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    Professionalism:: Defining and Measuring Professionalism

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    Yevan HarryBrata
    This document discusses defining and measuring professionalism. It examines what professionalism is, how to measure something subjective like professionalism, and identifies 4 common measures of professionalism: excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism. The document also explores using connoisseurship, criticism, and choice as ways to measure professionalism and determine the purpose of measurement, such as selection or improvement.

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    Professionalism:: Defining and Measuring Professionalism

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    Yevan HarryBrata
    20 views22 pages
    This document discusses defining and measuring professionalism. It examines what professionalism is, how to measure something subjective like professionalism, and identifies 4 common measures of professionalism: excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism. The document also explores using connoisseurship, criticism, and choice as ways to measure professionalism and determine the purpose of measurement, such as selection or improvement.

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    This document discusses defining and measuring professionalism. It examines what professionalism is, how to measure something subjective like professionalism, and identifies 4 common measures of professionalism: excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism. The document also explores using connoisseurship, criticism, and choice as ways to measure professionalism and determine the purpose of measurement, such as selection or improvement.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    20 views22 pages

    Professionalism:: Defining and Measuring Professionalism

    Uploaded by

    Yevan HarryBrata
    This document discusses defining and measuring professionalism. It examines what professionalism is, how to measure something subjective like professionalism, and identifies 4 common measures of professionalism: excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism. The document also explores using connoisseurship, criticism, and choice as ways to measure professionalism and determine the purpose of measurement, such as selection or improvement.

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    of 22

    Professionalism:

    Defining and Measuring Professionalism


    Defining and Measuring Professionalism

    • What is (and is not) “professionalism”

    • How can we measure something as


    “subjective” as professionalism?

    • 4 measures of professionalism
    What is a Profession?

    • An occupation for which the


    necessary preliminary training is
    intellectual in character . . .
    • . . . Pursued largely for others and
    not merely for one’s self
    • . . . In which the amount of financial
    return is not the accepted measure
    of success.

    Louis Brandeis, Brown University Commencement, 1912


    What is a Professional?

    • A professional has command of a


    special body of knowledge and
    skills.
    • A professional is given specific
    rights not generally provided to the
    public.
    • A professional has specific
    responsibilities or duties not
    generally expected of the public.
    Professionals have
    specialized knowledge and skills

    • Physicians: Therapies, surgical


    procedures
    • Lawyers: Details of the content and
    process of the law (local, state, and
    federal)
    • Clergy: Religious ritual and
    scriptural interpretation
    Professionals have
    specific rights

    • Physicians: Asking private


    questions, prescribing narcotics,
    performing operations
    • Lawyers: Lawyer-Client privilege
    • Clergy: Participation, leadership,
    and access to certain religious
    rituals
    Common Elements

    • Excellence
    • Humanism
    • Accountability
    • Altruism

    Arnold L. Acad Med, May 2002.


    Excellence

    • A commitment to competence
    • Lifelong learning
    • Continuous quality improvement
    • Promotion of scientific
    knowledge
    Humanism

    • Caring, compassion, empathy


    • Honor and integrity
    • Respect for patients and their
    families
    Humanism

    “Humanism is the passion that


    animates authentic professionalism.
    Humanism is a way of being. It
    comprises a set of deep-seated
    personal convictions about one’s
    obligations to others, especially
    others in need.”

    Jordan Cohen, Acad Med 2007


    Accountability
    • “procedures and processes by which
    one party justifies and takes
    responsibility for its activities”
    • Responsibility to: patients, families,
    society
    • Accountability for: quality care,
    upholding principles, managing
    conflicts of interest
    • Self and professional regulation
    Altruism

    • The interests of patients should


    guide behavior more than the
    interests of the individual physician.
    • Can be part of excellence,
    humanism, or accountability
    Professionalism

    Accountability
    Humanism
    Excellence

    Altruism
    Ethical and Legal Understanding

    Communication Skills

    Clinical Competence (Knowledge of Medicine)

    Arnold
    Arnold and Stern,
    and Stern, 20062006
    . . . and wise application . . .

    The ultimate measure of a man is not


    where he stands in moments of
    comfort and convenience, but where
    he stands at times of challenge and
    controversy.

    Martin Luther King Jr. Strength to Love, 1963


    Three Ways to Promote Professionalism

    • Expectations
    • Experiences
    • Evaluation

    Stern and Papadakis, 2006


    Defining and Measuring Professionalism

    • What is (and is not) “professionalism”

    • How can we measure something as


    “subjective” as professionalism?

    • 4 measures of professionalism
    How to Measure the “Subjective”

    • Connoisseurship
    • Criticism
    • Choice
    Connoisseurship

    A means through which the


    complexities of situations can be
    noticed; it is a way of seeing what
    is subtle and significant.

    Elliot Eisner
    Criticism

    The reeducation of perception. It is


    intended to illuminate through
    commentary or narrative what is
    subtle but significant in a situation
    so that those less sophisticated in a
    particular domain can come to see
    what they had not.

    Elliot Eisner
    Purpose of Measurement

    To provide the tools with which


    you can convert connoisseurship
    into criticism in a formal and
    consistent manner.
    Choice:
    For What Purpose are you Measuring?

    • To select (summative)
     Allows the comparison of students
     Provides information for feedback
     Could identify residents not fit to practice
    • To improve (formative)
     Does not allow for comparisons
     Intended purpose is for feedback
     More likely to be honest and critical
    Defining and Measuring Professionalism

    • What is (and is not) “professionalism”

    • How can we measure something as


    “subjective” as professionalism?

    • 4 measures of professionalism

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