontal incisors are not
intended to be used simultaneously.

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3DAnalysis: Text View
Once the landmarks have been defined on the volume, visualize the results of the analysis. Most of this will
happen in the Text View, available under the Layout section of the View Control. Once Text View has been
checked as visible, a pane will appear on the right side of the screen. If any of the contents extend beyond the
bottom of the screen, use the mouse wheel to scroll down the list. Text View includes the following tabs:
Landmark: List of currently traced landmarks and

the respective position values. Clicking the landmark
line can set the display of the landmark name
On/Off on the volume. Clicking the group line can
set the display of all landmarks in that group
On/Off at the same time.
Measurement: List of respective values of available

measurements defined in the analysis. Clicking the
measurement line can set the display of the
measurement name, value, and reference line
set the display of all the measurements of the group
as On/Off at the same time. When measurements
are calculated and projected onto a plane, a '*' is
shown in the unit column.
Reference: List of currently available references.

Clicking the reference line/plane can set the display
the name and line/plane of the reference line/plane
set the display of all references of the group as
On/Off at the same time.

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Analysis: Report and wigglegram of currently

available measurements in the specified analyses.
Display current ethnic norm group. Click the norm
group name to change the default ethnic norm
group.
Clicking the analysis name (“Default” in the left

example) will make all measurements within that
analysis visible in the rendering window. Clicking an
analysis subgroup name will turn on visibility for any
measurements under that subgroup.
For VCA analyses, clicking the analysis name will

turn on visibility for any VCA-configured
measurements in the rendering window. Clicking an
analysis subgroup name will turn on visibility for any
VCA-configured measurements under that
subgroup.

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Colored Wigglegram
The wigglegram features a user-customizable color
gradient to convey analysis results. The color
corresponds to the number of standard deviations
the measurement value differs from the norm.
Ex. Values that differ between 0 and 1 SD will show
up as a blend of green and yellow.
Configure visibility settings in the Visual Preferences

dialog:
Features:
• (Color) Visibility On/Off
• Customizable 4-Color Gradient
• Color Correlation with VCA Color Indicators
• Compatible with Frontal Analysis Wigglegram

(see below).
Warning: The analysis results are dependent on the norm values that are configured within each configuration file, which
may contain predefined as well as user-defined data. The predefined norms that are available upon installation may or
may not be based on accepted clinical values for the respective measurements. Users must verify the validity of norm
values that will be used before applying this function on patient data. For further questions regarding the function,
configuration, and validity of norm data, please contact the Anatomage Support Department at (408) 885-1474 or
[email protected].
Frontal Analysis Mode:
The measurement values and wigglegram take a new

format when an analysis is configured to be of a
“frontal” variation. Refer to the 3DAnalysis:
Advanced Analysis Configurations section
(pg. 154) for more information.
Right Values Left Values “Symmetry”

Wigglegram

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3DAnalysis: VCA Mode

3DAnalysis capitalizes on the fact that a large part of an analysis can occur visually. With the introduction
of VCA (Visual Craniometric Analysis) colored indicators, an analysis can be customized to reveal an overall
picture of a patient’s clinical state by providing only the necessary level of numerical detail without
overburdening the user. While the quantitative information is still available, the colored indicators draw
attention back to the most necessary part of the analysis – the volume – while also saving time and effort.
How It Works: VCA colored ball indicators are tethered to individual measurements. When these measurements
are selected in the Analysis Tab (by subgroups or analysis name), the VCA ball indicators will appear in the
rendering window with a color that is dependent on the deviation of the measurement value from the norm. The
proper configuration can allow the user to determine the areas that require attention without needing to see the
exact measurement values.
Configuring a VCA:
• Change the name of the analysis to indicate a VCA configuration
• Configure individual measurements values to have VCA landmarks
• Trace the case, turn on VCA landmarks in the Text View
Continue on in the section for more details on these tasks.

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Choose An Analysis/Rename to VCA Configuration:
Any analysis can be configured to include VCA indicators. Open the 3DA Setup dialog with the icon and
navigate to the Analysis Tab.
1. Left click on the name of the desired

analysis. “Default” chosen in this
example.
2. Click the Edit button.
3. The Define/Edit Analysis window will

appear. Change the name to end in
“_VCA”.
4. Click OK to exit the Define/Edit Analysis

window. Then, click OK to exit 3DA Setup
completely.

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Configure Individual Measurements:
Open the 3DA Setup dialog with the icon and navigate to the Measurement tab of this window (third
from the right). For this step, it would help to have a list of measurements handy as a reminder of which
ones to configure.
1. Left-click on the line of a

measurement you want to configure.
2. Click Edit.
3. Click drop-down next to VCA

Landmark; choose a landmark (does
not have to be part of the
measurement definition).
4. Click OK to exit the window.

Repeat for additional measurements.
(Note: Multiple measurements
cannot be configured to the same
VCA landmark.)

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Trace the Case/Turn on VCA Landmark Visibility:
Trace the case so that the necessary landmarks are completed for the analysis as well as for the VCA
landmarks. Alternatively, a pre-traced case can be opened.
Click the analysis name to show ALL

VCA Landmarks within that analysis.
Click the subgroup name to show

only VCA landmarks within that
subgroup.
If the VCA landmarks fail to appear, causes may be:
• The analysis name is not properly configured. (See pg. 152)

• The VCA landmarks configured to the measurements are not properly configured or traced. (See pg. 151)
• There is no available norm data for the measurement.
Additional VCA Settings ( Visual Preferences) :
• VCA indicator color settings are tethered to the Wigglegram Polygon Color. Change the settings for the
colored wigglegram to change the color of VCA indicators.
• VCA indicator ball radius can be set to between 2 and 9 mm.
• VCA indicator ball opacity can be changed to an opacity percentage preset (0, 25, 50, 75, 100).

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3DAnalysis: Advanced Analysis Configurations

3DAnalysis can be configured to become a more effective tool for certain analyses. Currently, additional
features are supported for “frontal” analyses as well as the Sassouni Analysis.
Configuring a Frontal Analysis
The wigglegram features a special “Frontal Analysis”

mode to support frontal analyses. The benefit of this
mode is a more succinct format of measurement
presentation. Both the measurement values and
wigglegram adapt to show the left and right values of
a certain measurement on the same line.
Two Aspects to Configure:

• Measurement pairs that are identical except for a
“_R” or “_L” to indicate the left and right side
(ex. Co_R to MSP, Co_L to MSP)
• The analysis name must end in “_Frontal”.
NOTE: A frontal analysis can only contain pairs of symmetry

measurements (_L, _R). If your analysis contains Right Values Left Values “Symmetry”
measurement pairs AND singular measurements, you must Wigglegram
split the analysis. The singular measurements should be in a
separate analysis without the “_Frontal” suffix.
Configuring a Sassouni Analysis
A special feature exists that creates an automatic

Sassouni O-Point if the appropriate data is present. The
O-Point definition is based on the generally accepted
Sassouni principle that states it is the midpoint of the
shortest vertical line segment that contacts all four
prerequisite planes.
To Automatically Generate O-Point: The following
four default planes must be traced: Parallel, Mandibular,
Maxillary, and Occlusal Plane R. After tracing these
planes, open/close to refresh the Create Tracing window
to activate the O-Point. The Sassouni O-Point is a 2nd NOTE: The Parallel Plane requires the Supraorbitale Plane
Tier landmark. to be defined. The following Sassouni-specific landmarks
are therefore required: Si, RO, Cl.

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3DAnalysis: Create Face Photo

3DAnalysis allows the user to wrap a common digital photograph over the patient’s soft tissue. This creates
a realistic 3D “skin” that takes the texture of the photograph and can be used to great effect in performing
soft tissue simulations and patient demonstrations. The steps to creating a face photo wrap are as follows:
Click the Create Face Photo to open the dialog. There are two methods available.
Generate face from photo:
The objective is to move the
slider until a smooth soft tissue
frontal profile is visible. This
setting will determine what level
of tissue is used when creating
the face model. Click Create
Face Model when the correct
setting is found. The face model
will be created and automatically
smoothed.
“Optimize for Simulation”:

When checked, the software will
automatically reduce the number
of triangles used in the model to
40,000. This is the optimal
setting for soft tissue simulations.
Click Apply Cutting. Use three
cuts to trim away unnecessary
parts of the face (that may cause
distortion when the photo is
applied). The first will cut
through the face coronally just in
front of the ear. The second will
cut along the jaw line, making
sure the cutting plane aligns with
the mandibular plane. The third
will cut axially across the top of
the skull. Use the arrows to
move the cutting plane and click
the right mouse button to
perform the cut. Click Finish
Cutting when all unnecessary
sections have been removed.
Click Load Photo and choose
the appropriate photo from the
file browser. Check to turn on
“Make Face Model Transparent”
and “Show Registration Grid”
(intersections indicate
registration points) and use
image navigation shortcuts to
align the photo, taking special
care in the lip and nose regions.
Click Apply Photo Wrapping
when the correct alignment is
found.

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Load Face (.obj):
Load the 3D object file and the

corresponding texture file.
The textured skin model can now

be aligned to the volume either
manually using the widget tool or
automatically if the soft tissue
profiles of the case have been
traced. The automatic alignment
process involves placing
landmarks onto the textured skin
model.

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3DAnalysis: Landmark-Based Superimposition

A superimposition can be performed on the current tracing using any saved tracing (.inv or .ctr) file and
user-configured landmarks. This feature combines the visual analysis aspect of volume superimposition with
the quantitative details provided by a cephalometric analysis.
Features:
• View measurements from both volumes in the same window with easy toggle switching
• Visibility On/Off for superimposed volume, tracing, or data
• Automatic superimposition of volumes after one-time landmark configuration setup
• Allows for a template-based analysis (with superimposed saved tracing)
• Compatibility with VCA and frontal configurations
• Orientation synchronization with the Superimposition Tab

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Performing Landmark-Based Superimposition
Click the Superimpose Tracing icon to open the

dialog.
After tracing a case in 3DAnalysis, the user can select
another traced case (.inv) or tracing file (.ctr) to
superimpose over the original.
• Click Select Traced Case... to browse for the file.
Select the case or saved tracing and click Open to
close the browser. If an untraced case is chosen, an
error will appear indicating that there is no tracing
data.
• Click Configure… to open the Configure Landmark
Superimposition window:
• Select a minimum of four landmarks from the

current landmark list and click Add to move them to
the left. Landmarks on the left will be checked with
the superimposed tracing. If they have been traced,
these landmarks will be used to register the two scans.
Click Remove Landmark to remove landmarks if
you are editing your saved configuration. Click Save
to Exit.
• Verify the available landmarks. If the configured
landmarks do not appear in this section, there is no
tracing data available for those landmarks in the
selected case.
• Click Perform Superimposition And Exit to
perform the registration with the current
configuration. This window will automatically close.
• Revisit this window to perform superimposition with
another case (deleting the current superimposition),
reconfigure the superimposition landmarks, and to
toggle the following visibility options (“Superimposed
Volume,” “Superimposed Tracing,” and
“Superimposed Data”).
Tip: For performing a template-based analysis, the user can

superimpose the saved tracing template to the patient scan
using mid-sagittal plane landmarks.
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Superimposition Text View
After a superimposition has been performed with a traced case, the Text View can be toggled to show either
the tracing/analysis data for the current or superimposed case.
The Text View can be toggled by:
• Checking/unchecking the box next to “Show SuperImposed Data” in the Superimpose Tracing dialog.
• Clicking the “Superimposed” or ”Default Tracings” banner above the text data to toggle data sets.
• Pressing “s” on the keyboard.
The yellow “Superimposed” text indicates which data set the Text View is currently displaying. If the
superimposed tracing contains at least the same amount of corresponding data as the current, differences
will only be seen in the measurement value section and the colored wigglegram, allowing the user to easily
compare the two sets of data.
If toggling reveals a discrepancy in the available measurements, landmarks, or references, then check to
make sure that the two cases contain the same traced landmarks and profiles.
Visual preferences are locked for the superimposed case – only the visual preferences for the current case
can be changed. Alter these settings to help differentiate between the two data sets, such as angle and line
color. Superimposed tracing color will be yellow by default.

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How Does 3DAnalysis Work with the Superimposition Tab?
3DAnalysis landmark-based superimposition and Import Volume within the Superimposition Tab achieve
the same basic purpose with some differences only in the available tools and method of superimposition.
The compatibility of the two methods of superimposition will be explained below.
Only one superimposition can be supported at a time

• Users can either choose to import a saved tracing using the Import New Volume function of
Superimposition tab or the Superimpose tracing function of 3DAnalysis. The volume will be visible in
both views, with additional tracing data visible in 3DAnalysis if it exists.
• Trying to superimpose an additional case in either tab with a superimposition already performed will
overwrite the currently superimposed case. Mirror Own Volume will also overwrite the current
superimposition.
• Changes in orientation performed in one tab will affect the other tab. The benefit of this is that a user can
superimpose to landmarks in 3DAnalysis and then move to the Superimposition tab and perform an
additional volume-based registration to fine-tune the location of the superimposition.
The following settings must be performed in the Superimposition Tab (to take effect in 3DA):
• Clipping
• Volume rendering presets
• Brightness and contrast settings
• Volume Registration
• Adjustments by Move Widget
The following settings overlap between the two tabs:

• Superimposed volume on/off
• Landmark registration (in 3DA, this is performed automatically with preconfigured landmarks)

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3DAnalysis: Layout Options
Slice Locator Text View

Slice Locator: This three-paned window allows the user to adjust the placement of points using multiple viewing
angles of the same location: axial, coronal, and sagittal. This tool is important for placing landmarks that require
increased accuracy, such as the top of the condyle head. The panes are zoomed-in to provide additional accuracy.
Text View: Contains visibility controls and values for landmarks, measurements, reference planes, and analysis
configurations.
Print Layout: This layout loads preconfigured

visibility options that are printer-friendly so the
user can easily share or save a physical copy of
the analysis results. In this layout mode, printing
will automatically occur with the volume in life-
size.
Zoom-in and zoom-out features will be disabled to

maintain a life-sized volume, and all text and tracing
will be black by default. Both the volume and colored
wigglegram will maintain color unless configured
differently.
Print Out
View

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3DAnalysis: 3DAnalysis Settings
Press the 3DAnalysis Settings icon and a window will appear allowing you to create and/or define any of
the following:
• Tracing Tasks
• Landmarks
• Measurements
• References (Lines, Planes)
• Analyses
• Groups
• Population Norm Data
• Visual Preference
• Soft Tissue Ratios

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Tracing Task: This tab shows the definition list of current tracing task series. The tracing task will be
performed in the order displayed on this list. To change the tracing task order, press the Edit button in the
bottom left corner of the window. According to the definition of coordinate system, the appropriate
coordinate system defining tasks will always be the starting tasks and added automatically.
• Edit: Opens “Tracing Guide” dialog to edit the tracing task list or adjust the view states for individual
tracing tasks. For more information, refer to 3DAnalysis: Tracing Guide (pg. 173).

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Landmark: This tab shows the definition list of all available landmarks that can be used for defining
measurements and references. Each landmark has a unique name and will be displayed in every view within the
Rendering Window. Landmarks have a group definition for sorting when Text View is activated. You can add
user-defined landmarks, marked with a star (*) in column 'U.' Predefined landmarks cannot be deleted. User-
defined landmarks cannot be deleted when used by other measurements or references.
• Add: Create a new landmark

• Edit: Edit currently selected landmark
• Delete: Delete currently selected user-defined landmark

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Special Landmark Properties
Underneath the group list, there are two landmark

properties that can be modified using the adjacent
checkboxes:
On Mid-Sagittal Plane
Projects a landmark on any part of the volume directly to
the defined mid-sagittal plane. Cannot be used to define
the coordinate system.
Midpoint
Automatically creates a midpoint between two landmarks
when both are traced; there will be no tracing task option.
Clicking the checkbox will bring up a Define 2nd Tier
landmark submenu with two drop-down boxes for
selecting the landmarks. 2nd Tier indicates that the
placement of the landmark is dependent on the placement
of other landmarks. Can be used to define the coordinate
system.

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Measurement: This tab shows the definition list of all available measurements. Every measurement has a unique
name and will be displayed in every view within the rendering window. Measurements have a group definition for
sorting when Text View is activated. Measurements can be defined in several ways using default and/or user-
defined landmarks, reference lines, and reference planes. Measurements can be in 3D or projected to a specified
reference plane for supporting 2D measurements. Measurements cannot be deleted when used in an analysis.
• Add: Create a new measurement.

• Edit: Edit currently selected measurement.
• Delete: Delete currently selected measurement.
• Search Landmark: Search for measurements by landmark.

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Reference: This tab shows the definition list of all available references. Every reference has a unique name and
will be displayed in every view within the rendering window. References have a group definition for sorting when
Text View is activated. Reference lines and reference planes can be defined in several ways using landmarks and/or
other reference lines and planes. References cannot be deleted when used to define other measurements,
references or the coordinate system (ex: mid-sagittal plane and frontal plane).
• Add: Create a new reference line or reference plane.

• Edit: Edit currently selected reference.
• Delete: Delete currently selected reference.
• Search Landmark: Search for references by landmark.

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Analysis: This tab shows the definition list of all available analyses. Analyses include existing 2D analysis
standards (ex: McNamara, Ricketts, Steiner). You can also create your own analysis using default and/or user-
defined measurements. Only checked analyses will be reported within the Text View and only default analyses can
be compared to existing data using norm data (compared visually using wigglegram). User-defined analyses can be
compared to existing data if the data is added manually (see the Norm Data section, pg. 170).
The tracing tasks required for all of the measurements of the selected analysis are displayed under Required
Landmarks but may need to be manually added into the Tracing Tasks list (see 3DAnalysis: Tracing Guide,
pg. 173).
• Add: Create a new analysis.

• Clone: Make a copy of the currently selected analysis.
• Edit: Edit currently selected analysis.
• Delete: Delete currently selected analysis.

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Group: This tab shows the definition list of all available groups used for landmarks, measurements, and norm
data. By default, four predefined user Norm Data Groups (My African American, My Asian, My Caucasian and
My Latin) are automatically generated within the definition list. A user-defined Norm Data Group can reference
an external norm data file or CSV file. This file can be an accumulated measurement archive file.
• Add: Create a new group.

• Edit: Edit currently selected group.
• Delete: Delete currently selected group.

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Norm Data: This tab shows the norm data (mean and standard deviation of measurements) list of all available
ethnic Norm Data Groups that can be used for analysis and displayed graphically using the wigglegram. The
norm data can be changed at any time in 3DAnalysis so you can compare the patient's tracings with data from
several ethnic groups. The default Norm Data Group is Caucasian, but 3DAnalysis includes norm data for other
well-known ethnic groups. Custom Norm Data Groups can be defined using external norm data files (see Group
section, pg. 169). The mean and standard deviation of new measurements can also be defined manually within the
Norm Data tab.
• Add: Create a new norm data.

• Edit: Edit currently selected norm data.
• Delete: Delete currently selected norm data.

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Visual Preference: This tab allows you to change the colors and attributes of 3DAnalysis objects and select color
usage for Print Layout. Select Projection can select projection type of light source from volume object with
parallel projection set by default. When “Use Foreground Color” is unchecked, all 3DAnalysis objects (landmarks,
measurements, references, etc.) will be displayed in color on Print Layout.

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Soft Tissue Ratios: This tab allows you to change the soft tissue deformation ratios across different axes for 3D
Surgery manipulations. Checking “R-L Matches A-P” will match the R-L values to the A-P values of the
respective landmarks automatically. Reset to Defaults will revert the values to the ones shown below.

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3DAnalysis: Tracing Guide
To open the Tracing Guide window, press either the Setup button from the Tracing Tasks window or Edit from
the Tracing Tasks tab within Settings.
Tracing Guide: The Tracing Guide window shows a list of the current Tracing Tasks (left list box) and a list of
available Tracing Features (right list box). Within the window, you can add, move, or reorder Tracing Tasks, change
the coordinate system and record the best view settings for specific Tracing Tasks.
• <: Add the highlighted Available Tracing Feature to the Current Tracing List. All available landmark
definitions and predefined profile Tracing Tasks currently not in use are listed in Available Tracing
Features box.
• >: Remove the highlighted tracing task from the Current Tracing List. Coordinate system tracing tasks
and respective landmarks cannot be removed.
• Up: Change order to move up that selected tracing task. Tracing tasks near the top of the list take priority
when creating tracings. Tracing tasks do not take priority over coordinate system tracing tasks and so
cannot move above coordinate system tracing tasks.
• Dn: Change order to move down that selected tracing task. Coordinate system tracing tasks cannot move
below normal tracing tasks.

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• Coordinate system change: You can change coordinate system definition by selecting either “No
Coordinate System,” “by Moving Widget,” or “Picking Landmarks.” Select Change to change which
landmarks will define the coordinate system. (See 3DAnalysis: Coordinate System, pg. 136.)
• Use Current View Settings: You can change the default view state of a tracing task. Highlight a tracing
task under the “Current Tracing List.” Set the Rendering Window to a preferred view by adjusting the
brightness, volume visibility (if tracing on models for certain tasks), orientation, clipping, etc. (relative to
the current patient coordinate System). Press Use Current View Settings to save the current view state.
During your tracing, the highlighted tracing task will automatically set itself to the saved view state.
Note: Before adding the frontal incisor profiles to the current tracing task list, you must first ensure that the lateral
profiles are no longer on the list.. The two types of incisor profiles are not intended to be used simultaneously.

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3DAnalysis: Default Tracing Tasks and Landmarks
Name Definition Description
A A-Point Deepest midline point on the premaxilla between the anterior nasal
spine and prosthion. Point is determined within the software from the
maxillary profile.
Ag_L Left Antegonion Highest point of the concavity of the lower border of the ramus where
it joins the body of the mandible (left side). Point is determined within
the software from the left mandibular profile.
Ag_R Right Antegonion Highest point of the concavity of the lower border of the ramus where
it joins the body of the mandible (right side). Point is determined within
the software from the right mandibular profile.
ANS Anterior Nasal Spine Anterior point of nasal spine defined by the maxillary profile.
B B-Point Deepest midline point on the mandible between infradentale and

pogonion. Point is determined within the software from the symphyseal
profile.
Ba Basion Anterior point of foramen magnum.
Co_L Left Condyle Most posterior superior point on the condyle of the mandible (left side).
Point is determined within the software from the mandibular profile.
Co_R Right Condyle Most posterior-superior point on the condyle of the mandible (right
side). Point is determined within the software from the mandibular
profile.
Coord_sys ... Coordinate System The landmark (preceded with “Coord_sys”) will be used to define the
Defining Point coordinate system for subsequent landmarks and tracing tasks.
Custom Profile Custom Profile Using points with connecting lines, a custom profile can be made to
highlight a certain anatomical feature.
Gn Gnathion Point on chin between the menton and pogonion. Point is determined
within the software from the symphyseal profile.
Go_L Left Gonion Most outward point on the angle formed by the junction of the ramus
and the body of the mandible (left side). Point is determined within the
software from the mandibular profile.
Go_R Right Gonion Most outward point on the angle formed by the junction of the ramus
and the body of the mandible (right side). Point is determined within
the software from the mandibular profile.
Id Infradentale Point of transition from the crown of the most prominent mandibular
medial incisor to the alveolar projection. Point is determined within the
software fom the mandibular profile.
Ils Soft-tissue B Point Deepest midline point on the mandible between the infradentale and the
pogonion projected onto the soft tissue.Point is determined within the
software from the lower soft tissue profile.
Left Mandibular Left Mandibular Trace the left-side mandibular profile with a series of points (double-
Profile Profile click or right-click to finish tracing). Include the coronoid process,
mandibular notch, condyle, and ramus profiles.
Li Labrale Inferius Most anterior point of lower lip. Point is determined within the software
from the lower soft tissue profile.
Ls Labrale Superius Most anterior point of upper lip. Point is determined within the
software from the lower soft tissue profile.

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Lower Left Incisor Lower Left Incisor Define the profile of the lower left incisor using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Root of lower incisor (LIroot_L)
2. Crown of lower incisor (LIcrown_L)
3. Labial point of lower incisor (LIlabial_L)
Lower Left Molar Lower Left Molar Define the profile of the lower left molar using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Anterior root of lower molar (LMroot_L)
2. Anterior cusp of lower molar (LMcusp_L)
3. Posterior cusp of lower molar
Lower Right Incisor Lower Right Incisor Define the profile of the lower right incisor using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Root of lower incisor (LIroot_R)
2. Crown of lower incisor (LIcrown_R)
3. Labial point of lower incisor (LIlabial_R)
Lower Right Molar Lower Right Molar Define the profile of the lower right molar using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Anterior root of lower molar (LMroot_R)
2. Anterior cusp of lower molar (LMcusp_R)
3. Posterior cusp of lower molar
Lower Soft Tissue Lower Soft Tissue Trace the profile of the lower soft tissue with a series of points (double-
Profile Profile click or right-click to finish tracing). The lower soft tissue is defined as
including the lower lip.
Maxillary Profile Maxillary Profile Trace the profile of the maxilla with a series of points (double-click or
right-click to finish tracing).
Me Menton Lowermost point of the mandibular symphysis. Point is determined

N Nasion Central point along the nasofrontal suture.
Or_L Left Orbitale Bottom ridge of the orbitale on the maxilla (left side)
Or_R Right Orbitale Bottom ridge of the orbitale on the maxilla (right side)
PM Protuberence Menti Point above pogonion at top of crest of the symphysis or at the point
of recess of the anterior symphyseal curvature. Point is determined
Pn Pronasale Most anterior point of the nose tip. Point is determined within the
software from the soft tissue profile.
PNS Posterior Nasal Spine Midpoint of the base of the palatine bones at the posterior margin of
the hard palate. Point is determined within the software from the
maxillary profile.
Po_R Porion (right) Upper ridge of the porion (right side)
Po_L Porion (left) Upper ridge of the porion (left side)
Pog Pogonion Most anterior point on the symphysis of the mandible. Point is
determined within the software from the symphyseal profile.
Pr Prosthion Most anterior point of the maxillary alveolar process in the midline.
Point is determined within the software from the maxillary profile.
Right Mandibular Right Mandibular Trace the right-side mandibular profile with a series of points (double-
Profile Profile click or right-click to finish tracing). Include the coronoid process,
mandibular notch, condyle, and ramus profiles.
Sella Sella Turcica Center of sella turcica

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Soft N Soft-tissue Nasion Deepest point on the concavity of the soft tissue profile overlying the
area of the frontonasal suture. Point is determined within the software
from the soft tissue profile.
Soft Pog Soft-tissue Pogonion Most anterior point on the soft tissue chin in the mid-sagittal plane.
Point is determined within the software from the soft tissue profile.
Sti Stomion inferius Most inferior point located on the lower lip. Point is determined within
the software from the lower soft tissue profile.
Sts Stomion superius Most superior point located on the upper lip. Point is determined within
the software from the upper soft tissue profile.
Symphyseal Profile Symphyseal Profile Trace the profile of the symphysis with a series of points (double-click
or right-click to finish tracing).
Upper Left Incisor Upper Left Incisor Define the profile of the upper left incisor using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Root of upper incisor (UIroot_L)
2. Crown of upper incisor (UIcrown_L)
3. Labial point of upper incisor (UIlabial_L)
Upper Left Molar Upper Left Molar Define the profile of the upper right molar using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Anterior root of upper molar (UMroot_L)
2. Anterior cusp of upper molar (UMcusp_L)
3. Posterior cusp of upper molar
Upper Right Incisor Upper Right Incisor Define the profile of the upper right incisor using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Root of upper incisor (UIroot_R)
2. Crown of upper incisor (UIcrown_R)
3. Labial point of upper incisor (UIlabial_R)
Upper Right Molar Upper Right Molar Define the profile of the upper right molar using 3 points:
Profile Profile 1. Anterior root of upper molar (UMroot_R)
2. Anterior cusp of upper molar (UMcusp_R)
3. Posterior cusp of upper molar
Upper Soft Tissue Upper Soft Tissue Trace the profile of the upper soft tissue with a series of points (double-
Profile Profile click or right-click to finish tracing). The upper soft tissue is defined as
including the upper lip.

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3DAnalysis: Save Information
Whenever you save your file within Invivo, the .inv file will save any tracing tasks and measurements made within
3DAnalysis. The next time you open this .inv file, your measurements, references, etc. will all be saved from your
previous session.
In addition, 3DAnalysis allows you to save your measurements to an external file. Press the Save
Information button to bring up the following options:
• Build Norm Data

• Export Measurements
• Export Landmarks
• Export Tracing
• Save Current Configuration As
• Load A Configuration
• Reset to Default Configuration
Build Norm Data
In the drop-down menu, choose to which norm data file you want your new measurements to be added and press
OK.
Ex. Select “My Caucasian” to add your measurements to the “Caucasian” norm data files (without overwriting the
“Caucasian” norm data). The Analysis tab of the Text View will now contain the data from the “Caucasian” norm data
and the measurement data from your specific patient. The means and standard deviations will be updated accordingly.
Press Create New Norm to create a new norm data file. The Define Group window will open; fill in an
appropriate name and description of your new norm data file and press the User Define button to open up the
User Define Norm Data window. Browse to where the new norm data file is stored and press Open. Press OK
on the Define Group window to finish and close the window. Press OK in the Save Information window to
import the new norm data set.

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Export Measurements
Select the “Export Measurements” option and press OK to export the current measurements of the patient. You
will be prompted with the Export Measurements window where you can choose where you want your file to be
written and the name of the file. Press Save when you have chosen your location and file name and all the current
measurements will be saved as a .csv file for your reference. If you select an already existing .csv measurement file,
your data will be appended to the end of the document. Using your preferred spreadsheet viewing program, you
can open this .csv file to show all measurements in a spreadsheet format for further analysis. The delimiters for
columns are semicolons (;).
Export Landmarks
Exports the landmark names and coordinate data to a .csv file that can be opened by a spreadsheet program. The
delimiters for columns are semicolons (;).
Export Tracing
Select “Save Tracing” and press OK to export the position of the current landmark positions and profile drawings
in a customized XML format. The Save Tracing Data window will open, and you can choose the location and
name of the XML file.
Save Current Configuration As
Saves the current configuration to a user-selected location. The configuration file name can be entered into
either the blank box before clicking OK or chosen during the actual save to location process. The Current
Configuration field will indicate which configuration file is currently being used.
Load a Configuration
Opens a file browser to select a configuration file to be loaded. The program will provide a warning
explaining that the current configuration will be overwritten. It is recommended that the user save the
current configuration as a backup before continuing with the load. The Current Configuration field will
indicate which configuration file is currently being used.
Reset to Default Configuration
Resets the 3DAnalysis configuration to the installation settings.

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3DAnalysis: 3D Surgery Tool

3DAnalysis allows the user to simulate surgical cuts and adjustments to better assess the surgical procedures
necessary to achieve facial harmony.
Warning: 3D Surgery tool’s intended use is for patient consultation and statistical analysis only. For diagnoses, use Invivo.
Certain tracing tasks must be completed before performing certain surgical cuts or visualizing soft tissue
deformation.
Maxilla Cut Mandible Cut Soft Tissue Deformation

ANS Menton Upper Soft Tissue Profile
PNS Left Gonion Lower Soft Tissue Profile
Upper Right Incisal Crown Right Gonion
Upper Right Molar Cusp Upper Right Incisal Crown
Upper Right Molar Cusp
Lower Right Incisal Crown

Subsequent adjustment of the tracing after using the 3D Surgery tool will undo the surgical simulations
performed.

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To begin, click on the 3D Surgery tool to open the 3D Surgery window.
Maxilla, Mandible, Chin Cut: Automatically

calculates a surgical bone cut when checked.
Adjust Cut: Adjust the size and angle of the

cut by manipulating the volume of the cut.
Adjusting the cut after the segment has been
moved or rotated will reset its position.
Move: Moves the bone separated by the cut

either through the widget tools that appear
when the button is toggled on or by inputting
values in the Move and Rotate fields.
Cut Type: Choose from Dal Pont, T&O, and

Hunsuck cuts for the mandible.
Volume:
• Show Volume: Toggle the volume on or
off and switch between the pre- and
post-surgery states.
• Color Cuts: Colors the cut volumes
distinctly from the rest of the volume.
Tracings: Toggle the visibility of the pre- and
post-surgery tracings.
Skin: Toggle the visibility and adjust the

opacity of the pre- or post-surgery skin if
applicable. The “Wireframe” option will
convert the skin to a wire mesh form when
selected.
Reset: Resets all move and rotate values to

zero.
Export Tracing: Exports post-surgery

tracing. An exported tracing can be
reimported as a superimposed tracing.

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By moving the widget tools or entering values directly into the window, the bone sections can be manipulated. A
post-op tracing is created, reflecting the changes. Once the post-op tracing is finalized, close the 3D Surgery dialog.
If Text View is selected, the data of the pre- and post-op scans can be toggled by pressing the “s” key on the
keyboard or click on the “Superimposed” or “Default Tracing” header below the Text View Tabs. To export the
tracing, use Export Tracing in the 3D Surgery dialog.

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3DAnalysis: Profilogram
The profilogram is a simplified representation of the profile tracing based on a few landmarks. The required
landmarks are:
Sella Nasion
Right Orbitale ANS
A-point B-point
Upper Right Incisal Crown Lower Right Incisal Crown
Pogonion Menton
Right Gonion Right Articulare
Right Porion Left Porion
Once the above tasks are traced, click the Profilogram icon. The graphic will automatically be generated. If
3D Surgery was performed on the patient or if a tracing was superimposed, the original tracing’s profilogram will
be drawn with a solid line, while the superimposed tracing will be drawn with a dashed line.
Additional visibility options on the left will allow the user to hide or display labels, lines, and the ruler.
By default, the profilogram will be registered on the sella and superimposed about the Frankfort horizontal plane,
but this is customizable in the Profilogram dialog.

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Report Module Features

The Report View Tab allows for the creation of templates containing images and text. A template can be applied to any case using
this tab. In this picture, the page background is black and represents the page. Several types of items can be placed within this page to
create a detailed report for the patient.

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Report: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Report View Tab:
Add Image: Adds a control to add a single image.
Add Slices: Adds a control to add single slices or a group of slices.
Add Text: Adds a control to add text.
First Page: Navigates to the first page of the report.
Previous Page: Navigates one page back.
Next Page: Navigates one page forward.
Last Page: Navigates to the last page of the report.
Insert Page: Inserts a page after the current page.
New Page: Adds a page to the end of the report.
Remove Page: Deletes the current page.
New Template: Creates a blank template.
Export PDF: Saves the report as a PDF file.

Preferences: Opens preferences for default colors, default image type, default page setup, grid
alignment, and the template save path.

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Report: Control Panel

Template
• Template drop-down: Lists the available templates.
• Manage…: Displays all of the preset templates.
Templates can also be loaded, renamed, and removed in
this dialog.
• Save…: Saves the current template. Templates are
stored locally and show up on the drop-down.
Add New Control
Text:
• Edit Phrases…: Opens a dialog for managing
common phrases to be added to text controls.
• Add Text: Adds a control for text.
Slice Group:
• Slice Group Management: Allows creation and
management of image groups.
• Add Slice Group: Adds a control for 2D slices.
Single Image:
• Add Single Image: Adds a control for one image.
Current Control
• Name drop-down: Shows the name of the currently
selected control from a list of controls on this page.
Each control can be selected from the drop-down menu
instead of clicking the control.
• Image Refresh: Updates the image according to the
changes in the source image.
• Properties: Opens the Properties window for the
current control.
• To Background: Puts the selected image behind other
images.
• To Foreground: Puts the selected image in front of
other images.
Page Control
• Print Page: Enables the current page to be printed.
• Page Setup: Opens page setup to allow you to set
printer, paper size, margins, and background/border
properties of the page.
• Page Information is displayed showing the current settings.
Previous/Next Page: Page navigation controls.
• Delete Page: Removes the current page.
• Insert Page: Inserts a page after the current page.

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Report: Rendering Window
The rendering window displays the report page and is the main area for designing and viewing reports and
templates. The page navigation buttons in the toolbar allow the user to switch between pages in a multi-page
report to choose which is displayed in the design window.
Adjusting the position and zoom of the report within the rendering window uses the same keyboard and mouse
combinations as in other Invivo tabs:
Zoom – Ctrl + Left-Click + Drag Mouse
Pan – Shift + Left-Click + Drag Mouse
Free Rotate – Left-Click + Drag Mouse
For additional keyboard and mouse shortcuts relating to the Report Tab, see the Full Screen and Keyboard
Shortcuts section (pg. 35).

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Report: Adding Text Controls

Text Controls are boxes that display text. The text will be on top of any images and can use case information.
Note: View and edit case information from File Case Info.
Adding and Sizing

• Navigate the mouse cursor to the View Control on the
left and select the button labeled Add Text.
• Size the control: The image on the left shows the
control rectangle during creation. The control is created
by two separate points and will not show up until after
the first point has been placed.
Warning: If you create the control outside of the

page, you will receive an error message and the
control will not be created.
Resizing and Customization

• After creating the control, it will look like the image on
the left.
• Resize the control: Click and drag the green squares or
the borders. Alternatively, set the height and width from
the Properties window.
• Move the control: Click and drag with the left mouse
button or use the arrow keys on your keyboard after
clicking inside the control.
• Select a control: Click on the control or select it from
the Name drop-down on the Control Panel. Pressing
the Delete key will delete the control. To see the
control's properties, press the Properties button while
it is selected. Double-clicking the control also shows its
properties.
• Select multiple controls: Click more than one control
while holding the “Ctrl” key on the keyboard.
Supported multi-control operations are movement and
deletion.
• Copy and paste controls: Select a control, press Ctrl +
C, then press Ctrl + V to paste it at another location.

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Text Phrases
Text phrases allow you to store common phrases
within the software and insert them into text
controls. This dialog can be opened from the
Control Panel or by clicking on a text control.
• Search: Searches for the term in the list of stored
phrases.
• Add: Opens a dialog for creating a new phrase.
• Edit: Opens a dialog for editing the selected
phrase.
• Remove: Removes the selected phrase.
• Insert: Inserts the selected phrase into the text
control.
• Text Input: If a text control is selected, type
directly into the box to update the text control
on the report.

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Text Box Properties

This dialog can be opened by double-clicking on a
text control.
• Name: Name of the control
• Width: Width of the control
• Height: Height of the control
• Font Options: Family, size, color, alignment,
bold, and italics can be changed.
• Show on Every Page: Check this option to
show the text in the control on every page of
the template.
• Text Input Box: Enter text to be displayed in
this text box.
Variables
• Allows the insertion of information pulled from
Case Info or Gallery Comments.
• Group: Select the type of information to be
inserted from the drop-down: Clinical,
Identification, Patient, and Gallery Comments.
• Description: Exact Case Info or Gallery
Comment to put into the text control. For
example, if “Clinical” is selected, the choices will
be: Clinical Address, ID, Name, or Phone
number (see picture to the left). Options will
change for each group. For Gallery Comments, it
will display image names.
• Insert: After choosing variables, press Insert. A
variable will be added at the cursor position with
a new line created for each variable.
You can also double-click on the item to insert it.
Background
• Checking “Transparent” will show the chosen
color instead of the background color.
Border
• Set the border color, thickness, and style.
• Style can be dashed, solid, or none (not
displayed).

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Report: Adding Slice Group Controls

Slice Group Controls can hold a single slice or a series of slices. (See Report: Slice Group Management,
pg. 196.)
Note: If no slice groups exist, you will be prompted to create one.
Adding a Slice Group:
• Click the Add Slice Group button.

• Control is added and controlled the same way as a Text Control. (See Report: Adding Text Controls
pg. 188.)
• Properties can be changed by clicking Properties in the Current Control section of the View Control.
Warning: When resizing a Slice Group Control, note that the slice numbers will disappear if the control
is downsized past a limit (approximately the size that the numbers can no longer fit within each
respective slice).
Image Group Box Properties

Image
• Name: Name of the control.
• Height/Width: Determine the dimensions of the
control.
• Display Mode: “Fit” will stretch the image to fit the
control while maintaining aspect ratio. “Clip” will use
clipping to fill the control space (see Display
Mode/Image Alignment in the next section for
details).
• Images Per Row: Number of slices per row. Input of
“0” will create one row.
• Image Alignment: Determines how the image will be
oriented within the control (see Display
Mode/Image Alignment in the next section for
details).
• Show on Every Page: Select to show this control on
every page of the template.
• Auto update image: Select to update the image
automatically if it is changed. If disabled, images can
be refreshed with the Image Refresh button.
See the next page for more information on Slice Image

Source.

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Ruler
• Position: Placement of the ruler to left, right, bottom,
and/or top. Any combination can be selected. (left)
• Color: Color of the ruler
Background/Border
Refer to the properties section of Report: Adding Text
Controls (pg. 188) for more information on these options.
Slice Image Source Details:

• Single Group: Displays slices from a single group. Refer to Report: Capturing Slices (pg. 198) for
more information on the restrictions and functionality of slice range.
• Selected Group: Selected group to use as input.
• Start Slice: First slice to be displayed from the group.
• End Slice: Last slice to be displayed.
• Multiple Groups: Manually add captured slices one by one to display.
• Available Slices: All slices captured in the current case file.
• Current Slices: All slices chosen to display in this control.
• > Button: Moves selected Available Slice(s) to Current Slices for display.
• < Button: Moves selected Current Slice(s) to Available Slices to no longer display.

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Report: Adding Single Image Controls

Control that holds a single image from a selected source view.
Adding a Single Image Control:
• Click the Add Single Image button.

• Control is added and sized the same way as a Text Control. (See Report: Adding Text Controls,
pg. 188.)
• Properties can be changed by clicking Properties in the Current Control section of the View Control.
Single Image Box Properties
Image
• Name, Display Mode, Width, Height, Show on
Every Page, and Auto update image control the
same properties as for Slice Groups (see Report:
Adding Slice Group Controls).
• Source View: Choose a view tab to take images
from. Selecting “From a File” will load an image
from the computer and store it as part of the
template.
Warning: Bitmaps under 24 bit

may not display correctly.
• Selected Image: Determines the exact image to

be displayed from the source view (Note: Images
will not be available until the specified source
view has been “visited” to provide an image to
load. See Report: Image Type Definitions for
details on dynamic images.)
• Display Mode/Image Alignment: This will choose where the image is aligned to. “Fit” display mode
will resize the image to fit the control while maintaining aspect ratio. When the “Clip” display mode is
chosen, alignment will only occur when an alignment option is actively selected. See the following page
for more information on the “Fit” display mode.
Ruler, Background, and Border
• These sections control the same properties as in the slice group Properties window. (See Report:
Adding Slice Group Controls, pg. 191.)

®
Example of Fit Image Alignment:
This example is done with a “Bottom Left Fit Alignment” position with a white background. The image will
originate from the bottom left and will show the background above it or to the right when it does not fill the
control.
Report: Image Type Definitions

Dynamic Images:
These images can always be up-to-date with the latest changes performed on them if desired. When adding an
image to a control, you can choose not to auto-update the image, keeping the current image until the auto-update
setting is changed or the image is manually refreshed. There are two types of dynamic images.
Note: Capturing images from specific layouts requires that the layout is currently selected when leaving the aforementioned view tab and
reloading the Report Tab. Ex. The pano screen in the Implant Tab will not be captured unless the Pano layout is on when leaving the
view.
• Single image view sources except Gallery and external images are dynamic.
• To populate the image source for images, go to a view tab. As you leave the view, images for that
view are captured.
• After an image has been added to a control, it will update when changes are made in that view. For
example, if a measurement is added to Section Tab's axial view, the image in the Report Tab will
now display that measurement.
• These images are saved with the case file.
• Slice images
• These are captured manually.
• These are the input for the Add Slice Control.
• They have the same dynamic update behavior as above.

®
Static Images:
These images will never change unless you manually change the source image. There are two sources of static
images.
• Gallery
• All images in the Gallery are either captured from other views or imported by using the Import
Images function. They will not always be life size.
• From a File
• These images come from the local computer or another source. They will never be life size.
• These images are saved with the template.
• If an image that already exists in the template is added, the software will prompt whether to replace
the image or keep using the older one.

®
Report: Slice Group Management

Groups are created in the Report Tab and used in slice controls. The groups are populated from ArchSection and
TMJ Tabs only.
Slice Group Management: To add/modify groups,

click the Slice Group Management button in the Page
section of the View Control.
Add/Edit Group Name: Name of the new group or

the new name of the selected group.
Slice Type: Type of slice for this group.
• Arch Axial Slice: ArchSection Tab’s axial slice

mode
• Arch Cross Slice: ArchSection Tab’s cross-section
slice mode
• TMJ Left Cross Slice: TMJ Tab’s left cross slices
• TMJ Right Cross Slice: TMJ Tab’s right cross
slices
Description: Optional description for group.
Add Group Button: Adds the new group to the

template's groups.
Edit Group Button: This will replace the selected

group with the new group. If the slice type changes, all
of the slices will be removed. If any slices in this group
are not in other groups, they will also be removed from
the case file.
Remove Group Button: This will permanently delete

the currently selected group from the current template.
If any slices in this group are not in other groups, they
will also be removed from the case file.
Selected Group: This holds all of the existing groups

on the template. Can be selected for Edit and Remove
operations.
The image on the left displays the corresponding slices for this
particular Slice Group.

®
Adding Slices to a Group

IMPORTANT: Only the ArchSection and TMJ Tabs allow you to capture slices to a slice group.
ArchSection and TMJ Tabs have a toolbar button (shown below) that will enable the slice-capturing mode. While
in this mode, you can see all captured slices for a selected group. It also allows you to add or remove slices from
the slice group.
Slice Capture Mode – This will open the dialog that will enable you to capture slices to a group.
Capture Slices Dialog:
Capture Target: Allows selection of group to

add/remove slices. All parameters are read-only here.
The selection of slices can be modified in the Slice
Group Properties in the Report Tab.
• Name: Name of the current group

• Type: The group's slice type
• Description: Optional description for this group
Action: Description of the capture slice options
(discussed in more detail in the next section).
Select Range: Allows use of the pano or frontal image

to capture the slices. Press the Select Range button
then pick two points on the pano to mark the start and
end slices. All of the slices in between will be added to
the group. The number of slices depends on the slice
interval and slice thickness set.
Status: Allows viewing of all slices in this group.
• Number of Captured Slices: List of all slices in

the current group with a count of the total
number
• Remove Slice: Remove the selected slice(s)
• Remove All: Removes all captured slices
The image on the left displays the corresponding slice that would be
captured with this Slice Group.

®
Capturing Slices
There are three ways to capture a slice in the capturing mode in ArchSection or TMJ. All captured slices for the
current group will have their frames highlighted in green in the source tabs. Their locations will also be marked on
the pano and frontal images. Arch axial slices will not be marked on the pano. Note: For the arch axial slice type,
ArchSection layout must be in lightbox mode with axial sections chosen for capturing. Slices outside the selected
group's slice type cannot be captured.
Slice Capture
• Single Slice Capture: Hold the “s” key on the keyboard and left-click any slice to capture it. The
selected slice will be highlighted. Note: Repeating this will deselect the slice.
• Group Slice Capture: Hold the “a” key on the keyboard and left-click any slice to capture it. Click on
another slice, and all slices in between the two slices will be captured including the second slice.
• Select Range: This will capture slices within a range designated in the pano or frontal images depending
on the view. Note: This is not available for arch axial slices.
Select two points on the pano in ArchSection or the

frontal images in TMJ.
• After clicking once on the image, a red line will

appear. This is the starting slice of what will be
captured.
• When clicked a second time, all slices between
the red line and the second point will be
captured. A second red line marks the end slice.
White lines will denote every captured slice as
defined by the cross-section parameters. See
image to the left.
• A gallery image with the slice group name of the
The image above shows the configured slice range on pano or frontal will be added. If it already exists,
the ArchSection pano. it will be replaced. Note: This will replace any
other image with the same name regardless of
Note: If slices have already been captured to the Report how it was captured to Gallery.
Tab, white lines denoting these slices will be seen on the
pano even before the Select Range function is used.
Use the Toggle Visibility button to hide these lines.

®
Slice Control Selection Details

Start and end slice are determined by their slice numbers. This number can be seen on each slice in the upper
right. This is only enabled for single groups. When selecting the range of slices to be displaced, the number
indicates which slice in the series is shown and does not correspond to the slice number itself.
• Start Slice: What slice in group to start displaying. 0 defaults to the first slice.
• End Slice: What slice in group to stop displaying. 0 defaults to last slice.
Slice Range Examples:
• You can show the first two slices by setting Start Slice to 1 and End Slice to 2. You could also show the
next two by setting the start to 3 and the end to 4.
• All slices can be shown by setting Start and End Slice to 0.
• If Start Slice > End Slice, only the End Slice will be shown.
• If Start Slice > Number of slices and End Slice = 0 or End Slice ≥ Number of slices, then only the last
slice will be shown.
• If either is set to blank, they will default to 0.
• If End Slice > Number of slices, the last slice will be the End Slice.

®
Report: Managing Templates

Once a report layout is created, it can be saved and reloaded in other cases as a template. Templates are saved
locally in the file path designated under “Template Path” in the Preferences dialog. These saved templates will
automatically appear in the drop-down menu. To display a preview of all the available templates or to edit them,
click on Manage… on the Control Panel.
Manage Preset Templates

• All of the saved templates will be shown here.
• Each color represents a different type of control:
• Blue: Text control
• Red: Image control
• Yellow: Slice group control
• Templates may also be loaded from this window by
left-clicking on them.
• Previous/Next: Goes to the previous or next page of
templates, respectively.
• Edit List: Opens a dialog for editing template
properties.
• Close: Closes the dialog.
Edit Template Presets

• Add…: Load an existing template that was saved
elsewhere.
• Rename…: Rename the selected template.
• Remove: Remove the selected template.

®
Report: Preferences
Default Control Colors: Colors for border,
background, font, and rulers.
Default Image Type: Choose between “Fit” or

“Clip” display modes.
Default Page Setup:
• Printer: Printer in current use. This changes the

available paper sizes. This list includes all of the
printers available to the computer.
• Paper Size: Uses the printer drivers to set the
height and width of the page.
• Orientation: Portrait or landscape setup.
• Margins: Margins (in inches) for the template.
Used for where controls can be placed.
• Background: Color and transparent options.
• Border: Color, thickness, and style options for
the border. Styles are solid line, dotted line, or no
line at all.
• Margins: Margins for the border. This can differ
from the page margins.
Behavior: Specifies behavior of the template during

design.
• Enable Alignment Grid: If checked, all

controls will attach to their top-left corner to the
nearest grid point. If unchecked, they will be
placed wherever the user drags them.
Template Path: Choose where templates are saved to and loaded from. Load/Save template will default to this
directory, but users can navigate elsewhere manually.

®
Report: Page Setup

This displays and allows configuration of the page settings. These are the settings the template uses. When
printing, the correct printer and paper size must be chosen from the print setup.
Note: The first time the software loads, your default printer configuration is used to set the printer and paper size
for the report. Report defaults can be changed from the Preferences menu.
Page Setup:
To modify page settings, click the Page Setup button

in the View Control.
Page Configuration:
• Printer: Printer to use for this template.

• Paper Size: Current paper size. Letter size is the
default. Only displays paper sizes for the
currently selected printer.
• Paper Orientation: Portrait or landscape
orientation (Note: Margins will not change, so
paper may appear to have different proportions
when switching between portrait and landscape.)
• Margins: Margins (in inches) for the page.
Background:
• Checking transparent will show the chosen color

instead of the background.
Border:
• Set the border color, thickness, and style.

• Style can be dashed, solid, or none (not
displayed).
• Margins: Location of the borders.
Page information of the chosen configuration will always be

displayed in the Page section of the View Control.

®
Stitching Module Features

The Stitching View Tab provides the ability to merge two DICOM data sets. This will give you the ability to utilize CBCT
machines with smaller fields of view fully.
||

®
Stitching: Toolbar
Shown below are the Toolbar and tools that are loaded with the Stitching View Tab:
Reset: Resets the modeling window to the original view size.
View Angles: Quick view angle presets.
Layout: Toggles the rendering window layout.
Grid: Toggles between different grid layouts on the volume, allowing quick assessment of
measurements and spatial location.
Landmark Registration: This tool is used to register the original volume to the imported volume. Four
or more anatomical points are chosen from each scan to properly align them.
Move Widget: This tool is used to make adjustments to align the two volumes better.

®
Stitching: View Control

Import New File: Used to import the second volume by opening an
invivo file (.inv) or DICOM (.dcm) of your choice.
Original Volume and New Volume: Different viewing options,

such as visibility, rendering type, brightness, and contrast for each
volume can be selected or adjusted independently.
3D Volume Clipping: Click the “Enable Clipping” box to clip the

image along the predefined anatomical planes (sagittal, axial, coronal,
and arch). Scrolling the mouse wheel or moving the slider will move
the clipping plane. To switch a view to the opposite side, click “Flip.”
New Volume Slices: The Opacity slider adjusts the opacity of the
superimposed volume. The Color button changes the color of the
superimposed volume.
Adjust Final Stitched Image Size: This feature will allow you to set
new boundaries for the stitched scans. If the stitched volume does not
fit into the window or is off centered, you can use this feature to
adjust the boundaries.
Save Stitched Image File: This button will save the stitched
volumes into an invivo file. Upon saving, the two volumes will be
merged and open as a regular Invivo file.

®
Stitching: How to Stitch Two Volumes

Invivo provides an easy-to-use tool that combines two volumes to create a larger field-of-view scan. Although it is
easy to use, it is a technique-sensitive feature with the most critical step being the registration of the scans by
selecting stable landmarks. The next section shows how to stitch two scans step by step.
Step 1. Save DICOM Files as Invivo Files.
Both scans are recommended to be saved as Invivo files (.inv) before proceeding. See the section on Invivo File
Saving if you are not sure how to save your DICOM files as Invivo files.
Step 2. Open the First Invivo File.
Open the first Invivo file. You do not have to open them in any order.
Step 3. Import Volume.
Go to the Stitching Tab. Click on the Import New File button on the View Control to select the second scan:
Step 4. Registering the Two Scans to Each Other.
In order to stitch the scans correctly, strict attention must be exercised in selecting at least four matching and stable
landmarks in both scans. Use the Registration function:

®
Select the first landmark on one scan, and then select the exact matching landmark on the other scan. The
landmarks are selected by pressing the center scroll wheel of the mouse or by the space bar on the keyboard. Each
point shows up as blue or red pixels (above). The image can be rotated with the mouse as usual.
Because the points are plotted on the volume, careful attention must be taken so that the brightness is not too
high; otherwise, the point could be offset from the point intended. Clipping the scan may make the selection of
the exact point easier and potentially more precise.
Once at least four points are plotted and matched, click the right mouse button to register the two scans.

®
The above image is of an upper and a lower field of view. The blue outline from the second scan closely overlaps
the original bone-colored scan in the shared region.
The following image is of two volumes imprecisely registered. The blue and orange skeletal boundaries do not line
up, leading to the presence of double images:

®
Step 5. Making Adjustments for Precision.
The next step is to check the cross sections for accuracy and make the necessary adjustments. The stitching is
shown in 3D as well as in the cross sections.
To enlarge the cross sections, use the Toggle Layout icon on the toolbar:
If the stitch is not completely precise in one of the sections, you can move the volume or the cross section
for better alignment using the Adjust tool:
Each anatomical plane should be checked for precision. The cranial base should match up perfectly because
it is stable; however the vertebrae may not because the patient's head is usually tilted differently in each scan.

®
Step 6. Saving Final Stitched Scan
Use the “Adjust Final Stitched Image Size” tool to set the boundaries by dragging the white handles of the
bounding box. Make sure the entire volume range is included.
When the bounding box has been adjusted to the size desired, turn off the “Adjust Final Stitched Image Size”
function and click the Save Stitched Image File button on the bottom left.
This will save an Invivo file (.inv) with the two scans together as one.

®
Invivo5 Software Troubleshooting

Category Error Solution
General Error Message: Click the “Don't Send” Button.

Check if there are old versions of optional plug-ins, remove
InVivoDental Application has encountered a problem and needs to close. We are them or upgrade them to be compatible with InVivoDental.
sorry for the inconvenience. Launch InVivoDental application again.
Warning: Treatment information can only be manually saved.
All information added after last saving will be lost.
Cannot launch InVivoDental Open Task Manager and check if multiple instances of
InVivoDental are already running.
Close other InVivoDental processes.
Launch InVivoDental application again.
Computer failure Launch InVivoDental application again.

Warning: Treatment information can only be manually saved.
All information added after last saving will be lost.
Installation Error Message: Check Internet connection.

If Internet is connected, try again later.
Server is not Responding
Error Message: Run the installer/application as administrator.

Please run as administrator to activate software
Error Message: Check the license code and try again.

Failed to verify the license code! Check Internet connection and try again.

Wrong License Code!

Invalid Authorization code
Error Message: Change printer setting or create an image with smaller size.
Actual size of the image can't fit to the paper size!
File Operations Error Message: Close all the other applications.

Failed to create process. Please close other applications and try again. Launch InVivoDental application again.
Error Message: Check if this file is supported by InVivoDental.

Error: Cannot read this file
Message: Close all the other applications.

Not enough memory Launch InVivoDental application again.
Error Message: Check if the remaining disk capacity for the temporary
Can't create temporary save file! folder is big enough.

Failed to read DICOM file!

Can't read Dicom’s Image Data!
Try to open a file but nothing showing up Check if this file is supported by InVivoDental.
Error Message: Check if the file is the correct type.

Cannot save file! Check if the file path is correct and folder is writable.

®
Image Rendering Error Message: Check if the graphics card meets system requirements.
Can't detect hardware acceleration for OpenGL support! Check if the latest driver is installed for the graphics card.
Image is distorted Switch to another view and switch back.
Grayscale image shows up for all rendering presets Check if the graphics card meets system requirements.
Check if the latest driver is installed for the graphics card.
Warning Message: Check if the DICOM files are exported correctly.

3D reconstruction may not work!
For all other issues, please contact Anatomage Inc. Customer Support at (408) 885-1474.

®
Index
This comprehensive list provides a quick and easy way to find the relevant information that you would like to
examine.
3D Landmark Point..................................................................................................................................... 44, 122, 133
3DAnalysis View Tab ................................................................................................................................................. 132
Abutment ....................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Airway Measurement ........................................................................................................................................ 41, 45, 50
Analysis................................................................................................................................................................. 148, 168
Anatomical Plane Clipping .......................................................................................................................................... 34
AnatoModel ................................................................................................................................................................. 129
Apical Space................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Arch Section View Tab ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Arch Spline .............................................................................................................................. 53, 58, 68, 91, 97, 98, 99
Articulation .................................................................................................................................................................... 89
Bone Density ................................................................................................................................................................. 76
Bridges ............................................................................................................................................................................ 88
Brightness & Contrast.......................................................................................................... 38, 46, 55, 62, 93, 98, 135
Build Crown................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Case Information .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Check Sleeves .......................................................................................................................................................... 61, 71
Clipping ...........................................................................................................................................46, 63, 107, 124, 135
Collision Indicator .................................................................................................................................................. 78, 80
Color Presets ..................................................................................................................................................... 55, 62, 93
Comments.................................................................................................................................. 45, 46, 53, 91, 116, 119
Control Panel ......................................................... 18, 38, 46, 55, 62, 80, 93, 98, 102, 107, 116, 124, 135, 186, 205
Coordinate System ............................................................................................................................. 136, 137, 141, 174
Custom Projection ........................................................................................................................................................ 38
Custom Section ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Data Group.................................................................................................................................................................. 169
Default Tracing Tasks and Landmarks .................................................................................................................... 175
Density Profile .................................................................................................................................................. 61, 64, 76
DICOM............................................................................................................................................................23, 25, 120
DICOM & Invivo File Loading.................................................................................................................................. 23
Export Image .............................................................................................................................................................. 120
Export Measurements ........................................................................................................................................ 178, 179
Export Tracing ............................................................................................................................................................ 182
Frontal Analysis................................................................................................................................................... 149, 154
Gallery View Tab ........................................................................................................................................................ 115
Grid ............................................................................................................................ 45, 61, 79, 97, 101, 105, 122, 204
Image Capture ......................................................................................................................................................... 30, 31
Image Info ..................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Image List .............................................................................................................................................................. 31, 116
Implant ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60, 63
Implant Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Implant Types.......................................................................................................................................................... 63, 75
Implant View Tab ......................................................................................................................................................... 59
Import Image .............................................................................................................................................................. 116

®
Invivo File Saving ......................................................................................................................................................... 25

Keyboard Shortcuts .................................................................................................................................................... 188
Landmark ............................................................................................................................................................. 147, 164
Layout .............................................................................................37, 42, 53, 60, 64, 91, 95, 124, 135, 161, 204, 209
License types.................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Life Size ................................................................................................................................................... 55, 93, 102, 135
Measurements........................................................ 37, 44, 46, 53, 60, 78, 91, 97, 101, 105, 122, 133, 147, 152, 166
Menu Bar........................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Misch’s bone density units ........................................................................................................................................... 76
Model View Tab .......................................................................................................................................................... 121
Mouse Navigation Tools...................................................................................................... 32, 40, 58, 64, 66, 94, 187
Move Widget ................................................................................................................ 34, 61, 106, 111, 124, 129, 204
Nerve .................................................................................................................................................56, 57, 65, 124, 126
Norm Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 170, 178
odata ..................................................................................................................................................................... 107, 114
PACS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Panoramics .................................................................................................................................................. 58, 68, 96, 99
Patient Info ................................................................................................................. 45, 61, 79, 91, 97, 101, 122, 133
Patient Orientation ..........................................................................................................................47, 55, 93, 102, 136
Photowrapping ........................................................................................................................................... 124, 134, 155
Pixel Values .................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Pontics ............................................................................................................................................................................ 87
Profilogram .......................................................................................................................................................... 134, 183
Quick Measurement ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
Reference Lines and Planes ............................................................................................................................... 147, 167
Registration .......................................................................................................................... 81, 105, 109, 112, 204, 206
Rendering Methods ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
Rendering Window ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Report View Tab ......................................................................................................................................................... 184
Reset Zoom ............................................................................................... 37, 60, 78, 91, 97, 101, 105, 122, 133, 204
Restoration ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70
Restoration View Tab ................................................................................................................................................... 77
Sassouni Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................ 154
Save Tracing ................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Sculpt (Free Form)........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Sculpt (Point-to-Point) ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Section View Tab .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Set Orientation ............................................................................................................................................................ 103
Simulation ................................................................................................................................................... 124, 129, 135
Software Layout ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
Stitching View Tab...................................................................................................................................................... 203
Stone Model.............................................................................................................................................. 66, 80, 81, 124
Super Ceph View Tab ................................................................................................................................................ 100
Super Pano View Tab ................................................................................................................................................... 96
Superimposition ........................................................................................................................ 104, 157, 160, 182, 183
Superimposition Adjustment ............................................................................................................................ 111, 112
Superimposition View Tab ........................................................................................................................................ 104
Surgical Simulation ............................................................................................................................................. 134, 180
Target Volume Size ..................................................................................................................................................... 112
Template............................................................................................................................................................... 185, 186

®
Text View ..................................................................................................................................................................... 147

TMJ View Tab ............................................................................................................................................................... 90
Toolbar ................................................................... 18, 37, 44, 53, 60, 78, 91, 97, 101, 105, 116, 122, 133, 185, 204
Tracing Tasks ...................................................................................................................................... 134, 141, 163, 173
Tru-Pan..................................................................................................................................................................... 55, 62
VCA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 150, 153
vdata ...................................................................................................................................................................... 107, 114
View Sequence ...............................................................................................37, 45, 51, 53, 61, 72, 91, 122, 130, 133
View Settings ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
View Setup ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45
View Tabs ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Visual Preference ............................................................................................................................... 133, 153, 171, 172
Volume Registration ........................................................................................................................................... 105, 112
Volume Render View Tab............................................................................................................................................ 43
Volumetric Measurement....................................................................................................................................... 45, 49
Waxups ..................................................................................................................................................................... 65, 66
Wigglegram ......................................................................................................................................... 148, 149, 168, 170

®
0473
Manufactured by: Authorized Representative:
Anatomage PaloDEx Group Oy
111 North Market Street Nahkelantie 160, P.O. Box 64
Suite 500 FI - 04301
San Jose, CA 95113 U.S.A. Tuusula, Finland
Tel: 1-408-885-1474 Tel: 358-10-270-2000
Fax 1-408-295-9786 Fax: 358-9-851-4048
www.anatomage.com www.palodexgroup.com

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Invivo5.

End of Life Statement

About Anatomage and InVivoDental Software

ANA003 Rev B. 26 May 2015 Page 2 of 216 UM-INVEU-ENG-54B

Indications for Use

This device is not indicated for mammography use.

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Slider Bar Scroll ............................................................................................................................................................. 32

Implant: Rendering Window ....................................................................................................................................... 64

Super Pano: Toolbar ..................................................................................................................................................... 97

Tracing Task Examples and Tips .................................................................................................................... 142

Stitching: View Control.............................................................................................................................................. 205

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A natomage, Inc. is a medical imaging company composed of

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Graphics Cards / GPU Details

Brand Model Series Low-End Options Recommendation High-End Options

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Sizes Model Series Graphics Processor Options Weight

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Website Installation Instructions

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InVivoDental Setup Wizard

OpenGL Vendor: Associated with the

OpenGL Version: Associated with the

Memory: The quantity of RAM installed

Click Next to continue.

Enter the numerical authorization code. If

Click Next to continue.

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Full Functionality Mode: Selecting this

Unchecking this function will install the

PACS Options: Files can be opened from

Review the End-User License Agreement

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Validating the Installer File

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• Directly Opens DICOM Data from Any CT Machine

• Invivo File Compression

• Section and Multislice View Operations

• Volume Rendering of Scan Data

• Linear, Angular, Circumferential, Area, and Volumetric Measurements*

• Image Capture and Export

• AVI (Movie) Capture and Export

• Implant, Abutment, and Restoration Treatment Planning

• Bone Density Evaluation

• Quick Airway Volume Measurement and Evaluation

• Automatic Superimposition and Mirroring

• Platform for the AnatoModel Service

*All measurements are performed with the metric system.

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Menu Bar Toolbar View Tabs

View Control Rendering Window

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Accessing the Invivo Preferences:

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Default Image Sharpening

Auto save 2D view setting on application exit

Section Rendering presets, custom Brightness/Contrast (if